2016英语四级万能作文模板详解及高频词汇
对比观点题型：
1、The topic of ①(主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③(理由二) .
Moreover, ④(理由三)
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),
⑦(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨(原因) . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
2、Some people believe that ①（观点一）. For example, they think ②（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．
解决方法题型：
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１．问题现状２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem A which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明Ａ的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状).
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another (解决方法二). Finally, (解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).
说明利弊题型:
１．说明事物现状２．事物本身的优缺点３．你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)
议论文的框架:
(1) 不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the
opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that 观点一. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People,however,differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 观点二. In their point of view, on the one hand，__原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二__. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二_.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.It is not only because _____, but also because ______. The more __ ___, the more ________. （2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题____ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文来自作文地带
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all,途径一 . In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途径二 .
Above all, to solve the problem of 作文题目 , we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法 .
解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1．问题现状
2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明Ａ的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).
对比选择型作文模板
When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views .
Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another,＿＿＿ .
In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ .
It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
1．说明事物现状
2．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
3．你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First (Ａ的优点之一). Besides （A的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,(A的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, (对前景的预测)．)
现象解释型作文模板：
Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿. There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．
Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿
问题解决型作文模板：
With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿ . On the one hand＿＿＿＿, On the other hand＿＿＿＿,
However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿ . Secondly ＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.
In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand,_______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
实用性写作(申请信)
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver''s address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of
the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X
对比观点题型
（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1．有一些人认为
2．另一些人认为
3．我的看法。。。
The topic of （主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of （支持A的理由一）What is more, 理由二). Moreover, (理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),(理由三).
From my point of view, I think （我的观点）. The reason is that (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
现象说明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining________________.The main reason is__________________.
