2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

The commission's revised "Green Guides" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.

"This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product," said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.

The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.

A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using "Greenlist" labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.

"We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases," Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that "this has been an area that is difficult to navigate."

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims.

David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in

the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.

"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. "It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green." Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.

46. What do the revised "Green Guides" require businesses to do?

A) Manufacture as many green products as possible.

B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.

C) Specify in what way their products are green.

D) Attach green labels to all of their products.

47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?

A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.

B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.

C) They have doubt about current green certification.

D) They are not clear which products are truly green.

48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?

A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.

B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.

C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.

D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official "Greenlist".

49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?

A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.

B) His company's products had been well received by the public.

C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.

D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.

50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying "It's kind of a Wild West" (Line 3，Para. 11)?

A) Businesses compete to produce green products.

B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.

C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.

D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

America's education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers' ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.

I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.

There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.

How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher's performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That's an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.

51. What do we learn about America's education system?

A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy.

B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.

C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations.

D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.

52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools?

A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.

B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination.

53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?

A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.

B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. D) Help teachers improve teaching.

54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?

A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.

B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.

C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.

D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.

55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?

A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.

B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.

C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.

D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.

答案：

46 [C]【定位】根据题干中的the revised “Green Guides”定位至第2 段。

【解析】本题问“绿色指南”修订版要求商家怎么做。第 2 段首句指出联邦贸易委员会警告商家不得使用诸如“生态友好的”之类表达宽泛的标签。第2 句指出商家须具体怎么做,包括要证明其产品包装上的描述属实、明确具体的益处。C 项“具体说明其产品为何是绿色的”

与原文吻合，其中Specify 为原文中specific 的同义表达，故选C 项。

【干扰项排除】A 项“制造尽可能多的绿色产品”并非联邦贸易委员会的要求。联邦贸易委

员会要求商家使其产品的益处具体化，如写明产品中有多少可回收成分，而非 B 项“指出

其产品是否可回收”。文章并未提及D 项“所有产品贴上绿色标签”。

47 [D]【定位】根据题干中的an explosion of green claims 定位至第6 段。

【解析】本题问作者对于消费者在面对绿色环保宣传泛滥时的表现有何看法。第 6 段首句指出在过去5 年左右的时间里，声称绿色环保的宣传呈爆发状态。第2 句指出消费者并

不总是了解他们要购买的产品。D 项“他们并不清楚哪种产品才是真正绿色环保的”与原文

相符，故为答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“他们能轻易看穿营销陷阱”与文中说的“消费者不总是了解”不符。上文虽提到消费者选购产品时会觉得迷惑，但不能由此得出 B 项“他们必须花费大量时间来挑

选产品”。文中有两处提到“绿色认证”，其一是庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼的事例，但并未提及“集体诉讼”是消费者发起的，故不能得出C 项“他们对当前的绿色认证存在疑虑”。

48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的SC Johnson 和the class-action lawsuits 定位至第7 段第2 句。

【解析】本题询问在集体诉讼案中，庄臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。第7 段第 2 句指出，2008 到2009 年间，庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼，被指在其清洁产品上使用“绿色清单”标签。第3 句指出诉讼认为该标签具有误导性，原因是“会使消费者误认为该产品已通过第三方认证”。C 项“它误导消费者相信他们的产品已获得第三方认证”与原文意思一致，其中misled 对应原文的misleading,故C 项为答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“它让消费者认为其所有产品都是真正的绿色产品”，涉案的只是庄臣公司的清洁产品，并未说是其所有产品，A 项可排除。本文未提及庄臣公司“授权第三方为其产品打上环保标签”和“销售不在官方…绿色清单?中的清洁产品”，故B、D 两项也可排除。49[A]【定位】根据题干中的Christopher Beard 定位至第8 段。

【解析】本题询问Christopher Beard 如何为该公司的标签行为作辩解。本段讲到Christopher Beard 对本公司在绿色清单体系所取得的成就感到骄傲，并且相信他们能在这些“集体诉讼”案子里胜出，然而他也承认这个（绿色标签）领域很难规范、指引。由此可知，Christopher Beard 认为那时候在绿色标签事项上没有明确的指导方针，刚好对应文章开头说的如今美国联邦贸易委员会关于绿色标签的提议，因此 A 项为答案。

