Psychological
Summary:Psychological pressure is the individual adaptation inthe pro cess of a physical and psychological stress in life,the source in the environment requirementsand its abilitytocopewith imbalance;thetensi on state trend on the non specific psychological and physiological reaction.Psychological pressure is the factors that affect ourmentalhe alth and psychological pressure are greater,make ourmental health sta te is not stable, at any time into psychologicaldistress. Keyword:Psychological pressure physical environment requirements
Ability mental stable distress
Psychological pressure is the individual adaptation in the process o f a physical and psychological stress in life,the source in theenvi ronment requirements and its ability to cope with imbalance;thetensio n state trend on the non specific psychological and physiological r eaction.
Pressure is the stressor and stress reaction together constitute aki nd of cognitive and behavioral experience. People's inner conflictand associated with emotional experience is a sort of psychologicalpres sure. From the point of view of psychology, pressure is causedby e xternal events a inner experience.
No psychological pressure is not exist.We assume that thereis sucha situation,it must have enormous psychological pressure is more terr ible than.For a statement is,without the pressure of itself isa kin d of pressure,its name is called empty,Numerous works of literature and art described the emptiness.It is a less angry than death,a alive but don't feel myself in the great sadness ofliving.
In order to eliminate this emptiness,many people choose the extremem easures to find the pressure or stimulate,some people find,in thewor k,life,friendship or love;Some other people, they in the processof f inding even pay the cost of life.Such as part of a drug addict,in the beginning is empty on the road to ruin.
Psychological pressure is the factors that affect our mental.healthan d psychological pressure are greater,make our mental health stateis not stable,at any time into psychological distress,ask,canal psycholog y introduced adjust psychological pressure eight trick,hope canhelp t o you!
1pay attention to the process of dilution of the utility method.The establishment of a reasonable,objective self expectations,thegoal sho uld be reasonable, and sometimes do things to the best ofthe worst , but to the most benefits.
2empathy identification method.Correct cognitive pressure,flexible adjus tment of your own attitude.For example,when you encounter unfair thi ngs, not harmonious interpersonal relationships, unpleasant emotional experience, try empathy.
3music and physical health.
Various voices through the ear to be feeling,such as otherpeople's praise and criticism, murmuring will affectyour mind. Therefore,you c an listen to some beautiful music,relieve unpleasant feelings. Develo p a good life and self care behavior habit is very important, at the same time, creatinga harmoniousatmosphere in the family can no t be ignored.
4passage time forgetting method.Time is the best way to solve the problem, and actively forget the past, the present unhappy, at any time to correcttheir own cognitive concepts, do not let the pain of thepast to contain your future.
5 self confidence excitation method.
Believe that they are the best, the most can rely on, eachof the great cause of confidence from the start.
文献解读 The Psychological Effect of Weather on Car Purchases
由Meghan R. Busse、Devin G. Pope、Jaren C. Pope和Jorge Silva-Risso合作撰写的Quarterly Journal of Economics最新论文“The Psychological Effect of Weather on Car Purchases”实证考察了天气变化对人们购车行为的影响。人们在日常生活中做许多决策时，不仅需要充分考虑当下的成本与收益，更要对未来的期望效用进行合理评估。对汽车等耐用消费品的购买便是一个典型例子。传统经济学理论认为，购买耐用消费品时，理性个体能够最大化跨期效用进而做出最优决策。然而在现实中，人们的行为往往会受环境影响，进而呈现出不理性的特质并最终导致系统性偏误。这给传统理论提出了严峻挑战。本文试图从实证上对此进行探索，具体考察不同天气环境对人们购车行为的影响。 之所以选择汽车为研究对象，主要基于如下原因。首先，相比于其他消费品，汽车的生产、销售与购买受天气影响较小。其次，汽车颇为贵重、并将长期陪伴车主，因此消费者在购车时必定要慎重抉择，而不会轻易受其他因素干扰。基于以上原因，如果人们足够理性，那么天气基本不会影响最大化跨期效用的购车行为。相反，如果实证发现连购车行为都受到天气影响，那么其他行为也会受天气等环境因素影响进而偏离理性路径，便是可想而知的了。 正是基于汽车购买行为的典型性，本文搜集美国四千多万条汽车交易数据进行了实证分析。作者发现气温、云层、降雪等都会对人们的购车行为产生显著影响。具体而言，当气候温暖、万里无云的时候，人们的敞篷车（convertibles）购买量明显增加。估计结果显示，在控制了季节性因素之后，气温在平均水平的基础上每增加10摄氏度，敞篷车购买量便会增加2.7个百分点。当雨雪纷飞之时，人们则更为青睐普通的四轮驱动汽车（4-wheel drive vehicles）。10英寸的积雪足以使普通四驱汽车销量增加6个百分点。如何理解本文的实证结论呢？作者认为传统的理性代理人模型对此便无能为力了，而基于心理学研究的projection bias、salience等理论则颇有解释力
how to keep psychologicall healthy
How to keep psychologically healthy? According to the analysis of psychological doctor, due to social pressure increased, most of people have some psychological problems, but they don't realize that.There are many reasons account of mental illness. At first, white collar working mode as the main working mode with the social life rhythm intensifies, especially in urban white-collar workers as the main body of the crowd greater work pressure, tension is higher, faster pace of life. This kind of people in long-term mental tension state, without necessary debug, excessive physical and mental fatigue, in the course of time, will inevitably lead to anxiety, depression, mental disorders and other mental problems and diseases. Secondly, Feelings and family accidents caused by psychological stress in modern society, because of the feelings of marriage and family changes caused by psychological problems and disorders more and more.. Moreover, in modern society, the elderly love along with our country social ageing more serious, on older late-life psychiatric care has become a major social problem. At present , our country majority of older material life is satisfied, but older
ACCA P5知识点-Psychological contracts.
