(初三上册)初二升初三大纲(2)

(初三上册)初二升初三大纲(2)
(初三上册)初二升初三大纲(2)

初二升初三复习及预习大纲

(二)初三上册预习

一、重点词汇、句型

Unit 1

How can we become good learners?

(一)重点词汇、短语

1. ask sb. for help 请求某人的帮助

2. be patient 耐心点儿

3.improve one’ s speaking skills 提髙某人说的能力

4. spoken English=oral English英语口语

5. make word cards 制作单词卡片

6. listen to tapes 听磁带

7. the secret to language learning 语言学习的诀窍

8. be afraid to do sth.不敢'做某事

9. fall in love with.. . 爱上

10. body language 肢体语言

11. take notes 记笔记

12. make mistakes in grammar 犯语法错误

13. learning habits 学习习惯

14. have sth. in common 有...共同点

15. pay attention to 注意

16. connect…with…把....与....联系起来

17. write down key words 摘抄重点词

18. in class 在课堂上

19.after class 课后

20. be interested in…对.......感兴趣

21. do sth. on one’s own 独立做某事

22. worry about 为...而担忧

23. depend on=rely on 依赖;取决于

(二)重点句型

1. What about doing sth ?

例:What about listening to tapes?

Unit 2

I think that mooncakes are delicious!

(一)重点词汇、短语

1.the Lantern Festival 元宵节

2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节

3. the Water Festival 泼水节

4.eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐

5. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅

6. in two weeks 两星期之后

7.be similar to... 与.......相似

8. throw water at each other 互相泼水

9.in the shape of... 呈…的形状

10.folk stories民间传说故事

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c14098664.html,y out摆开;布置

12. the story of Chang,e嫦娥的故事

13. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事

14. have good luck in the new year在新的一年里有好运气

15. end up最终成为;最后处于 end up with以…结束

16. share sth with sb 与…分享…

17.as a result结果

18. one ... the other... (两者中)一个…另一个…

19.care about 关心

20. dress up 乔装打扮

21.haunted house 鬼屋

22. play a trick on sb.捉弄某人

23.give out 分发 give up放弃

24. trick or treat (万圣节用语)不给糖果就捣蛋

25. light candles

26.the importance of…的重要性

27. take sb around…=show sb around…带某人到处走走

28. warn sb to do sth.警告某人做某事

warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事

29. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始

30. remind sb of …使某人回想起…

31. promise to do sth.承诺做某事

32.treat sb. with. 用/以…对待某人

33.lose weight减肥

(二)重点句型

1. What do/does+sb. + think of sth. ?

例:What does Wu Yu think of this festival?

could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

(一)重点词汇、短语

1.turn left/right 向左/右转

2.on one’ s left/right 在某人的左/右边

3. go along Main Street 沿着主大街走

4.have dinner 吃饭

5.go to the third floor 去三楼

6.a room for resting 休息室

7. be special about.. . 有……独特之处

8.pardon me 请再说一次

9. come on 过来;加油

10.one one’ s way to... 在去.......的路上

11. something to eat一些吃的东西

12.hold one’ s hand 抓住某人的手

13. mail(send) a letter 寄信

14.pass by 路过

15. a rock band 摇滚乐队

16.in the shopping center 在购物中心

17. in some situations 在某些场合

18.park one’ s car 停车

19. an underground parking lot地下停车库

20.such as 例如

21. thank sb. for doing sth. 为…感谢某人

22.look forward to…期盼…

23. meet sb. for the first time 第一次见到某人

24. in a rush to do sth. 仓促地做某事

25. be convenient to do sth. 做某事很方便

二.重点句型

1. not…until…

You never know until you try something.

2. It seems (that)…

It seems a rock band plays there every evening.

3. do you know...

例:Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine? Do you know when the bookstore closes today?

4. Could you please tell me... ?

Could you please tell me how to get to the post office?

I used to be afraid of the dark.