【干扰项排除】虽然使用生态环保标签是市场风行的做法，但是无法确定给产品加上自己公司的认证这一做法是否普遍，而且 C 项“符合市场的普遍做法”也不是Christopher Beard 的辩护观点，故不选。文章未提及B 项“其公司产品广为公众接受”和D 项“法律不要求第三方认证”，也可排除。

50[B]【定位】根据题干直接定位至第11 段第2 句。

【解析】本题询问凯文?威廉引用的Wild West 所指的意义。第11 段第2 句先指出当前绿色认证的乱象犹如往昔的“西大荒”，随后指出具体乱在哪些方面：人人都可以宣称自己是环保的，与历史上美国西部拓荒时期的无政府混乱状态如出一辙，因此B 项“每家公司在绿色标签这方面都有自己的做法”与该句表述相符，为本题答案。

【干扰项排除】文章指出各公司竞相推出各自的绿色环保宣传或广告，而非“竞相生产绿色产品”，故排除A 项。C 项“消费者对有绿色标签的产品很狂热”、D 项“西部地区所生产的任何产品都可以标记为绿色产品”曲解了“the Wild West”中wild 和west 的意义。

51[B]【定位】根据题干中的America's education system 定位至第1 段。

【解析】本题询问文章对美国教育系统的评价。文章首段即明确指出作者的观点：美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，已然成为将不平等代代相传的体系。可见作者认为教育原本具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，B 项“对消除不平等毫无作用”为答案。

【干扰项排除】第1 句指出美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，但并非变成了“为富人提供通往机遇的阶梯”，故排除A 项。后半句指出教育系统变成了将不平等代代相传的体系，并不是指教育系统不变，C 项“几代人以来基本上保持不变”曲解其意，故排除；文章未提及教育体系具有D 项“将几代人培养成有责任感的公民”的功能，也可排除。

52 [B]【定位】根据题干中的inner-city schools 定位至第3 段第1 句。

【解析】本题询问内城区学校表现不佳的主要原因。第3 段首句指出，内城区学校表现糟糕的主要原因不是教师工会，而是poverty(贫穷）。与poverty 同义的B 项“缺乏财政来源”为答案。题干中的is chiefly responsible for 对应原文的main reason, undesirable performance 对应do poorly。

【干扰项排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教师工会，而是贫穷，A 项“不合格教师”非主要原因。文章内容未涉及 C 项“不良的学习环境”和D 项“潜意识的种族歧视”，也可排除。

53[C]【定位】根据题干中的the union 及题干询问内容可定位至第4 段第1、2 句。【解析】本题询问作者的观点，工会应该如何作为来赢得公众支持。上段末尾提到工会抵制市长采取的一些措施，本段第1 句提出了作者的观点：如果工会只是致力于获取更高的补偿，他会赞同(sympathetic)。第2 句进一步说明为什么工会应该致力于获取更高的补偿金：只有高薪才能够吸引优秀人才到贫困地区的学校任教。因此工会应该“为教师争取更高的报酬”,C 项正确。

【干扰项排除】工会抵制了市长采取的一些措施，A 项“帮助市政府改革学校”可排除。基于本文，教师工会的职能主要是为教师提供保护和争取福利，不包括B 项“为内城区学校提供建设性的建议”和D 项“帮助教师提高教学质量”。

54 [D]【定位】根据题干中的the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia University scholars 定位至第5 段第2 句。

【解析】本题询问哈佛大学和哥伦比亚大学的学者开展的金标准研究的结果。因此该句found 后的宾语从句即为答案：即使是在极度贫困地区的学校，教师也总是会对教育产生巨大的，或积极或消极的影响。因此，D 项“学生的表现与教师密切相关”为答案，体现了教师对教育所产生的影响。题干中的finding 是原文found 的词性转换。

【干扰项排除】文章中提及部分内城区学校的师资不佳，但并非该研究发现的结果，因此A 项“很多内城区学校的教师无法胜任他们的工作”可排除。文章未提及内城区学校学生的行为以及他们对教师的态度，因此 B 项“大部分内城区的孩子经常翘课”和 C 项“很多学生对他们的教师不满”也可排除。

55 [A]【定位】根据题干中的Chicago union's, demand 和an insult to students 定位至最后三段。

【解析】本题询问为什么说芝加哥工会的要求是对学生的侮辱。第9 段指出芝加哥工会坚持认为那些被解聘的（通常是不称职的）教师拥有优先聘用权，作者认为这对学生是个侮辱，第10 和第11 段对此作具体解释，指出不应过度保护这些人的工作权益，一旦满足工会要求、保护这些人的权益，学生的权益就会被牺牲掉。因此 A 项“以牺牲学生为代价保护不称职的教师”为答案，at the expense of 是原文中sacrifices 的同义转换。

