供应链管理 第三版 Unit17 习题与答案

供应链管理 第三版 Unit17 习题与答案
供应链管理 第三版 Unit17 习题与答案

Chapter 17

Information Technology and the Supply Chain

True/False

1. Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides

the basis upon which supply chain managers make decisions.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

2. Information is the supply chain driver that serves as the glue allowing the other

three drivers to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

3. Information makes the supply chain visible to a manager so that he can make

decisions to improve the supply chain’s performance.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

4. Information is not necessary for management to make decisions over a broad

scope that crosses both functions and companies.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

5. Information must be 100 percent correct in order to make good decisions.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

6. To make good decisions, a manager needs to have accurate information

regardless of how long it takes to acquire it.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

7. Often companies will have large amounts of data that are not helpful with

decision making.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

8. Information is only a key ingredient at each stage of the supply chain, not within

each phase of supply chain decision making.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

9. The driver of IT in the supply chain has increasingly been the enterprise software

developed to enable processes both within and across companies.

Answer: True

10. The unsuccessful categories of software will be those focused on the supply

chain macro processes.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

11. This broadening of scope across which companies make decisions emphasizes

the importance of including processes all along the supply chain when making

decisions.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

12. To increase the supply chain surplus (and therefore their firm’s own profitability)

most effectively, firms must focus primarily on improving internal processes.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

13. Functional performance is important to customers because it provides them with

capabilities to create a competitive advantage.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

14. The ability to integrate is important to a customer because applications that are

easy to integrate are generally harder to get implemented and producing value.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

15. Firms that work well with implementation partners and build up large groups of

customers trained on their solutions have built a highly defensible position.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

16. The goal of the CRM macro process is to negotiate an effective contract that

establishes parameters for a supplier in a way that best meets enterprise needs.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard

17. Weakness in the CRM process results in demand being lost and a poor customer

experience because orders are not processed and executed effectively.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

18. CRM processes are crucial to the supply chain because of the lack of interaction

between an enterprise and its customers.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Moderate

19. The customer must be the starting point when trying to increase the supply chain

surplus because all demand, and therefore revenue, ultimately arises from them.

Answer: True

20. When forecasting demand, ISCM interaction with SRM is essential as the SRM

applications have the most data and insight on customer behavior.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

21. The ISCM processes should have strong integration with the SRM macro

process, because supply planning, fulfillment, and field service are all dependent on suppliers and therefore the SRM processes.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Moderate

22. Every industry has the same key success factors.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

23. Some of the worst IT disasters are due to the fact that companies try to

implement IT systems in a wide variety of processes at the same time.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy

24. Companies should use IT systems to make decisions, because the software

available today can make many supply chain decisions for management.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy

Multiple Choice

1. Information technology (IT) consists of the tools

a. used to gain awareness of information.

b. to analyze information.

c. to act on information to improve the performance of the supply chain.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Easy

2. Information is

a. the supply chain driver that serves as the glue allowing the other three drivers

to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain.

b. crucial to supply chain performance.

c. the key to the success of a supply chain.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

3. Information

a. provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute

transactions and managers make decisions.

b. makes the supply chain visible to a manager.

c. enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses

both functions and companies.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

4. Information Technology (IT)

a. consists of the hardware and software throughout a supply chain that

gather, analyze, and act on information.

b. serves as the eyes and ears (and sometimes a portion of the brain) of

management in a supply chain.

c. can have a significant impact on a firm’s performance.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

5. Which of the following is not a characteristic information must have to be useful

when making supply chain decisions?

a. Information must be accurate.

b. Information must be accessible in a timely manner.

c. Information must be interesting.

d. Information must be of the right kind.

e. All of the above are useful characteristics.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

6. To be accurate, information must

a. give the true picture of the state of the supply chain.

b. be 100 percent correct.

c. paint a picture of reality that is at least directionally correct.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

7. To be accessible in a timely manner, information must be

a. out of date.