what is more_______________.thirdly_______________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,____________.For one thing__________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion______________.
一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。
2．分析并举例使其更充实。
The good old proverb （名言或谚语）reminds us that (释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-(理由一). For example, (举例说明). Secondly,(理由二). Another case is that -(举例说明). Furthermore , (理由三)．
In my opinion, -(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
议论文的框架
(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.. 话题作文：
这个模板的中文大意是：在某种场合，发生某种现象，并提供一些相关数据，然后列出这种现象的三个原因，并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因，最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说，利用这个模板写英语作文，是相当容易的，您只要将适当的内容，填写到对应的方括号中，一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。下面就是这个模板。
Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].
模块（一）
Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 用具体数据说明
XX现象). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that ( 原因一 ) .Besides,( 原因二 ) . The third reason is ( 原因三 ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 指出主要原因 ) .
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 解决建议一 ).On the other hand ,(解决建议二 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX .
模块（3）
Currently,XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .
It is clear that (XX的第一个优点). If you (支持XX的做法), as a result ,your dreams willcome true . On the contrary, if you (不支持XX的做法). Failure will be following with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through .
No one can deny another fact that (XX的第二个优点) .You donn''t have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (举例证明优点二) . It will exert a profound influence upon (说明XX优点三的影响).
With reference to my standpoint ,I think (7).
模块（4）
For most of us today ,(人们针对XX的态度和举措).From above ,we can find that the reasons why (归纳现状) are as follows.The primary reason ,i think, is (第一个原因).Second,(第二个原因).The third reason, actually ,is (第三个原因
).The significance for (重申造成现状的最重要原因) 。Therefore ,(我的建议).
模块（5）
These days we often hear that ( 1 ).
It is common that ( 2 ).
Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social
protects? For one thing ,( 3 ).
For another,( 4 ). What is more,since ( 5 ),it is natural that ( 6 ).
To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worthtrying .We should do something such as ( 7 )to improve he present situation ,and i do believe everything will be better in the future .
A
abbreviation n.节略，缩写，缩短
abide vt.遵守vt.忍受
abolish vt.废除，取消
absent a.不在意的
absorption n.吸收；专注
abstract a.理论上的n.抽象
absurd a.不合理的，荒唐的
abundance n.丰富，充裕
accessory n.同谋a.附属的
accord n.调和，符合；协议
acknowledge vt.承认；告知收到
acquaint vt.使认识，使了解
action n.作用；情节
adhere vi.粘附；追随；坚持
adjacent a.毗连的；紧接着的
adjoin vt.贴近，毗连；靠近
adjustable a.可调整的，可校准的
administration n.局(或署、处等)
admiration n.钦佩；赞美，羡慕
adoption n.收养；采纳，采取
adore vt.崇拜；很喜欢
advantageous a.有利的，有助的
advertise vt.通知vi.登广告
advocate n.辩护者vt.拥护
aerial a.空气的；航空的
aerospace n.航空和宇宙航行空间affirm vt.断言，批准；证实
agitation n.鼓动，煸动；搅动
agreeable a.惬意的；同意的
alas int.唉，哎呀
album n.粘贴簿；相册；文选alert a.警惕的；活跃的
algebra n.代数学
alien a.外国的n.外国人
alignment n.队列；结盟，联合
allied a.联合的；联姻的
allowance n津贴，补助费
alongside prep.在…旁边
ally n.盟国，同盟者，伙伴alteration n.变更，改变；蚀变
alternate vt.使交替a.交替的
amateur a.业余的n.业余爱好者ambassador n.大使，使节
ambient a.周围的，包围着的ambiguous a.模棱两可的；分歧的ambitious a.有雄心的；热望的ample a.足够的；宽敞的amplitude n.广大；充足；振幅amusement n.娱乐，消遣，乐趣analogue n.类似物；同源语analogy n.相似，类似；比拟analytic(al) a.分析的；分解的anniversary n.周年纪念日announce vt.报告…的来到annually ad.年年，每年
anode n.阳极，正极，板极answer vi.符合，适合antarctic a.南极的n.南极区antenna n.触角；天线
antique a.古代的n.古物anybody n.重要人物
apparent a.显然的