ACCA P5知识点：Psychological contracts 今天浦江`财经给大家介绍的是ACCA P5 human resource management当中的一个小知识点叫做：psychological contracts(心理契约）。 什么是心理契约呢？“心理契约”是美国著名管理心理学家施恩（E.H.Schein）教授提出的一个名词。他认为，心理契约是“个人将有所奉献与组织欲望有所获取之间，以及组织将针对个人期望收获而有所提供的一种配合。”心理契约可能存在于组织中的个人之间，也可能出现在组织之间。那么在这个知识点上，我们需要掌握以下几点： 1.The main contents of psychological contract -对individual来说：derive benefits and prepare to contribute a certain effort in return -对organization来说：expects the individual to fulfill certain requirements and offer certain rewards in return 2.Types of psychological contracts -Coercive contract: 对个人来说，被要求在组织中付出努力，但是the rewards are inadequate compensation -Calculative contract: 对个人来说，他们主动接受公司的合同然后希望有一个已经定好的reward，但是如果公司想要员工付出更多的努力，就需要给出更多的rewards来motivation
psychological problems
Apparently , there is a growing trend among college students that numerous psychological problems happen to them in recent years . Typical examples include cases of a Chinese student named Ma Jiajue who killed his roommates on his own . Why has this happened ? Views vary from person to person . But as far as I am concerned , the reasons can be divided into several sections as follows . For one thing , college students gradually come to realize the striking differences between the reality and ideal . Most of them are in the stage of personality formation and are quite sensitive to their surroundings . For another , they are at a critical point of personal development and are facing great pressure from various aspects , such as love , academy , job-seeking and so on . To make things worse , most of them are living off home and lack their parents care and supervision . Meanwhile , they are given so much freedom that they lose themselves in the ocean of playing and enjoying . To solve the problems , some effective measures can be taken
The importance of psychological education in college
The importance of psychological education in college More and more college students are prone to commit suicide in modern society, which has attracted the attention of the public. Hence, a number of universities and colleges offer courses to the enrolled students respecting mental health and provide psychological consultation to those students in need. I endorse the behavior of the university and college, in that psychological education is essential for college students. Psychological education helps college students handle the stress appropriately. Confronting with fierce employment pressure and parents' expectations, many college students are under great stress, and feel perplexed and agitated, which makes college students have psychological problems and some even opt to commit suicide. Thus, at this moment, psychological education is necessary for those in need, as it makes college students realize that the fulsome pressure is harmful to their health and the stress could be coped with in a proper way. Naturally, the psychological education alleviates their stress effectively and avoids the tragedies. Psychological education fosters the all round development of college students. It is generally appreciate that one's mental health state has a great impact on his integrated development. In other words, only possessing a healthy psychology do they have a well psychological diathesis, an active attitude towards the frustrations, and a good cognitive to promote their all round developments. Therefore, psychological education is all-important for college students. The psychological education is not only an indispensable complement for
专业英语课本翻译—The psychological effects of stressP188
The psychological effects of stress Selye (1976) identified the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) 一般适应综合症– a non-specific physiological response that occurs to a variety of stressful stimuli . Much research has investigated the 3 phases 阶段of the GAS . Selye在1976年提出并确定了全身适应综合症这一症状群，它是指当遇到许多紧张性刺激时出现的一种非特异性的生理反应。许多的调查已经研究了GAS的三个阶段。 Definition of stress : ‘ A pattern of negative physiological and psychological responses occurring , in situations where people perceive觉察threats to their well being which they may be unable to meet .’ Lazarus and Folkman (1984) . 压力的定义：当人们觉察到有威胁可能使自己的良好状态无法满足时，会产生一种消极的生理和心理上的反应的模式。 PHASE 1 ALARM REACTION 警觉期 The physiological response triggered 引发by stressful stimuli . 由紧张性刺激引发的生理唤醒
psychological 200字 大学英语作文
In current years, Psychological Problems in us，college students, have become more and more grievous that some indispensable actions must be taken to safeguard our mental health. Optimistic may we seem, as a matter of fact, we may under great pressure every second. For instance, we may be disappointed in love. We may fail a significant exam though we had spared no effort in reviewing these lessons. We may miss the deadline of some activities so that we are scolded by others. If we can’t deal with these things appropriately, we may suffer from mania. As a fresh man, we may be puzzled about what we shoulddo in our spare time, so some of us may waste their time in some boring activities such as playing computer games. Even worse, they may lose their passion and destination in study so that they may lose themselves in depression. As a college student, I think our teachers and principal should attach more significance to the psychological problems among college students and take some actions about that such as set up more psychological consulting rooms, start more psychological lessons and so on. May us a happy college life.