【干扰项排除】文章未涉及工会对学生辨别和学习能力的评估，B 项“低估了学生辨别好老师和坏老师的能力”、D 项“完全忽视学生在学习过程中的主动性”均可排除。文章未提及歧视问题，C 项“让学生感到在多方面遭受歧视”也可排除。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choic es marked A. , B. , C. and D..You should decide on the best choice and mark t he corresponding letter on Answer sheet with asingle line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, fanners in developing c ountries are usingraw sewage (下水道污水）to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, accordingto a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are out weighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consum ers who need affordable food.

"There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt gr eat numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study. The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water fro m local rivers or lakes.Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack adva nced water-treatment facilities, andrivers effectively become sewers (下水道). When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing dise ase-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashe d. Nearly 2.2 million peopledie each year because of diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关的) diseases, according to WHO statistics.More than 80% of those cases can b e attributed to contact with contaminated water and alack of proper sanitation . But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and econ omic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the heal thrisks.

Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he sai d, while the freewater and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmer s in developing countries to escape poverty.

Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh waterconsumption.

In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep fannersin business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers br eak open sewage pipestransporting waste to local rivers.

Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing wo rld. Butfrequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is deliver ed to farms and spread as fertilizer.

In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually

cooked,minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilize r prices jumping nearly50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and oftennecessary, alternative.

In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mudcontains the same critical nutrients.

"Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expe rt, said.

"We needto accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be usedin agriculture for good reason."

46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?

A. Its risks cannot be overestimated.

B. It should be forbidden altogether.

C. Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.

D. It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.

47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?

A. Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.

B. It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.

C. Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

D. It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.

48. What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?

A. Favorable.

B. Skeptical.

C. Indifferent.

D. Responsible.

49. What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated hu man waste forfarming?

A. They have been somewhat exaggerated.

B. They can be dealt with through education.

C. They will be minimized with new technology.

D. They can be addressed by improved sanitation.

50. What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human w aste for farming?

A. He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.

B. He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion.

C. He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.

D. He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-a ways andmicrowaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehi cle for celebrity chefs.Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the he

art of the modem house: what thegreat hall was to the medieval castle, the ki tchen is to the 21st-century home.

The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitch en market is nowworth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In t he year to August 2007, IKEA, aSwedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a"major" kitchen overhaul in 200 6, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000;even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.

Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen : Robinson& Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, o ffers a Georgian-style onewhich would cost ￡145,000-155,000—excluding bui lding, plumbing and electrical work. Its bigselling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in theworld."

The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of d esign showcasefor the modem family tells the story of a century of social cha nge. Right into the early 20thcentury, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, gen erally located underground, or to the back ofthe house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were forservants, and th e aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.

But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housek eeping became amatter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pionee rs of a radical new way of thinkingabout the kitchen was Catharine Esther Bee cher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In AmericanWoman's Home, published i n 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach tohousehold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and pro mote order.

Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American,Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the h ousewife. Her 1919 work,Household Engineering: Scientific Management in th e Home, was based on detailedobservation of a housewife's daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on thefactory floor and applied it to dome stic tasks on the kitchen floor.

Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in s uch a relationthat useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first fully fi tted kitchen, designed in the1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elementsremain central features of today's kitc hen.

51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?

A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.

B. It is where the family entertains important guests.

C. It has become something odd in a modem house.

D. It is regarded as the center of a modem home.

52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?

A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.

B. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.

C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.

D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.

53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?

A. Improved living conditions.

B. Women's elevated status.

C. Technological progress.

D. Social change.

54. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?

A. A place where women could work more efficiently.

B. A place where high technology could be applied.

C. A place of interest to the educated people.

D. A place to experiment with new ideas.

55. What do we learn about today's kitchen?

A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.

B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.

C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.

D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.