b. current.

c. easily accessible.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

8. To be of the right kind, information needs to be

a. useful.

b. irrelevant.

c. meaningless.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: a

Difficulty: Moderate

9. Information is a key ingredient

a. at each stage of the supply chain.

b. within each phase of supply chain decision making.

c. only at each stage of the supply chain.

d. none of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

10. Enterprise software

a. collects transaction data.

b. analyzes transaction data to make decisions.

c. executes decisions both within an enterprise and across its supply chain.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

11. The successful categories of software in the evolution taking place in enterprise

software will be

a. those focused on the supply chain macro processes.

b. those not focused on the supply chain macro processes.

c. those focused on basic functions.

d. none of the above

e. both a and c

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

12. The emergence of supply chain management has broadened the scope across

which companies make decisions to

a. the supplier.

b. the enterprise.

c. the entire supply chain.

d. the customer.

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

13. Which of the following is not one of the supply chain macro processes?

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

d. Transaction Management Foundation (TMF)

e. All of the above are supply chain macro processes.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

14. Processes that focus on downstream interactions between the enterprise and its

customers are included in

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM).

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).

d. Transaction Management Foundation (TMF).

e. none of the above

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

15. Processes that focus on internal operations within the enterprise are considered

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM).

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).

d. Transaction Management Foundation (TMF).

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy

16. Processes that focus on upstream interactions between the enterprise and its

suppliers are part of

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM).

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).

d. Transaction Management Foundation (TMF).

e. none of the above

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

17. Software that provides the foundation upon which the macro processes rest

through basic ERP systems, infrastructure software, and integration software is

a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM).

c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).

d. Transaction Management Foundation (TMF).

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

18. To increase the supply chain surplus (and therefore their firm’s own profitability)

most effectively, firms must

a. expand their scope beyond their enterprise.

b. focus primarily on improving internal processes.

c. think in terms of all three supply chain macro processes.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

19. Which of the following is not a factor determining the success of software firms

focused on a macro process?

a. functional performance

b. color and images on working screens

c. integration with other macro processes

d. s trength of the software firm’s ecosystem

e. none of the above

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

20. Functional performance is important to customers because

a. advanced functionality is rarely utilized.

b. it provides them with capabilities to create a competitive advantage.

c. the ease of use is crucial to successful use.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

21. The ability to integrate is important to a customer because

a. applications that are easy to integrate are generally easier to get

implemented and producing value.

b. applications that integrate across macro processes will be able to provide

the benefits of making decisions for the extended supply chain.

c. firms that do not have integrated solutions in all three macro processes

have a competitive advantage.

d. both a and b

e. both a and c

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

22. A firm’s ecosystem

a. is the network of software partners and, more importantly, systems

integrators and installed base.

b. provides assistance in selling and implementing software.

c. will determine how strong the network will be that provides support to a

customer both during implementation and down the road.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

23. The goal of the CRM macro process is to

a. negotiate an effective contract that best meets enterprise needs.

b. improve the design of products.

c. fulfill demand generated by ISCM processes.

d. generate customer demand and facilitate transmission and tracking of

orders.

e. none of the above

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

24. Weakness in the CRM process results in

a. orders that are not processed and executed effectively.

b. demand being lost.

c. a poor customer experience.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

25. Which of the following is a key process under CRM?

a. Strategic Planning

b. Fulfillment

c. Field Service

d. Demand Planning

e. Order Management

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

26. Which of the following is not a key process under CRM?

a. Market

b. Demand Planning

c. Order Management

d. Sell

e. Call Center

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard

27. The CRM processes are crucial to the supply chain because

a. all demand, and therefore revenue, ultimately arises from the customer.

b. CRM processes (and also CRM software) must be integrated with internal

operations to optimize performance.

c. customer-focused units should be working independently from internal

operations.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

28. The customer must be the starting point when trying to increase the supply chain

surplus because

a. customer-focused units are more effective when working independently.

