第十六章 虚拟语气

第十六章虚拟语气

语气(Mood) 是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood）、祈使语气（Imperative Mood）和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。

陈述语气用于陈述事实、描述状态，它用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。例如：

There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。

He has published quite a number of essays this year. 他今年已发表了好几篇论文。

Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？

How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！

祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等。例如：

Wait outside until you are asked. 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。

Let’s just take a break, shall we? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？

Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。

Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。

虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况，说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的，或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性，是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉。例如：

I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心一些。

If I were a bird, I could fly here and there in the sky. 如果我是一只鸟，我就能在天空中飞来飞去。

If I had more money, I would buy a bigger house. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

May you succeed! 祝你成功！

一、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用

有些主语从句需用虚拟语气，表示愿望、惊奇、惋惜、建议、请求、命令、理应如此等。带虚拟语气的主语从句主要有以下三种形式。

1、It＋be＋形容词＋that从句

that从句的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，或省略should直接用动词原形。常见的这类形容词有：advisable（合理的）、appropriate（合适的）、crucial（紧急的）、desirable（理想的）、essential（必要的）、fitting（合适的）、important（重要的）、incredible（惊人的）、natural （自然的）、necessary（必要的）、possible（可能的）、preferable（更好的）、probable（可能的）、proper（适当的）、strange（奇怪的）、urgent（紧迫的）、vital（极为重要的）等。例如：It is natural that you should say apology to him. 你自然应该向他道声歉。

It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once. 必须马上把他派到那里去。

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。

It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible. 这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。

It is strange that he should have gone without telling us. 真奇怪，他竟然不辞而别。

It is strange that they feel so angry. 真奇怪，他们会这么生气。

It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city. 这座城市急需任命一位新市长。

It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project. 重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

It is urgent that we pay the bill immediately. 紧迫的是我们必须立即交费。

It is crucial that the plan be worked out at once. 立即拟订计划是至关重要的。

It is best that tourists have a pleasant place to relax. 最好给观光者提供一个休息的好地方。

在上述所列形容词后面，以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气。例如：We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。

I think it necessary that he be sent to Beijing right away. 我认为有必要立即派他去北京。

We find it essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts. 我们觉得赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。

I find it necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion. 我觉得你必须出席讨论会。

2、It＋be＋名词＋that从句

that从句的谓语也用“should＋动词原形”，或省略should直接用动词原形。这类名词一般都表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。它们有：advice（忠告）、decision（决议）、desire（愿望）、demand（要求）、idea（主意）、miracle（奇迹）、motion（提议）、order （命令）、pity（遗憾）、proposal（提议）、requirement（要求）、resolution（决心）、shame （遗憾）、suggestion（建议）、surprise（惊奇）、wish（愿望）、wonder（奇迹）等。例如：It is a pity that you should be careless. 真遗憾，你竟会粗心大意。

It is a great pity that you (should) think so. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。

It is a pity that you should have missed such a chance. 你错过这样的机会，真是太可惜了。

It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. 我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

It is a wonder that he shouldn’t be convinced of his mistakes. 说也怪，他竟然认识不到自己的错误。

t is the doctor’s order that the patient should stay in bed. 医生嘱咐病人卧床休息。

It is a shame that they should abandon the project halfway. 真遗憾，他竟然把项目在中途放弃了。

It is simply a miracle that rice should grow in such a place. 在这样的地方竟会长出水稻，简直是个奇迹。

It is his desire that I stay here. 我留在这里是他的愿望。

3、It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句

同样，that从句的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，或省略should直接用动词原形。这类虚拟语气也表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向。这类分词有：advised（建议）、arranged（安排）、asked（请求）、commanded（命令）、complied（遵照）、decided（决定）、desired（想要）、determined（决定）、insisted（坚持）、ordered（命令）、proposed（提议）、recommended （推荐）、requested（要求）、required（要求）、resolved（决定）、shocked（震惊的）、suggested （建议）等。例如：

