2015年12月大学英语四级考试冲刺试题

大学英语四级考试冲刺试题一

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common 36_________

range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话) another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study 37 on Tuesday.

Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.

As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted 39_________ .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 40________ to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get 42_________ to someone higher up or get a better position.

An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers

aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 43_________to attend.

Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least

once a month.

The survey was 45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time

employees.

ees.

A) bond I) conducted

B ) acknowledged J) idly

C) nearlyK) unprofessionally

D) specially L) networking

E) anywhereM) released

F) mishapsN) confessed

G) obligated O) researched

H) likely

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared

A) Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had tobecome a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," saysBaldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her fathercouldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchiwasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, ismarried and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems thatmake it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to findhelp."

B) With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you planintellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two monthsafter her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans providefamily caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.

C) While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority tomake financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at GenserDubowGenser&Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says https://www.360docs.net/doc/9310179414.html,.

D) It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation.Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomeyinGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Oenworth.

E) Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.

F) Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isn't covered by Medicaid.

G) If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.

H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It'severything," she says.

I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Conasays.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now."

46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.

47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children's financial motives.

48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.

49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone tomake decisions regarding medical treatment.

50. Baldocehi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.

51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.

52. Ifa family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.

53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or.become depressed.

54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent's legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.

55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A ), B ), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary forcollege students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or her ownmicrocomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?

Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to writepapers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most ,find revising and editingmuch easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite orre-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as isnecessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English cottrses require the useof a word processor.

Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basicskills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instrnction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improvetheir proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.

Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, forexample, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn tointerpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.

Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable tomany aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find thatknowledge of computer graphic is important Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers,while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.

It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A Versatile

tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.

56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) means _________

A) the ability to read and write

B) the ability to use

C) literature

D) the knowledge of language

57. The main purpose of this passage is to _________

A) persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroom

B) analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college students

C) identify some of the ways that computers benefit college students

D) describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages

58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to_________

A) revise papers

B) retype papers

C) reduce the psychological burden of writing papers

D) improve the writing skills of a student

59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of_________

A) cause-effect analysis

C) inductionB) comparison and contrast

D) examples

60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is _________

A) to learn something

B) to perfect themselves

C) to improve computer skills

D) to make the best use of computers

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult ( 迷信) of the unfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.

The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken

English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.

The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit'laekofcommunication', and larded (夹杂) with the obscenities (下流的话) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.

But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aider years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.

61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both _________

A) occasionally aim at a certain fluidity

B ) appear to shun perfection

C) from time to time show regard for the finishing touch

D) make use of economical short cuts

62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6-7, Paragraph 1 ) means_________

A) an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standards

B) an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferior

C) the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenliness

D) artistic expression is inhibited by too many rules

63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which _________

A) is incoherent and linguistically objectionable

B) is far too ungrammatical for most people to follow

C) unintentionally shocks the audience

D) tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies

64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC _________

A) is the worst among all broadcasting networks

C) has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960s

B) has raised English-speaking up to a new level

D) is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys

65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since_________

A)they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays

B) they fear the children may become less coherent

C) more importance is now attached to oral expression

D) the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas

大学英语四级考试冲刺试题一答案精析

Part III Reading Comprehension

SeetionA

【参考译文】

据本周二[37]发布的一项调查显示，美国有五分之一的员工会定期在下班后跟同事去喝几杯，每当这个时候，诸如说其他同事的坏话、亲吻某位同事以及醉酒等最常见的[36]糗事就要上演了。

这项为在线职业网站CareerBuilder．com所做的调查表明，虽然去参加所谓“欢乐时光”的人中有15％是去搜罗最新的办公室流言，13％是迫于无奈才去的，大多数员工去那里都是为了[38]拉近同事关系。当被问及在下班后的欢饮时光都会做些什么的时候，有l6％的人说会讲同事的坏话，l0％的人会散播某位同事的秘密，8％的人会亲吻某位同事，还有8％的人表示他们会喝醉酒，做出[39]反常的举动。有5％的人说他们会散播一些跟公司有关的秘密，另有4％的人[40]表示会唱卡拉0K。

