新版深圳初中英语八上Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

I、Unit One 重难点

必记单词

encyclopaedia 百科全书dinosaur 恐龙human 人的

Italian 意大利人perhaps 可能，大概inventor发明家

invention 发明musician音乐家notebook笔记本

scientist 科学家include 包括，包含born 出生

even 甚至countryside乡村，农村however然而

intelligence才智，智慧suddenly突然，忽然

artistic有艺术天赋的nobody没有人ability 才能，能力

fossil 化石win获胜，赢dollar 美元

必记短语

listen to 听learn about 了解到talk about 谈论

in the countryside 在乡村，在农村be born 出生

human being 人for example 例如die out 灭绝，消失

at the end of 在...的尽头，在...末尾more than多于

used to 过去常常know about 知道关于...的情况

one day 有一天be famous for 因.....而出名so much 如此多

find out了解到，弄清by the window 在窗户旁边

next to 挨着be interested in 对....感兴趣be sure 确信

go for a walk 去散步in the mountains 在山上do with 处理

in the newspaper 在报纸上all kinds of 各种各样的

a number of许多，大量since then 自从那时

be made up of由....组成，构成connect....to 把....和.....连接起来

词汇解析

human 人的，the human body人体

【知识拓展】human，人，也写作human being。

Dogs can hear much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。

练习：1.We are all h______beings.

2.Wolves will not usually attack（袭击) h__________.

3.These robots are just like h_________.

learn about 获悉，得知，了解到about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about 也可用of代替。

例：We're all sorry to learn about her illness.

听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。

listen to 意为“听”。listen 意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或代词。

例：Listen to a radio programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”.

听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。

练习 1.我很高兴帮你了解中国。

I am glad to help you ______ __________China.

2.我经常听收音机学习英语。

I often _____ ________ _______ _______and learn English.

Inventor发明家

He is a famous inventor.他是一位有名的发明家。

【知识拓展】（1）invent 发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东

西。

Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the light bulb.

吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。

(2)invention 发明

The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.

计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。

musician音乐家，可数名词。

a piece of music 一首音乐listen to music 听音乐

【知识拓展】music 音乐，乐曲musical 音乐的

Scientist科学家

【知识拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀：

scient 科学--------scientist 科学家

art 艺术----------artist 艺术家

piano 钢琴----------pianist 钢琴家

violin小提琴-------violinist 小提琴家

born出生be born on +地点；be born in出生于

I was bornin1980.我生于1980年。

ability才能，能力，复数是abilities ，have the ability to do sth有能力做某事perhaps 可能，大概

【词语辨析】maybe ，perhaps，possible，probably

这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：

maybe，或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。perhaps，也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。

possibly，也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表示“无论如何"之意Probably，很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

include 包括，包含The price of the room includes breakfast.房间的租金包括在

早餐在内。

【词语辨析】include , including , included

（1）include 为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。

The price includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具

（2）including 介词，意为“包含，包括”

There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人，包括四位男士。

（3）included 为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including 引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。

Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.

nobody没有人，nobody 相当于not ...... anybody.

I saw nobody.=I didn't see anybody.我没有见到一个人。

新词强化训练

根据汉语提示完成句子

1.I was _______(出生）in a small village.

2.I'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful __________(乡村).I love nature.

3.He has the ________(能力）to be the manager .

4.________(也许）I'll see him tomorrow,but I’m not sure.

5.I think the most helpful______(发明) is the light bulb.

6._________(甚至）a child can understand it.

7.My house is small .It's very comfortable,_______(然而）.

8._______(突然）there was a loud noise .

9.I opened the the door ,but I could see___________(无人）.

用所给词的适当形式填空

10.The Chinese __________(inventor) the compass(指南针）.

11.She likes listening to __________(musician).

12.My favorite subject is _________(scientist)

13.You'll find the plan ___________(include) most of your suggestions.

14.Their daughter is very ______________(intelligence)

more than 后接数词，意为“超过，多于" ，相当于over

He has been ill for more than two weeks,.他病了俩周多。

look up 查找，后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。

Please look it up in the dictionary,if you don't know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。

on earth在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world.

Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings.

在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。

【知识拓展】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调

Where on earth have you been just now.刚才你究竟去哪了？

as+形容词或副词原级+as表示双方在某个方面一样，前一个as是副

词，其后跟形容词或副词原级，后一个as是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。

We think science is as important as maths.我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。

used to意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习

惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。

I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。

something important 意为重要的事情，something 为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后面

I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。

remember 及物动词，意为“记得，记住”，remember to do something 意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。

Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。

I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。

famous 出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识，技能或特征出名。sb + be famous as 指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。

Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。

sp+ be famous for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。

This area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶而出名。

This area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。else 意为别的，其他的，通常修饰不定代词something等，疑问代词what等，

疑问副词when 等，else 用在这些词之后。

Who else did you see?你还看见别人了吗？

for example 与such as

这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思，

for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。

For example, I'll help you with your study.例如，我会在学习上帮助你。

such as 用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。

I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.

