Study to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg Containing High Entropy Alloys
Study to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg Containing
High Entropy Alloys
Rui Li 1, a , Jiacheng Gao 1, b , Ke Fan 1, c
1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University,
Chongqing City, 400030, China
a email:cqu_cos@https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,,
b email:gaojch@https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,,
c email:fanke_524@https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,
Key words : high entropy alloy; quasicrystal; microstructure; mechanical properties
Abstract: In this paper, alloys with compositions of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x (x : atomic percentage; x =20, 33, 43, 45.6 and 50 respectively) were designed by using the strategy of equiatomic ratio and high entropy of mixing. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the new high entropy alloy were studied. The alloys were prepared by induction melting and then were cast in a copper mold in air. The alloy samples were examined by microhardness tester, XRD, SEM, thermal analyzer and testing machine for material strength. Alloys were composed mainly of h.c.p phase and Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal phases. The alloys exhibited moderate densities which were from 4.29g·cm -3 to
2.20g·cm -3, high hardness (429HV-178HV) and high compression strength (500MPa-400MPa) at room temperature. The extensibility was increased with Mg from 20at% (atomic percentage) to 50at%.
Introduction
The general strategy of developing alloys is selecting one or two metals as the principal components and the other minor elements, such as steels, TiAl intermetallics [1], bulk metallic glasses [2-4]to optimize microstructure and properties. . According to the general strategy of developing alloys, multiprincipal will lead to the formation of intermetallic compounds and other complicated microstructures in alloy preparation, which would make alloys fragile in processing and difficult to analysis [5].
The strategy of developing alloys that equiatomic ratio and high entropy of mixing [6, 7] was published in 2004 by two research teams respectively. They found the high entropy alloys have simple microstructures, the number of phases is less than 3 and cubic solution is the main phase. Other researchers studied the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys [8-10]. They found that the alloys had excellent room temperature mechanical properties, some properties were even superior to most of the reported high-strength alloys. For example, the max yield strength of AlCoCrFeNiTi x high entropy alloys was reached 2.26GPa when x is 0.5, and the alloy was ductile [10]; when x is 1.5, the hardness of AlCoCrFeNiTi x alloy could be HV768[11]. High entropy alloys were corrosion resisting, for example, CuTiVFeNiZrCo alloy could not be corroded in HCl(1mol/L), H 2SO 4(1mol/L) and HNO 3(1mol/L) respectively [6].
In recent years, the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys were studied widely and deeply, and the components of high entropy alloys were focused on Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti, V, Cu and Al. But there were so few of papers reporting to the other components, like Mg, Mn and Zn. Mg is considered to be one of the next generation light metal engineering materials; the studies of improving mechanical properties of Mg alloys are popular in the world nowadays. The reported high entropy alloys always obtain high hardness and strength, so it is necessary to study Mg containing high entropy alloys. Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys (x : atomic percentage; x =20, 33, 43, 45.6 and 50 respectively) were designed to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg containing high entropy alloys in this paper.
Materials Science Forum Vol. 650 (2010) pp 265-271Online available since 2010/May/04 at https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html, ? (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,/MSF.650.265
Background knowledge
High entropy of mixing. According to the Gibbs phase rule, F=C?P+1 (F: degree of freedom, C: number of components, and P: number of phase), and the maximum number of equilibrium phases in the C components system at constant pressure is P=C+1. In this study, the P should be 6.
Following Boltzmann’s theory, the mixing entropy of regular solution alloys which contain n-elements is as follows:
1ln n mix i i
i S R c c ==?∑ (1)
11n
i i c ==∑,i c is mole percent of component, and R is gas constant. The entropy of mixing reaches maximum when the alloy is at equiatomic ratio. As following is the formula of Gibbs free energy
mix mix mix G H TS =? (2)
mix H is the enthalpy of mixing and T is the absolute temperature. mix H and mix S are competing in equation (2). The high entropy of mixing can significantly decrease the free energy. It reduces the tendency of order and segregate, and also makes random solid solution form more easily than intermetallics or other ordered phases, especially at high temperature [12-14].
Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal. Quasicrystal phase was found by Shechtman in 1982 [15], which was always icosahedral and obtained high hardness, high anticorrosion and heat-resistance [16].
Al-Mn phase was an icosahedral quasicrystal phase which had been discovered by quenching rapidly [15]. It was a heat-unstable product of rapid solidification. High quenching rate was needed to avoid equilibrium phases appearing in the rapid quenching [17].
Experimental procedures
Samples preparation. The alloy ingots with nominal composition of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x (x : atomic percentage; x =20, 33, 43, 45.6 and 50 respectively) were mixed by pure metals in magnesium oxide pots and prepared by induction melting with a high purity argon atmosphere. Rabbling 2-3 minutes after all metals were melted, shut down the power, and then the melts were cast in a copper mold in air. The alloy ingots were cut to Φ10mm×10mm column.
Test methods. The densities and hardness of alloy samples were tested by Archimedes principle and microhardness tester. The microstructures of as-cast samples were characterized by a D/Max-2000 x-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphologies of alloys were examined by a TESCAN VEGA Ⅱ LMU scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties at room temperature were tested by Gleeble 1500. Thermal analysis was tested by STA449C thermal analyzer. Results and discussions
Microstructures of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys. The thermal analysis results were shown in fig 1. Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 was melted at about 975K, and the other alloys were melted at about 875K. There were weak peaks at about 625K except Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80. The temperature of peaks was almost at the melting point of Mg 7Zn 3, the XRD results were agreeing with the results of thermal analysis. According to the DSC result of Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80, it could be deduced that the Al-Mn
quasicrystal phase in the high entropy alloy was heat-stable. It was quite different from the Al-Mn quasicrystal which was obtained by rapid quenching process.
Fig. 1 DSC curves of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys
The XRD patterns were shown in fig 2. According to equation (1), the entropy of mixing reached maximum when the alloy was equiatomic ratio, so the entropy of mixing was decreasing with the increase of atomic percentage of Mg. The effect of high entropy of mixing was most significant in Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 alloy, simple solid solution phases were formed prior to complex intermetallic phases. So, only h.c.p and Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal phases were found in Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80. The high confusion of atoms in Al-Mn system was kept by the effect of high entropy of mixing, and the quasicrystal phases were formed in Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 alloy with a moderation cooling speed. For the decrease of mixing entropy, the phases in Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x were complex. The number of phases in the alloys except Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 was increased to 4, which were h.c.p phase, icosahedral phase, Mg, and Mg 7Zn 3.
Fig. 2 XRD patterns of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys
The SEM images of as-cast Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys were shown in fig 3. The dark flower phase was distributed dispersedly in the base phase, which was confirmed to be Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal by electron probe. The widths of flower phase were fewer than 5μm. The base phase was
a solid solution, which was h.c.p phase and made up by five metal elements. The morphologies of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x except Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 were complex.
Fig. 3 SEM images of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys: (a) Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 (b) Mg 33(MnAlZnCu)67
(c) Mg 43(MnAlZnCu)57 (d) Mg 45.6(MnAlZnCu)55.4 (e) Mg 50(MnAlZnCu)50
Mechanical properties of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys. The results of compression tests were shown in fig 4. The basic mechanical properties were listed in table 1. According to the tested results, Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys exhibited high compressive strength, but the plasticity of alloys was bad.
The alloys were fragile except Mg 50(MnAlZnCu)50, and Mg 50(MnAlZnCu)50 alloy could be deformed
1.80% plastically.