appendix n.附录，附属物；阑尾applaud vt.喝彩；欢呼vi.欢呼applause n.喝彩；夸奖，称赞appreciable a.可估价的；可察觉的appreciation n.欣赏；鉴别；感激
apt a.恰当的；聪明的
arc n.弧，弓形物；弧光arch n.拱门vt.用拱连接architect n.建筑师；创造者arctic a.北极的n.北极
array vt.装扮n.队列；排列ascend vi.攀登，登高；追溯ascertain vt.查明，确定，弄清ascribe vt.把…归于
ashore ad.在岸上，上岸
ass n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤assault vt.袭击；殴打n.攻击assert vt.断言，宣称；维护assessment n.估定；查定；估计数assumption n.采取；假定；傲慢assurance n.保证；财产转让书astonishment n.惊奇，惊讶astronomy n.天文学
atom n.微粒；微量attachment n.连接物，附件；爱慕attendance n.到场；出席人数
attendant n.侍者；护理人员attorney n.代理人；辩护律师audience n.正式会见；拜会author n.创造者，创始人automate vt.使自动化
avail vt.有益于n.效用availability n.有效(性)；可得性aviation n.飞行
awake vi.认识到
awful a.威严的；令人崇敬的awkward a.不雅观的
axial a.轴的；轴向的
axis n.轴，轴线；第二颈椎axle n.(轮)轴，车轴，心棒
B
baby n.一家中年龄最小的人bachelor n.未婚男子；学士bacon n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉bacterium n.细菌；拳击迷badge n.徽章，像章；标志baffle vt.使挫折n.迷惑
bait n.饵；引诱物
balcony n.阳台；楼厅，楼座bald a.秃头的；无毛的ballet n.芭蕾舞；舞剧bamboo n.竹；竹杆，竹棍bandage n.绷带，包带
bandit n.土匪，盗匪，歹徒bank vi.把钱存入银行banker n.银行家
bankrupt a.破产的vt.使破产banquet n.宴会，盛会，酒席barely ad.仅仅，勉强
barge n.驳船；大型游船barley n.大麦
barometer n.气压计，睛雨表baron n.男爵；贵族；巨商barren a.贫瘠的；不妊的baseball n.棒球；棒球运动basement n.地下室；地窖；底层basin n.内海；盆地，流域battery n.炮兵连；兵器群battle vi.战斗vt.与…作战bazaar n.集市，廉价商店bead n.有孔小珠；露珠beam vi.发光，发热；微笑bearing n.支承；忍受；方位bed n.河床，(湖)底，矿床beetle n.甲虫；近视眼的人beforehand ad.预先；提前地bend vt.使屈从vi.屈从bestow vt.把…赠与between ad.当中，中间beware vt.&vi.谨防，当心bewilder vt.迷惑，把…弄糊涂bid vt.命令vi.报价bishop n.(基督教的)主教bitterness n.苦味，辛酸，苦难blacksmith n.铁匠，锻工
blast n.管乐器的声音
blaze vt.使燃烧vi.燃烧bleach vt.漂白vi.变白
blind n.百叶窗；窗帘；遮帘block n.阻塞；障碍物；炮闩blond n.白肤金发碧眼的人blouse n.女衬衫；童衫；罩衫blue a.伤心的；下流的blunder vi.犯大错n.大错blush vi.脸红，害臊n.脸红board vt.(收费)供…膳食body n.物体；(液)体；实质boiler n.锅炉；热水贮槽bore n.讨厌的人；麻烦事bound a.应当的；必定的bourgeois a.资产阶级的；平庸的box n.专席
boycott vt.&n.联合抵制
brace n.支柱vt.拉紧，撑牢brand vt.在…上打烙印breakdown n.崩溃，倒塌；失败breakfast vi.吃早餐
breed n.(动物)品种
bribe n.贿赂vt.向…行贿bridegroom n.新郎
bridge vt.架桥于，用桥连接bridle n.笼子；束缚vt.抑制brightness n.明亮，辉煌，聪明broaden vt.&vi.放宽，变阔bronze n.青铜色
brood vt.沉思vi.郁闭地沉思Buddhism n.佛教，释教
budget n.预算，预算案
buffalo n.水牛；水陆坦克
bug n.虫子；臭虫
bugle n.军号，喇叭
bull n.买空的证券投机商
bulletin 告示，公告，公报
bump vt.撞击vi.撞n.肿块bureaucracy n.官僚主义；官僚机构burglar n.夜盗，窃贼
burial n.安葬，埋葬，埋藏
burner n.灯头，煤气头
bushel n.蒲式耳(容量单位)
butt n.大酒桶，桶
buzz vi.(蜂等)嗡嗡叫
bypass n.旁通管vt.绕过
by-product n.副产品
C
cable n.海底电报
calculus n.微积分；结石
calibration n.校准；标定，刻度
can vt.装罐头
cane n.(藤等)茎；手杖
cancel vt.删去，勾销，取消capability n.能力，才能；性能
capacitance n.电容，电容量
capacitor n.电容器
cape n.披肩，斗篷；海角captive a.被俘虏的；被迷住的carry vt.刊登
cartoon n.漫画，动画片
cartridge n.弹药筒，子弹；软片catalogue vt.为…编目录
catalyst n.催化剂；刺激因素
category n.种类，类目；范畴
cater vi.迎合，投合
Catholic a.天主教的n.天主教徒caution n.小心；告诫vt.警告cautious a.小心的，谨慎的
cavity n.洞，穴，空腔
cement vt.粘结vi.粘紧
censor vt.审查，检查
cereal n.谷类，五谷，禾谷
certainty n.确实性，确信，确实challenge n.艰巨任务；要求回避champion n.斗士；提倡者characterize vt.表示…的特性charcoal n.炭，木炭；生物炭charge n.负荷；充电vt.装满charm n.魅力；妩媚vi.迷人charter vt.租n.宪章；契据chatter vi.&n.喋喋不休
cheat n.欺诈；骗取
check n.支票，帐单cherish vt.珍爱；怀有(感情) chestnut n.栗子；栗树；栗色chill vi.感到寒冷；冷淬chip n.薄片，碎片
choice n.入选者a.优等的chop n.一块排骨，肉块chord n.(乐器的)弦vi.协调chorus vt.&vi.合唱
Christ n.救世主(耶稣基督) Christian a.基督教的
cigar n.雪茄烟，叶卷烟circular n.传单，通报，通函circulation n.循环；(货币等)流通circus n.马戏；马戏团
cite vt.引用，引证；举例civilian n.平民a.平民的
claim n.权利，所有权clamp n.夹子vt.夹住，夹紧clap n.拍手喝采声；霹雳声clash n.碰撞声；抵触，冲突clasp vt.扣住，扣紧，钩住classic n.名著a.不朽的clatter n.得得声，卡嗒声cleanliness n.清洁
clearing n.(森林中的)空旷地client n.顾客；诉讼委托人climax n.(兴趣的)顶点
cling vi.粘住；依附；坚持clinic n.诊所，医务室；会诊clip vt.夹住n.夹子，钳子clip vt.剪；剪辑报刊cloak vt.掩盖，覆盖，掩饰clockwise a.&ad.顺时针方向转的closet n.小房间；壁碗橱cloudy a.混浊的；模糊不清的clown n.(马戏的)小丑，丑角cluster n.一串vt.使成群clutch vt.抓住vi.掌握，攫
coach vt.辅导，指导，训练cock n.旋塞，开关，龙头coefficient n.协同因素；系数，率coffin n.棺材，柩