【知识巩固】

根据汉语意思完成句子

1.我们学校有三千多名学生。

There are _______ ______ three thousand students in our school.

2.关于中国文学你了解多少？

How much do you ______ ______ the Chinese literature.

3.例如，约翰就有相同的观点。

______ ________,John has the same opinion.

4.如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。

If you don't know this world ,you can _______ _________ _________in the dictionary.

5.地球上有上百万种生物。

There are millions of living things _________ __________.

6.我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。

There are many flowers in our school; ____are red; ________are yellow.

7.他和哥哥一样高。

He is ______ _______ __________his brother.

8.我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。

I hope to visit Hawaii __________ ___________.

用适当的介词或副词填空

9.Please connect the printer _________the computer.

10.At the end _____this road, you can see a supermarket.

11. Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died _______.

12.China is famous _______the Great Wall.

13.Yao Ming is famous __________ a basketball player.

win赢，获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语

He won a prize yesterday.他昨天得了一个奖。

【词汇辨析】beat 也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能接表示人的词做宾语，此外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。

We weren't sure we could beat them.我们没有把握能打败他们。

His heart is still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。

【强化训练】

What an exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team________Shanghai Shenhua. A. won B.lost C.failed D.beat

find out 意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。

【知识拓展】find强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”

I find a watch on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。

find out 意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”

We shall find out the truth early or later.我们迟早会查明真相。

look for 意为“寻找”着重找的过程。

I look for my cat,but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。

【巩固训练】

他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。

He decided to _____ _________what had happened to the boy.

让我们去寻找答案。

Let's go and ________ _________ the answers.

expect 及物动词，意为“期望，指望，认为'”强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。

I 'll wait for her at the station.我会到车站去等他。

wait for 强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，待在某处去等）

He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。

look forward to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如，假日，晚会等），而用expect所期待发生的事，可以是好事，也可以是坏事。

We are looking forward to our holidays.我们盼望假日的来临。

【知识巩固】

1.Don't sit _________ the window. It's cold there.

A.next door to

B.next

C. near

D. far from

2.--Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

-----_________,but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.

A.Of course not

B. That's all right

C. I'd love to

D. Yes ,I do

3.--Do you think our football team will win the match?

----Yes, we have better players.So I _____ them to win.

A.hope

B. ask

C. help

D. expect

be interested in对...产生兴趣，对.....感兴趣。后面接动名词，名词，代词。

1.I was _________ the drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.

A.good at

B. bad at

C. interested in

D. terrified of

2.我们确信能帮这个男孩找到家人。

We _____ ______ _________ we can help the boy find his family.

3.我们应该互相学习。

We should _____ ________ each other.

be动词+形容词比较级+than 表示俩者之间的比较，意为“更.....,较......”

Our school is bigger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大。

do with 意为“处理”，常与what 连用，表示询问。

What are you going to do with your old books?你打算怎么处理你的旧书。

【知识拓展】deal with 意为“解决，应付，处理”后面常接trouble，problem等词，deal with 多与how连用，表示询问。

How did you deal with your book?你怎样处理了你的书？

【知识巩固练习】

1.我们将怎样处理这个问题？

What shall we _____ _____ this problem?

2.他的头发比萨姆短。

He has _______ hair ________Sam,

a number of 意为“许多”后跟可数名词复数

the number of 意为“.....的数目”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Our city has a number of hotels with high standard of services.

我市有许多高品质服务的宾馆。

The number of the teachers in our school is 200.

我们学校有200位老师。

【知识巩固】

1.地上有许多蚂蚁。

There are ________ ________ _________ ants on the ground.

2.在超市里有各种各样的事物。

There are _____ _________ __________foods in the supermarket.

since then 意为“从那时起”用于现在完成时。

Since then he has lived in Beijing.

make up 意为“组成，构成”强调由几部分组成，多用于其被动形式：be made up of.

【巩固练习】

1.五个男学生和两个女学生组成了这个组。

Five boy students and two girl students ____ ________ the group.

2.从那时起，发生了很多变化。

Many changes have taken place ______ __________.

语法点：some ，any ，复合不定代词。

【典例精析】

1、It's polite to take __________ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.

A. little

B. any C some

答案：C

2.They need some more workers and money to build the bridge. （改否定句）They don't need _____ more workers __________ money to build the bridge.