Solution strengthening and quasicrystal dispersion strengthening were the main strengthening mechanics of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys. The effect of solution strengthening was most signification in Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 for the maximum entropy of mixing. High confusion atoms in the alloys were kept by effect of high entropy, and the alloys were formed as super solid solution. For the atomic radiuses of components were different dramatically, the distortion energy of lattice was very high. Dislocations in alloys were hard to move, so the strengths of alloys were high. There were a few slip systems in the lattice of h.c.p phase, it caused the bad plasticity of alloys. The mixing entropy was decreased with the increase of atomic percentage of Mg, so the effect of solution strengthening was also decreased. It might cause the plasticity improving in Mg 50(MnAlZnCu)50. The quasicruystal phases were hard and fine, they were distributed uniformly in base phases, and the compressive strength of alloys could be enhanced by quasicrystal dispersion strengthening. According to fig 3, it could be deduced that the effective of quasicrystal dispersion strengthening was most signification in Mg 43(MnAlZnCu)57 alloy.
Fig. 4 Compressive true stress-strain curves of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys
Table 1 Compressive mechanical properties of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys at room temperature
Alloys
E (GPa) σy (MPa) σmax (MPa) ε (%) Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80
13.01 428 428 3.29 Mg 33(MnAlZnCu)67
12.82 437 437 3.41 Mg 43(MnAlZnCu)57
13.20 500 500 3.72 Mg 45.6(MnAlZnCu)54.4
11.87 482 482 4.06 Mg 50(MnAlZnCu)50
11.18 340 400 4.83
The densities and hardness of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys were shown in fig 5 and fig 6 respectively. Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys exhibited moderate densities (4.29g·cm -3-2.20g·cm -3) and high hardness (431HV-178HV). The high hardness might be caused by effect of rapid solution and quasicrystal phase. According to the results, the relationship of densities and atomic percentage magnesium could be expressed by Y=5.72-0.07X. And the relationship of hardness and atomic percentage magnesium could be expressed by Y=588-8X.
Fig. 5 Densities of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys
Fig. 6 Hardness of Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys
Conclusions
(1) Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys were designed by using the strategy of equiatomic ratio and high entropy of mixing. The alloys were multiphase and crystalline. Mg 20(MnAlZnCu)80 was consisted of h.c.p phase and Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal phase. And the total number of phases was much smaller than the maximum equilibrium number allowed by the Gibbs phase rule.
(2) Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys have a high compressive strength (500MPa-400MPa), plasticity (3.29%-4.83%), and high hardness (431HV-178HV). The densities of alloys were moderate (4.29g·cm -3 to 2.20g·cm -3). Solution strengthening and quasicrystal dispersion strengthening were the strengthening mechanics of the alloys.