答案：46 [C]【定位】根据题目关键词 the use of raw sewage for farming 可知是问有关污水在农业上使用的信息，考查的是考生对整体篇章的理解能力，定位到全文。

【解析】C 项“其利大于弊”是对第2 段“那些健康危险远不及社会效益和经济贡献重要”的

同义转换，符合文意。

【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险不能被高估”和 B 项“应完全禁止”在原文中无法找到依据；D 项“正使许多农田受到污染”，以原词 cropland 作干扰，但原文说的是用未经处理的污水对大约4900 万英亩农田进行灌溉和施肥，文中只是说这种做法有健康风险，不能直接得出结论“这些农田被这些污水污染了”，因此 D 项属过度推测。

47 [C]【定位】根据题目关键词 the use of wastewater for irrigation 可定位至第5 段。【解析】本题询问污水灌溉导致的主要问题,C 项“农民和消费者都可能受到有害细菌的影响”

是对第5 段首句的概括，符合文意。

【干扰项排除】A 项“附近的河流和湖泊都将逐渐受到污染”属过度推断，原文第 4 段第2 句仅仅提到农田的灌溉水主要源于当地的河流或湖泊；原文虽有提及人们用人类排泄物代替化学肥料，但无法证明 B 项“利用污水灌溉会使化肥产商倒闭”;D 项“利用污水灌溉会减少

农产品在市场上的竞争力”属于无中生有。

48[A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 定位至第5 段末句。

【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对将未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业的态度，原文

第5 段末句提到他认为使用未经处理的人类排泄物灌溉农田所带来的社会和经济效益比其带来的健康危害重要。说明他支持这一做法，A 项“赞同的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】询问观点态度的题目宜采用直选法，考生需准确感知人物观点。B 项“怀疑

的”、C 项“冷漠的”以及 D 项“负责的”在文中皆无依据证明。

49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Pay Drechsel 及 the risks 定位至第6 段。

【解析】本题考查的是 Pay Drechsel 对未经处理的人类排泄物用于农业带来的风险的看法，第六段开头提到这个问题可以通过教育农民和消费者来解决,B 项的 dealt with 是原句 addressed 的同义转述，B 项“可通过教育规避其风险”是正确答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“其风险有些被夸大”、C 项“利用新科技可使其风险最小化”和 D 项“其风险可通过改进卫生条件来规避”都不是 Pay Drechsel 对风险的看法。

50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 James Bartram 定位至最后一段的最后一句。【解析】本题考查的是 James Bartram 对人类排泄物用于农业的观点，原文最后他说稍加处理或没有经过处理的排泄物用于农业是有充分理由的，可见他认为将人类排泄物用于农业有其存在的合理性。而从原文第5 段可知，Pay Drechsel 认为尽管这种做法有危害，但是它带来的社会和经济效益比其危害更重要。因此 A 项“在这个问题上他

和 Pay Drechsel 的观点一致”为正确答案。

【干扰项排除】原文第3 段提到 Liqa Raschid-Sally 认为污水灌溉利弊共存，James Bartram 也只是承认了有其存在的合理性而已，因此 B 项“他挑

战 Iiqa Raschid-Sally 的结论”错误。C 项“他认为这是摆脱当前粮食危机的唯一方法”

和 D 项“他认为这是战胜全球贫困所必需都不是 James Bartram 的观点，故排除。

51 [D]【定位】根据题目关键词 the kitchen of today 定位至第1 段末句。

【解析】第1 段末句提到厨房已成为现代家居的核心，D 项

的 the center of a modem home 是原句 theheart of the modern house 的同义转述，表明 D 项“现在厨房被认为是现代家居的核心”为答案。

【干扰项排除】原文第1 句提到现代人们无须下厨，因此 A 项“厨房是主妇展示厨艺的场所”与原文意思刚好相反；B 项“厨房是款待重要宾客的场所”在原文中没有提及；原文提到厨房已成为现代家居的核心的现象很奇怪，而不是说厨房本身奇怪，故排除 C 项。

52 [B]【定位】根据题目关键词 the Georgian-style kitchen定位至第3 段。

【解析】本题考查的是乔治王时代风格的厨房定价高的原因，第 3 段末句提到其主要卖点在于绝无仅有，你不会在世界其他地方见到这种厨房。B 项“不可能在世界其他地方找到复

制品”为答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“据说有极高的艺术价值”在原文中并未提及;C 项“由一家著名的英国公司制造”在文中虽有提及，但不是定价高的原因；D 项“其他的制造商都无法制造类似的厨房”属于易混淆项，但是原文说的是它的卖点在其他人买不到相同的，至于说制造商能否仿制，