答案：any ,or

3.I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be ______ wrong with it.

A.something

B.everything

C. anything

D.nothing

答案：A

4.Mrs Brown is nice.Every day she tried to cook _______ for me during my stay in Canada.

A.something different

B.anything different

C. nothing different 【针对练习】

1.Please keep quiet,everybody I have _____important to tell you.

A.nothing

B. something

C.everything

2.There must be _______ wrong with the clock , it doesn't work.

A.nothing

B.something

C.everything

D. Anything

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ac1625445.html,TV-10 often plays________around the world.It can help us learn more about not only nature but also different cultures and customs.

A.new something

B.something new

C.anything new

4.I think ________can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never gives up easily.

A.something

B.anything

C. nothing

D.everything

5.Mr Wang is an excellent teacher.______in our class loves her.

A,someone B, no one C, everyone D.anyone

6.When the Greens moved into the house last week,_______ was at sixes and sevens,so they did a big cleaning.

A.something

B.everything

C. anything

D.nothing

7.They were all very tired,but _______ of them took a rest.

A.none

B.all C, both D.either

8.I asked John for ______ ink,but he didn't have________.

A.any ,some

B.any,any

C.some,any

D. some,some

9.I don't have _____ money. Could you please lend me_______?

A.any ,some

B. some,any

C. any,any

D. some,some

【改否定句】

There was some milk in the bottle.

There _________ ___________ milk in the bottle.

【中考链接】

1.Lincoln came from nothing,yet he did ______that changed the world.

A.something

B.nothing

C.everything

D. anything

2.--How is Helen in the new school?

--She id doing very well.There is ____to worry about.

A.something

B.anything

C. nothing

D.everything

3.There is _____in today's homework.

A.difficult nothing

B.difficult anything

C. nothing difficult

D. anything difficult

4.Which basketball do you like best?Kobe,James or Jordan？

---____ of them. Lin shuhao is my favorite.

A.all

B.none

C.either

D.neither

5.Let's _____for a walk, shall we?

A. to go

B.going

C.go

D.gone

6.Why is Harvey's mother so happy?

----Because only three students _____,______ his son Harvey.

A, failed the exam,besides B. made progress ,except

C. made progress, including

D.passed the exam, without

7.The new product consist of four main parts inside .(改为一般疑问句）_____the new product _________of four main parts inside?

8.Jessica solved the physics problem without any help.(同义句转换）

Jessica ______ _________the physics problem without any help.

9.I was b____ in 1997,I'm 15 now.

10.Henry's sister is two years younger than he , but she is as____(tall) as he.

单项填空

1.It's nearly nine o'clock and father will ______ walk in at any moment.

A is possibly to B. maybe to

C .probably D. perhaps to

2.The band played many songs,______some of my favorite.

A. including B .included

C .include D. to include

3.Now the air in our hometown is _____ it used to be.Something must to be done to stop it.

A very good B. much better C.rather bad D.even worse

4.The plan is all right.________,it can be made better.

A .then B.however C.and D.or

5.---Who helped you repair the MP4?

-----________,I repaired it all by myself.

A.somebody

B.nobody

C.anybody

D.everybody

6.Gina was born ______1999,She is old enough to go to school.

A .to B.on C,at D.in

7.The ice in the lake is as _____ as it was before.

A.Thin

B.thinner

C. thinnest

D.the thinnest

8.He _____ be a__________ boy.

A would, quiet https://www.360docs.net/doc/ac1625445.html,ed to ,quite C.was, quiet D, used to ,quiet

9.------What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?

---------I'm not sure, but I'll buy her_________ .

A .something special B. anything special

C.special something

D.special anything

10.China is very _______the Great Wall and pandas.

A .famous as B.famous for C. ready to D.ready for

阅读理解

（A）

Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Italy. He is best known as an artist today. One of his famous paintings is called Mona Lisa. However, Leonardo had many other natural abilities. He was also a great inventor（发明家）. Many of his inventions have become important in modern day life.

Although Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun（枪）, which was produced and used in war many years later.

By watching the way birds fly, Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among his sketches （素描）we can see several objects. We consider them as modern flying machines.

Leonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of time. He developed ideas for labor-saving machines like cutting machines.

Leonardo was a strange man. He didn’t eat any meat, which was v ery unusual in those times. He never published（发表）his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left.

We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was. We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men the world has ever known.

（）1. According to the passage, Leonardo is not only an artist but also .

A. an inventor

B. an engineer

C. a writer

D. a musician

（）2. was Leonardo’s most special invention.