(3) The Al-Mn icosahedral quasicrystal phase formed in Mg x (MnAlZnCu)100-x alloys without rapidly quenching. The quasicrystal phase in this kind of alloy was heat-stable, which was quite different from the heat-unstable Al-Mn quasicrystal, which was prepared by rapid quenching process.
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by Hi-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863), SN: 2008AA0312.
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Energy and Environment Materials
10.4028/https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,/MSF.650
Study to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg Containing High Entropy Alloys
10.4028/https://www.360docs.net/doc/c37676227.html,/MSF.650.265
DOI References
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todo与doing的区别
--- to do与doing的区另U 一般情况下，to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么（未做）;doing是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么，或（此事已做过或已发生、正做） like to do 和like doing 的用法有什么区别 简单的记忆方法。当表示喜欢，用like doing ，如：He likes cooking in his house. She likes singing. 表示爱好。 当表示想要，欲做某事（但还没进行）用like to do ，例如：He likes to cook in his house.- 他想在自己家做饭吃。 She likes to stay with us.- 她想和我们带一块儿。（但还没进行） 2 forget doin g/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。（未做） forget doing 忘记做过某事。（已做） The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。（to come动作未做） 3 remember doin g/to do remember to do 记得去做某事（未做） remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember see ing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗？ 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. （强调”我见他正干活”这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
《葛底斯堡演讲》三个中文译本的对比分析
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todoanddoing用法
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财务人员常用的Excel表格使用技巧
财务人员常用的Excel表格使用技巧 1、分数的输入 如果直接输入“1/5”，系统会将其变为“1月5日”，解决办法是：先输入“0”，然后输入空格，再输入分数“1/5”。 2、序列“001”的输入 如果直接输入“001”，系统会自动判断001为数据1，解决办法是：首先输入“'”（西文单引号），然后输入“001”。 3、日期的输入 如果要输入“4月5日”，直接输入“4/5”，再敲回车就行了。如果要输入当前日期，按一下“Ctrl+；”键。 4、填充条纹 如果想在工作簿中加入漂亮的横条纹，可以利用对齐方式中的填充功能。先在一单元格内填入“*”或“~”等符号，然后单击此单元格，向右拖动鼠标，选中横向若干单元格，单击“格式”菜单，选中“单元格”命令，在弹出的“单元格格式”菜单中，选择“对齐”选项卡，在水平对齐下拉列表中选择“填充”，单击“确定”按钮（如图1）。 5、多张工作表中输入相同的内容 几个工作表中同一位置填入同一数据时，可以选中一张工作表，然后按住Ctrl键，再单击窗口左下角的Sheet1、Sheet2......来直接选择需要输入相同内容的多个工作表，接着在其中的任意一个工作表中输入这些相同的数据，此时这些数据会自动出现在选中的其它工作表之中。输入完毕之后，再次按下键盘上的Ctrl键，然后使用鼠标左键单击所选择的多个工作表，解除这些工作表的联系，否则在一张表单中输入的数据会接着出现在选中的其它工作表内。
6、不连续单元格填充同一数据 选中一个单元格，按住Ctrl键，用鼠标单击其他单元格，就将这些单元格全部都选中了。在编辑区中输入数据，然后按住Ctrl键，同时敲一下回车，在所有选中的单元格中都出现 了这一数据。 7、在单元格中显示公式 如果工作表中的数据多数是由公式生成的，想要快速知道每个单元格中的公式形式，以便编辑修改，可以这样做：用鼠标左键单击“工具”菜单，选取“选项”命令，出现“选项”对话框，单击“视图”选项卡，接着设置“窗口选项”栏下的“公式”项有效，单击“确定”按钮（如图2）。这时每个单元格中的分工就显示出来了。如果想恢复公式计算结果的显示，就再设置“窗口选项”栏下的“公式”项失效即可。 8、利用Ctrl＋*选取文本 如果一个工作表中有很多数据表格时，可以通过选定表格中某个单元格，然后按下Ctrl ＋*键可选定整个表格。Ctrl＋*选定的区域为：根据选定单元格向四周辐射所涉及到的有 数据单元格的最大区域。这样我们可以方便准确地选取数据表格，并能有效避免使用拖动鼠标方法选取较大单元格区域时屏幕的乱滚现象。 9、快速清除单元格的内容 如果要删除内容的单元格中的内容和它的格式和批注，就不能简单地应用选定该单元格，然后按Delete键的方法了。要彻底清除单元格,可用以下方法：选定想要清除的单元格或 单元格范围；单击“编辑”菜单中“清除”项中的“全部”命令，这些单元格就恢复了本来面目。 10、单元格内容的合并 根据需要，有时想把B列与C列的内容进行合并，如果行数较少，可以直接用“剪切” 和“粘贴”来完成操作，但如果有几万行，就不能这样办了。 解决办法是：在C行后插入一个空列（如果D列没有内容，就直接在D列操作），在Ｄ1中输入“=B1&C1”，D1列的内容就是B、C两列的和了。选中D1单元格，用鼠标指