我们无法得知。

53 [D]【定位】根据题干中 the change in the status of the kitchen定位至第4 段

第 1 句。

【解析】本题考查的是厨房地位的变化反映了什么，原文第4 段第1 句讲到厨房曾经只属于仆人，而今演变为现代家庭的设计展示间，这讲述了一个世纪的社会变革,D 项正确。【干扰项排除】A 项“生活水平提高了”、B 项“女性地位的提高”和 C 项“技术进步”在原文

都没有直接提及，属于主观臆测，故均排除。

54 [A]【定位】根据题干中的人名 Beecher sisters 定位至第5 段末句。

【解析】本题考查比彻姊妹对厨房的看法，第5 段末句讲到比彻姐妹推介了一种家庭管理的科学方法，旨在提高妇女的工作效率,A 项是对原文意思的高度概括，故为答案。【干扰项排除】B 项“认为厨房是可以应用高科技的场所”无中生有；C 项“认为厨房是知识分子感兴趣的场所”，这一信息虽在第5 段首句有提到，但并不是比彻姊妹的看法，而是作者的观点；第5 段第2 句提到该姊妹中的一人以激进的新方式对厨房进行思考，她思考的是怎样提高家务效率，而不是试验新想法，因此 D项“认为厨房是实验新想法的场所”

错误。

55 [B]【定位】根据题干可知本题考查的是对文章的整体感知理解能力，定位到全文。【解析】原文提到20 世纪20 年代由玛格丽特设计的第一个配备齐全的厨房中，许多元素依然是今日厨房的中心特色，说明现代厨房的许多核心特色和20 世纪20 年代都具有相似性，因此 B 项“现代厨房的许多核心特色和20 世纪20 年代相比并无差别”正确。【干扰项排除】A 项“现代厨房象征人们日常生活中快速的技术进步”和 C 项“现代厨房变得面目全非”在原文中均无提及。D 项“现代厨房的许多功能有很大改变”与原文最后一段末句

意思刚好相反。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第3套) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choic es marked A. , B. , C. and D..You should decide on the best choice and mark t he corresponding letter on Answer sheet with asingle line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote co ntrols to click onadvertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewersof "Friends", a popular situation comedy, wo uld soon be able to purchase a sweater likeJennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control.

"It's been the year of interactivetelevision advertising for the last ten or twelv e years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-mediaconsultancy.

So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out int eractiveadvertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with s ome skepticism. Duringcommercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of t he screen, prompting viewers to press abutton to request a free sample or or

der a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers tobuy things with their remote controls early next year.

Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year.The popularization of digital video recorders has caused adver tisers to worry that theircommercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-throug h rates—especially important at a time when marketingbudgets are tight. Wit h the launch of interactive advertising,

"many of the dollars that went tothe Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industryhopes.

In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do notUnilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodora nt (除臭剂）, which keptviewers engaged for more than three minutes on average. The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna , an advertisingagency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. T hat falls far short of the billions ofdollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cablehave all invested in it. A new eff ort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers,aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects it s revenues almostto triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-televisio n service, already provides 9 millioncustomers with interactive ads.

Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" mediu m, craveinteraction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not gowell together.

46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive t elevisionadvertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?

A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.

B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.

C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situa tion comedies.

D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.

47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV adve rtising program?

A. Pretty positive.

B. Totally indifferent.

C. Somewhat doubtful.

D. Rather critical.

48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV adverti sing?

A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.

B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.

C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.

D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.

49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?

A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.

B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.

C. It helps attract investments in the company.

D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.

50. How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?

A. They may be due to the novel way of advertising.

B. They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.

C. They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.

D. They indicate the future direction of media reform.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: ther e're no quick oreasy answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't rea dy to do it—they're in the wrongplaces, or they have the wrong skills. Our pro blems are structural, and will take many years to solve.

But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sou nds wise, but it's actuallyfoolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words , structural unemployment is a fake problem, whichmainly serves as an excus e for not pursing real solutions.

The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the numbe r of workersforced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soar ed. Unemployment hassurged in every major occupational category. Only thre e states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, h ave unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then,has this clai m become so popular?

Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring t he problem deeply rooted, withno easy answers, makes them sound serious. I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemplo yment during theGreat Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serio us People are saying now.Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, dec lared one 1935 analysis, because theworkforce is "unadaptable and untrained . It cannot respond to the opportunities whichindustry may offer." A few years

later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those"unadap table and untrained" workers.