A. The mirror writing

B. The cutting machine

C. The machine gun

D. The flying machine

（）3. Leonardo was strange, for example, .

A. he didn’t eat any vegetables

B. he usually used mirror writing

C. he liked to publish his discoveries

D. he enjoyed drawing flying machines

（）4. Leonardo invented some machines to .

A. stop the war

B. help paint pictures

C. watch the birds

D. make good use of time

( ) 5. From the passage, we can learn that Leonardo was very _________.

A.humorous

B.serious

C.clever

D.lonely

根据句子意思或汉语意思填写单词

1.Tom ________ ________ (出生于)in 1989 in America.

2.There is a shy girl in our class __________ (被称作) Lily.

3.There are ________ apples and ___________ milk in the fridge. It looks empty.

（B）

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the nine o’clock Mystery Hour. Today we’ll show you two British stories. We hope you’ll enjoy them.

About 900 years ago two green children arrived in a small village in south England. Their eyes and skin were green and they spoke a strange language. They were very tired and weak, so the people of the village looked after them. The boy died a year later, but the girl grew strong and lived the rest of her life there. And her skin colour turned back to normal day by day. Scientists say that sometimes of people don’t have enough food to eat for a long time, their skin goes very pale and can even turn green.

Loch Ness is the largest lake in Scotland. It’s a very dee p and cold lake. For hundreds of years, people have talked about a monster(怪物) called Nessie which lives in the lake. About seventy years ago, two people saw something moving in the lake. They said that the animal was playing and rolling around in the water. Since then many people say they have seen the monster. Their descriptions are always the same. It looks like a dinosaur, with a very long neck and a small head. It has a big bump(包，肿块)on its back. People have tried to photograph the animal, but the pictures have not been very clear. Scientists don’t know whether ther e is a monster or not. Some say it may be a whale or a very large fish. Some think it’s a snake. Others say there’s nothing at all—nothing but people’s imagination. Maybe we’ll never know what’s in Loch Ness.

1. What kind of story is talked about in this programme?

A. Romantic stories.

B. Mysteries.

C. Horror stories.

D. Comedies.

2. Which sentence is TRUE about the two green children?

A. They both enjoyed a long and happy life.

B. The girl’s eyes and skin were green all her life.

C. At first they spoke the same langua ge as people in the small village did.

D. Maybe they hadn’t eaten enough for long before they reached the village.

3. What does Nessie look like according to some witnesses?

4. What can we learn from the second story?

A. Scientists are still not sure whether there is a monster or not in Loch Ness.

B. Loch Ness is very deep and warm lake in Scotland.

C. People have taken very clear pictures of Nessie.

D. In fact Nessie is a whale or a snake.

【拓展训练】

1.根据句意和汉语意思填写单词。

（1）________ ________ (欢迎) our school.

（2）I _______ _______ __________ _______ (希望打篮球) this evening.

2. 同义词组转换。

look after ___________________________________

(C)

Michael Jackson is one of the world's best singers. Michael Jackson was born in the middle west of the city of Gary, Indiana, in 1958. He began singing with his four brothers. They called the group "The Jackson Five". The group became very popular after appearing on a television program. They started singing in 1965, and became popular soon. In 1970 the group made their first record with the name of "I Want You Back". It was very popular. One of their hit records was "Never Say Goodbye".

Michael was good at dancing as well as singing, for example, his dance moves and moon walking. He was asked to act in a film in 1978 for the first time, and in the same year he made a record on his own, which sold eight million copies all over the world.

Michael nearly didn't go out because he was too famous. Once his fans went off in a faint(晕倒) when they saw him at the concert. No one can do it by now. He lived in a large house and kept lots of animals. He never ate meat. He often raised money for Charity. This made him win the Guinness World Records（吉尼斯世界记录）in 2006. He died on June 25th, 2009, but he would live in our heart forever.

1. How many people are there in Michael's group?

A. Three.

B. Five.

C. Four.

D. Six.

2. What's the name of their first record？

A. "Never Say Goodbye".

B. "See You, See Me".

C. "I Want You Back".

D. "On the World".

3. The underlined word "copies" means in Chinese.

A. 抄写

B. 张/份

C. 复制

D. 模仿

4. Michael was good at according to the passage.

A. rock music

B. street dance

C. playing the piano

D. moon walking

5. Why did Michael have to stay at home most of time?

A. Because he was too famous.

B. Because he often felt lonely.

C. Because he had no friends.

D. Because his company asked him to do so.

拓展训练

同义句转换

1.Sally is good at dancing as well as singing.

Sally is good at not only _________ but also __________.

2.Jackson made a record on his own.

Jackson made a record _________ _________.