常见的todo与doing
常见的“to do”与“doing”现象 有些动词后既可接to do，也可接doing，它们后接to do与doing在意思上有时有较大的差别。因为它们也是中考的常考点之一，因而我们应该搞清楚它们的区别。 1. stop to do/stop doing sth。 解析：stop to do sth.意为“停下来（正在做的事）去做（另外的）某事”，to do sth.在句中作目的状语。而stop doing sth.意为“停止做（正在做的）某事”。如Mary stopped to speak to me.玛丽停下（手头的工作）来跟我讲话。 When the teacher came in. the students stopped talking.老师进来时，学生们停止讲话。 2. remember to do/remember doing sth 解析：remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”（还没有做）。而remember doing sth.意为“记得（已经）做过某事”如： Please remember to send the letter for me.请记住为我发这封信。 I don’t remember eating such food somewhere.我不记得在哪里吃过这种食物 3. forget to do/forget doing sth 解析：forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某事”（动作还没有发生）。而forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”（动作已发生）。如： Don’t forget to bring your photo here.别忘了把你的相片带来。 I have forgotten giving the book to him.我忘记我已把书给了他。 4. go on to do/go on doing sth 解析：go on to do sth.意为“做完一件事，接着做另外一件事”，两件事之间有可能有某种联系。而go on doing sth.意为“继续做下去”。如： After reading the text, the students went on to do the exercises.学生们读完课文后，接着做练习。 It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm.虽然天正下着大雨，但农民们继续在农场干活。 5. try to do/try doing sth 解析：try to do sth.意为“尽力去做某事”，而try doing sth.意为“（用某一种办法）试着去做某事”。如： Try to come a little early next time, please.下次请尽量早点来。 You can try working out the problem in another way.你可以试试用其它的方法解答这道题目。 6. can’t help to do/can’t help doing sth 解析：can’t help to do为动词不定式结构；can’t help doing sth.意为“身不由己地去做某事”或“情不自禁地去做某事。”如： We can’t help to finish it.我们不能帮忙完成此事。 I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her strange face.当我看到她奇怪的脸时，我情不自禁地笑了。 7. hear sb. do/hear sb. doing sth 解析：hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”，指听到了这个动作的全过程；hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人做某事”，指听到时候，这个动作正在发生。如： I often hear him sing in the classroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。 Do you hear someone knocking at the door?你听见有人在敲门吗？ 应该说明的是：和hear的用法一样的还有see、watch、notice等。
todo和doing的差别
To do 和 doing的用法 1. finish, enjoy, feel like, consider, imagine, keep, postpone, delay, mind, practise, suggest, risk, quit+doing 2. 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要… mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事） 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 （注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow． 10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Don’t you remember seeing the man before你不记得以前见过那个人吗 You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。 I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过) I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做) You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。 Let’s try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。 I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。 This illness will mean (your) going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。 3.省to 的动词不定式 1）情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2）使役动词 let, have, make： 3）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance.
