【2015年考研】名师总结英语同义词替换,写作主题词汇
一、阅读中的同意替换
1.purchasing power of incomes
Maximizetheir incomes=increase the purchasing power of incomes(同意替换)
2.property=real estate(同意替换)
stockexchangeB,venture investment
3.precision=accuracy
4.Thinking ability=critical thinking=creative=innovation
5.reasoning=logical thought=thought
6.popular culture=common culture
7.cultural power=assimilating power
8.more often than not=often
The decline of telephone is but all too natural in communicationdevelopment.
He more often than not comes here.(短语精讲)
9.prevent(同意替换)=hinder=refrain=deter(同意替换)
翻译:他生病了所以没有去。Illness prevented him from going there.
10.judge=Justice(必考含义)
11.apprehension(必考含义)=worry
apprehensiveability理解能力
12.mind=people=individual同意替换
13.faith=confidence=assertiveness信心(同意替换)
14.drug=medicine
15.dismiss斥责=rebuke=criticize
16.tap开发tap the market=explore themarket=expand the market
17.verbally
18.entail=make=cause
19.nature;nurture/born;made/inherited;acquired/(先天和后天)innate(同意替换)
cognitive/intuitive made/born
20.attribute=character=trait=merit=feature=virtue特点;特质(同意替换)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a416243038.html,plementary=auxiliary(同意替换)
22.suits=enable(同意替换)=entail
23.visualize=imagine=conceive
24.mechanical=unchanged(同意替换)
Mechanical learning(短语搭配)
Dynamic=changeable=variable;vary
Modify=change
25.distinction=fame(同意替换)(必考词义)
26.implication;connotation;suggestion;reference;(同意替换)
carry important implications for(短语动词)
27.accumulation=expansion(同意替换)=augmentation
28.literally=actually=absolutely(同意替换)
逐字地;照字面地;确实地,真正地;[口语]差不多,简直(用于加强语意)29.initiatives=measures(同意替换)
Initiatives=intention
Initiative=active
Initiative=primitive=beginning
30.spontaneity=informal(同意替换)
craft=formal
endeavors=efforts=acts Act
31.Doubt=deny=don’t believe
Suspect=believe
32.Determine=find out
33.经济下滑,衰退
slowing economy
softening economy
stagnant economy
economic recession
economic decline
economic stagnation(stagnant).
Depression
Slowdown
34.symptoms=negative example
35.frames=body
36.grasp=understanding
37.reshape=remold
38.entitle
we are entitled to some privileges.
Some privilege sare given to us.
Some privileges are conferred on us.
二、必备写作主题词汇
Discipline,Practicality,Unity and Creativity
严谨求实团结创新
Dedication to Public Interests,Acquisition of All-round Capability,and Aspiration for Progress with Each Day 允公允能日新月异
Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort
规格严格工夫到家
Pursue Excellence,Strive for Perfection
自强不息止于至善
Study Extensively,Enquire Accurately,Reflect Carefully,Discriminate Clearly,Practise Earnestly
博学审问慎思明辨笃行
Seek Truth from Facts
实事求是
Solidarity,Diligence,Practicality and Creativity
团结勤奋求实创新
Be United,Alert,Earnest and Lively
团结紧张严肃活泼
Dedication and Practicality
奉献求实
Seek Truth and Be Creative
求是创新
Noble in Spirit;Boundless in Knowledge
气有浩然学无止境
Be Honest and Intelligent,Study Hard and Act Sincerely
诚朴雄伟励学敦行
Patriotism,Advancement,Democracy and Science
爱国进步民主科学
Self-discipline and Social Commitment
自强不息厚德载物
Strive for Perfection
止于至善
Rich in Knowledge and Tenacious of Purpose;Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting with Self-practice.