coherent a.粘着的；紧凑的
coin vt.铸造(硬币) coincide vi.相符合；相巧合coke n.焦炭vt.&vi.炼焦collaborate vi.协作，合作；协调collide vi.碰撞；冲突，抵触colonial a.殖民地的，殖民的colonist n.移民；殖民地居民combat vt.跟…战斗vi.格斗combustion n.燃烧；氧化；骚动comedy n.喜剧；喜剧场面commence vt.开始vi.获得学位commend vt.称赞，表扬；推荐commission n.委托，委任；委托状commodity n.日用品，商品，物品commonplace a.平凡的n.平常话commonsense a.有常识的commonwealth n.共和国；联邦compact a.紧密的vt.使紧凑comparable a.可比较的；类似的compatible a.一致的；兼容制的compensate vt.&vi.补偿，赔偿compensation n.补偿，赔偿，赔偿费competitive a.竞争的，比赛的competitor n.竞争者，敌手complaint n.疾病，病痛；主诉complement vt.补充n.补足(物) completion n.完成，结束，完满complexity n.复杂(性) complication n.复杂，混乱；并发症compliment n.问候vt.赞美，祝贺comply vi.应允，遵照，照做composer n.作曲家；调停人composite a.合成的n.合成物composition n.组成，构成，结构comprehend vt.了解，理解，领会compression n.压缩，压紧，浓缩compulsory a.强迫的，义务的conceit n.自负，自高自大conceive vt.设想，以为；怀孕concentrate vt.&vi.浓缩，提浓conception n.概念，观念，想法concern n.所关切的事；商行concert n.一齐，一致，协作concession n.让步，迁就confidence n.私房话，秘密，机密confidential a.秘密的；亲信的confirmation n.证实，确定；确认conform vt.使遵守vi.一致confront vt.使面对；使对证conqueror n.征服者，胜利者consciousness n.意识，知觉，觉悟consequence n.重要(性)，重大意义consequent a.作为结果的；必然的conservative a.有保存力的，防腐的consistent a.前后一致的，连贯的console n.悬臂，肘托；控制台consolidate vt.巩固vi.合并constituent a.形成的n.选民constitute vt.构成，组成constitution n.(人的)体格，素质constraint n.强迫，结束；强制力construction n.结构；作图(法) consul n.领事
consumer n.消费者，用户consumption n.消费(量)，灭绝contend vi.竞争vt.坚决主张context n.上下文；来龙去脉continental a.大陆的，大陆性的contradict vt.反驳，否认
contrary n.反对命题
contrast vt.使对比vi.形成对比controversy n.争论，辩论，争吵convention n.公约，(换俘等)协定convert vt.转变，改变，变换convey vt.传达；传播；转让conviction n.确信，信服，深信cooperative a.合作的n.合作社coordinate a.同等的n.同等的人correctly ad.正确地，恰当地correlate n.互相关联的事物correlation n.相互关系；对射correspondence n.通信；符合；对应corrosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀；锈corrupt vt.贿赂a.腐败的cosmic a.宇宙的；广大无边的cosmos n.宇宙；秩序，和谐couch n.睡椅，长沙发椅
counsel n.商议；忠告；律师
count n.起拆理由，罪状
counter a.&ad.相反的(地)
courageous a.勇敢的，无畏的
courteous a.有礼貌的，谦恭的
courtesy n.礼貌，谦恭，请安
coward a.懦怯的，胆小的
crab n.蟹，蟹肉vi.捕蟹
crack vi.&vt.发出爆裂声
cradle n.摇篮，发源地
craft n.技巧
crank n.曲柄vi.转动曲柄
crash vi.撞坏，摔坏，砸碎
credit vt.&n.相信，信任
crisis n.危机；转折点
crisp a.脆的；卷曲的
criterion n.标准，准则，尺度
crooked a.弯的，歪的；畸形的cross a.易怒的；杂交的
cruelty n.残酷；残酷行为
cruise vi.巡航vt.巡航于…
cubic a.立方体的；立方的
cuckoo n.杜鹃，布谷鸟
curly a.卷曲的；有卷毛的
currency n.通货；通用；市价
currently ad.普遍地；当前
custom n.海关，关税
customary a.通常的；照惯例的
cutter n.用于切割的器械
cylinder n.圆筒；柱(面)；汽缸D
damn vt.诅咒n.诅咒；丝毫datum n.资料；数据；已知数dazzle vt.&vi.炫耀；迷惑
deafen vt.使聋；使隔音
deal vi.做买卖；对付
dealer n.商人，贩子；发牌者dean n.(大学)院长，系主任decay vt.使腐朽，使腐烂
decidedly ad.明确地，坚决地
decimal a.小数的，十进制的
decisive a.决定性的；果断的
declaration n.宣布，宣言；申诉
decline vt.下倾；偏斜；衰退
decompose vt.&vi.腐败；分解decorative a.装饰的；可作装饰的decree n.法令，政令；教令dedicate vt.奉献；献身
deem vt.认为，相信vi.想deepen vt.加浓
default n.&vi.不履行；缺席deficiency n.缺乏；不足之数deficient a.缺乏的；欠缺的define vt.规定；立(界限) deflect vt.&vi.(使)偏斜deflection n.偏斜，歪斜；偏差deform vt.损坏…的形状deformation n.损坏；变形；畸形defy vt.向…挑战；蔑视degradation n.降级；退化；衰变degrade vt.使降给；使堕落delegate n.代表，委员，特派员deliberate a.深思熟虑的；审慎的deliberately ad.审慎地，故意地denial n.否定；拒绝相信denote vt.指示，意味着denounce vt.谴责，声讨；告发dentist n.牙科医生dependant n.受赡养者；侍从deposit n.押金；寄存物deposition n.免职，罢免；口供depression n.消沉；不景气萧条期deprive vt.夺去；使(人)失去deputy n.代理人a.副的derivation n.引出；起源；衍生descendant n.子孙，后裔；弟子descent n.下降；出身；斜坡desert vt.遗弃；擅离(职守) designate vt.指出，指示；指定desolate a.荒芜的；孤独的dessert n.甜点心
destine vt.命定，注定；预定destiny n.命运，天数destructive a.破坏(性)的，危害的detach vt.分开；派遣(军队) detail n.琐碎，小事
detain vt.耽搁；扣押，拘留detective n.侦探，密探detector n.发觉者，探测器develop vt.使(颜色等)显现deviate vt.(使)背离，偏离
deviation n.背离，偏离；偏差数devotion n.献身，热诚，专心devour vt.吞食；吞灭，毁灭diagnose vt.诊断(疾病)
dictator n.独裁者，专政者diesel n.柴油发动机，内燃机diet n.饮食，食物
difficult a.难以满足的
dignity a.尊贵；(举止)庄严diminish vt.减少，减小，递减dine vi.吃饭vt.宴请dioxide n.二氧化物