It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight. 要求我们今晚上把一切都准备好。

It is desired that everyone (should) get everything ready by tonight. 要求每一个人在今晚之

前要将一切准备好。

It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party. 请求张老师在晚会上表演一个节目。

It is proposed that the meeting (should) be held next Monday. 有人建议会议下周一举行。

It was ordered that the medicines (should) be sent here by plane. 根据命令药品应空运到这里。

It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。

It was suggested that everyone have a map. 建议人手一张地图。

It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建议，周六举行英语晚会。

It was required that the work should be finished at once. 根据要求工作须马上完成。

有时也用现在分词。例如：

It is surprising that she should look so miserable. 她竟会如此伤心，令人感到吃惊。

二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用

有些动词后跟的由that引导的宾语从句可以使用虚拟语气，这类动词有四种情况：

1、在表示提议、主张、要求、建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，其形式是“should ＋动词原形”或省去should直接用动词原形。这类动词有：advise（建议）、ask（要求）、arrange（安排）、beg（请求）、command（命令）、decide（决定）、demand（要求）、desire（期望）、insist（坚持）、intend（打算）、maintain（主张）、object（反对）、order （命令）、pray（请求）、prefer（宁愿）、promise（允诺）、propose（提议）、recommend（推荐）、request（要求）、require（要求）、suggest（建议）、urge（催促）、vote（提议）等。例如：

The doctor advised that Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered. 医生建议迈克住院治疗直到完全康复。

He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.他要求给他一个尝试的机会。

I move that the money be used for books. 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。

We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议要立刻采取措施。

We suggested that the meeting (should) not be put off. 我们建议会议不要推迟。

He suggested that they (should) set up a special committee to look into the problem. 他建议他们应成立一个专门的委员会来调查这个问题。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议我班应该分成五个小组。

The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%. 工会要求增加工资20%。

The committee recommends that the matter not be discussed at the next meeting. 委员会提议在下一次会议上不再讨论这件事。

We desired that we (should) book the tickets in advance. 我们期望能提前预订票。

I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth. 我要求他不要废话，只讲实情。

I prefer that you not eat the meat. 我宁愿你不吃这肉。

We prefer that the plan (should) be fully discussed before being put into execution. 我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。

She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要提前预定座位。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

The doctor insisted that the patient (should) be X-rayed. 医生坚持病人做X光检查。

They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱个歌。

The chairman requested that the members study the problem more carefully. 主席要求委员们应更认真地研究这个问题。

He ordered that all should take part in the work. 他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes by themselves. 他要求学生都要自己洗衣服。

They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。

He proposed that we (should) set a dead line for the complement of the plan. 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。

有时当上述动词不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，要用陈述语气。如当insist表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，suggest表示“暗示；说明了”等含义时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。例如：

He insisted that I was wrong. 他坚持认为我是错的。

He insisted that he had nothing to do with the case. 他坚持说他与此案没有关系。

The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. 她脸上的表情表明她知道这个秘密。

His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with the job. 他的微笑表明，他对此工作相当满意。

2、动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。that 从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”表示将来的主观愿望。例如：

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个答案。

I wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要发生什么事。

I wished that I knew something about programming. 我当时希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。

They wish ed that they hadn’t said it to us.他们当时希望他们没有对我们说过那件事。

I wish I were rich. 我恨不得我很有钱。

I wish it weren’t raining. 要是天不下雨就好了。

He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。

I wish I had not done it. 我真后悔不该做这件事。

I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

She wished she had stayed at home. 她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。

I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停。

I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。

I wish she would change her mind. 我希望她会改变主意。

I wish that you would get younger and younger. 但愿你越来越年轻。

She wishes you wouldn’t go. 她希望你不要走。

I wish our efforts would be successful. 我多么希望我们的努力会成功。

3、would rather和would sooner都表示“宁愿；宁可”的意思，它们后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：

I’d rather you went home now. 我宁愿让你现在就回家。

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我宁愿你马上就把这封信寄了。

I’d rather we had dinner now. 我真希望我们现在吃饭。

I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

──Shall I open the window? 我开窗行吗？

──I’d rather you didn’t. 你最好别开。

I’d rather that I were young again. 我要是返老还童就好了。

To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case. 坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。

I’d rather you had n’t been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。

I’d rather you didn’t invite too many people.我宁愿你不要邀请太多的人。

I’d rather I hadn’t met you. 我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。

I would rather that you hadn’t told him. 但愿你没有跟他讲过。

I would sooner you told me the truth. 我宁愿你说实话。

The manager would sooner his daughter did not work in the same Office. 经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

He would sooner that his secretary went to the meeting instead of him. 他宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。

You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would sooner you went on business first. 你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

I would sooner you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

Frankly speaking, I would sooner you hadn’t do anything about that. 坦白地说，我宁愿你没有做过那事。

4、在think、expect、believe、mean等意念动词或态度动词后可用“should＋动词原形”或“should＋have＋过去分词”来表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。此时，should一般不省略。例如：

