高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题
必修五Unit1讲义
characteristic n. 特征；特性指某人或某物天生有别于他人的内部特质
Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.
character （高考三大意思）
1. 表示人的“性格”或“品质”
They are twins but have quite different characters.
It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character 2. 表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可数名词。如：
Who is the main character in the play?
3. 表示“文字”，指书写符号或印刷符号等，是可数名词。如：
He writes beautiful characters.
Chinese character 汉字
analyse sb's character
build and form one's character
radium n. 镭
painter n. 画家；油漆匠
必修注意：paint做动词两个意思：1. 绘画 2. 粉刷，油漆
put forward 提出；把时钟往前拨，把东西往前移（常忘记的词组）
Who put forward a theory about black holes?
He put forward a new plan.
Put your watch forward; it's five minutes slower.
Why don't you put your chair forward to get a better view?
put down 记下；放下；镇压put out 熄灭
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期
put up；举起；张贴；搭建put on 穿上；上映，上演；增加
put away 收好，整理，归类
The band are hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.
I can eat what I want but I never put on weight
We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common
scientific adj. 科学的
conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出
conclusion n. 结论；结束
draw a conclusion 提出结论
analyse vt. 分析
infect vt. 传染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（比如说水质被污染不干净了）affect effect 辨析
affect强调影响的动作，过程。（做动词）
The divorce affected Jim deeply
Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives
effect强调影响的结果（一般做名词，有时也动词），常接句型：have an effect on sth. If an area is affected by flooding, the effect can be devastating。
infectious adj. 传染的
defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败
[辨析]win, beat与defeat
win “赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat “战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换
We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.
They won the battle but lost many men.
The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams. expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家
attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加（照顾可加to也可不加）
attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting/school
attend to : to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护
The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.
Mother had to attend to her sick son.
physician n. 医生；内科医师physicist:物理学家
doctor 医生,是个通用词,几乎什么场合都能用.
physician 主要是指“内科医生”,与“外科医生（surgeon）（此单词要背）”相对,当然在美语中我也经常听到普通医生也说surgeon.
expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose…to（to做介词）使显露；暴露
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(书本原句) 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：
The book written by Luxun is very popular.
The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.
expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun.
be exposed to sth.(to做介词)
His skin is exposed to the sun
We are supposed to be exposed to as much art and culture as possible.
deadly adj. 致命的
cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗
outbreak n. 爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）
challenge n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战
victim n. 受害者
victim是受害人，受伤或在意外中死亡的人都可以称为victim
Not all the victims survived.
sufferer是受难者或患病者，一般指遭受苦难或患病的人
absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心句型：be absorbed in
(1)专注，聚精会神
be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into = concentrate on 集中精力做某事
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call.
Absorbed in his work，T om simply forgot food and sleep.
（2）吸收，把……吸收入
Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.
suspect vt. 怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
enquiry n. 询问(此单词高考少见，不过生活中倒是见得多，=inquiry)
比如说某个单位的问询处，公安办案的询问，都是此单词
neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近in the neighborhood 在附近
severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的(=so serious)
I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldn’t go back home in time.
He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital.
I suffered a severe attack of toothache.
clue adj. 线索；提示
pump n. 泵；抽水机vt. （用泵）抽（水）
Cambridge 剑桥大街
foresee vt. 预见；预知
fore为前缀：在前面，在以前。由此可得出很多词汇的大概意思
forearm n. 前臂forehead n. 前额
foresight n. 先见之明,远见,深谋远虑foretaste n. 预尝,先试
foretell v. 预言,预测forewarn v. 预先警告
foreword n. 前言,引言,序forecast v./n.
foreground n. 前景（background 背景）
investigate vt. & vi. 调查
investigation n. 调查
blame vt. 责备；谴责过失；责备
blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.因某事责备某人
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.
be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
pollute vt. 污染；弄脏
handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵= deal with （此单词两个意思老会忘记其中
一个，必须牢记）
germ n. 微生物；细菌
link vt. & n. 连接；联系
link…to…将……和……联系或连接起来
announce vt. 宣布；通知
certainty n. 确信；确实
instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导
responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的（be responsible for 对......有责任）
名词形式为responsibility 责任
初学此单词及其容易与response混淆
response n. 回应，回复（the response to）,动词形式为respond
There has been no response to his remarks from the government
construct vt. 建设；修建
construction n. 建设；建筑物（under construction 在建设当中）
contribute vt. & vi. 捐献，贡献；导致，助于
1.此单词初三学过一个短语为make a contribution to（为.....作出贡献）
This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
2. His research has contributed a lot to our understanding of this disease.
He promised to contribute $5,000 to the school rebuilding project.