diploma n.毕业文凭，学位证书diplomatic a.外交的；有策略的directory n.姓名地址录；董事会disagreement n.不一致；争论disappearance n.消失，消散；失踪disastrous a.灾难性的；悲惨的discern vt.看出，辨出；辨别discount n.折扣；打折扣卖discourse n.讲话，演说，讲道discrimination n.辨别；识别力；歧视disgrace n.失宠，耻辱，丢脸disillusion n.觉醒vt.使觉醒dismay n.惊慌，沮丧，灰心dismiss vt.忘掉
disorder n.疾病，小病dispatch vt.派遣；调度n.急件disperse vt.(使)分散；驱散displace vt.移置；取代；置换displacement n.移置；免职；置换disregard vt.不管，不顾n.不管dissatisfaction n.不满，不平
dissipate vt.驱散；浪费vi.消散dissolve vt.解除(婚约等) distinct a.独特的
distinctly ad.显然，清楚地distinguish v.使显出特色，使杰出distort vt.歪曲，曲解，扭曲distortion n.弄歪，歪曲；畸变distract vt.分散(心思)；打扰disturbance n.动乱；干扰；侵犯diverge vi.分岔；分歧diversion n.转移；改道；娱乐divert vt.使转向vi.转移divine a.神的；敬神的
dizzy a.头晕眼花的，眩晕的dock vt.把…引入船坞
doctrine n.教义，主义；学说
documentary a.纪录的，文献的
dome n.圆屋顶，拱顶
domestic a.养在家里的
dominant a.统治的n.主因
dominate vt.统治，支配，控制
doom n.命运，毁灭vt.注定doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能
dove n.鸽子，斑鸠
drain vi.(水等)流掉
drainage n.排水；下水道
drama n.戏剧性事件；戏剧性drastic a.激烈的；严厉的
drawback n.退款；妨碍；弊端
dreadful a.可怕的；令人敬畏的
dry a.干巴巴的，枯燥的
duke n.公爵，君主；手
duplicate n.复制品vt.复制
dust n.垃圾，废品，灰烬
dwarf n.矮子，侏儒
dwell n.居住vi.凝思，细想
dynamic(al) a.机能上的
dynamo n.发电机
E
ear n.(稻麦等的)穗
earnings n.工资，收入；收益
earthenware n.陶器
eastward a.&ad.向东的，向东
echo vt.反射(声音等)
eclipse n.(日，月)食
ecology n.生态学；个体生态学economically ad.节约地，在经济上
economics n.经济学；经济
edit vt.编辑，编纂；校订
editorial n.社论，期刊的社论
Egyptian a.埃及的n.埃及人
eject vt.逐出，排斥；喷射
elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝
elbow vt.用肘挤，挤进
electrician n.电工，电气技师
electrode n.电极；电焊条
electronics n.电子学
elegant a.(举止、服饰)雅致的
elemental a.基本的；自然力的elevate vt.提高(思想)；抬高elevation n.高度；标高；隆肿elliptical a.椭圆的；省略的eloquence n.雄辩；口才，修辞embarrass vt.使负债；使复杂化embassy n.大使馆；大使的职务embody vt.体现；包含，收录embrace vt.包括，包含；包围embroidery n.绣花，刺绣；绣制品emerge vi.浮现，出现；显露emigrate vi.永久移居国外emission n.散发；传播；发出物empirical a.经验主义的
enchant vt.迷住；用魔法迷惑enclosure n.围绕；围场，围栏end n.目标，目的endanger vt.危及，危害endeavor vi.&n.努力，尽力endow vt.资助；赋予，授予endurance n.耐久力，持久力energetic a.积极的；精力旺盛的energize vt.给与…能量；电压engage vt.使(齿轮等)啮合engagement n.婚约；约会，债务enhance vt.提高，增加；夸张enlighten vt.启发，开导；启蒙enrich vt.使富裕；使丰富enroll vt.登记，招收vi.参军enterprise n.艰巨的事业；事业心entertainment n.招待，招待会
entitle vt.把…称作
entreat vt.&vi.恳求
entry n.通道；条目environmental a.环境的，环境产生的episode n.一段情节；插曲epoch n.(新)时代；历元equation n.平衡；平均；反应式equator n.赤道，天球赤道equilibrium n.平衡，均衡；均衡论equivalent a.等面(体)积的
erect a.竖起的
erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀；糜烂errand n.差使，差事
escort n.&vt.护卫，护送essence n.本质，本体；精华
essential a.特发的；自发的
establish vt.使…被永久地接受
estate n.房地产；财产，产业eternal n.永久的；不朽的
evaporate vt.使脱水vi.发散蒸气even a.同一日期的
evenly ad.一致地，平静地
everlasting a.永久的；持久的
evil n.邪恶，罪恶；祸害
evolution n.开方；(天体的)形成excel vt.胜过vi.杰出
except vt.把…除外，除去
exceptional a.例外的；优越的
excess n.过度行为，暴行
excessively ad.过分，极端地
exclamation n.呼喊，惊叫；感叹
exclusive a.除外的；孤傲的
excursion n.离题
excuse vt.与…辩解；使免除execution n.实行，执行；处死刑executive n.总经理，董事
exemplify vt.举例证明(解释)
exert vt.发挥(威力)，施加
exile vt.流放n.被流放者
expect vt.料想，认为
expedition n.探险；探险队
expenditure n.(时间等)支出，消费expel vt.驱逐，开除；排出experimentally ad.实验上，实验性地
experimentation n.实验，试验；实验法expire vi.满期，到期；断气
explicit a.明晰的；直率的
exploration n.考察；勘探；探查
exposition n.说明，解释；陈列
extinct a.绝种的；熄灭了的
extinguish vt.熄灭，扑灭；消灭
extra n.附加物；额外的人手extract vt.取出；榨取n.摘录
extraction n.抽出；提取法；摘要extraordinarily ad.非常地，特别地
extravagant a.奢侈的；过度的
extreme n.极端不同的性质
F
fabricate vt.制作，组合；捏造
fabrication n.制作，构成；捏造
facilitate vt.使容易；助长faction n.派别，宗派，小集团fair a.美丽的
fake n.假货，膺品a.假的fall vi.变成，成为；陷于fantastic a.空想的；奇异的fascinate vt.迷住vi.迷人fastener n.扣件，钮扣，揿钮faultless a.无过失的；无缺点的fearless a.无畏的，大胆的
feel vi.摸起来
fell vt.砍倒(树等)；砍伐fellowship n.伙伴关系；联谊会feminine a.女性的；女子气的fence n.击剑(术) vi.击剑ferrous a.铁的；亚铁的
ferry n.渡船；渡口vt.运送fertile a.(创造力)丰富的fighter n.斗争者；战斗机filament n.细丝；长丝；灯丝fill vt.担任(职务)；填补filter vi.滤过