I never thought that he should be so clever. 我们从来没想到他如此聪明。

I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. 我从没想到问题会这样复杂。

I just couldn’t believe that h e should be so selfish. 我简直不相信他会这样自私。

I didn’t mean that you should come so early. 我没打算着你会如此早来。

He began to think that we shouldn’t have waited so long. 他开始认为我们不会等如此长。

三、虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用

表语从句中使用虚拟语气主要有两种情况：

1、主句谓语动词如feel（觉得）、look（看上去）、seem（似乎）等跟as if、as though 引导的表语从句表达的内容属于假设情况时，要用虚拟语气。此时，表语从句用过去时表示现在情况，用过去完成时表示发过去情况，用“would＋动词原形”表示将来情况。例如：You look as if you had a toothache. 看样子你患牙痛。

It looks as if it were going to rain. 天看起来似乎要下雨。

She looks as if she were angry. 看她的表情，好像生气了似的。

It isn’t as if he were poor. 他才不穷呢。

It was not as if he were an expert. 他又不是什么专家。

The tree looked as if it hadn’t bee watered for a long time. 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。

After two days and nights, I felt as if I had lived there for a year. 两天两夜以后，我觉得好像已在那儿住上一年了。

She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。

表示实现的可能性较大时，可用陈述语气。例如：

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。

2、一些表示建议、命令、要求等动词的同源名词如advice（忠告）、decision（决定）、demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、idea（想法）、motion（提议）、necessity（必要性）、order （命令）、plan（计划）、preference（偏爱）、proposal（建议）、recommendation（推荐）、requirement （要求）、suggestion（建议）等后面that引导的表语句往往用虚拟语气，即用“should＋动词原形”或直接用动词原形来表示。例如：

My advice is that you should do more exercises in the morning. 我建议你在早晨应该多锻炼。

The doctor’s recommendation is that I should give up smoking.医生的劝告是我应该戒烟。

My suggestion is that we（should）send more students to help them. 我的建议是我们再派几个学生去帮助他们。

Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go. 我们建议你第一个走。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. 我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。

Their request is that we (should) send a delegation to their country. 他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。

My motion is that he (should) set off right away. 我提议他马上动身。

The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders. 指示要求，任何人不得在接到进一步的命令之前去睡觉。

Their decision is that something be done to solve the traffic problem downtown. 他们的决定是采取措施解决市中心的交通问题。

四、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的运用

在表示说话人的建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等的同位语从句中常用“（should）＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。例如：

I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。

His suggestion that the meeting be held next week has been accepted. 他关于下周召开会议的建议被采纳了。

What do you think of his proposal that we put on a play at the English evening? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧，你觉得怎么样？

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life. 这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。

We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延

期的建议。

We are all for the motion that the remark of the last speaker be removed from the record. 我们都赞成把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉的提议。

The suggestion that the headmaster present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 由校长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

I’ll follow the doctor’s advice that I (should) have a good rest for a few days. 我要听医生的建议好好休息几天。

The suggestion that he be invited was rejected. 邀请他的建议被拒绝了。

We received the orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30. 我们接到指示考试须在五点半之前结束。

I did not receive the order that you should leave here at once. 我没有收到要你立刻离开这里的命令。

五、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用

虚拟语气可用于It is (high/about) time后的定语从句中，表示早该做而未做的事，含建议的意味，在此类句子中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用过去时。例如：

It is time that the boy went to school. 这个小孩该上学了。

It’s time that you were in bed. 你该就寝了。

It’s time I was told a bout the matter. 该告诉我这件事了。

It is time the problem was solved. 该是解决问题的时候了。

It is time we had lunch. 该吃午饭了。

It’s high time (that) we began to work. 我们该开始工作了。

It is high time we stopped empty talk. 我们不要空谈了。

It’s high time that you worked hard at English. 你们应该努力学习英语了。

It is about time that you went home. 你们现在必须回家了。

It’s about time you stopped quarrelling. 你们别吵了。

六、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用

1、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用

虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与非真实条件句（Unreal Conditional Sentences）用在一起。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中使用的基本特点是要设定一个条件，然后就此条件来表达想像、假设或愿望等。我们把这种表达条件的从句称为条件从句（Conditional Clause）。因为引导条件从句的最常用从属连词是if，条件从句也常叫做if条件句（if-clause）。

1）与现在事实相反

表示与现在事实相反的假设时，if条件句的结构为“If＋主语＋动词过去式＋……”，而主句的结构为“主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形＋……”。Should常用于表达义务、责任等，would表达意志、决心等，could表达能力、可能性等，might则表达推想、或然性等。例如：

If he had money now, he might buy a computer. 如果他现在有钱，他或许会买台电脑。

If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. 我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。