参加者当中有21％表示此类活动对[41]人际关系有益，85％的人则表示参加此类活动并不能让他们跟某些高层人士更加[42]接近，也不会对他们升职有什么帮助。

男性和女性跟同事共赴“欢乐时光”的人数是一样的，年龄在25到34岁之间的年轻员工是最有可能

参加此类活动的人群，而55岁以上的员工参加的[43]可能性是最低的。

总的来说，有21％的员工下班后会与同事共赴“欢乐时光”，而他们当中有[44]将近四分之一的人每月至少去一次。

这项调查是哈里斯互动公司代表CareerBuilder．corn通过网络[45]进行的，共有6987名全职雇员参加。

【答案解析】

36．F

语法判断：空格前是conllnon，空格后是rangefrom，故应填入名词。

语义判断：备选项中是名词或可用作名词的有：bond、anywhere、mishaps和networkin9。将四个单词分别代入空格处，可知“mishaps(不幸的事，糗事)”为最佳选项。

37．M

语法判断：空格前是accordingto a study，空格后是onTuesday，空格中所填入的词应和onTuesday-起构成a study的后置定语对其进行修饰。

语义判断：根据上下文，此处句意应为“据本周二发布的一项调查显示”。released为最佳答案。38．A

语法判断：空格前是t0，不定式结构用作目的状语，故应填入动词原形，另需注意空格后为withcolleagues，因此所填入的动词应能与with搭配。

语义判断：备选项中是动词原形的只有bond，用作动词时．其意为“(与某人)培养关系”，符合题意。

39．K

语法判断：空格后句子结束，线索在空格前的dranktoomuch and acted。故判断应填入副词。语义判断：备选项中是副词的有：nearly、specially、anywhere、idly和unprofessionally，综合来看，unprofessionally符合题意。

40．N

语法判断：空格前为and4 percent，空格所在句子后半部分与前半部分应为and连接的并列分句，前一分句说5percent said…空格所在分句说4percent——…根据并列结构的特征，填入的应为动词且应为过去式，并能够和后面的介词to搭配。

语义判断：备选项中是动词并且是过去式的还有：acknowledged、obligated、conducted、confessed和researched，这其中acknowledged的迷惑性最强，其意似乎可行，但从语法上来讲，和后面的介词t0无法搭配。而confessed既合语义，又合语法。

41．L

语法判断：空格前为happy hours are good for。故应填入名词。

语义判断：备选项中是名词或可以用作名词的选项只剩下两个：anywhere和networkin9。“networking(人际关系)”符合题意，故为正确答案。

42．E

语法判断：空格前为attending had not helped them get，空格后为to someone higher up or get a betterposition。空格中填入的应为副词。

语义判断：备选项中是副词的还有：nearly、specially、anywhere、idly。将四项代入空格处，根据上下文语意可知，anywhere应为正确选项。get anywhere为惯用搭配，意为“有结果，有进展”。

43．H

语法判断：空格前为withyoungerworkers aged25t034mostlikelyandworkers over 55least。and 连接两个并列结构，故应填入的词汇应充分考虑前面的mostlikely。

语义判断：根据上下文推测，此处句意应为：“年龄在25到34岁之间的年轻员工是最有可能参加此类活动的人群，而55岁以上的员工参加的可能性是最低的。”此处前后对照，说年

轻的最有可能去参加，而55岁以上的员工最不可能参加。因此likely为正确答案。

44．C

语法判断：从空格前后来看，句子成分并不残缺，因此填入的应为副词。

语义判断：备选项中是副词的还有：nearly、specially、idly，而本句意为：“总的来说，有21％的员工下班后会与同事共赴‘欢乐时光’，而他们当中有将近四分之一的人每月至少去一次。”综合考虑，nearly(将近)符合题意。

45．I

语法判断：空格前为The survey was，空格后为online by…。此句应为被动语态，空格中填入的应为过去分词。

语义判断：备选项中可能是过去分词的还有：acknowledged、obligated、conducted和researched。分别代入空格处可知conducted最合题意，表示“进行(调查)”。