But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of governmentaction on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that , fundamentally, is why claimsthat we face huge structural problems have bee n multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothingabout the mass unemploymen t that is crippling out economy and our society.

So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back the se claims. Wearen't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve.As I said, structural unemployment isn't a real p roblem, it's an excuse—a reason not to act onAmerica's problems at a time w hen action is desperately needed.

51. What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in A merica?

A. Corporate mismanagement.

B. Insufficient demand.

C. Technological advances.

D. Workers' slow adaptation.

52. What does the author think of the experts' claim concerning unemployme nt?

A. Self-evident.

B. Thought-provoking.

C. Irrational.

D. Groundless.

53. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the G reatDepression?

A. The booming defense industry.

B. The wise heads' benefit package.

C. Nationwide training of workers.

D. Thorough restructuring of industries.

54. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?

A. Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.

B. Very Serious People's attempt to cripple the economy.

C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.

D. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.

55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To testify to the experts' analysis of America's problems.

B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment

C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.

D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.

答案：

46[D]【定位】题干已经将本题定位至第1 段第4 至第5 行。

【解析】本题询问科林·狄克逊所说的这句话的意思。第1 段开头就指出互动电视广告已推出多年。大概10 多年前就有人预测它的前景广阔。但在段末处科林·狄克逊表示过去的10 年、12 年每年都在说今年是互动电视广告之年。换言之,互动电视广告发展停滞不前。因此 D 项“互动电视广告没有取得预期效果”正确。

【干扰项排除】A 项“互动电视广告将在十至十二年内流行起来”与文章表达内容不符，原文只是提及过去十至十二年及如今互动电视广告的情况。原文并没有提到过去互动电视广告是否受到争议,B 项“互动电视广告在过去的十年左右一直备受争议”没有依据。文中只是对《老友记》中可能出现的互动广告作一个假想，但十多年过后的今天仍未能够取得大的进展，因此 C 项“当与情境喜剧相结合，互动电视广告取得成功”与原文不符。

47 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 Cablevision, the public's response定位至第2 段第1 句。

【解析】本题询问民众对于美国有线电视公司筹划的互动电视广告项目作何反应。根据第2 段第1 句，当有线电视网（Cablevision)和美国有线电视公司宣布将在10 月6 日向所有的观众推出互动广告，随之引起人们的质疑。C 项中的doubtful是原文skepticism的同义替换，故 C 项“有些疑虑”正确。

【干扰项排除】A 项“相当肯定”、B 项“完全冷漠”和 D 项“严厉批评”与原文的skepticism意思不符，故均予以排除。

48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 the wide use of digital video recorders 定位至第3 段第3 句。

【解析】本题询问数字视频录像机的广泛使用对电视广告有什么影响。根据第 3 段第3、4 句，数字视频录像机的普及使得广告商们担心他们的广告会被跳过不看，C 项“它使电视广告处于极大的劣势”是正确答案。

【干扰项排除】A 项“它使电视广告易于接近观众”和 D 项“它使观众很容易就能找到特价商品”文中并未提及。第 3 段第 4 句提到互联网广告的优点之一就是可以测量点击率，所以 B 项“它帮助广告商测量点击率”属于张冠李戴。

49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 Unilever's interactive campaign定位至第4 段第2 句。【解析】本题询问我们从联合利华的互动活动中可以得知什么。第 4 段第1 句提到，从理论上来说，互动广告有着能吸引观众注意力这一优点，接着在第2 句举了联合利华为例子来证明互动广告是如何成功吸引观众的。因此 B 项“它成功吸引了观众的注意力”是正确答案。

【干扰项排除】联合利华推出的是互动电视广告，所以 A 项“它证明了电视广告的优点”中的 TV advertising不准确； C 项“它帮助公司招商引资”中的 investments in the company 在文中没有提及；第 3 段首句虽然有提及电视广告业可能会繁荣，但文中举联合利华的例子仅证明互动电视广告成功吸引观众注意力这个优点，至于是否使整个电视广告业繁荣无从得知，因此 D 项“它繁荣了电视广告业”属过度推断。

50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的 high click-through rates 定位至最后一段第2 句。

【解析】本题询问作者如何看待到目前为止的高点击率。作者在文章最后一段指出了自己对互动电视广告前景的担忧，并提出：可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故导致高点击率。A 项中 the novel way 是原文中 the novelty的同义转述,因此 A 项“可能是因为广告的新奇方式”正确。

