专四独立主格归纳

独立主格结构

(一)独立主格结构的特点：

独立主格是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：

1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

(二)独立主格结构的用法：

它表示位于动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。

注意：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并

列句，通常放于句末，如：

A hunter came in, his face red with cold. (=and his face was red with cold)

(三)使用独立主格的结构的注意事项

（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：

After class was over (=class being over/ class over), the students soon left the classroom.

（2）在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略：

a)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.

b)在There being +名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on

foot.

（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：

Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. (比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.

（4）独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如

The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.

(比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.)

（5）独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。

如：

The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.

Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.

真题：

1．（2003）agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop.

A. is

B. been

C. be

D. being

答案：D

译文：农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。

解析：带有自己主语的非限定分局和无动词分局，在结构上和主句不发生关系。此题为独立主格结构。

2. (2003)Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.

A. permit

B. permitting

C. permitted

D.permits

答案：B

译文：如果时间允许的话，庆祝活动将会如期举行。

解析：time permitting 是一个常见的独立主格结构，表示一个条件。

3.（2000）45.There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an e nd half an hour earlier.

A.to be

B. to have been

C. Being

D. be

答案：C

译文：由于没有更多的东西可讨论，会议提前半小时结束了。

解析：本句中的There being nothing more for discussion为独立主格结构，表示原因。

4.（1996）_______no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.

A. there was

B.since

C.being

D.there being

答案：D

解析：本句中there being no cause for alarm 为独立主格结构，表示原因

5.(1994)The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these.

A. have been

B. are

C. being

D. are being

答案：D

6.（1998）_______, he can now only watch it on TV at home.

A.obtaining not a ticket for the match

B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match

C. not having obtained a ticket for the match

D. not obtained a ticket fot the match

答案：C

模拟题：

1.All the investigations______ before the deadline, the staff decided to have a party as a celebration.

A. been fulfilled

B.had been fulfilled

C.were fulfilled

D. having been fulfilled

答案：D

解析：独立主格结构。

2.Our picnic______ by the unexpected heavy rain, we went home depressed.

A. was spoiled

B.had been spoiled

C.having spoiled

D.having been spoiled

答案：D

解析：独立主格结果。作状语

3.All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been cancelled

B. were cancelled

C. have been cancelled

D. having been cancelled

答案：D

译文：因为暴风雪，所有航班被取消，所以许多乘客只好坐火车。

解析：该句逗号前是一个独立结构，逻辑主语是All flights，逻辑谓语的动作在那时业已完成，所以选择having been cancelled。

4. When I finish the story, Lenin jumped up from his chair and started pacing the floor, ____ , deep in thought.

A. with his head bending

B. in his head bent

C. his head bending

D. his head bent

答案：D)

译文：我讲完故事后，列宁从椅子上跳了起来，开始在屋子里踱来踱去,低着头，陷入沉思。解析：his head bent 是独立结构，his head 是逻辑主语，bent 是逻辑谓语。

5. Television will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment ____ by direct debit of their credit cards.

A. making it

B. is made

C. being made

D. will be made

答案：C

译文：人们将使用电视在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。

解析：此句为独立主格，分句动词应用分词形式。