博学而笃志切问而近思
Loyalty,Credibility,Sincerity,and Piety忠信笃敬
三、必考短语
1.to keep your head above water可以用来形容某人虽然手头比较紧,但还可以勉强维持。
2.to be in deep water的意思是陷入困境。
3.a big deal常被用来形容某人或某个情况、形势非常重要。
4.A wild goose chase字面上的意思是“追逐野鹅”,形容那种花很多的时间和精力去徒劳的追求某件事情,而这样的追求不是没有方向就是方向错误。
5.如果你对艺术、音乐或戏剧特别感兴趣,那么人们可能会把称为一个a culture vulture文化狂热分子。
6.a flash in the pan意思是昙花一现,指短时间的走红或暴热。
7.a flash of inspiration就是说一个人头脑里突然冒出一个创新或革新的想法或闪念。
8.with flying colours不是“飞起来的颜色”,而是表示某人以“优异成绩”取得成功。
9.fly off the handle的意思是大发脾气,勃然大怒。
10.to get a handle on something的意思是理解、掌握某事。
11.once in a blue moon’的意思是千载难逢的,罕见的,难得的。
12.the sky is the limit,意思是没有限制,任何可能性都存在。
13.如果有人叫你pull yourself together,意思就是告诉你要控制自己的情绪或行动。
14.to pay lip service意思是说得好听,没有行动,甚至言不由衷。比如你说你支持什么事情,但实际并非如此。
15.To give someone some lip的字面意思是给某人一些嘴唇,但实际表达的意思是顶嘴,出言不逊。
16.face(something)head-on的时候,也就是说我们勇敢面对并处理碰到的问题或困难。
例句:Youth unemployment will continue to rise till the government decides to face the
chronic lack of good schools head-on.
17.如果说某事是a long shot,意思是实现此事的机会不大。
18如果说一个人在假装地高兴或故作镇定,好像什么事情都没有,就可以说put on a brave face即装作若无其事的样子。
19.如果你坚持做某事直到you are blue in the face,意思就是你花很长时间做一件事情,做到脸都发青了也没用,不会成功。
20.当你拿到的是the lion's share,这就是说你得到的那一份是最大的。
21.get to grips with的意思是认认真真地处理碰到的难题。
例句:The government is having trouble getting to grips with the problem of rising unemployment.
22.to flip out意思是由于震惊而失控暴怒。
例句:The flight was cancelled and lots of passengers started flipping out at the airline staff.
23.The flip side是另一个意思,表示反面,特别指物体或论点的负面,不利面。
例句:The Olympics is a great event;on the flip side it's very expensive to host.
24.In deep water是另一个英语短语,意思是你遇到了麻烦,很可能是棘手的大麻烦。
25.当你看到一个杯子里有半杯水,你会说这个杯子是half full还是half empty呢?你的选择将显示你的性格取向和世界观。如果你说the glass is half full,那么你就是个乐观主义者;如果你选择the glass is half empty,那你应该是个相对比较悲观的人。
26.当我们形容某人有a second wind的时候,这就是说他们恢复了精力,再次崛起或继续做什么事情。例句:Observers said Barack Obama was judged to have lost the first Presidential debate with Republican challenger Mitt Romney,but got a second wind in the second and third
debate.
四、美国法院介绍
从级别来讲美国法院分为:联邦法院和州法院
一.美国联邦法院(Federal Courts)
联邦法院又分为:普通法院和专门法院。
普通法院分为三级,从下到上分别是:
1.地方法院United States District Court
2.上诉法院(除了联邦区域上诉法院)District Court of Appeals.
3.最高法院United States Supreme Court
专门法院有:
1.破产法庭(U.S.bankruptcy Court)
2.税务法庭(United states Tax Court)
3.国际贸易法庭(United States Court of International Trade)
4.美国联邦权利申诉法院(United States Courts of Federal Claims)
5.美国军事上诉法院(United States Courts of Appeals for Armed Forces)
6.美国联邦巡回上诉法院(the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit)
这是最著名的法院:
CAFC最为人熟悉的职能是作为对专利确权、侵权诉讼的专属上诉法院。它受理来自美国专利商标局(PTO)的关于专利审查案件、美国联邦地区法院(DCT)专利侵权案件、和来自美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)的“337调查”案件的上诉。自其成立以来,美国联邦巡回上诉法院审理的案件大约有三分之一涉及专利。
7.联邦区域上诉法院(United States Courts of Appeals)(也称Federal Judicial Circuits)(下设11个巡回法庭分辖11个区域)
8.美国退伍军人权利上诉法院(United States Courts of veterans Appeals)
补充说明:美国宪法指明要成立最高法院,其余法院由美国国会授权成立。
Federal courts
The federal court system is made up ofseveral levels of hierarchical court.The top-level court is the United
StatesSupreme Court.Below this are the District Court of Appeals.Below this is theUnited States District Courts,for various geographical areas as defined by theUnited States Congress.