(一)重点词汇、短语

1.humorous adj. 有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的

2.silent adj. 不说话的;沉默的

3.helpful adj. 有用的;有帮助的

4.from time to time 时常;有时

5.score n. & v. 得分;打分

6.background n. 背景

7.interview v. 采访;面试n. 面试;访谈

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c14098664.html,n adj. 亚洲的;亚洲人的n. 亚洲人

9.shyness n.害羞;腼腆

10.deal with 对付;应付

11.dare v. 敢于;胆敢

12.crowd n. 人群;观众

13.ton n.吨;大量;许多

14.private adj. 私人的;私密的

15.guard n. 警卫;看守v. 守卫;保卫

16.require v. 需要;要求

17.European adj. 欧洲的;欧洲人的

18.African adj. 非洲的;非洲人的n.非洲人

19.British adj. 英国的;英国人的

20.speech n. 讲话;发言

21.public n.民众adj. 公开的;公众的

22.ant n. 蚂蚁

23.insect n. 昆虫

24.influence v. & n. 影响

25.seldom adv. 不常;很少

26.proud adj. 自豪的;骄傲的

27.be proud of 为……骄傲;感到自豪

28.absent adj. 缺席;不在

29.fail v. 不及格;失败;未能(做到)

30.examination n. 考试;审查

31.boarding school 寄宿学校

32.in person 亲身;亲自

33.exactly adv. 确切地;精确地

34.pride n. 自豪;骄傲

35.take pride in 为??感到自豪

36.grandson n. 孙子;外孙

37.general adj. 普遍的;常规的;总的n. 将军

38.introduction n. 介绍

39.Paula 葆拉(女名)

40.Alfred 艾尔弗雷德(男名)

41.Billy 比利(男名)

42.Candy 坎迪(女名)

43.Jerry 杰里(男名);杰丽(女名)

44.Emily (女名)

45.from time to time 时常;有时

46.deal with 应对;处理

47.in public 公开地;在别人面前

48.see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事

49.take up 学着做;开始做

50.dare to do sth.敢于做某事

51.not…anymore 不再……

52.tons of sth. 大量的某事物

53.too much 太多的

54.worry about 担心

55.hang out 泡在某处;闲逛

56.be prepared to do sth. 愿意做某事

57.give up 放弃

58.fight on 继续战斗

59.a very small number of…极少数……

60.make it to the top 获得名望或成功

61.at least 至少

62.give a speech 讲话;发表演说

63.be proud of 为……骄傲;感到自豪

64.take pride in 为……感到自豪

65.boarding school 寄宿学校

66.in person 亲身;亲自

67.no longer 不再;已不

68.be absent from 缺席……

69.make a decision to do sth. 决定去做某事

70.to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是……

71.take care of 照顾;照料

72.feel good about 对……感到愉快或有信心等

73.in the end 最后;终于

(二)重点句型

1.I used to be short.

我过去很矮。

2.Paula used to be really quiet.

葆拉过去很安静。

3.I didn’t use to be popular in school. 我过去在学校里默默无闻。

4.She didn’t use to like tests.

她过去不喜欢考试。

5.Did he use to wear glasses?

他以前戴眼镜吗?

Yes,he did./No,he didn’t.

是的,他戴。/不,他不戴。

6.You used to be short ,didn’t you?

你过去很矮,不是吗?

Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.

是的,我是。/不,我不是。

7.It’s been three years since we lastsaw our primary school classmates. 我们已经有三年没见我们的小学同学了。

Unit5

What are the shirts made of?

(一)重点词汇、短语

1.be made of 由...制作/制造(材料)

2.be made in在...制作/制造 (产地)

3.be made from由......制造/制成

4.environmental protection环境保护

5.be famous for 以......闻名;为人知晓be known for以......闻名

6. be produced in在......生产

7.be used for被用于......

8.as far as I know据我所知

9.pick by hand手工采摘

10. turn... into把......变成......