Section B

【答案解析】

46．G

解析：题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是将他们送到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词live athome safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，G段提到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择…可以改变他们的家以适合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题于是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。

47．D

解析：题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金钱方面的动机。注意抓住题干中的关键词talk aboutlong．termcare、suspicious o{．和financialmotives。文章段落中，D段提到了谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。

48．H

解析：题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多责任。注意抓住题干中的关键词planning for finances or medical care和many other responsibilities。文章段落中，H段首先就提到了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题都要考虑到。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。

49．C

解析：题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。注意抓住题予中的关键词adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcareproxy。文章段落中，只有C段提到了这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该包含a durable power of attorney、a healthcare proxy和a living will。在争绍health care proxy时提到，它与durable power ofattorney相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为c。

50．A

解析：题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住题干中的关键词Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有几段都提到了Baldocchi，但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但自已照顾母亲又有困难的只有A段。题干内容是对原文第

一段的总结，故答案为A。

51．B

解析：题干意为，2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。题干中的关键词为Over42million caregivers和help all adultwith everyday activities。文章段落中，B段倒数第三句提到了More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with dailyactivities，其中More than 42 million和daily activities分别与题干中的Over 42 million和everydayactivities为同义互换。故答案为B。

52．D

解析：题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。注意抓住题干中的关键词sort outdisagreements和call on。文章段落中，D段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。

53．I

解析：题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者变得心情抑郁。注意抓住题干中的关键词theirownhealth、bumout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是l段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以上的女性护理人员的调查显示，有20％的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转述，故答案为l。题干中的pay attentiontotheirownhealth和原文中的watchtheirownhealth对应。

54．C

解析：题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需要向法庭申请。注意抓住题干中的关键词petition the court、parent’S legal guardian和no advance directive。本题比较简单，这几个关键词均在文章c段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Without all advance directive，the familywill have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’S legal guardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。

55．F

解析：题干意为，2011年，全国生活协助的平均花费为39，135美元，而且这项花费也不在医疗补助计划的范围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在F段出现了2011和$39，135这两个关键词，并且后面也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可知．题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。

Section C

Passage One【参考译文】

[56]现在．越来越多的教育专家认为大学生一定要懂电脑。甚至还有许多人认为每个大学新生都应该随时能使用自己的电脑。那么。电脑能够给大学生带来什么好处呢?

任何一个使用过word程序的人都知道使用电脑的一个必要原因：写论文。[58]虽然并非所有学生都喜欢在word文档里写东西，但是大部分学生都发现在电脑上进行修改和编辑更加容易。只需按下几个键，你就可以修改、插入或者删除，无需重写或重新输入。此外，由于这种修改并不怎么烦累，学生更有可能经常修改，从而完成一篇质量最高的论文。因此，很多为大一新生开设的英文课程都要求学生使用word程序。

电脑对于语言课程也是非常有用的，它们能帮助学生训练基本的语言能力。软件程序为非母语英语课程，同时还有法语、德语、西班牙语以及其他语种的课程的教育带来了方便。通过定期使用这些程序，学生可以根据自己的进度提高语言水平。

理科类学生可以用电脑做很多事情。比如，利用电脑的绘图功能，生物专业的学生可以

描述和分析不同植物的生长模式。医学专业的学生可以学会利用电脑合成的图片来了解人体的内部构造。运用电脑，物理专业的学生进行复杂的计算可以比在没有电脑时快得多。

同样，商务和会计专业的学生会发现，他们作业的很多方面都离不开电脑上的电子制表软件；而想从事平面造型艺术、市场营销和公关工作的学生会发现懂电脑绘图很重要。教育学专业的学生学习用电脑开发评分系统，而社会科学专业的学生使用电脑对研究结果进行分析，并将研究结果以图表的形式呈现。综上所述，难怪教育专家会赞成学生购买和使用个人电脑。[60]作为一种多功能工具．电脑能够帮助学生学习。毕竟，这也就是读大学的原因。