二.州法院(State courts)
State courts take a wide variety of forms,as defined by each state's legislature.For example,in New York,there is a Supreme Court which isactually the lowest-level trial court;its name is based on the fact that it ishigher ranked than all administrative and local courts.The highest court in New York is the New YorkCourt of Appeals.
一般而言州法院分为三级:
1.州最高法院(State Supreme Court),(有些州不设)
2.州上诉法院(Superior Court of Appellate Division),、
3.初审法院(County or Municipal Court)
基本职能介绍:
联邦系统法院管辖的案件主要是:①因联邦法律、条约或州宪法而系争的所谓“联邦问题案件”,包括宪法规定由最高法院初审或终审的案件,以及联邦法律规定由联邦系统的法院专属管辖的案件,如破产案件等。②双方当事人为不同国籍或州籍而且系争数额达一万美元的案件,可由当事人自行决定由联邦法院或州法院审理,但离婚案件除外。③联邦其他法院移送的案件,以及原属联邦与州双重管辖而双方当事人自愿转由联邦法院审理的案件。不属联邦法院专属管辖的案件,州法院均可管辖。至于各州之间的管辖,由于法律规定各异,与适用何州法律的冲突法问题密切相关,是美国法中争执较多、解决较难的问题。
Today's sentence:
Even in today's hyperpartisanWashington,the odds still favor such a deal.
译:就算在今天的华盛顿,两党意见空前分歧,我们依然相信,这样的计划最终一定会出台。
本句中。最难可能就属这个单词“hyperpartisan”难了点,该单词是个合成词,其中“hyper”adj.高度紧张的;亢奋的,过度兴奋的;易激动的,为英语俚语用词,“partisan”n.(党派等的)强硬支持者;党人,合成词在本文的语义环境中,。单独译为一个句子:两党意见空前分歧
Odds:机会依然垂青于这样的计划(转译为我们依然相信”。
五、熟悉的陌生词
1.edge优势
(to)gain competitive edge(必考含义)
2.unseemly behavior(必考含义)
unethical
decent
3.impossibly=very(必考含义)
It is an impossibly unpopular behavior.
4.school学派,流派
Chicago school of economy(必考含义)
5.fashion policies/laws推行法律(必考含义)
6.cause事业great cause必考含义
7.delivery传递方式(content and delivery)(必考含义)
8.contend认为(必考含义)argue(认为)
9.exceptional例外的,特殊的;优秀的必考含义
exceptional,brilliant;great,successful;well accepted,good enough;mediocre;exceptional children
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a416243038.html,pare/contrast(必考含义)
11.knowledge了解,知道(必考含义)
The consuming habits of consumers have been recorded by the browserswithout their knowledge.
12.weather克服(必考含义)
13.intelligence智商;情报(必考含义)
intellect有知识的人;
Intellectualism
14.discipline纪律,教训,惩罚,学科;(必考含义)
15.overlook忽视overrate
16.acquisitive(对钱财等)渴望得到的,贪得无厌的;
vanity;vulgar;greedy
17.fairly(过得去)strictly=very=strikingly=deliciously
18.Approach:方法(必考词义)
19.push进取,积极
passion,work,focus,push,ideas,improve,work,persist.
20.high profile必考词义形容人:高调的;形容事情:引人注目的;
much publicized同意替换
21.game猎物
22.spell一段时间(optimistic spell)
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the1960s and1970s
23.odd=strange;odd staff;
24.controversialist(必考词义)
25.entertaining=interesting
26.code规则
27.far-reaching;farfetched
28.the superiority
The inferiority
The powerful/The powerless
29.blame
A is to blame for B.
That is not to say that mobile phone alone is to blame for the sorrystate of affairs.
30.temper=curb=control=harness
31.broker(经理人)
32.vulnerable=susceptible
(易于受…的影响/伤害)
Remain immune to
The young is susceptibleto the advertisement.
She is the susceptiblenature.
The citizens arevulnerable to the exploitation.
Vulnerability=weakpoint
33.off shoring离岸外包
34.version
variation
35.cover报道
36.buy:I don't buy it
37.draft(制定)
38.assume承担
39.literature材料
40.Legal community法律界