现代中国物流发展情况1

随着世界经济的持续发展和科学技术的突飞猛进，现代物流作为现代经济的重要组成部

分和工业化进程中最为经济合理的综合服务模式，正在全球范围内得以迅速发展。我国政府有关部门和广大企业经过改革开放20年的经济高速发展时期，也越来越深刻地认识到现代物流对于经济发展的促进作用。

1、实现市场经济体制改革的目标需要发展现代物流

我国经济体制改革的目标，是建立社会主义市场经济体制。建立社会主义市场经济体制，必须发展社会化大生产，形成大市场、大流通、大交通，与之相适应，必须要有社会化的现代物流体系作为保障。传统的物流从“后勤服务”、“实物配送”起源，发展到今天将生产与消费之间的供应链全过程实现一体化，本身就是市场经济的产物。现代物流含有先进的组织管理方式和现代科技智能、信息手段、专业人才等，更是建立社会主义市场经济体制所不可缺少的。

2、继续坚持对外开放的基本国策需要发展现代物流

实行改革开放以来，中国经济与世界经济越来越紧密地融合在一起。外资企业的进入，一方面带来了现代物流的观念和先进的运作方式，另一方面，也迫切希望中国能有方便、及时、低成本、高效率的现代物流系统作为其跨国生产和营销的服务保障。过去主要依靠减免税收等优惠政策吸引外资的做法，已不能完全适应境外投资者的需求。我国加入世贸组织后，中国经济与世界经济的联系将更加密切，外资企业会更多地进入中国市场，中国企业及其产品也会更多地走向国际市场。面临这一必然趋势，同样需要发展现代物流。

3、加快国有企业改革和发展需要发展现代物流

现代物流已被广泛认为是企业在降低物质消耗、提高劳动生产率以外创造利润的第三重要源泉，也是企业降低生产经营成本、提高产品竞争力的重要环节。我国企业长期以来“重生产、轻物流”，对生产领域内的各个环节和企业内部管理比较重视，也有一定的基础。但对生产领域以外的采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节顾及甚少，可控能力十分有限。加上历史形成的条块分割体制，“大而全”、“小而全”、“自成体系”等传统观念，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷阱”中造成的损失和浪费难以计算。

4、中国经济的持续发展需要发展现代物流

当前我国经济生活中存在的首要问题是有效需求不足。进一步拉动内需，并带动社会投资和启动消费，是解决需求不足的有效措施。优化经济结构，促进产业优化升级，则是提高经济增长质量和效益的根本措施。现代物流在我国刚刚起步，潜在需求巨大，相对传统的物流业，它属于产业的优化升级；作为一个新兴产业，正好属于需要大力发展的第三产业，新

的经济增长点。因此，加快我国现代物流的发展，有利于提高生产与流通领域的集约化程度，改善粗放型的经营和管理方式，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展。

我国正处于发展现代物流的大好时期，人们的思想意识正在转变，基础设施条件日益完备。加快建立现代物流体系，加强现代物流的理论研究和实践探索，提高社会综合服务能力，构筑货畅其流、方便及时、经济合理、用户满意的物流环境，是我们面临的重要任务及工作目标。

第一，将现代物流作为国民经济发展的重要产业和新的增长点

从中央政府部门到地方各级政府，已充分认识到物流业在现代经济中的重要地位和作用。近年来，工业生产部门、内贸和外贸部门、交通运输部门，都加大了发展现代物流的工作力度，纷纷举办学习班、研讨会，组织人员到国外培训考察，指导所属行业企业向现代物流方向发展。中远集团、中外运集团、宝供集团、海尔集团、青啤集团、东风汽车集团等企业，从企业战略发展的角度认真研究后，已将企业的物流能力定位为企业竞争优势的核心能力。另据中国仓储协会今年3月组织的一次典型调查，反馈信息的企业中有45．3％的企业正在寻找新的物流代理商。由此可见，现代物流发展具有广阔的前景。

第二，企业应在现代物流的发展中发挥主体作用

在市场经济体制的条件下，企业是市场经济的主体。同样，在现代物流的发展中，企业理应成为现代物流发展的主体。发展现代物流固然需要政府部门的支持推动，但不能采用行政手段，而应主要通过市场规律来运作，以企业为主体来实现。工商企业作为物流服务的需求者，必须增强现代物流的意识，认识到物流与企业的整体工作紧密相关。搞好企业物流，优化供应链，企业不仅不会多花钱、增加支出，反而会节省经费、降低成本，提高产品附加值，增强企业竞争力。交通运输、仓储配送、货运代理、专业物流等企业作为物流服务的提供者，必须突破传统的经营观念和模式，以市场需求为导向，以用户满意为目标，提供全过程、全方位的现代物流服务。物流服务的方式、范围、品种、对象可以多种多样，不能强求一个模式。企业之间既是一种竞争关系，更是一种合作关系，优势互补、互利双赢是现代物流的“结果”。