【答案解析】

56．B

定位：根据题干信息可将答案直接定位到第一段第一句。

解析：literacy最基本的意思是me ability to read and write，但在本文中的literacy出现于第一段：Educators today fire more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for collegestudents，因此．此处literacy引申为“使用的能力”。故选B。

57．C

定位：根据题干信息main purpose of this passage可知解答本题需要通观全文。

解析：在文章开头处作者提到：“现在，越来越多的教育专家认为大学生一定要懂电脑。甚至还有许多人认为每个大学新生都应该随时能使用电脑。那么，电脑能够给大学生带来什么好处呢?”显然，作者下面要讲的就是拥有电脑对大学生的多种好处。故c为正确选项。B 项也比较有迷惑性，但文章并未提到disadvantages，故排除。

58。A

定位：根据题干信息wordprocessorcanbeusedto可将答案定位到第二段第二、三句。

解析：第二段提到：“虽然并非所有学生都喜欢在word文档里写东西，但是大部分学生都发现在电脑上进行修改和编辑更加容易。只需按下几个键，你就可以修改、插入或者删除，无需重写或重新输入。”可见，word程序能帮助学生编辑论文。故选A。

59．D

定位：根据题干信息the writer’s argument is developed primarily through可知解答本题需要通观全文。

解析：作者为了说明自己的论点，即“拥有电脑对大学生的多种好处”，举了很多例子：他首先指出电脑在写论文时的用途，接着说明电脑在语言学习中的用途，然后叉说明了电脑对理科学生的重要性，最后还说明其对商务专业、会计专业、教育学以及社会科学等专业的学生有何帮助。故选D。因果分析、比较对比、归纳总结等写作方式不是本文的主要写作方式。

60．A

定位：根据题干信息me reason for students to go to college可将答案定位到文章最后一段。

解析：文章在举例说明了电脑对各专业学生的帮助之后，再次回到首段中提到的观点，即教育专家为什么支持学生使用电脑。作者总结道：“作为一种多功能工具，电脑能够帮助学生学习。毕竟，这也就是读大学的原因。”可见上大学的终极目标也就是学习。故选A。

Passage Two

【参考译文】语言是而且也应该是活的，不断有新的词汇和表达形式来使其丰富完善。但是发展有好有坏，两种发展有着很大区别。前者为语言注入新的东西，让我们能够表达出之前不能表达的东西，而后者就不一样了，它通过减弱语言的精准度而降低语言层次。对词汇灵活、生动的使用同对词；l2邋遢、马虎的使用是不可混为一谈的。[61]有些语言工作者

在意大量以邋遢、马虎的方式使用词汇，他们的这种做法同狂热地迷信艺术品不重要润饰的做法很相似，而艺术品不润饰的做法也逐渐毁掉了我们这个时代的艺术品。[62]对于这种现象，鲤决的方法同艺术创作是一样的：规则是对艺术的促进，而不是对艺术的阻碍。用黄油采雕刻永远也做不出令人满意的艺术品。

伴随着书面英语的惨淡现状，英语口浯的水平更是大大降低了。我们现在说的l2'语要比一两代之前接受普通教育的英国人差很多。

我们对语言的欣赏水平越来越差，这一点，现代剧院难辞其咎。[63]比以前吐字极为清晰的戏剧语言．例如萧伯纳戏剧的语言(他本人说话时也坚持良好的发音)．现代观众不得不接受的是勉强识字的人所表述的信息，而且常常被拙劣地设盐成“(现代人)沟通缺乏”的体现，很多时候还夹垒羞缺乏教养的下流言语和语法错误。埃米莉·波斯特曾建议她的读者：“剧院是你最有可能听得到清晰纯正发音的场所了。”唉，如今已然不是了。最近有报道称．为了在表演中更入戏，一名年轻女演员正在上专门教授低劣言辞的课。