filth n.污秽，污物；淫猥finance vt.提供资金
finely ad.精细地，美好地finite a.有限的；有尽的fireplace n.壁炉
firework n.爆竹，花炮，烟火firmness n.坚固，坚定，稳固first-rate a.第一流的，优秀的fission n.裂开；分裂生殖fitness n.适当，恰当；健康fitting a.适当的n.配合fixture n.固定；定期存款flake n.片，薄片；肌膈flame vi.发火焰vt.点燃flank n.肋，肋腹；侧面flannel n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服flap vt.&n.拍打vi.拍动flask n.瓶；火药筒；砂箱flatten vt.把…弄平；击倒flatter vt.奉承，阿谀，谄媚flavour vt.给…调味
flaw n.缺点，瑕疵；裂隙flee vi.逃走vt.逃避flexible a.灵活的，可变通的flight n.溃退，逃跑；外流fling vi.&vt.(用力)扔，抛float n.漂浮物；浮标，木筏flock vi.群集，聚集fluctuate vi.波动vt.使波动fluctuation n.波动；脉动；踌躇flush n.兴奋，脸红；发烧flutter vi.(鸟)振翼；飘动
flux n.流；涨潮；流量
fly v.飞跑，逃跑，消失foam n.泡沫；泡沫塑料follow vt.从事(职业)，经营follower n.契据的附面；从动件footpath n.小路，人行道
fore ad.在前面a.先前的foreign a.无关的
foresee vt.预见，预知，看穿forge vt.打(铁等)，锻造formal a.形态的；规范的formerly ad.以前，从前formidable a.可怕的；难对付的formulate vt.用公式表示formulation n.明确的表达
forsake vt.遗弃，抛弃，摒绝fort n.要塞，堡垒forthcoming a.即将到来的；现有的fortress n.堡垒，要塞
forum n.论坛，讨论会forward ad.向前，将来vt.转递fossil n.化石a.化石的foster vt.养育，抚养；培养foul a.肮脏的；丑恶的fowl n.家禽；禽肉fraction n.分数；分馏的部分fracture n.破裂；裂痕vi.破裂fragile a.脆的；体质弱的fragrant a.香的，芬芳的
frail a.脆弱的；意志薄弱的framework n.机构，组织，体制freight n.运费；货运；负担frequency n.频繁，屡次；频率frequent a.常见的；频繁的freshen vt.使显得新鲜
fret vt.&vi.(使)烦恼friction n.擦热皮肤
fright n.惊吓，恐怖
frightful a.可怕的；讨厌的
fringe n.穗，毛边；边缘
fro ad.往，去，回，向后
frock n.(女)上衣，罩衫
frustrate vt.挫败；使无效
furious a.狂暴的；强烈的
further vt.增进
fury n.狂怒，暴怒；猛烈
fuse n.保险丝，导火线
fuss n.忙乱；吹捧vi.忙乱G
gamble n.赌博vt.冒…的险
gangster n.匪徒，歹徒，暴徒
gap n.山口，山峡；差距
garage n.汽车修理站；飞机库garlic n.蒜，大蒜
garment n.衣服；服装，衣着
gather vt.推测，推断
gathering n.集会，聚会，聚集
gear n.齿轮，传动装置
generalization n.一般化；概括，综合
generalize vt.概括出vi.形成概念
generate vt.发生，产生；生成
generosity n.慷慨，宽宏大量
geographical a.地理的；地区(性)的
geology n.地质学；(某地)地质geometrical a.几何学的
germ n.细菌，病原菌；幼芽gesture vi.(讲话时等)做手势
gigantic a.巨大的；巨人似的
ginger n.姜，生姜
gleam n.微光vi.发微光
glider n.滑翔机；滑翔导弹
global a.球面的；全球的
glorify vt.赞美(上帝)；颂扬
glossary n.词汇表；术语汇编
glue vt.粘牢
gnaw vt.啃，咬断vi.啮
goddess n.女神；绝世美女
goodness n.善良，善行，美德
gorilla n.大猩猩；暴徒，打手
gorgeous a.绚丽的；极好的
gossip n.闲谈；碎嘴子；漫笔govern vt.决定，支配；控制
grab vt.&vi.攫取，抓取
gracious a.谦和的
gradient n.斜坡a.倾斜的
gramophone n.留声机
granite a.花岗岩，花岗石
grant n.授予物，拨款
graphite n.石墨，石墨电极
grasshopper n.蚱蜢，蝗虫，蚂蚱
grassy a.草多的；草似的
grateful a.可喜的，令人愉快的
gravel n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石graze vi.喂草；放牧(牲畜)
grease n.动物脂，脂肪
greed n.贪心，贪婪
grief n.悲哀，悲痛，悲伤
grim a.冷酷无情的，严厉的grin vi.咧着嘴笑
grind vt.折磨，压榨
groove n.槽vt.开槽于
grope vi.(暗中)摸索，探索
gross a.(语言、举止)粗俗的
grove n.林子，小树林，园林growl vi.(狗等)嗥叫；咆哮
grumble vi.抱怨，发牢骚
grunt vi.作呼噜声；咕哝
guilt n.有罪，犯罪；内疚
guitar n.吉他，六弦琴
gust n.阵风，一阵狂风
gutter n.沟，边沟；檐槽
H
hail vt.向…欢呼vi.招呼
halve vt.对分；平摊
ham n.火腿；(兽类的)后踝hamper vt.妨碍，阻碍，牵制handbook n.手册，便览，指南
handicap vt.妨碍，使不利
handout n.施舍物，救济品
handy a.方便的；便于使用的harbour vt.隐匿，窝藏；怀着
hard a.(酒)烈性的
hardy a.强壮的，耐劳的
harmonious a.和谐的，协调的
harp n.竖琴；天琴座
harsh a.粗糙的；严厉的
hatch vt.舱盖，舱口；短门
haughty a.傲慢的，轻蔑的
haul vt.拖曳；拖运
haunt vt.常去vi.经常出没hazard vt.使遭危险n.危险head vt.用头顶(球)vi.出发heading n.标题，题词，题名headlong a.&ad.头向前的(地) headquarters n.总局，总店
hearth n.壁炉地面；炉边heater n.加热的人，加热器hearty a.衷心的；丰盛的heave vt.(用力地)举起；抛Heaven n.上帝，神
heighten vt.加高，提高；增加hemisphere n.半球；半球地图henceforth ad.今后，从今以后herald ad.传令官；通报者herb n.草本植物；香草herd vt.放牧vi.成群hesitate vi.含糊，支吾；口吃hide n.生皮，兽皮，皮革hike vi.作长途徒步旅行hindrance n.障碍，妨碍
hinge n.合页，折叶，铰链hip n.臀部，髋；屋脊hiss n.嘶嘶声vi.嘶嘶作声historian n.历史学家；编史家historic a.历史的；历史性的
hit n.轰动一时的人(或事) hitherto ad.迄今，到目前为止hoarse a.(声音)嘶哑的
hoe vt.&vi.锄地
hoist vt.升起vi.扯起来hollow vt.凿空vi.变空homely a.家庭的；家常的homogeneous a.同类的；均匀的hook vt.用钩连接，用钩挂hop vi.跳舞；(人)单足跳horizon n.层位
horn n.角状物，角制品hose n.长筒袜；软管hospitality n.好客，殷勤；宜人hostage n.人质，抵押品hostess n.女主人；旅馆女老板hostile a.敌对的；不友好的hound n.狗；角鲨；卑鄙的人house n.议院，会议厅
hover vi.徘徊；傍徨；翱翔
howl n.嚎叫；哀号vi.吠
hug vt.搂n.紧紧拥抱