【干扰项排除】作者对目前为止互动电视广告的高点击率持有怀疑态度，B 项“预示着互动广告将流行起来”与作者表达的意思不相符。虽然作者提出了互动电视广告高点击率可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故，但是能不能一直持续高点击率作者仍是持怀疑态度，因此 C 项“表明电视观众不断增长的好奇心”不符合原文意思。D项“暗示媒体改革的未来方向”在文中

并未提及。

51 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 cause 和mass unemployment in America 定位至第2 段第3 句。

【解析】本题询问作者认为美国大规模失业的根本原因是什么。第2 段首先否定了第1 段末所述的“结构性失业”的说法，然后第3 句指出，所有的事实表明，美国的高失业率其实是需求不足造成的，进而分析了“结构性失业”说法的愚蠢性。B 项中insufficient是原文inadequate的同义替换,所以选 B 项“需求不足”。

【干扰项排除】文章着眼于国家政策这个大格局来分析美国大规模失业的问题。A 项“公司管理不善”和 C项“技术进步”并没有提及；D 项“工人适应缓慢”是专家们的说辞，并不是作者的观点。

52 [D]【定位】根据题干中的 experts' claim, the author 可查找到第2、3 段。

【解析】本题询问作者如何看待专家们关于失业的论断。在第 2 段第1、2 句作者规劝读者不要费力去寻求证据来证明这种黯淡的观点的合理性，因为根本没有证据。继而，在第3 段给出一些例证，并得出结论，该证据有力地反驳了“我们主要遭受结构性失业”的措辞。由此，可选定 D 项“没有根据的”。

【干扰项排除】作者对专家们的“结构性失业”论断持否定态度，A 项“不言而喻的”和 B 项“发人深省的”与作者观点相悖；作者试图用证据表明专家们的论断没有根据，但没有提及理性问题，因此可排除 C 项“不理性的”。

[A]【定位】根据题干中的 the Great Depression 定位至第5 段。

【解析】本题询问作者认为是什么帮助解决了经济大萧条时期大规模失业问题。根据第 5 段最后一句，一个庞大的国防计划最终促成了一个财政刺激方案，其足以满足经济需求，很快各行业就急切雇佣了那些“适应能力差、没有经过培训”的工人们。简言之，庞大的国防计划刺激了经济，带动了就业。所以 A 项“蓬勃的国防工业”是正确答案。

【干扰项排除】B 项“那些聪明人的福利待遇”和 C 项“全国范围内的工人培训”只是利用文中个别词汇 wiseheads, untrained workers 等拼凑而成；D 项“行业的彻底重组”在文中找不到任何依据。

54 [A]【定位】根据题干中的claim, huge structural problems 和multiply定位至倒数第2 段第 2 句。

【解析】本题询问是什么导致了“巨大的结构性问题”论断的盛行。倒数第 2 段第 1 句指出：权势者在思想上反对政府采取足够规模的行动来刺激经济，这就从根本上解释了为什么“我们面临严重的结构性问题”的说法如此盛行。A 项中 stimulus 对应原文的 jump-start,故选 A 项“政府刺激经杯的努力遭到强有力的反对”。

【干扰项排除】文中提到大规模失业严重削弱了我们的经济和社会，B 项“…非常严谨的人们?企图削弱经济”利用文中个别词汇 Very Serious People 张冠李戴。C 项“各行业众多部门收集到的证据”利用evidence一词拼凑而成。D 项“经济学家们没能及时察觉出问题”在文中并未提及。

55 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 author's purpose 可查找至最后一段。

【解析】本题询问作者写这篇文章用意何在。文章最后一段作者呼吁读者不要相信那些所谓“专家们”的说辞，它们根本没有依据可言。进而其谴责政府的不作为，“我们缺少的并不是必要的技能，而是政府的政策决心。”作者的根本目的是吁请政府采取实际行动来解决目前的问题。C 项中 urgent need 对应原文的desperately needed,因此 C 项“表达需要政府采取行动的迫切性”正确。

【干扰项排除】A 项“证明专家们对美国问题的分析”错误，因为作者不认同专家们的看法。

文中作者并没有对结构性失业提出一个明确的解决方案，只是呼吁政府应该采取行动解决这个问题，所以 B 项“对结构性失业提供一个可行性解决方案”在文中找不到依据。D 项“警告美国工人适应岗位的紧迫性”利用文中个别词汇workers、desperately needed、unadaptable 来设置干扰。