但最糟糕的背叛者要数BBC了。[64]BBC萱多生如一日地帮助提升英语的口语标准，并且卓有成效，但是随后它就突然倒行逆施了。诚如英国发音部门负责人所合蓄表示的那样：“20世纪60生代，BBC开始向更广泛的讲话者人群开放。”听BBC音乐节目主持人与猿猴一般的最新流行偶像做访谈节目，绝对是一场震撼身心的言语悲剧。不仅如此，将来的情形似乎更糟。[65j现在鲎校都积极鼓励老师们不要苛责小孩子语法不连贯、拼写糟糕、发音蹩脚，因为他们担心那样做可能会扼杀孩予的创造天赋。

【答案解析】61,B

定位：根据题干信息词slovenliness和arts可将答案定位到第一段第四句。

解析：该句提到：“有些语言工作者有意大量以邋遢、马虎的方式使用词汇，他们的这种做法同狂热地迷信艺术品不需要润饰的做法很相似。”可见二者的共同点在于都不追求完美。故选B。

62．A

定位：根据题干信息可直接将答案定位到第一段倒数第二句。

解析：第一段倒数第二句提到：And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced，not hindered，bydiscipline．从字面理解这句话，其意为：“……规则是对艺术的促进，而不是对艺术的阻碍。”即：没有规矩，不成方圆；遵守规范，才会有更好的艺术。紧接着的下一句“You cannot calve satisfactorilyinbuyer．(用黄油来雕刻永远也做不出令人满意的艺术品)”将此意说得更明白透彻。故选A。

63．A

定位：根据题干信息modern plays可将答案定位到第三段第二句。

解析：本题是问现代戏剧语言具有怎样的特点。第三段第二句提到：“相比以前吐字极为清晰的戏剧语言，现代观众不得不接受的是勉强识字的人所表述的信息。而且常常被拙劣地设计成‘(现代人)沟通缺乏’的体现，很多时候还夹杂着缺乏教养的下流言语和语法错误。”故A为正确答案。incoherent和linguisticallY objectionable是对文申strearns of barely literate trivia的同义转述。

64．C

定位：根据题干信息词BBC可将答案定位到最后一段前半部分。

解析：原文提到，BBC曾多年如一日地帮助提升英语的口语标准，并且卓有成效，但是随后它就突然倒行逆施了。自20世纪60年代起，BBC开始向更广泛的讲话者人群开放。听BBC音乐节目主持人与猿猴一般的最新流行偶像做访谈节目，绝对是一场震撼身心的言语悲剧。可见，BBC主持语言的水平从20世纪60年代起就急转直下，故选c。

65．D

定位：根据题干信息teachers和linguistic lapses in their pupils可将答案定位到文章最后一句。

解析：文章最后提到：“现在学校都积极鼓励老师们不要苛责小孩子语法不连贯、拼写糟糕、发音蹩脚，因为他们担心那样做可能会扼杀孩子的创造天赋。”也就是说，老师们害怕过多地纠正小学生的语言问题会使他们不再勇于表达自己的观点。故选D。

2015英语四级小题训练（二）

PART 1 Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.

As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __1__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __2__ of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. groups of children __3__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.

The classroom __4__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __5__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __6__toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __7__ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __8__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the __9__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __10__ school.

PART 2Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.

The Art of Friendship

A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.

B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way

that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.

C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.

D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."

E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.

F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.

G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.

H) HarleneKatzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.

I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to

go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.

J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project

46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.

47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.

48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.

49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.

50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.

51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.

52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.

53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.

55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life. PART 3 Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice 。

Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found”are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisementif it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches

the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising?

1. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that ____.

A) classified advertisement charges less money

B) it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers

C) it provides more information for the readers

D) it does not have to rely too much on display type

2. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is ____

A) houses for sale

B) people who are asking for help

C) people who are lost

D) job vacancies

3. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to the writer?

A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.

B) They are looking for something they need.

C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.

D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.

4．According to the passage, in which way have the classified advertisements changed nowadays?

A) They depend more on display type.

B) More money is charged for them.

C) They are divided into more groups.

D) They are less formal.

5．Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?

A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.

B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.

C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.

D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers.

Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the

water in an upright or slightly backward position. Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

1. The passage is mainly about____.

A) the uses of life preservers

B) the design of life preservers

C) the materials for life preservers

D) the buoyancy of life preservers

2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

A) with as few strings as possible

B) capable of being worn on both sides

C) according to each wearer's size

D) comfortable and light to wear

4. By “the uninitiated individual”(Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

C) who uses a life preserver without permission

D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

A) The waves would move him backwards.

B) The water would choke him.

C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

信息匹配：46-55 C I A D G J B F E H

答案详解：

A)数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康；我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话，却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那些老朋友们，从大学

甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环境一并带走了。

B)研究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当短暂。l521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷油的想法是错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样——有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确，我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。当然它的消极一面就是我感到非常害怕。

C)毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一——这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导演，也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人成为朋友。你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才能成为朋友。Danzi9说，“有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”

D)一开始的时候，寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗?”。【49】每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说：“你是在问：‘你愿意参与到我的生活中吗?’这使我们局促不安。”

E)幸运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢?我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54】到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够吸引对方的东西。

F)事实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。

G)令人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素—～否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，‘对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。“周围的人都告诫我要警惕。但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。

H)41岁的HarleneKatzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候，最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。

I)【47】新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人，Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她保持身材。

J)当你忙着结交新朋友时，请记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请Maria Paul，《友谊的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情》的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要(委婉地)告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要

重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的怪癖～她经常迟到或者她有一点消极——以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。

46．Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some reasons．LeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。

【解析】C)。细节题。根据句子关键词Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middle age 可定位至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要。一些理由。

47．A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like．选择得当的新朋友能帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。

【解析】I)。细节题。根据句子关键词a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。

48．A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable．

数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。

【解析】A)。归纳题。根据句子关键词a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。

49．According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends．

KathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，

【解析】D)。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。该段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。

50．Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU’ve made in your life．

中年友谊可以帮你认清生活前进的方向和巩固进步。

【解析】G)。细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。

5 1．In Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her／his good dressing and job．Maria Paul的书中写到，要成为更好的朋友，你应该和朋友保持联系，关心朋友的工作，表达自己的思想，包容朋友的缺点，赞扬朋友。

【解析】J)。归纳题。根据句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结

52．For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9．

对作者来说，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的负面感受。

【解析】B)。细节题。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。

53．According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

Michelle Mertes认为中年友谊的基石是共同的价值观和参与的活动。

【解析】F)。细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。

54．As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace．

作为一名成熟的交友者，作者发现自己有足够的自信发出邀请和坦然接受拒绝。

【解析】E)。细节题。根据句子关键词a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。

55．With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life．和新朋友一起，你有机会呈现新面貌。

【解析】H)。细节题。根据句子关键词take on a new look可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Take on a new look和take over a new leaf是同类表述。

passage1答案与解析：

1. C 分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。

2. A 房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“Real Estate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A 正确。

3. B 当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。

4. A 根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。

5. D 因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention”，故选项D正确。

Passage2答案与解析：

1. B 文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。间接题型段首主旨题。C项和D项都是对救生衣设计中设计材料的说明。A项为陷阱，指救生衣的用途，尽管开头提到，但范围不着边际。故只有B是正确选项。

2. D 根据文章，救生衣首先会自动扶正。事实细节题。本文第三段主要讨论救生衣落水位置，应设计的能“自动扶正”,或稍向后仰。B项是对材料的描述，范围太窄，而A和C 不合题意，因此D是正确答案。

3. C 美国海岸巡逻队不需要救生衣根据穿戴者的尺寸生产。事实细节题。A项和B项都涉及method，其相关部分见最后一段第三句，A，B，D三项都是文章中提及的，C项与本题无关的内容，因此应该选C。

4. A “the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。语义指代题。根据文章最后一段第一句，我们可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正确选项。

5. D 如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么？细节辨别题。第三段第一句

后半句中a face-down position和本题中的in a wrong position相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。

选词填空：

1. E

2. C

3. O

4. F

5. L

6. I

7. J

8. G

9. A 10.K