doing,todo,do的用法
一．To do形式 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
译文对比分析
话说宝玉在林黛玉房中说"耗子精"，宝钗撞来，讽刺宝玉元宵不知"绿蜡"之典，三人正在房中互相讥刺取笑。 杨宪益：Pao-yu，as we saw, was in Tai-yu?s room telling her the story about the rat spirits when Pao-chai burst in and teased him for forgetting the “green wax” allusion on the night of the Feast of Lanterns. 霍克斯: We have shown how Bao-yu was in Dai-yu?s room telling her the story of the magic mice; how Bao-Chai burst in on them and twitted Bao-yu with his failure to remember the …green wax? allusion on the night of the Lantern Festival; and how the three of them sat teasing each other with good-humored banter. 对比分析：杨宪益和霍克斯在翻译“耗子精”采用来了不同的处理方法，前者使用了异化”rat spirits”，后者用的是归化法”magic mice”,使用归化法更受英美读者的亲乃。但是二者同时采用了增译法，增添了the story，原文并没有。在翻译“宝玉不知绿烛之典”的“不知”，英文1用的是“forgetting”，而译文2用的是“with failure to ”，显然译文2更符合英美的表达习惯。 那宝玉正恐黛玉饭后贪眠，一时存了食，或夜间走了困，皆非保养身体之法。幸而宝钗走来，大家谈笑，那林黛玉方不欲睡，自己才放了心。 杨宪益：Pao-yu felt relieved as they laughed and made fun of each other, for he had feared that sleeping after lunch might give Tai-yu indigestion or insomnia that night, and so injure her health. Luckily Pao-chai?s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it had woken Tai-yu up. 霍克斯: Bao-yu had been afraid that by sleeping after her meal Dai-yu would give herself indigestion or suffer from insomnia through being insufficiently tired when she went to bed at night, but Bao-chai?s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it banished all Dai-yu?s desire to sleep and enabled him to lay aside his anxiety on her behalf. 对比分析：译文一对原文语序进行了调整，先说了“放心”，再说“担心”，但并不如不调整顺序的逻辑强。译文二只是用了一个“but”就把原文意思分层了两层，逻辑更加清晰，符合西方人注重逻辑的习惯。原文中的“谈笑”是动词，而两个译文版本都是译的“the lively conversation”，是名词，体现了汉语重动态，英文重静态的特点。 忽听他房中嚷起来，大家侧耳听了一听，林黛玉先笑道："这是你妈妈和袭人叫嚷呢。那袭人也罢了，你妈妈再要认真排场她，可见老背晦了。" 杨宪益：Just then, a commotion broke out in Pao-yu?s apartments and three of th em pricked up their ears. “It?s your nanny scolding Hai-jen,” announced Tai-yu. “There?s nothing wrong with Hai-jen, yet your nanny is for ever nagging at her. Old age has befuddled her.”
初中日·总复习英语动词+doing和+todo用法
识记:初中英语非谓语动词总结（中考常考） 记住：动词后面加动名词表示已经做了；加动词不定式表示将要去做。 记住：动词后面加动名词表示经常做；加动词不定式表示一次做。 * *跟动词原形的词有：“一感二听三让四看”，即：feel, // hear, listen to, // let, make, have,// look at, see, wact notice.// 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况。 1.动词：*以下记住每一个词组的第一个动词。 finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事； avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事； suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； * keep doing sth.持续做某事, miss doing错过做, advise doing建议做；* keep sb doing让某人一直做 2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3. 介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)： 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in do sth.； be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of；what/how about doing sth?