hull n.外壳，豆荚；薄膜
hum n.嗡嗡声vt.哼曲子
humanitarian a.博爱的n.慈善家
humanity n.人类；人性，人情
humidity n.湿气；湿度
hurl vt.猛投vi.猛冲
hurrah int.好哇，万岁，乌拉
hurricane n.飓风，十二级风
hurt n.损伤，伤害，创伤
hush n.沉默int.嘘！
hydraulic a.水力的；水力学的
hydrocarbon n.烃，碳氢化合物
hymn n.赞美诗，圣歌；赞歌hypothesis n.假设；前提
I
ice vt.使成冰vi.结冰
icy a.冰冷的；冷冰冰的
idealism n.唯心主义；理想主义
ideally ad.理想地；理论上
identical a.同一的；恒等的
identification n.认出，鉴定；身份证
idiot n.白痴；傻子
idleness n.懒惰；赋闲无事
ignite vt.引燃vi.着火
ignorance n.无知，无学，愚昧
illiterate a.文盲的n.文盲
illuminate vt.照明，照亮；阐明
illusion n.幻想；错觉；假象
imitation n.仿制品，伪制物
immerse vt.沉浸；给…施洗礼
immigrate vt.(使)移居入境
immortal a.不朽的；永生的
impart vt.给予，传递；告诉
impartial a.公正的，无偏见的
implement n.工具，服装vt.贯彻
implore vt.乞求，恳求，哀求
impose vi.利用；欺骗
impress vt.盖印，在…打记号
improper a.不适当的；不合理的impulse n.推动，冲力；冲动
impurity n.不纯；杂质；不道德
inaccessible a.达不到的，难接近的
inaccurate a.不精密的，不准确的inadequate a.不充足的，不适当的inasmuch ad.因为，由于inaugurate vt.开始；使就职incapable a.无能力的；无资格的incense n.香，熏香；香气incidence n.发生，影响；入射incidentally ad.附带地；顺便提及inclination n.倾斜，点头；斜坡incline n.坡度
inclusive a.包围住的；包括的incompatible a.不相容的incomplete a.不完全的，未完成的incorporate vt.结合，合并，收编incredible a.难以置信的，惊人的indefinite a.无限期的
indicative a.指示的；陈述的indignation n.愤怒，愤慨，义愤indispensable a.必不可少的，必需的individual a.特殊的
indoor a.室内的；室内进行的induce vt.劝诱；引起；感应induction n.就职；归纳推理indulge vt.放纵(感情)vi.纵情industrious a.勤劳的，勤奋的inertia n.惯性，惯量；无力inevitably ad.不可避免地
infect vt.使受影响infectious a.传染的；感染性的infer vt.&vi.猜想，臆测inference n.推论；推断的结果inferior n.下级；晚辈，次品infinite n.无限；无穷(大) infinitely ad.无限地，无边地infinity n.大量，大宗；无穷大inflation n.通货膨胀，物价飞涨influence n.势力，权势ingenious a.机灵的；精巧制成的ingenuity n.机灵；设计新颖ingredient n.配料，成分
inherent a.固有的，生来的initial a.词首的
initially ad.最初，开始
initiate vt.开始，创始；启蒙initiative a.创始的n.第一步inject vt.注射；注满；喷射inland a.国内的；内地的inlet n.进口，水湾vt.引进innovation n.创新，改革，新设施innumerable a.无数的，数不清的inorganic a.无生物的；无机的input vt.输入n.输入
insert vi.(肌肉)附着
insight n.洞察力，洞悉，见识insignificant a.无意义的；低微的insistent a.坚持的；逼人注意的inspector n.检查员；巡官inspiration n.灵感；妙想；鼓舞instability n.不稳定性；不坚决installment n.分期付款instantaneous a.瞬间的，即刻的instructor n.指导者，教员instrumental a.仪器的；有帮助的insulate vt.使绝缘，使绝热insulator n.隔离者；绝缘体intake n.吸入；输入能量integral a.组成的；整的integrate vt.使结合，使并入integrity n.诚实，正直
intellect n.理智，智力，才智intent a.目不转睛的，热切的interact vi.相互作用interconnect vt.使互相联系intercourse n.交际，往来，交流interface n.分界面
interior n.内部a.内部的intermediate n.中间体；调解人interpret vt.解释vi.口译intervene vi.干涉，干预；播进interview vt.接见，会见，会谈intonation n.语调，声调；发声introduce vt.提出(议案等) invalid n.病人a.有病的invariably ad.不变地，永恒地inversely ad.相反地
invoice n.发票，发货清单
ion n.离子
irregularity n.不规则；不整齐irrespective a.不考虑的，不顾的irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗法
irritate vt.激怒；引起不愉快Islam n.伊斯兰教，回教
ivory n.象牙；牙质；乳白色J
jack n.起重器；传动装置
jam n.堵塞vt.使…堵塞
jealousy n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌
jean n.斜纹布，牛仔裤
jelly n.冻，果子冻；胶状物jerk vt.猛地一拉vi.急拉
Jesus n.耶稣
jewellery n.珠宝，珠宝饰物
jingle vt.&vi.(使)丁当响
jog vt.使(马等)缓步行进
jug n.带柄水罐，大壶
junction n.连接；接头；中继线jungle n.丛林，密林，莽丛
junior n.年少者；晚辈
Jupiter n.丘庇特；木星
K
kernel n.(果实的)核；谷粒
kidnap vt.诱拐，绑架
kidney n.肾，腰子；性格
kilowatt n.千瓦(特)
kindle vt.点燃vi.着火
kinetic a.动力(学)的；活动的
kit n.成套工具；用具包
knight n.骑士，武士；爵士L
lace vi.系带，用带子束紧
landscape n.风景，景色，景致
largely ad.大规模地
late a.去世不久的
latent a.存在但看不见的
lathe n.车床vt.用车床加工
latitude n.纬度；黄纬
lattice n.格子；点阵，网络
laundry n.送洗衣店去洗的东西leaflet n.传单，活页；广告
leakage n.漏，泄漏；漏出物
lease n.租约，契约，租契
legislation n.立法；法规
length n.程度，范围
lengthen vt.使延长vi.变长
leopard n.豹
lessen vt.减少vi.变少
lever n.途径，工具，手段
liability n.责任；倾向；债务
liable a.有(法律)责任的
lighter n.打火机，引燃器
likelihood n.可能(性)
likeness n.同样；类似，相似
lily n.百合，百合花，睡莲limb n.分支，突出物
limestone n.石灰石
limp vi.蹒跚，跛行n.跛行line vt.加衬里于
linear a.线的；长度的
liner n.班船，定期班机
linger vi.逗留，徘徊；拖延
lining n.(衣服里的)衬里
lipstick n.唇膏，口红
literal a.文字(上)的；字面的
literally ad.照字义，逐字地
literary a.精通文学的