11.no matter不论

12.all over(around) the world全世界

13.even though即使

14.avoid doing sth避免做某事

15.everyday things日常用品

16.find out 查明;弄清

17.go on a vacation去度假

18.paper cutting剪纸

19.such as 例如

20. send for发送;派人去请

21.send out发出;放出;发送

22.be covered with被......覆盖

23.rise into上升到;升入

24.put on 张贴

25.as symbols of作为......的象征

26.fairy tale 童话故事

二.重点句型

1.What’s the model plane made of?

这个模型飞机是用什么做的?

2.Are your shirts made of cotton?

你的衬衫是棉布做的吗?

Unit 6

When was it invented?

(一)重点词汇、短语

1. look up to 钦佩;仰慕

2. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做……

3. be used for. 用来做……

4. shoes with special heels 有特殊鞋跟的鞋子

5. shoes with lights 有灯的鞋子

6. the style of the shoes 鞋子的样式

7. hot ice-cream scoop 冰激凌加热勺

8. think of 想出

9. be invented 被发明

10. my pleasure 乐意效劳

11. have a point 说得有理

12.think about 考虑;思考

13. in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中

14. the pioneers of different inventions 不同发明的先锋

15. be listed 被列清单

16. at that time 在那时

17. be used widely 被广泛使用

18. become popular 变得流行

19. spread to... 传播到

20. by accident 偶然;意外地

21. it is said that... 据说……

22. over an open fire在篝火上

23. fall into 掉人

24. for some time 一段时间

25. the saint of tea 茶圣

26. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

27. the finest tea leaves 最好的茶叶

28. be brought to 被带到

29. during the 6th and 7th centuries 在六至七世纪间

30. not.. until 直到……才

31. in less than 100 years 在不到100年的时间里

32. the national drink 全国性的饮品

33. take place 发生

34. even though 即使

35. Without doubt 毫无疑问;的确

36. the nature of tea 茶的本质

37. drop into 掉人

38. at a low price 以低的价格

39. steal sth. from 从……偷东西

40. advise sb. (not) to do sth 建议某人(别)做某事

41. translate... into 把……翻译成

42. all of a sudden 突然;冷不防

43. a safe place 一个安全的地方

44. musical notes 音符;音律

45. by mistake 无意中

46. make the customer happy 使顾客髙兴

47. 100 million people 一亿人

48. in history 在历史上

49. on a hard floor 在坚硬的地板上

50. divide... into 把......分成

51. stop... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事

52. the number of... ……的数量

53. change the world改变世界

(二)重点句型

1. They’re used for...它们是用来……

2. I think it was invented in 1876.

我认为它是在1876年被发明的。

3. The zipper was invented by Whitcomb J udson in1893. 拉链是由惠特科姆?贾德森在1893年发明的。

4. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.

据说,一个名叫神农的中国统治者是发现茶叶并把其作为饮料的第一人。

5. In England,tea didn’t appear until around 1660. 在英国,茶叶直到大约1660年才出现……

6.When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of agame that could be played in the winter.

当他是大学老师时,他被要求想出一种能在冬天玩的运动。

7.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport towatch.

篮球不仅成为一项受人欢迎的运动,而且成为了一项受欢迎的观赏运动。

Unit 7

Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

(一)重点词汇、短语

1. sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子们

2. have a chance 有机会

3. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事

4. choose one’s own clothes 选择某人自己的衣服

5. go to the shopping center 去购物中心

6. Driver’ s license 驾驶证

7. be worried a bout= worry about 担心

8. have part-time jobs 做兼职工作

9. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞

10. cut one’ s hair 理发

11. look clean 看上去干净

12. use a flash 用闪光灯

13. protect the paintings 保护油画

14. sing to sb. 给某人唱歌

15. stay by my side 与我待在一起

16. run through 跑过

17. keep. away from 避免接近;远离

18. give sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱

19. shout back angrily 生气地回吼

20. make one’s own decision(s)

