TPO47综合写作听力文本 宋克明
TPO47综合写作听力文本宋克明
Recent research has revealed the pterosaurs may in fact have been capableof powered flight.
First, the issue of pterosaur metabolism. Some recently discovered pterosaur fossils indicate that pterosaurs had a dense, hair-like covering, somewhat similar to fur. Hair or fur covering is typical of warm-blooded animals because those animals need to maintain a high body temperature when external conditions are cold. So if the metabolism of pterosaurs was more like that of warm-blooded animals and so faster than the reading suggests, then it would have supplied them with the energy needed for powered flight. This transcript was written by
Second, the idea that large pterosaurs couldn't use powered flight because they were too heavy. We now know that pterosaurs had anatomical features that made them unusually light for their size. For example, the bones of pterosaurs were hollow instead of solid. Hollow, light-weight bones would have kept the pterosaurs weight low despite their large body frames. The pterosaurs' weight was probably low enough to allow them tokeep themselves airborne by flapping their wings.
Third, takeoff would indeed be a problem for pterosaurs if they took off the way birds do. But there are important differences between birds and pterosaurs. Birds only use their hind limbs, their legs, for walking on the ground. So
they only have two limbs to push off from when they launch.
But pterosaurs walked on all four limbs while on the ground. There are modern flying animals that walk on all four limbs. Bats, for example. And they use all four limbs to push off the ground, not just the back ones. Studies indicate that even the largest pterosaurs would have had no trouble using all four limbs to run fast enough or jump high enough tolaunch themselves into the air.
托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文文本： In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand years ago. However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece of historical evidence but a historical fake; they think that the coin was placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not genuine historical evidence. Great Distance from Norse Settlements First, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America. Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the settlements. No Other Coins Found A second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements. Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Silver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money. 托福TPO44综合写作听力原文文本： Professor: Actually many archaeologists believe that the coin discussed in the reading is not a fake. They believe it represents genuine evidence that the Norse came into contact with Native Americans a thousand years ago. First, the great distance of the Maine site from the Norse settlements in Canada. Well, many other objects found at that same Native American site had come from faraway places. Not just the coin. There's a perfectly reasonable historical explanation for these objects. The Native Americans who lived at the Maine site traveled great distances within North America. They were interested in obtaining objects from faraway places. The Native Americans could have reached the Norse settlements during their travels and brought the silver coin back to Maine. Second, does the fact that we found no other coins at Norse settlements mean that the Norse didn't bring any coins with them? Not necessarily. The Norse didn't create permanent settlements in North America. At some point, they went back to Europe. When
新托福听力真题文本tpo全本tpo7
TPO07–Listening Part Conversation Eric:Hi,Professor Mason,do you have a minute? Pro:Yeah,of course,Eric.I think there was something I wanted to talk to you about too. Eric:Probably my late essay. Pro:Ah,that must be it.I thought maybe I’d lost it. Eric:No,I'm sorry.Actually it was my computer that lost it,the first draft of it.And,well,anyway, I finally put it in your mail box yesterday. Pro:Oh,I haven't checked the mail box yet today.Well,I'm glad it's there.I will read it this weekend. Eric:Well,sorry again.Say,I can send it to you by email too if you like. Pro:Great.I'll be interested to see how it all comes out. Eric:Right.Now,ah,I just have overheard some graduates students talking.Something about a party for De Adams? Pro:Retirement party,yes,all students are invited.Wasn't there notice on the Anthropology Department's bulletin board? Eric:Ah,I don't know.But I want to offer help with it.You know whatever you need.De Adams, well,I took a few anthropology classes with her and they were great,inspiring.That's why I want to pitch in. Pro:Oh,that's very thoughtful of you,Eric,but it will be low key,nothing flashy.That's not her
TPO17 综合写作 听力文本
Listening The passage clams that there will be fewer and fewer birds, but the arguments used to support this claim are unconvincing. First, it’s true that urban growth has been bad for some types of birds, but urban development actually provides better and larger habitats for other types, so much so that city and suburban dwellers often complain about increased birds populations—seagulls at landfills, pigeons on the streets and so on. Even birds like hawks and falcons can now be found in cities, where they prey on the increasing populations of pigeons and rodents. So it’s not going to be a story of uniform decline of bird populations in the future. Some populations may shrink, but others will grow. As for agriculture, it’s true that it too will increase in the future, but not in the way assumed by the reading passage. The truth is, in the United States, less and less land is being used for agriculture every year. Increasing in agricultural production have resulted from and will continue to result from the introduction of new, more productive varieties of crops. These new crops produce more food per unit of land, and as a result, there’s no need to destroy wilderness areas. And third, while it’s certainly true that traditional pesticides have been destruct ive to birds, it’s incorrect to project this history into the future. Now that people are aware of the possible consequences of traditional pesticides, two changes have occurred. First, new and much less toxic pesticides have been developed, and that’s imp ortant. Second, and perhaps more importantly there is a growing trend to develop more pest resistant crops, crops that are genetically designed to be unattractive to pests. Pest resistant crops greatly reduce the need for chemical pesticides. And best of all, pest resistant crops don’t harm birds at all.