3. contribute to可表示“导致，促成；有助于”。此句型的结构和意思有点类似于lead to Smoking certainly contributed to his early death.
apart from 除……之外；此外
1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”
Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.
除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”
I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。
firework n. 烟火（燃放）
chart n. 图表
creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
co-operative adj. 合作的
positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
（be）strict with…对……严格的
revolutionary adj. 革命的；重大变革的
movement n. 移动；运动；动作
make sense 讲得通；有意义
It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat for these cheaper ones are just as good.
backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）
loop n. 圈；环
privately adv. 私下地；秘密地
spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转；纺（线或纱）
brightness n. 明亮；亮度；聪颖
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的句型：be enthusiastic about
cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的be cautious about 对......谨慎名词是：caution reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃
universe n. 宇宙；世界
过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
相当于一个定语从句
The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention：过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳the gone days 逝去的时光
fallen leaves 落叶
2）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?
the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）
boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）
fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）
a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）
a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人
falling leaves正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves落叶
a retired worker退休工人an escaped prisoner逃犯
3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
the problem discussed yesterday is very complicated
the problem being discussed is very complicated
过去分词做表语
1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态
All the windows are broken.
All hope is gone.
He looked worried after reading the letter.
常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost等。
注意
过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。
My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）
1. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
3. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by
her mother.
A.buying
B. being bought
C. were bought
D. bought
5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
6. The computer center,_____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
7. Cleaning women in big cities get _____ by the hour.
A.pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
8. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A.separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___ as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party.
A.get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
高中英语必修五练习题
高中英语必修五练习题 Module 1 British English and American English 一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分） 1、They are father and son, but strangely they have nothing in______. A. common B. total C. general D. particular 2、______ with people in the West, people in the East pay much attention to their families. A. Comparing B. Compared C. Compare D. To compare 3、My foot is very big, so they often ______ it ______ a little boat. A. compares; to B. compares; with C. compare; to D. compare; with 4、Although some people raised objections at the meeting, most of them were _____ the reform. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. instead of D. by means of 5、Samantha is very familiar _____British English. A. to B. in C. with D. for 6、The two cars are very _______ size and design. A. similar to B. similar in C. different from D. familiar with 7、——Does Callum have a new camera? ——Yes. In fact, it is quite similar ______ yours. A. as B. like C. to D. with 8、_____ her help, we were able to finish the work yesterday. A. Results in B. Brought in C. Introduced to D. Thanks to 9、He used ____ on the right in China in the past, but now he gets used ___ on the left in England. A. to drive; to drive B. to drive; driving C. to driving; to drive D. to drive; to driving 10、With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty ____ finding the old man’s house. A. to B. in C. with D. for 11、People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual 12、You can ask him again if you like, but it won’t __ any difference ___you—he will still say no. A. take; to B. make; with C. make; to D. take; with 13、The play succeeded, ______ the fine cast. A. but for B. thanks to C. as a result D. now that 14、I like traveling, but it is hard to get ______ without a car. A. down B. out C. around D. along 15、The children have picked _______ the local accent. A. up B. out C. on D. off 16、——Sorry, I ______ to post the letter for you. ——Never mind. _______ it myself after school. A. forget; I’d rather post B. forget; I’m going to post C. forget; I’ll post D. forget; I’d better post 17、Which of the following is wrong? A. stand in line B. queue up C. stand in a queue D. stand in a line 18、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on 19、The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 20、The good result _____ the correct methods, that is, correct methods ______ good result. A. is due to; lead with B. is due to; lead to C. is due for; lead to D. leads to; are due for
人教版高中英语必修五电子课本
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
高中英语必修五笔记文章知识点
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.360docs.net/doc/aa3335940.html,pare A with B 与…比
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结
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1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看