b. all demand, and therefore revenue, ultimately arises from them.

c. internal operations cannot optimize performance.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard

29. Which of the following is a key process under ISCM?

a. Design Collaboration

b. Negotiate

c. Supply Collaboration

d. Supply Planning

e. Order Management

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

30. Which of the following is not a key process under ISCM?

a. Strategic Planning

b. Fulfillment

c. Supply Collaboration

d. Demand Planning

e. Field Service

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

31. There needs to be strong integration between the ISCM and CRM macro

processes because

a. the ISCM macro process aims to fulfill demand that is generated by CRM

processes.

b. CRM applications have the most data and insight on customer behavior

to be used in forecasting.

c. fulfillment and field service are all dependent on suppliers.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

32. The ISCM processes should have strong integration with the SRM macro

process because

a. SRM applications have the most data and insight on customer behavior to

be used in forecasting.

b. supply planning, fulfillment, and field service are all dependent on

suppliers.

c. order management must integrate closely with fulfillment and be an input

for effective demand planning.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

33. Which of the following is a major SRM process?

a. Strategic Planning

b. Order Management

c. Design Collaboration

d. Supply Planning

e. Fulfillment

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

34. Which of the following is not a major SRM process?

a. Supply Planning

b. Buy

c. Design Collaboration

d. Source

e. Negotiate

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard

35. ERP systems

a. were focused on building transaction management and process

automation systems.

b. proved to be the foundation for future decision support applications.

c. excelled at the automation of simple transactions and processes as well

as the creation of an integrated way to store and view.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

36. Select an IT system that addresses the company’s key success factors because

a. every industry has the same key success factors.

b. IT systems need to give a company an advantage in the areas most

crucial to the success of the business.

c. these elements do not determine whether or not a company is going to be

successful.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: b

Difficulty: Moderate

37. Take incremental steps and measure value because

a. some of the worst IT disasters are due to the fact that companies try to

implement IT systems in a wide variety of processes at the same time.

b. companies should not take a big picture perspective.

c. the big picture perspective should be implemented in digestible pieces.

d. all of the above

e. a and c only

Answer: e

Difficulty: Moderate

38. Align the level of sophistication with the need for sophistication because

a. there is a trade-off between the ease of implementing a system and the

system’s level of complexity.

b. erring on the less sophisticated side leaves the firm with a competitive

weakness.

c. trying to be too sophisticated leads to a higher possibility of the entire

system failing.

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

39. Use IT systems to support decision making, not to make decisions because

a. the software available today can make many supply chain decisions for

management.

b. companies need to maintain the amount of managerial effort they spend

on supply chain issues.

c. management needs to be able to make adjustments in the supply chain

because the competitive and customer landscape changes.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: c

Difficulty: Moderate

40. Companies need to think about the future because

a. trends in a company’s industry regarding insignificant characteristics

could become crucial in the future.

b. managers need to explore how flexible the systems will be when changes

are required in the future.

c. IT systems often last for many more years than originally planne

d.

d. all of the above

e. b and c only

Answer: d

Difficulty: Moderate

Essay/Problems

1. Explain the role of information in the supply chain.

Answer: Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it

provides the basis upon which supply chain managers make decisions.

Information is the supply chain driver that serves as the glue allowing the other

three drivers to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain.

Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the

foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and managers make decisions. Therefore, information makes the supply chain visible to a

manager. With this visibility, a manager can make decisions to improve the

supply chain’s performance. In many ways, information is the most important of

the four supply chain drivers because without it, none of the other drivers can be

used to deliver a high level of performance.

Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables

management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions

and companies. Successful supply chain strategy results from viewing the supply chain as a whole, rather than looking only at the individual stages. By taking a

global scope across the entire supply chain, a manager is able to craft strategies that take into account all factors that affect the supply chain, rather than just

those factors affecting a particular stage or function within the supply chain.

Taking the entire chain into account maximizes the profit of the total supply chain, which then leads to higher profits for each individual company within the supply

chain.