第三，政府部门要为现代物流的发展创造有利条件

我国现代物流发展尚处于起步阶段，迫切需要政府部门的大力支持和推动。政府部门应通过政策引导、改进管理、搞好服务，为现代物流业的发展创造良好的宏观环境。政策引导，主要是制定促进发展、加快发展的有关政策和措施，为从事现代物流服务的企业提供宽松的外部环境，用发展的观点和办法解决存在的问题。改进管理，主要是调整管理思路和工作方

式，努力创造公平竞争、规范有序的市场环境，重点制止行业保护、地区封锁和有碍公平竞争的垄断行为，维护供需双方特别是用户一方的正当权益。搞好服务，主要是考虑我国的物流现状还不适应国民经济发展的需要，企业反映仍有许多困难和障碍。有关部门要从规划建设、技术改造、查验通关、交通管制、工商管理、财税金融等方面给以支持，帮助企业排忧解难，搞好协调服务。

第四，注意循序渐进，防止一哄而起

我国经济发展不平衡，东中西部之间存在差距，基础设施的条件和人们的思想观念也有区别。从目前发展趋势看，沿海和经济发展较快的地区物流需求比较旺盛，能够提供物流服务的企业和机会相对多些。因此，我们不能要求全国处于同一水平，大家都搞一个模式。虽然我们力争实现跨越式发展，但必须从实际出发，能快则快，不能快则慢一点，循序渐进、注重实效。

第五，学习借鉴先进经验，结合实际开拓创新

由于我国物流发展起步较晚，水平较低，学习借鉴发达国家和优强企业的先进经验，消化吸收已被实践证明的成功做法为我所用，是加快我国现代物流发展的一个好途径。在学习借鉴先进经验的同时，还应注意结合实际开拓创新。由于条件不同，服务对象不同，用户的要求不同，服务的内容和形式也会变化。

第六，加强宣传引导，加强研究探索，加强人才培养。

英文版：

With the continued rapid development of the world economy and science and technology, modern logistics as an important part of the modern economy.Points and the process of industrialization in the most economical integrated service model, is developing rapidly worldwide. Our Government Departments and enterprises through a period of reform and opening up 20 years of rapid economic development, more and more profound understanding of modern materials flow role in promoting economic development.

1, to achieve the goal of market economic reform requires the development of modern logistics

China's economic reform goal is to establish a socialist market economic system. Establishment of a socialist market economy, the need to develop large-scale socialized production and the formation of big market, big circulation, big traffic, with suitable, must be socialized modern logistics system as a safeguard. From traditional logistics "logistics", "physical delivery" originated, developed to supply chain between production and consumption of the whole process of integration itself is a product of the market economy. Modern logistics organization contains advanced management methods and modern technology intelligence, information tools, and other professionals, but also to establish a socialist market economic system indispensable.

2, continue to adhere to the basic state policy of opening up the development of modern logistics needs

Since the reform and opening up, China's economy and the world economy more closely together. Foreign-funded enterprises to enter, on the one hand brings ideas and advanced mode of operation of modern logistics, on the other hand, China is also eager to have a convenient, timely, cost-efficient logistics systems as their transnational production and marketing security services. Over the past mainly rely on tax breaks and other incentives to attract foreign investment approach can not fully meet the needs of foreign investors. After China's accession to the WTO, China's economic ties with the world economy will be more closely, more foreign companies will enter the Chinese market, Chinese enterprises and their products will be more towards the international market. Faced with this inevitable trend, we also need to develop modern logistics.

3, accelerate the reform and development of state-owned enterprises need to develop modern logistics

Modern logistics is widely considered to be in lower material consumption, improve labor productivity than to create profits for the third re-to the source, but also the production and operation enterprises to reduce costs, improve important aspects of product competitiveness. Chinese enterprises have long "heavy production, logistics and light "on the internal management of all aspects of production and enterprise in the field of comparative importance, but also has a solid foundation, but procurement of outside production areas, transportation, warehousing, agents, packaging, processing, distribution and other aspects to take into account very little control capability is very limited. Plus the history of the formation of the fragmented system, "large", "small", "self-contained" and other traditional values, losses and waste in the "Procurement black hole", "Logistics trap" in the cause of difficult to calculate.