litter n.废物，杂乱vi.乱扔
lobby n.前厅，(剧院的)门廊locality n.位置，地点，发生地
location n.定位，测位；测量
locomotive a.运动的；机动
locust n.蝗虫；洋槐，刺槐
lodging n.寄宿，住宿；住所
lofty a.高耸的；高尚的
log n.航海日志；飞行日志longing n.渴望a.显示渴望的
longitude n.经线，经度
loosely ad.松松地，松散地
loosen vi.变松
lounge n.(旅馆等的)休息室
lubricate vt.使润滑vi.加润滑油
luminous a.发光的；光明的
lump vt.(使)成团vi.结块
lunar a.月亮的
luncheon n.午宴，午餐，便宴
luxurious a.爱好奢侈的，豪华的M
magician n.魔法师；变戏法的人magistrate n.地方行政长官
magnet n.有吸引力的人(或物) magnetism n.磁；魅力；催眠术
magnify vt.放大，扩大magnitude n.大小；重大；星等maid n.少女；处女
maiden n.少女，未婚女子main n.总管道，干线maintenance n.扶养；坚持
majesty n.威严，尊严；陛下makeup n.组织；性格；化装品malice n.恶意；蓄意犯罪mammal n.哺乳动物
manifest vt.表明a.明白的manipulate vt.操作；控制，手持mansion n.大厦，大楼；宅第manuscript n.手稿，底稿，原稿maple n.槭树，枫树
margin n.余地；幅度；赚头marginal a.记在页边的；边缘的market vt.(在市场上)销售Mars n.火星；战争
marsh n.沼泽地，湿地marshal n.元帅；陆军元帅martyr n.烈士，殉难者marvel n.奇迹；惊奇vt.惊奇masculine a.男性的；强壮的massacre n.大屠杀，残杀massive a.粗大的；大而重的mast n.桅杆；杆vt.扯帆mature vt.使成熟vi.成熟measurement n.(量得的)尺寸，大小mechanics n.力学，机械学；结构mechanism n.机械装置；机制meditate vt.沉思，冥想，反省melancholy n.&a.忧郁(的)，悲伤melody n.旋律，曲调；歌曲membership n.成员资格；会员人数menace vt.&vi.&n.(进行)威胁mend vt.改正，修正；改进merchandise n.商品，货物
merciful a.仁慈的，宽大的mercury n.汞，水银；水银柱merit vt.值得vi.应受赏(罚) mesh n.网眼，筛孔，网络mess vt.弄脏，弄乱，搞糟message n.启示，要旨，教训metallic a.金属的n.金属粒子metallurgy n.冶金学，冶金术metropolitan a.主要都市的n.大主教microprocessor n.微信息处理机microscopic a.显微镜的，微观的microwave n.微波
mighty a.强大的；巨大的migrate vi.迁移，移居
mild a.(烟、酒)味淡的milky a.牛奶的；乳白色的millionaire n.百分富翁，巨富mingle vt.使混合vi.混合起来miniature n.缩影a.缩小的minimize vt.使减到最小
mint n.薄荷；薄荷糖
mint n.造币厂；巨额，富源mirror n.反映，借鉴
mishief n.调皮，捣蛋，胡闹miser n.守财奴，吝啬鬼misery n.痛苦，悲惨，不幸misfortune n.不幸，灾祸，灾难missionary n.传教士
mist n.薄雾vi.下薄雾mistress n.情妇，情人
mitten n.连指手套；露指手套mixer n.混合者，搅拌器mob vi.聚众闹事
mobilize vt.动员vi.动员起来mock n.嘲弄vt.嘲弄，挖苦moderately ad.适度地，适中modesty n.谦逊；端庄；羞怯modification n.缓和；修改；修饰modulate vt.调整，调节(声音) module n.模数；模；组件molecular a.分子的；克分子的momentary a.瞬息间的，片刻的monarch n.君主，最高统治者monk n.和尚，僧侣，修道士monopoly n.垄断，独占，专利monster n.怪物；畸形的动植物monstrous a.可怕的；极大的moor vt.使停泊；使固定mop n.墩布，洗碗刷morality n.道德，美德，品行mortgage n.抵押vt.抵押Moslem n.&a.穆斯林(的) mosque n.清真寺
moss n.苔藓，地衣
motel n.汽车游客旅馆
motive a.发动的，运动的
motorway n.汽车道，快车路
mount v.装配；固定n.支架
mountainous a.多山的；山一般的
move n.行动，步骤
multiplication n.增加；繁殖；乘法
multitude n.大批，大群；大量
municipal a.市的，市立的
murmur n.低沉连续的声音
muscular a.肌肉发达的，强健的muse vi.沉思，默想，冥想
mustard n.芥子，芥末
mute n.弱音器；闭止音
mystery n.神秘小说，侦探小说N
napkin n.餐巾(纸)
narration n.叙述；故事；叙述法
negative a.负的，阴性的
negligible a.微不足道的
negotiate vi.谈判，交涉，议定
neighbouring a.邻近的，接壤的
nest vi.筑巢vt.为…筑巢
net vt.用网捕；用网覆盖
network n.网络；广播网
neutron n.中子
nice a.细微的，微妙的
nickel n.镍；镍币
nickname n.绰号，浑号
nightmare n.恶梦；经常的恐惧
nominate vt.提名，推荐；任命
norm n.标准，规范；平均数normalization n.正常化，标准化
northward(s) ad.向北方a.向北的
nose n.突出部分(如船头等) notable n.值得注意的；著名的noted a.著名的，知名的
notify vt.通知，告知；报告
notion n.概念，意念；看法
notorious a.臭名昭著的
notwithstanding prep.尽管，虽然
nought n.无，零
nourish vt.提供养分，养育
nourishment n.食物；营养(情况)
novel a.新的，异常的
novelty n.新颖；新奇的事物
nucleus n.原子核；细胞核
number vt.共计，达…之数
numerical a.数字的，数值的
nun n.修女，尼姑
nursery n.苗圃，养鱼池
nut n.螺帽，螺母
O
oar n.桨；划手vi.划(行) oath n.誓言，誓约，宣誓
obedience n.服从，顺从；管辖
obedient n.服从的，顺从的
objective n.宾格a.目标的
obligation n.义务，职责，责任
oblige vt.使感激；施恩惠于
obscure a.阴暗的；蒙昧的
observation n.意见，短评，按语
observe vi.说，评述，评论
obstinate a.固执的；顽强的
occurrence n.事故
offence n.犯罪，犯规；冒犯
offensive a.冒犯的；进攻的
offer vt.呈现出vi.出现
offset n.分支，抵销vt.抵销
offspring n.儿女，子孙，后代
ohm n.欧姆
olive n.橄榄，橄榄树
onward(s) a.向前(的)，在前面
opaque a.不透明的；不传导的operation n.运算
opium n.鸦片；麻醉剂
optical a.光的；光学的
optimism n.乐观，乐观主义
optimum n.最适条件，最适度
option n.选择，取舍
orchard n.果园
orchestra n.管弦乐队的全部乐器
ordinarily ad.通常，大概
orient n.东方；亚洲，远东
orientation n.向东；定位；方向
originate vi.发源vt.首创
ornament n.装饰物vt.装修
ornamental a.装饰的n.装饰品
otherwise ad.另外；在其他方面
ought v.aux 早应该，本应