Difficulty: Hard

2. Explain the role of information technology in the supply chain.

Answer: Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it

provides the basis upon which supply chain managers make decisions.

Information technology (IT) consists of the tools used to gain awareness of

information, analyze this information, and act on it to improve the performance of the supply chain. Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it

provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions

and managers make decisions. Given the role of information in a supply chain’s

success, managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed.

This is where IT comes into play. IT consists of the hardware and software

throughout a supply chain that gather, analyze, and act on information. IT serves as the eyes and ears (and sometimes a portion of the brain) of management in a supply chain, capturing and analyzing the information necessary to make a good

decision. Using IT systems to capture and analyze information can have a

significant impact on a firm’s performance.

Difficulty: Moderate

3. Explain the characteristics information must have to be useful for decision

making in a supply chain.

Answer: Information must have the following characteristics to be useful when

making supply chain decisions:

1. Information must be accurate. Without information that gives the true

picture of the state of the supply chain, it is very difficult to make good

decisions. That is not to say all information must be 100 percent correct

but rather that the data available paint a picture of reality that is at least

directionally correct.

2. Information must be accessible in a timely manner. Often accurate

information exists, but by the time it is available, it is either out of date or if

it is current, it is not in an accessible form. To make good decisions, a

manager needs to have up-to-date information that is easily accessible.

3. Information must be of the right kind. Decision makers need

information that they can use. Often companies will have large amounts

of data that are not helpful with decision making. Companies must think

about what information should be recorded so that valuable resources are

not wasted collecting meaningless data while important data goes

unrecorded.

When managers have good information, they have supply chain visibility,

enabling them to take a global scope. With this global scope, they are

able to make the best decisions for the supply chain. Therefore,

information is a key to supply chain success.

Difficulty: Moderate

4. Describe the factors that determine the success of firms involved in the software

industry.

Answer: Among software firms focused on a macro process, the following three

factors determine their success:

1. Functional performance

2. Integration with other macro processes

3. Strength of the software firm’s ecosystem

Functional performance is important to customers because it provides them with capabilities to create a competitive advantage. In addition to raw functional

performance (qualities such as the ability to optimize both price and supply in an integrated fashion), the ease of use is crucial to success in this category. Some

software has very advanced functionality but is very difficult to use. As a result,

the advanced functionality is rarely utilized. Software firms with lower levels of

functionality but with high ease of use can, in essence, provide mo re “usable”

functionality to their customers and therefore gain an edge.

The ability to integrate is important to a customer for a variety of reasons.

Applications that are easy to integrate are generally easier to get implemented

and producing value. Integration is also crucial across different macro processes.

Applications that integrate across macro processes will be able to provide the

benefits of making decisions for the extended supply chain. This gives an edge to firms that offer a full line of integrated solutions in all three macro processes.

Finally, a firm’s ecosystem - the network of software partners and, more

importantly, systems integrators and installed base - provides assistance in

selling and implementing software. Firms that work well with implementation

partners and build up large groups of customers trained on their solutions have

built a highly defensible position. For another firm to capture this business

requires that they be so far superior that it is worth the retraining and

reintegration effort, which is often quite significant. For a customer, a strong

ecosystem means a strong network to provide support both during

implementation and down the road.

These criteria are also important for customers of supply chain software. These

criteria are the key to success for software companies precisely because they

improve supply chain performance for firms. Thus, companies should evaluate

software providers along these lines to determine their choice of software vendor.

Difficulty: Moderate

5. Discuss how the three supply chain macro processes interface in order to be

successful.