心理学观察法(Psychological observation)
心理学观察法（Psychological observation） In the past, I often saw ants eating biscuits, bread, juice and other sugary foods, but I never saw them eating sour, spicy and other things, do they really only love sweets? With this curiosity in mind, I spent the summer making a field survey of the eating habits of ants. Time: August 27, 2006 (Sunday) Weather condition: Sunny Experimenter: a pupil in grade five (assisted by father and mother) to complete the experiment Experiment site: grassland near the dam two of Ming Dynasty Tombs reservoir in Beijing (see photo 1) (drive from West Third Ring Road, Beijing, about 40 minutes) Sample preparation: prepare samples for the experiment before departure 1, first of all steamed bread (not containing sugar, etc.) cut into seven small pieces; 2. Cut the small pieces of steamed bread with honey, soy sauce, water, vinegar, hot pepper, coke and orange juice (I call them "samples"); 3. Then each sample is placed in a transparent plastic bag.
Psychological-contracts-introduction
Psychological Contracts: an introduction to the concept Richard Hall Associate Professor in Work and Organisational Studies University of Sydney While the origins of the concept of ‘the psychological contract’ can be traced to the 1960s, the idea gained widespread currency in the academic and research fields of organisational psychology, organisational behaviour and HRM in the 1990s following the publication of a key article, then a book, by Rousseau (1989, 1995) which stimulated renewed interest in the idea. The concept is now also popular in practitioner circles. Its contemporary popularity with human resource professionals is suggested by a 2002 UK survey that found that 36% of HR Managers used the concept ‘to manage the employment relationship’ and that 90% agreed that it was ‘a useful concept’ (Guest and Conway 2002). Despite its popularity in both academic and practitioner circles, the concept remains controversial for several reasons: questions remain as to the precise meaning of the concept, its theoretical and practical utility and its ideological and political usage in organisations. This overview seeks to introduce the concept by: defining psychological contract, identifying what is normally thought to be contained in one, explaining the different types of psychological contract, explaining why the concept is so popular and highlighting some potential problems with the concept. The implications of psychological contracts for management, leadership and organisations are considered in companion briefing paper –Why do psychological contracts matter? What are ‘psychological c ontracts’? While there is no one universally accepted definition of the psychological contract, most definitions tend to see it as the implicit understanding of the mutual obligations owed by an employee and their employing organisation to one another. It is often contrasted with the formal, legal employment contract that specifies the formal duties, responsibilities and obligations of employer and employee in the employment relationship. Commentators vary in the extent to which they see these two sorts of contracts as mutually exclusive, overlapping or interdependent. Shields (2007: 49), for example, sees the psychological contract as ‘filling in the gaps’ left by the formal legal contract of employment to constitute a more complete account of the entire range of mutual obligations between employer and employee. The most widely accepted definition is Rousseau’s (1995: 9): The psychological contract is individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of an exchange arrangement between the individual and their organization.
