南外初二入学测试

新初二英语测试

I. Listening Comprehension (30分)

略

II. Grammar and vocabulary: (24分)

25. The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access ________ the

building on fire.

A. toward

B. to

C. of

D. into

26. A few years ago, scientists in the Antarctic became aware of ________ in the ozone

layer.

A. holes growing

B. holes to grow

C. holes’ being grown

D. holes to be grown

27. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, ______it?

A. hasn’t

B. wasn’t

C. didn’t

D. mustn’t

28. When I finished the story, Lee jumped up from his seat and started pacing the floor,

________, deep in thought.

A．with his head bending B. his head is bent

C. his head bending

D. his head bent

29. I don’t want __________any misunderstanding.

A. being

B. there being

C. there to be

D. there having been

30. _______you return those books to the library immediately, you will have to pay a

fine.

A. Until

B. Unless

C. If

D. Provided

31. You will be expected to practise at home and know by heart _________ you have

learned today next time you come to class.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where

32. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _________ have taken it?

A. should

B. must

C. could

D. would

33. For a long time we that going to university and getting a degree will

ensure a financially stable future .

A. are told

B. have told

C. have been told

D. tell

34. I in Microsoft Company for many years, but I have never regretted my

final decisin to switch to Apple Company.

A. had worked

B. have worked

C. have been working

D. worked

35. Elizabeth could not refuse, ______she foresaw little pleasure in the visit.

A. since

B. for

C. though

D. when

36. Despite the fact that they feel stressed, exhausted, and even sick, motivated by the

high level of competition, students take necessary to keep up with their routine.

A. whatever steps

B. what steps

C. no matter what steps

D. no matter how steps

37. The students are encouraged to read such books _______ good for them in forming

good habits.

A. that are

B. as they are

C. as are

D. that they are

38. Please tell my friend your interesting experience exactly _______you have told it to

me.

A. as

B. that

C. the same as

D. and

39. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they

can be controlled on purpose.

A. with which

B. to which

C. of which

D. for which

40. _______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when

they had a picnic in the forest.

A. Not only they brought

B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they

D. Not only they did bring

41. --- In modem times，girls like beautiful clothes.

--- Yes, _____ and ______. After all, our life has greatly improved.

A. so do they，so do you

B. so they do，so you do

C. so do they，so you do

D. so they do, so do you

42. It was the young man ___ had been looking for ___ caught the murderer.

A. that; who

B. that; they

C. they; that

D. they ; which

43. The popular media ______ these findings widely, which directly affects the

consumers’ behavior.

A. recycle

B. hold

C. publicize

D. wrap

44. environmental distruction, Saleem making profits.

A. In spite of, was obsessed of

B. Regardless of, was obsessed with

C. Despite of, had an obsession with

D. For all, had an obsession of

45. The inside surface is resistant to water, so the coat can be when it

rains.

A. deserved

B. reversed

C. reserved

D. preserved

46. We should carefully _________ the case, and we cannot declare the matter closed

before it is thoroughly settled.

A. delay

B. claim

C. remind

D. investigate

47. From our _______, becoming rich is really a matter of choice.

A. association

B. guesswork

C. perspective

D. opinion

48. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are ________.

A. unavoidable

B. invisible

C. inaccessible

D. unavailable

III. Complete the passage with the proper words in the box. Each word can only be

There are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. That’s not a big number _49_ to the city’s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that it’s not the number of cars on the road, but the _50_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.

According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of

driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _51_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, _52_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _53_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal.

There are new regulations _54_ at making it more difficult for people to get a driver’s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai’s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _55_ in drivers’ attitudes. There seems to be a lack of concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _56_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.

A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _57_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai’s streets can become truly safe.

IV. Cloze (15分)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” Laughter does _58_ short-term changes in cardiovascular(心血管的) function and respiration, boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to last, a good guffaw（loud laugh）is unlikely to have _59 cardiovascular benefits the way walking or jogging does。

_60_, instead of building up muscles, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _61_. Studies _62_ back to the 1930s indicate that laughter _63_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone（肌肉紧张度）for up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides。

Such physical relaxation might help _64_ psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical feedback that _65_ an individual’s emotional stat e. _66_ one classical theory , our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. American psychologist William James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _67 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow。

Although sadness also goes before tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to _68_ a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a _69_ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles _70_ more energetically to funny cartoons than those whose mouths were contracted in a frown（皱眉）did, suggesting that expressions may influence _71_ rather than just the other way around. _72_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood。

58. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce

59. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable

60. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief

61. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected

62. A. dating B. dated C. to date D. date

63. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes

64. A. cause B. generate C. relieve D. produce

65. A. improve B. decrease C. relax D. increase

66. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for

67. A. unless B. until C. if D. because

68. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold

69. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent

70. A. adapted B. adjust C. turned D. reacted

71. A. emotions B. motions C. movement D. motive

72. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Comparatively

V. Reading comprehension (27分)

A

Last week I visited one of my old neighborhoods in Washington D.C. I had not been there for twenty years and as I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by memories of the past. I saw the old apartment building where I had lived and the playground where I had played. As I viewed these once familiar surroundings, images of myself as a child there came to mind. However, what I saw and what I remembered were not the same. I sadly realized that the best memories are those left untouched.

My old apartment building, as I remember, was bright and alive. It was more than just a place to live. It was a movie house, a space station, or whatever my young mind could imagine. I would steal away with my friends and play in the basement. This was always exciting because it was so cool and dark, and there were so many things there to hide among. There was a small river in the back of the building. We would go there to lie in the shade of trees and enjoy ourselves.

However, what I saw was completely different. The apartment building was now in disrepair. What was once more than a place to live looked hardly worth living in. The windows were all broken. The once clean walls were covered with dirty marks. The river was hardly recognizable. The water was polluted and the trees and flowers were all dead. The once sweet-smelling river now smelled terrible. It was really heartbreaking to see all this.

I do not regret having seen my old neighborhood. However, I do not think my innocent childhood memories can ever be the same. I suppose it is true when they say, “You can never go home again.”

73. In the first two paragraphs of the passage the writer tries to tell us that ________.

A. he had lived in Washington D.C. for twenty years

B. he was very imaginative when he was a child

C. he had had pleasant memories of his old neighborhood

D. he had come from a very poor neighborhood

74. How did the writer feel when he visited his old neighborhood in Washington D.C.?

A. Greatly surprised.

B. Very regretful.

C. Quite excited.

D. Very sad.

75. On his visit to his hometown, the writer found the old apartment building

________.

A. seemed unfit to live in

B. had been repaired

C. could hardly be recognized

D. looked dirty and smelt horrible

76. “You can never go home again” in the last sentence of this passage means that

________.

A. one should never revisit his hometown after many years of absence

B. one will never find his hometown the same as it was in his childhood memory

C. a visit to one’s hometown will bring back one’s pleasant memories of home

D. a visit to one’s hometown will bring back many sad memories

B

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed．It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive．

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors．There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory．The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”．Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors．That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory．Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts．

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior．

Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior．In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes．That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．

77．Which of the follow ing statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?

A．A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions．

B．Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality．C．Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act．

D．The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act．

78．Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article ．A．supports the nature theory

B．supports the nurture theory

C．believes both are completely wrong

D．thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories．

79．In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests．With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks．B．Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment．

C．Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and

environmental advantages that Whites enjoy．

D．Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites．

C

In Google’s vision of the future, people will be able to translate documents instantly into the world’s main languages with machi ne logic, not expert linguists, leading the way.

Google’s approach, called statistical(统计的) machine translation, differs from past efforts in which it does without language experts who program grammatical rules and dictionaries into computers. Instead, they feed documents humans have already translated into two languages and then rely on computers to decide patterns for future translations.

Though the quality is not perfect, it is an improvement on previous efforts at machine translation, said Franz Och, 35, a German who heads Google’s translation effort at its Mountain View headquarters south of San Francisco. “Some people who have been in machine translations for a long time see our Arabic-English output, and then they say, that’s amazing; that’s a breakth rough(突破).” Said Och. “And then other people who have never seen what machine translation was read through the sentence and they say, the first mistake here in Line Five－it doesn’t seem to work because there is a mistake there.”

But for some tasks, a mostly correct translation may be good enough. Speaking over lunch this week in a Google cafeteria famed for offering free, healthy food, Och showed a translation of an Arabic Web news site into easily digestible English.

Two Google workers speaking Russian at a nearby table said, however, that a translation of a news site from English into their native tongue was understandable but a bit awkward. Och, who speaks German, English and some Italian, feeds hundreds of millions of words from parallel texts such as Arabic and English into the computer, using United Nations and European Union documents as key sources.

Languages without considerable translated texts, such as some African languages, face greater obstacles. “The more data we feed into the system, the better it gets.” said Och, who moved to the United States from Germany in 2002.