4, China's sustained economic development needs of the development of modern logistics The most important issue in our economic life is the presence of the current lack of effective demand. Further stimulate domestic demand and stimulate social investment capital and start spending, is an effective measure of insufficient demand. Optimizing the economic structure, promote industrial upgrading, it is improving fundamental measure of the quality and efficiency of economic growth. Modern logistics in China has just started, the potential demand is huge, relatively traditional materials logistics industry, it belongs to the optimization and upgrading of industries; as an emerging industry, just belong to the need to develop the tertiary industry, new Economic growth. Therefore, accelerating the development of modern logistics, will help improve the intensification of production and circulation areas,improvement extensive business and management, and promote sustained, rapid and healthy development.

China is in a good period for the development of modern logistics, people's ideology is changing, increasingly comprehensive infrastructure conditions. Accelerate the establishment of a modern logistics system, strengthen theoretical study and practical exploration of modern logistics, improve social comprehensive service capabilities to build smooth flow of goods, to facilitate the timely, economical, user satisfaction with the logistics environment is an important task and objectives we face.

First, the modern logistics industry and as an important new growth point of national economic development

From the central government to local governments, have been fully aware of the important position and role of the logistics industry in the modern economy. In recent years, the industrial production sector, domestic and foreign trade sector, the transport sector, have increased efforts to develop modern logistics, have to hold classes, seminars, training of personnel to study abroad, guide enterprises to modern logistics Industry direction. COSCO, Sinotrans Group, PG Group, Haier Group, Tsingtao Beer Group, Dongfeng Motor Group and other companies, after careful study of the development from the perspective of corporate strategy, corporate logistics capability has been positioned as a core competency of competitive advantage. According to a representative survey China Warehousing Association in March this year, the organization, enterprise feedback 45.3% of companies are looking for new logistics agents. Thus, the development of modern logistics has broad prospects.

Second, enterprises should play the main role in the development of modern logistics in under the conditions of market economy, enterprises are the main market economy. Similarly, in the development of modern logistics, the enterprise

Should become the subject of modern logistics development. The development of modern logistics certainly need to support the promotion of government departments, but can not use the line political means, but primarily through the laws of the market should operate with enterprises as the main body to achieve. As businesses who need logistics services, must raise awareness of modern logistics, logistics and overall understanding of the enterprise are closely related. Improve enterprise logistics, supply chain optimization, companies will not only spend more, spend more, but will save money, reduce costs and improve value-added products to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Contributors transportation, warehousing and distribution, freight forwarding, logistics and professional services companies such as logistics, we must break through the traditional business concepts and models to market demand-oriented, customer satisfaction as the goal, the whole process of providing a full range of modern logistics services. Way of logistics services, the scope, variety, objects can be varied, do not expect a pattern. Is a kind of competition between enterprises, but also a partnership, complementary advantages, mutual benefit and win-win is a modern logistics "result."

Third, government should create favorable conditions for the development of modern logistics China's modern logistics development is still in its infancy, the urgent need to

support and promote government departments. Government departments should

Through policy guidance, improve management, improve service, and create a favorable macro environment for the development of modern logistics industry. Policy guidance, primarily developed to promote the development of relevant policies and measures to accelerate the development of modern logistics services to companies engaged in providing relaxed external environment, to solve the problems with the development of ideas and approaches. Improved management, mainly to adjust management ideas and ways of working, and strive to create fair competition and orderly market environment, focusing stop industry protection, regional blockades and impede fair competition, monopolistic behavior, in particular the maintenance of both supply and demand side of the legitimate interests of users . Good service, mainly on account of the current situation does not meet the logistics needs of national economic development, there are still many companies reflects the difficulties and obstacles. Departments from planning and construction, technological innovation, inspection clearance, traffic control, business management, taxation, financing and other aspects give support to help enterprises solve problems, improve coordination of services.

Fourth, pay attention to gradual, avoid the herd mentality

The imbalance of economic development, there is a gap between East Midwest, conditions and people's ideas are also infrastructure difference. From the development trend for the moment, and the rapid economic development in coastal areas of logistics demand is strong, able to provide logistics services opportunities for service companies and relatively more. Therefore, we can not ask the country at the same level, we are engaged in a pattern. Though however, we strive to achieve leapfrog development, but must proceed from reality, to fast is fast, not fast then slow, gradual,pragmatic.

Fifth, learn from the advanced experience, combined with practical innovation

Due to the late start of China's logistics development, lower level, to learn from the advanced experience of developed countries and the excellent companies, consumer

Of absorption has been proven successful practices of practice as I used to, it is a good way to accelerate the development of modern logistics. Learning

Learn from the advanced experience should also pay attention to the actual innovation. Due to different conditions, different clients, users

Requirements are different, the content and form of service will change.

Sixth, strengthen the propaganda and guidance, strengthen research and exploration, strengthen personnel training.