How to Improve Students’ Psychological Health
How to Improve Students’ Psychological Health? Currently, educators in growing numbers come to the knowledge that students' psychological health is of great significance. In contrary to the physical health, its influence on students can be profound and throughout their life. Considering that campus life is the main part of college students, the school authority should be , in part, responsible for the cultivation of students' psychological health. Firstly, there should be some educational courses and lectures about psychological health held in campus. In this way, students are able to have a better understanding on themselves. Therefore, they are more likely to accept their weaknesses and develop their strengths. Secondly, more attention should be paid on students' unique characteristics, which is the best way to improve their confidence. Thirdly, timely communication with parents is necessary as well. As a college student, I hold the opinion that being positive towards life is the key to be outstanding in learning as well as living. An optimistic attitude contributes to one's success, which we should bear in mind all the time.
European Journal of work and organizational psychology-psychological detachment
First publ. in: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 15 (2006), 2, pp. 197-217 Psychological detachment from work during o?-job time:The role of job stressors,job involvement,and recovery-related self-e?cacy Sabine Sonnentag Department of Psychology,University of Konstanz,Konstanz,Germany Undine Kruel Institute of Psychology,Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig,Germany Previous research has suggested that psychological detachment from work during o?-job time is important in order to recover from stress encountered at the job.Psychological detachment refers to an individual’s experience of being mentally away from work,to make a pause in thinking about work-related issues,thus to‘‘switch o?’’.This study examines job stressors,job involvement,and recovery-related self-e?cacy as predictors of psychological detachment in a sample of148school teachers.Psychological detachment was assessed by self-reports and by ratings provided by family members.Multiple regression analysis showed that workload,job involvement,and recovery- related self-e?cacy were signi?cant predictors of both self-rated and family- rated psychological detachment.The study?ndings suggest that with respect to practical implications it is crucial to manage workload and to increase recovery-related self-e?cacy. Research has shown that stressors encountered at the job have a negative e?ect on employees’mental and physical health(cf.for reviews,de Lange, Taris,Kompier,Houtman,&Bongers,2003;Kahn&Byosiere,1992; Sonnentag&Frese,2003).Particularly during the past decade researchers became increasingly interested in the question of how employees use their o?-job time to recover and unwind from stressful work.This research Correspondence should be addressed to Sabine Sonnentag,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz,Postbox D42,D-78457Konstanz,Germany. E-mail:sabine.sonnentag@uni-konstanz.de We are grateful to Charlotte Fritz,Sandra Ohly,Saskia Weh,and anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://www.ub.uni-konstanz.de/kops/volltexte/2008/5592/ URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-55925
Opening Psychological Courses
Opening Psychological Courses 1. 许多人建议大学开设心理课程 2. 我对这一问题的看法 【范文】 Recently more and more educator and common citizens suggest that universities colleges open more courses which are helpful for students' psychological health. Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons. On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment and job-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation. On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex social network. Finally, these courses also introduce good habits which are conducive to mental and psychological health. To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.
The Importance of Psychological Education in College
The Importance of Psychological Education in College College students in modern society are facing with challenges from many aspects like diploma, scholarship and career. Offering psychological courses to undergraduates has become one of the greatest concerns among universities. Some think that there is no need to design psychological classes for college students while others hold the opposite opinion. Personally, psychological education is necessary for college students. First of all, psychological education makes it possible for students to know some professional knowledge in Psychology. They may use what they have got in classes to help themselves or others around them get rid of being involved in mental problems ahead of things getting worse. Secondly, college students are under the position of changing their status that they need conducts to help them adapt to the change. Psychological education enable students to get professional conducts from their psychological teachers who are experts in helping people find their right way and move on. Thirdly, it is psychological education that offers students a chance to know how to handle problems resulting from too much stress in their study and life. They can make full use of what they have learnt to keep themselves away from depression or even suicide. Lastly, psychological education, as a part of college education, makes college education systems perfect. All in all, from what has mentioned, we may easily see that psychological education in college can do good to both college and its
Psychological Problems of University Students
1.当代大学生的心理问题现状. 2.造成该现状的原因. 3.给出自己对于改变该现状的建议及看法. Psychological Problems of University Students Nowadays, psychological problems are becoming more and more common among university students, severely affecting their academic performance in the campus as well as their social performance in the future. It is high time the schools and the whole society paid their full attention to the psychological health of the university students. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Some students are tortured by not getting along well with classmates or roommates, more than too often they tend to settle the misunderstandings over violence, or choose to hide their emotions, which always lead to more serious psychological problems. Being frustrated in love can make the students think of extreme ways of ending their misery, taking revenge or committing suicide might happen in that case. Poverty can deprive a student’s confidence，making them feel inferior compared to their peers. And pressure from the study and the job-hunting competition are also contributors to all kinds of psychological problems. As a college student myself, I think we should try to be strong and reasonable enough to face the new challenges in our new life, and I sincerely recommend the schools to offer more psychological instructions.