21. = make the choice(s) oneself 做出自己的决定

22. do social work 做社会工作

23. learn... from... 从……学到……

24. give sb. chances 给某人机会

25. move out 搬出

26. lift up 举起

27. awful dreams 可怕的梦

28. talk back 回嘴;顶嘴

29. think back 回想

30. regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事

31. a young age 小时候

32. manage one’s own live(s) 管理某人自己的生活

33. fail a test 考试失败

34. take the test 参加考试

35. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格

36. have nothing against 不反对

37. end up 最终

38. enter university 进人大学

39. achieve one’ s dream(s) 实现某人的梦想

40. keep off 持关闭状态

41. get in the way 挡…的路;妨碍

42. be serious about 对……严肃

43. care about 担心;关心

44. no way 绝对不行;一点也不

(二)重点句型

1. Sixteen-year-oldshould be allowed to drive.

应该允许十六岁的孩子开车。

2.Sixteen-year-old should not be allowed to work at night.

不应该允许十六岁的青少年晚上工作。

3. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

应该允许青少年选择自己的衣服。

4. He needs to spend time with friends.

他需要和朋友们一起度过时间。

5. When I was tired and hungry, she gave me food and warm arms to sleep in. 当我又累又饿时,她给我东西吃,又给我温暖的怀抱入眠。

6.they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.

应该允许他们尽可能多地按照他们所想的去实践他们的爱好。

7. Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream. 只有那时我才有机会实现我的梦想。

8. We have nothing against running!

我们没有理由反对(他)跑步!

Unit 8

It must belong to Carla.

(一)重点词汇、短语

1. hair band 发带

2. attend a concert 听音乐会

3. the music hall 音乐大厅

4. anything valuable 任何有价值的东西

5. the rest of my friends 我的其他朋友

6. belong to 属于

7. at the picnic 在野餐的时候

8. pick up 捡起

9. in our neighborhood 在我们家附近

10. each other 互相

11. something unusual 一些不同寻常的东西

12. around here 在这儿附近

13. be interviewed 被采访

14. strange noises 奇怪的噪音

15. call the policemen 报警

16. something strange 一些奇怪的东西

17. next-door neighbor 隔壁邻居

18. run away 逃跑

19. feel uneasy 感到不安

20. the noise-maker 噪音制造者

21. create fear 制造恐惧

22. make noise 制造噪音

23. in the laboratory 在实验室

24. try to do sth. 努力做某事

25. take a shower 洗澡

26. wear coats 穿着外套

27. cough a lot 咳嗽得厉害

28. feel sleepy 感到困倦

29. catch a bus 赶公交车

30. express a difference 表达不同之处

31. give a choice 给出选择

32. add information 添加信息

33. historical places 历史古迹

34. not only. but also. ?不但......而且......

35. greatest mysteries 最大的继团

36. ancient leaders 古代的领袖

37. point out 指出

38. put together 放在一起

39. a burial place 一块墓地

40. honor ancestors 尊重先人

41. celebrate a victory 庆祝胜利

43. a long period of time 很长一段时间

44. be hard-working 努力学习

45. great planners 伟大的策划者

46. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

47. background information 背景信息

48. such colorful clothes 如此鲜艳的服装

49. at work 在上班

(二)重点句型

1. It must belong to Carla.

它肯定是属于卡拉的。

2. It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball.

它一定是卡拉的。她喜欢排球。

3. I attended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall.

我昨天去听了音乐会,因此它可能仍然还在音乐大厅里。

4. So it can’t be stolen.

所以它不可能被人偷了。

5. I think somebody must have picked it up.

我认为肯定有人已经捡走它了。

6. I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it.

现在我要给他们打个电话核实一下是否有人捡到了。

7. At first I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog. But then, what could it be?

最初,我认为那可能是一条狗,但是我看不到狗,也没看到别的东西。所以我猜那不可能是条狗。但它可能是什么呢?

8. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighb orhood,but what is it?

一定有什么东西闯入了我们附近的地方,可那是什么呢?

Unit 9

I like music that I can dance to.