某事怎么样？ 4. to作介词时，后跟动名词的情况： look forward to doing sth期望做某事；prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…； pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； make a contribution to doing为…做贡献 No+动名词，表示禁令No smoking禁止吸烟No parking禁止停车 5. go+动名词，意思是去进行某种活动或运动： go shopping,去购物；go skating,去滑冰；go hiking去远足（旅行） 6. do some/the+动名词，指进行某种活动： do some cleaning,搞卫生；do some washing 洗衣服； 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况。 1.动词：不需要记住哪些动词后跟动词不定式。 2.句型：(1)动词： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事（区分allow doing sth） ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事） encourage sb to do鼓励某人做、expect sb to do期待某人做 invite sb to do邀请某人做、teach sb to do教会某人做 advise sb to do建议某人做（区分advise / suggest doing sth） (2) Be+形容词adj.（即：情感类的形容词）+ to do
财务人员必备的EXCEL
财务人员必备的EXCEL
财务人员必备的EXCEL 我的天地2010-06-17 14:02:16 阅读54 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 也许你已经在Excel中完成过上百张财务报表，也许你已利用Excel函数实现过上千次的复杂运算，也许你认为Excel也不过如此，甚至了无新意。但我们平日里无数次重复的得心应手的使用方法只不过是Excel全部技巧的百分之一。本专题从Excel中的一些鲜为人知的技巧入手，领略一下关于Excel的别样风情。 一、建立分类下拉列表填充项 我们常常要将企业的名称输入到表格中，为了保持名称的一致性，利用“数据有效性”功能建了一个分类下拉列表填充项。 1.在Sheet2中，将企业名称按类别(如“工业企业”、“商业企业”、“个体企业”等)分别输入不同列中，建立一个企业名称数据库。 2.选中A列(“工业企业”名称所在列)，在“名称”栏内，输入“工业企业”字符后，按“回车”键进行确认。 仿照上面的操作，将B、C……列分别命名为“商业企业”、“个体企业”…… 3.切换到Sheet1中，选中需要输入“企业类别”的列(如C列)，执行“数据→有效性”命令，打开“数据有效性”对话框。在“设置”标签中，单击“允许”右侧的下拉按钮，选中“序列”选项，在下面的“来源”方框中，输入“工业企业”，“商业企业”，“个体企业”……序列(各元素之间用英文逗号隔开)，确定退出。 再选中需要输入企业名称的列(如D列)，再打开“数据有效性”对话框，选中“序列”选项后，在“来源”方框中输入公式：=INDIRECT(C1)，确定退出。 4.选中C列任意单元格(如C4)，单击右侧下拉按钮，选择相应的“企业类别”填入单元格中。然后选中该单元格对应的D列单元格(如D4)，单击下拉按钮，即可从相应类别的企业名称列表中选择需要的企业名称填入该单元格中。 提示：在以后打印报表时，如果不需要打印“企业类别”列，可以选中该列，右击鼠标，选“隐藏”选项，将该列隐藏起来即可。 二、建立“常用文档”新菜单 在菜单栏上新建一个“常用文档”菜单，将常用的工作簿文档添加到其中，方便随时调用。 1.在工具栏空白处右击鼠标，选“自定义”选项，打开“自定义”对话框。在“命令”标签中，选中“类别”下的“新菜单”项，再将“命令”下面的“新菜单”拖到菜单栏。 按“更改所选内容”按钮，在弹出菜单的“命名”框中输入一个名称(如“常用文档”)。 2.再在“类别”下面任选一项(如“插入”选项)，在右边“命令”下面任选一项(如“超链接”选项)，将它拖到新菜单(常用文档)中，并仿照上面的操作对它进行命名(如“工资表”等)，建立第一个工作簿文档列表名称。 重复上面的操作，多添加几个文档列表名称。
《傲慢与偏见》译文对比分析
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动词todo与doing的用法区别
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会计人必学必会的Excel表格技巧
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《乡愁》两个英译本的对比分析
《乡愁》两个英译本的对比分析 曹菊玲 （川外2013级翻译硕士教学1班文学翻译批评与鉴赏学期课程论文） 摘要：余光中先生的《乡愁》是一首广为人知的诗歌，曾被众多学者翻译成英文，本文将对赵俊华译本和杨钟琰译本进行对比分析，主要从原作的分析、译文的准确性、译文风格以及对原文意象的把握入手进行赏析，指出两译本的不足和精彩之处。 关键词：《乡愁》；原诗的分析；准确性；风格；意象的把握 1.原诗的分析 作者余光中出生于大陆，抗战爆发后在多地颠沛流离，最后22岁时移居台湾。20多年都未回到大陆，作者思乡情切，于上世纪70年代创作了这首脍炙人口的诗歌，但是当时大陆与台湾关系正处于紧张时期，思而不得的痛苦与惆怅包含于整首诗中。 全诗为四节诗，节与节之间完全对称，四句一节，共十六句，节奏感、韵律感很强，读起来朗朗上口。而且这首诗语言简洁，朴实无华，但是却表达了深刻的内涵。从整体上看，作者采取层层递进的方式，以时空的隔离和变化来推进情感的表达，最后一句对大陆的思念，一下子由个人哀愁扩大到国家分裂之愁，因而带有历史的厚重感。 【原诗】 乡愁 余光中 小时候／乡愁是一枚小小的邮票／我在这头／母亲在那头 长大后／乡愁是一张窄窄的船票／我在这头／新娘在那头 后来啊／乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓／我在外头／母亲在里头 而现在／乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡／我在这头／大陆在那头 【译诗】 (1) 赵俊华译 Homesick As a boy, I was homesick for a tiny stamp, —I was here, Mom lived alone over there. When grow up, I was homesick for a small ship ticket. —I was here,
落花生两英译本的对比分析
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