The program applies statistical analysis, an approach he hopes will avoid diplomatic embarrassing mistakes in diplomatic situations, such as when Russian leader Putin’s translator a nnoyed then German Chancellor(总理) Gerhard Schroeder by calling him the German “Fuhrer (“leader” in English),” which is forbidden in that context

because of its association with Adolf Hitler.

“I would hope that the language model would say, well, Schroeder is…very rare but Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schroeder is probably 100 times more frequent than Fuhrer and then it would make the right decision.” Och said.

80. In what way is “Google’s machine translation” different from previous ones?

A. Linguists guide the computer translation on Google.

B. International official papers are programmed as its major sources.

C. Rules and dictionaries are fed into computers to support it.

D. Google daily updates the program of this computer translation.

81. We can learn from the passage that users ___________.

A. think highly of Google’s new approach

B. criticize it for its broken translation

C. hope Google can perfect it before launching

D. hold different opinions towards Google’s new approach

82. Why are there more troubles in translations relating to African languages?

A. Most of the translated materials are not properly translated.

B. The computer programmers know little of African languages.

C. It’s hard to find enough African translation documents.

D. The UN and EU failed to provide translated African documents.

83. Statistical analysis in this passage is conducted by ________.

A. hiring people who speak different languages

B. counting how frequently a word is used in the language

C. using the computer with its own grammatical rules

D. reminding users of the likely embarrassing mistakes

D

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-AC

today. It used to be practiced by the ancient Polynesians, but since the 1960s anyone and everyone can go

their time travelling around the planet in search of the perfect wave. Typically, the average surfer i s a relaxed type of person: they say it’s something about the art of catching waves and being out in the elements that makes you feel very relaxed. Surfers greet each other by saying “Howzit?” (a bit like “How’s it going?”) and sometimes call each other “bru” or “brah” from the Hawaiian word for brother, “braddah”. British

Anywhere that has a coastline with big waves is home to surfers. Half of Australia’s coastline is surfable so there are lots of Australian surfers. Hawaii is where the sport was invented and the current champion is Hawaiian Sunny Garcia. A lot of surfers also come from California and New Zealand. There are even surfers in the UK who hang out

start on short boards. Long boards and guns are only for experienced surfers catching huge waves. You also have to be a very strong swimmer:

beginner. Waves vary in size during different seasons and even at different times of the day, so watch out! Surfing can be dangerous and you need advice from someone experienced. More experienced surfers catch waves at point and reef breaks. They are away from the coast, and the swell comes deep from the ocean. Point breaks are waves bent because of the shape of the land beneath the ocean, and reef breaks are shaped

The main thing most surfers have to worry about is their own board or other surfers’ boards. Great white sharks, stingrays and deadly jellyfish are also not friendly to surfers, but actually running into one of these is quite rare.

VI. Translation (20分)

1. 他的同事自认为高人一等。（superior）

2. 众所周知，蓝色使人联想到安全。（associate）

3. 你意识到你的所作所为是对环境的极大威胁吗？（aware）

4. 说到包装问题，你能告诉我你通常是怎么处理那些包装材料的？(packaging）

5. 为了鼓励遇到挫折的年轻人坚持他们的理想，那画家用他的余生写了一部基于他自身经历的小说。(encourage)

VII. Guided writing (25分)

Directions:Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

如今，网络学习（e-learning）作为一种新的求知手段逐渐兴起，你是否会接受这样的学习模式，谈谈你的看法.

Keys

1-5 CDADB 6-10 DCBCA 11-16 CABAAC

17. composition 18. trip 19. Egypt 20. classmates/ schoolmates

21. computer programming 22. data processing

23. fifteen/15 weeks 24. (That’s )$300

25-30 BACDCB 31-35 CCCDC 36-40 ACABB

41-45 DCCBB 46-48 DCB

49-57 AC/BC/A/B/BD/C/AB/CD/D

58-62 D A B A A 63-67 D C A B D 68-72 D A D A C

73-76 CDAB 77-79 C D B 80-83 BDCB 84-88 C/AB/A/D/B Translation

1. His colleague thinks himself to be superior to others.

2. It is known to us all that blue is associated with safety.

3. Are you aware that what you did is a great threat to the environment?

4. When it comes to /Talking of/Speaking of the problem of packaging, can you tell me what /how you usually do with/deal with the packaging materials?

5. To encourage the young men who meet with failures to stick to their ambitions, the painter spent the rest of his life in writing a novel based on his own life experience.