(一)重点词汇、短语

1.stay away from 远离

2.be sure 确定;确信

3. be sure to do 一定要做某事

4.make sure that...确保…;确定…

5. stay out待在外面

6.stay up熬夜

7.in that case既然那样

8.in case万一

9.stick to坚持;固守

10.in total总共;合计

11.plenty of 大量;充足

12.once in a while偶尔;间或

(二)重点句型

1.What kind of music do you like?

你喜欢什么类型的音乐?

I love music that i can sing along with.

我喜欢我可以跟唱的。

2.What kind of groups doed Xu Fei like?

许飞喜欢什么样的组合?

He prefers groups that play quiet and slow songs.

他更喜欢唱歌安静节奏慢的组合。

3.What kind of movies do you like?

你喜欢什么类型的电影?

I prefer movies that give me something to think about.

我喜欢可以让我有东西思考的电影。

Unit 10

You are supposed to shake hands.

(一)重点词汇、短语

1. be supposed to do sth被期望/要求做某事;应该

2. shake hands 握手

3. drop by 顺便拜访

4. after all毕竟;终归

5. pick up 拾起;捡起接某人

6. make a noise 发出噪音

7. table manners 餐桌礼仪

8. get used to 习惯于

9. be relaxed about对…随意/放松

10. get mad大动肝火;气愤

11.clean…off 把…擦掉

12.take off脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞

13.make an effort作出努力

14.make sb feel at home使某人感到宾至如归

15.cut up切开;切碎

16.be expected to do 被期待做…

17.make friends with与…交朋友

18.as soon as一…就…

19.to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是

20. be different from 与…不同

21.on time 按时 in time及时

(二)重点句型

1.What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? 当你第一次和某人见面时你应该怎么做?

You’re supposed to shake hands.

你应该招手。

2.When were you supposed to arrive?

你应该什么时候到达?

I was supposed to arrive at 7:00.

我应该7点到的。

3.Am i supposed to wear jeans?

我应该穿牛仔裤吗

No ,you’re expect to wear a suit and tie.

不,你应该穿正装和领带

4.Is it impolite to keep others waiting ?

让被人一直等待是不礼貌的吗?

Yes, it’s very impolite to keep others waiting.

是的,让别人一直等待是非常不礼貌的。

5.Is it important to be on time?

守时很重要吗?

Yes, it’s important to be on time.

是的,守时很重要。

重点语法

Unit 1

How can we become good learners?

1.by的用法

a. 介词 prep. (指交通等)乘;

例:The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 They went to Shanghai by plane. 他们坐飞机去上海。

b. 表示做某事的方式、方法结构:by+V-ing

How do you study for a test?

I study by making word cards.

2. 现在完成时态结构:have done,表示

例:Have you ever studied with a group?

3. It’s +adj+ (for sb) to do sth

It’s too hard (for me) to understand spoken English.

4.find it + adj + to do sth

例:I find it easy to learn English.

I think that mooncakes are delicious!

.宾语从句

一.连词

a.陈述语序(that)

b.一般疑问句(if 或whether)

c.特殊疑问句(5w,1h) 二.陈述语序

三.时态

可跟that从句做宾语的动词:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等

例:I don’t know what they are looking for.

Could you tell me when the train will leave?

注意:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。

例:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

注意:由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的,意思是“是否”。

例:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

注意:当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。

例:The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

3.感叹句结构(P56)

How+adj. /adv. + 主 + 谓! What (a/an)+名+ 主 + 谓!

例:What an interesting story it is!

How tall Yao Ming is

could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

被动语态的用法

1.英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成.

2.助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样.

一、被动语态的句式变化:

二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下:

(1)被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什

么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变.

(2)一般现在时的被动语态为:

①主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

②一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词

例如:我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词(bear)

-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989.

③现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词

④现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词

⑤情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词

⑥一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词

⑦过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词

⑧过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词

⑨过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词

三、被动语态的用法:

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语Football is played widely all over the world.

全世界都广泛地踢足球.