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4 众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。 TPO 15 Lecture 4 Biology Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: OK. We’ve been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know uh, food for the organisms, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy, and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle the organic material to complete the cycle. So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I ‘d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community. And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977 with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we are taiking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents
TPO42综合写作听力文本
Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass windows. There are, however, several solutions that responsible businesses can use to prevent injuries to birds. One-Way Glass One solution is to replace the regular, clear glass with one-way glass that is transparent in only one direction. The occupants of the building can see out, but birds and others cannot see in. If birds cannot see through a window, they will understand that the glass forms a solid barrier and will not try to fly through it. Colorful Designs A second solution is to paint colorful lines or other designs on regular window glass. For example, a window could have a design of thin stripes painted over the glass. People would still be able to see through the openings in the design where there is no paint, while birds would see the stripes and thus avoid trying to fly through the glass. Architects can be encouraged to include colorful painted patterns on glass as part of the general design of buildings. Magnetic Field The third solution is to create an artificial magnetic field to guide birds away from buildings. Humans use an instrument called a magnetic compass to determine directions—either north, south, east, or west. Bird research has shown that birds have a natural ability to sense Earth’s magnetic fields; this ability works just like a compass, and it helps birds navigate in the right direction when they fly. A building in a bird flight path can be equipped with powerful electromagnets that emit magnetic signals that steer birds in a direction away from the building. Now liste n to part of a lecture on the topic you’ve just read about. None of the solutions you’ve read about will effectively stop birds from getting injured. First, replacing regular glass with one-way glass. Well, the problem with one-way glass is that to the bird on the outside, a one-way glass surface reflects just like a mirror. And a surface that reflects like a mirror is just as bad as regular glass for birds because birds don’t understand mirrors. If they see a reflection of the sky in a mirror or of a tree in the mirror, they think the reflection is the sky or is the tree and they’ll fly right into them. The second solution, painting colorful patterns like stripes on regular glass, also has problems. As the reading said, these designs include openings so people inside the buildings can see out. But birds will perceive these unpainted openings as open holes. And if birds think they’re seeing holes, they will try to fly right through them. To prevent birds from doing this, the unpainted spaces in the window would have to be extremely small. But that would then make the rooms of the buildings too dark for the people inside them. The third solution, creating an artificial magnetic field, won’t work very well, either. While it’s true that birds use Earth’s magn etic field to help them navigate, they use this only when they’re traveling very long distances. For example, if a bird is migrating from a cold country to a warm one during winter, it will use its magnetic sense to figure out which way it should fly. But this ability isn’t used to go over short distances such as going from one side to the city to another.
托福TPO4综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福】
托福TPO4综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文 【雷哥托福整理】 在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。 考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！ 雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可以极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。如何使用这个文件呢？ TPO4 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms. Polar dinosaurs One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well
托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Student: Hi, I was wondering if I could talk with you about the assignment in the film theory class. Professor: Of course, Jill. Student: It seems that pretty much everyone else in the class gets what they are supposed to be doing but I’m not so sure. Professor: Well, the class is for students who are really serious about film. You must have taken film courses before. Student: Yeah, in high school, film appreciation. Professor: Hmmm…I wouldn’t think that would be enough. Did you concentrate mainly on form or content? Student: Oh, definitely content. We’d watch, say Lord of the Flies, and then discuss it. Professor: Oh, that approach, treating film as literature, ignoring what makes it unique. Student: I liked it, though. Professor: Sure, but that kind of class. Well, I’m not surprised that you are feeling a little lost. You know, we have two introductory courses that are supposed to be taken before you get to my course, one in film art, techniques, technical stuff and another in film history. So students in the class you are in should be pretty far along in film studies. In fact, usually the system blocks anyone trying to sign up for a class they shouldn’t be taking, who hasn’t taken the courses you are required to do first as prerequisites. Student: Well, I did have a problem with that but I discussed it with one of your office staff, and she gave me permission. Professor: Of course. No matter how many times I tell them, they just keep on… Well, for your own good, I’d really suggest dropping back and starting at the usual
托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文文本： Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship. 托福TPO50综合写作听力原文文本： A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses. First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to breathe. Second, the effects of zero gravity. Over the last few decades, we have launched several space stations orbiting the earth. And a number of astronauts have spent many months on them in a zero gravity environment. These astronauts have learned to use
托福TPO36听力文本+题目+答案+MP3音频下载
托福TPO36听力文本+题目+答案+MP3音频下载 上海新航道整理! 由于托福TPO听力36文本已经很长了，此文档不包含托福听力TPO36题目+答案， 托福TPO36MP3题目+答案+音频下载，请移步：https://www.360docs.net/doc/911727465.html,/toefl/tpotingli/596362.html 托福TPO听力1-48文本查看及下载，请移步：https://www.360docs.net/doc/911727465.html,/toefl/tpotingli/ 更多托福TPO查看，请点击：托福TPO写作大全托福TPO口语大全托福TPO阅读大全 Conversation 1 Listen to a conversation between a student and an admission officer at City College. Student: Hi, can I ask you a few questions about starting classes during your summer session? Q1 Admission officer: Sure, ask away. It starts next week, you know. Student: Yeah, and I wanted to get some required courses out of the way, so I can, maybe I can graduate one term earlier and get out into the job market sooner. Q2 Admission officer: That sounds like a good idea. Let me pull up the summer school database on my computer here. Student: Ok. Admission officer: OK, here it is. What?s your student ID number? Student: Oh, well, the thing is, I?m no t actually admitted here. I will be starting school upstate at Hooper University in the fall, but I?m down here for the summer staying with my grandparents, …cause I have a summer job near here. Admission officer: Oh, I see. Well. Student: So I?m out of lu ck? Admission officer: Well, you would be if you were starting anywhere but Hooper, but City College has a sort of special relationship with Hooper, a full exchange agreement. So our students can take classes at Hooper, and vice versa.Q5 So if you can show me proof, eh, your admissions letter from Hooper, then I can get you into our system here and give you an ID number. Student: Oh, cool. So, um, I wanna take a math course and a science course, preferably biology, and I was also hoping to get my English Composition Course out of the way, too. Admission officer: Well, all three of those courses are offered in the summer, but you?ve got to understand that summer courses are condensed. You need longer hours and the assignments are doubled up because it?s the s ame