Answer: The goal of the CRM macro process is to generate customer demand

and facilitate transmission and tracking of orders. Weakness in this process

results in demand being lost and a poor customer experience because orders are

not processed and executed effectively. CRM processes are crucial to the supply chain as they cover a vast amount of interaction between an enterprise and its customers. The customer must be the starting point when trying to increase the supply chain surplus because all demand, and therefore revenue, ultimately arises from them. Thus, the CRM macro process is the starting point when improving supply chain performance. It is also important to note that CRM processes (and also CRM software) must be integrated with internal operations to optimize performance. Too often companies operate with their customer-focused units working independently from their internal operations. The need for integration between CRM and internal operations emphasizes the importance of CRM to an effective supply chain.

ISCM includes all processes involved in planning for and fulfilling a customer order. Given that the ISCM macro process aims to fulfill demand that is generated by CRM processes, there needs to be strong integration between the ISCM and CRM macro processes. When forecasting demand, interaction with CRM is essential, as the CRM applications are touching the customer and have the most data and insight on customer behavior. Similarly, the ISCM processes should have strong integration with the SRM macro process. Supply planning, fulfillment, and field service are all dependent on suppliers and therefore the SRM processes. It is of little use for your factory to have the production capacity to meet demand if your supplier cannot supply the parts to make your product. Order management, which we discussed in CRM, must integrate closely with fulfillment and be an input for effective demand planning. Again, good supply chain management requires that we integrate across the macro processes. Significant improvement in supply chain performance can be achieved if SRM processes are well integrated with appropriate CRM and ISCM processes. For instance, when designing a product, incorporating input from customers is a natural way to improve the design. This would require inputs from processes within CRM. Sourcing, negotiating, buying, and collaborating primarily tie into ISCM as supplier inputs are needed to produce and execute an optimal plan. But even these segments have the need to interface with CRM processes such as order management.

Integrating the three macro processes is crucial for improved supply chain performance.

Difficulty: Moderate

《供应链管理》期末试卷A及答案

《供应链管理》课程期末试卷A 1.常见的供应链体系结构模型包括、和三种。2.供应链体系设计的内容包括、和。3.供应链合作伙伴关系的构建原则是、、。4.批发商在供应链结构中一般执行功能,其供应链结构一般取决于 的特征、生产商所选择的渠道、消费者的购买渠道以及它自身的。5.供应链环境下采购的新特点可以概括为、 、即“三个转变”。 6依据供应商分类矩阵,供应商类型有、、、商业型。7整合供应链总体绩效度量指标包括质量、、、资产四个方面。 二、单项选择题(每小题1分,共10分) 1.每一条供应链的目标是()。 A.整体价值最大化 C.整体收益最大 2. 供应链管理的目标是()。B.整体成本最小化D.整体资金规模大 A. 提高顾客的满意度 B.占领市场 C.集成化管理 D. 参与竞争 3.为了能使供应链具有灵活快速响应市场的能力,供应链在设计时应遵循()原则。 A. 集优原则 B.简洁性原则 C.协调性原则 D. 动态性原则 4. 供应链合作伙伴关系的目的是()。 A. 缩短采购提前期,提高供货的柔性 B. 加快资金周转 C.缩短供应链总周转期达到降低成本和提高质量的目的 D.减少供应商数目 5. 在供应链管理的模式下,采购活动是以()方式进行的。 A. 订单驱动 B. 制造订单 C. 生产驱动 D.计划驱动 6. QR 是指在供应链中,为了实现共同的目标,至少在()环节之间进行的紧密合作。 A. 三个 B. 所有节点 C. 两个 D. 四个 7. ECR的主要目标是( )。 A. 增加供应链各个环节的收益C. 缩短供应链各个环节的时间B. 降低供应链各个环节的成本D. 提高了供应链各个环节的服务 8. 供应商管理最主要的两个领域是供应商的选择和( ) A. 供应商的关系管理C. 供应商的成本管理 B. 供应商的目标管理D. 供应商的考核管理 9.供应链管理主要涉及四个领域:供应、生产计划、物流、需求,在这四个领域的基础上,我们可以将供应链管理细分为( )和辅助领域。 A.职能领域 B.服务领域 C.物流领域 D.管理领域

供应链管理的试题和答案

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