(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语.

The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫.

(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型

It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA. 据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感.

四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:

(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语

(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词

原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略.请看下表:

主动语态\x09被动语态

T hey make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road.\x09Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the

classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).

Unit4

I used to be afraid of the dark.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c14098664.html,ed to do sth. 过去常常做…

get/be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于…

be used to do 被用于做…(被动语态)

be used by 由(被)…使用(被动语态)

be used as …被当做…使用(被动语态)

be used for doing 被用于做…(被动语态)

例:(1)I used to go to work by bus. Now I take a taxi.

(2)He used to be a problem boy.

(3)She used to be very shy.

(4)I’m used to drinking a cup of water after meal.

(5)He’s been used to living in the dormitory.

(6)A hammer is used to drive nails.

(7)This machine is used to clean the floor.

(8)The girl is being used as a servant in the house.

(9)A knife can be used for cutting bread.

2) afford(支付得起)的用法

afford sth 买得起……

afford to do sth 有足够的…去做…

例:His mother couldn’t afford to pay for her child’s education. They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not.

We can’t afford to pay such a price.

3) take pride in sth/ sb = be proud of sth/ sb 为…感到自豪

例:He was watching me and take pride in everything good I do.

I take pride in my child. =I’m proud of my child.

注:He take pride in everything good I do. 这是一个定语从句。省略了关系代词that。先行词为不定代词时,关系代词只能用that。

4)the+序数词+最高级+N 第几(大/长/高…)

One of the/形容词性物主代词+Ns 谓语用三单

例:He is now one of the best students in his class

One of my best friends is a doctor.

One of his most expensive pens has been lost.

The yellow river is the second largest river in china.

Mount Qomolangma is the first highest mountain around the world.

Unit5

What are the shirts made of?

1.辨析:be made of 由...制作/制造(材料):在成品中能看出原材料

be made from由...制造/制成(材料):在成品中看不出原材料

be made in在...制作/制造 (产地)

例:The desk is made of wood.

Bread is made of flour.

The paper is made from wood.

Wine is made of grapes.

This kind of plane is made in China.

Made in China.中国制造

2. be famous for 以...闻名;为人知晓

be known for因...而闻名

be famous as作为...而闻名

be known as作为...而闻名

例:Jingdezhen is famous for china.

China is famous for its tourism.

Mo Yan is very famous as a writer.

3. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事

allow doing sth

be allowed to do sth

例:Please allow me to come in.

My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.

We were not allowed to talk in class.

They allowed smoking in this room only.

注意:allow只可搭配动名词短语作宾语,不可直接搭用动词不定式作宾补,即只可说allow doing sth,不可说allow to do sth.

4.一般现在时的被动语态结构:am/is/are+过去分词

一、·英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。如:We clean the classroom.

我们打扫教室。

·

主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。如:

The classroom is cleaned (by us).

教室被(我们)打扫。

二、被动语态的构成:助动词

be +及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)·其中by意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者。如:

The glass is broken by that boy.

玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。·

be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如:

English is widely spoken around the world.

(肯定式)

English is not widely spoken around the world.

(否定式)

Is English widely spoken around the world?

(疑问式)

Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.

三、被动语态的

用法:在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如:

This coat is made of cotton.

这件大衣是棉制的。

要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。如:

Her bike is stolen.

她的自行车被偷了。

四、主、被动语态的转换:主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)

五、被动语态:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)

注意:

1. 主动、被动互转时,时态不变,但有人称和数的变化。

·主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态的宾语时,要用宾格形式。·主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式,变成被动时,要转换为主格。

(1) People grow rice in the south.

Rice is grown (by people) in the south.

(2) She takes care of the baby.

The baby is taken care of (by her).

2. 含有情态动词的被动语态

情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)如:

The work can be done.

这项工作很容易做。

Other planets may be visited in the future.

将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。

3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式,在变被动句时,要加上to .使役动词make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官动词see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth 如:

they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them).

→ a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them).

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