If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间的话，就和你一道去了。

If I knew the meaning of the word, I wouldn’t have to look it up.如果我知道这个词的意义，就不必查词典了。

If he came, he might bring his violin. 如果他来，或许会带小提琴来的。

If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse. 如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。

If you weren’t badly ill, you would be playing football with them on the playground. 如果你不是病重，你也会与他们一起在操场上踢球了。

如果if条件句中的谓语为be动词时，多用were。例如：

If I were very rich, I would buy you a car. 如果我是很有钱，我愿意买一辆车给你。

If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that. 如果我是在你的立场，我不愿意做那件事。

If I were you, I’d take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会把他们带走。

If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account. 我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。

We could ask him if he were here. 如果他在这儿，我们就可以问他了。

If he were here, I would give him the books. 如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。

If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2）与过去事实相反

表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，if条件句的结构为“If＋主语＋had＋过去分词＋……”，主句的结构为“主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词＋……”。例如： If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果昨天他见到你，他就会问你那件事了。

If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早点儿来，就会遇到他了。

I would have called you if I had known your telephone number. 如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now. 要是他当初听医生的劝告，他现在早没事了。

If I hadn’t been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. 我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。

If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。

If she had been at the party last night, I should have seen her. 昨天晚上她若是参加了宴会，我必定会看到她。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

3）与将来事实可能相反

表示将来事实不可能实现的假设时，主句结构为“主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形＋……”，而if条件句可以是“If＋主语＋动词过去式＋……”，或“If＋主语＋should ＋动词原形＋……”，或“If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形＋……”。例如：

If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

What would you do if you got a million dollars? 如果你赚了一百万美元，你会做什么？

If he came tomorrow, he would find me in the schoo1. 如果他明天来的话，会在学校找到我。

If he went tomorrow, he might tell you. 如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。

If I had money tomorrow, I would buy a big color TV set. 假如我明天有钱，我会买一台大彩电。

If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。

If you should do that again, you might be punished. 如果你再做那样的事，你可会被处罚。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。

If there should be another World War, what could we do? 万一再有一次世界大战，我们怎么办？

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not believe you. 就是太阳会从西边出来，我也不会相信你的话。

If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out. 如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。

If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go for the picnic with you. 如果明天下雨，我就不和你们一同去野餐了。

If I were to pass the examination, I would treat you to dinner at KFC. 我要是过了考试，就请你去吃肯德基。

Even if they were to fail, they wouldn’t lose courage. 即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。

4）混合条件（Mixed Condition）

混合条件也可称作错综时间条件，即主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间不同。在这种情况下，动词的形式要根据实际情况灵活使用，即从句和主句根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。例如：

If I were you, I would have gone to see the doctor. 我要是你，我早就去看病了。

You would be much better now if you had taken the doctor’s advice. 假如你当时听了医生的话，你现在就好多了。

If you had gone to see the doctor, you would be all right now. 你要早去看病，你现在就没事了。

If the boy hadn’t been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。

If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better. 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。

If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time. 他要是现在考试及格，那他上次就及格了。

If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。

If he were here now, he was to start off with us tomorrow. 如果他现在在这，明天他会和我们一道出发的。

If you were to visit Spain in two days, I could arrange some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去西班牙，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。例如：

I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional. 如果我当时对你作错了什么事，我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。

Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她绘我打个电话。

If you should change your mind，please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。

If he should come, tell him to ring me up. 如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。

Should I be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。

5）含蓄条件（Implied Condition）

含蓄条件句是指句中没有if条件句，其条件是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来的。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。例如：Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。

Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. 没有空气，我们连五分钟都活不了。

With her help, I would do the experiment well. 假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。

Under the leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment would have failed. 假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。

Under better conditions, I could have done it even better. 在更好的条件下，我会干得更好。

I would have lost my head in that position. 我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。

We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。

But for the English test, I would have gone home this week. 要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。

But for their help, we could not get over the difficulties. 要不是他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。

But that I saw it, I could not have believed it. 要不是亲眼看见的话，我是不会相信的。

But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. 要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。

We would have left here but that it rained. 要不是下雨的话，我们已经离开这儿。

In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. 如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。

I’m really busy. Otherwise, would certainly go with you. 我确实太忙了。不然的话，我一定和你一块去。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

United, they wouldn’t have been defeated. 他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败。

Seen from a high mountain, the wheat field would look like a great green sea. 倘若从高山上看，麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。

It would be only partly right to answer in this way. 如果这样回答，只对一部分。

To hear him speak English, one would think him an Englishman. 要是听他讲起英语来，人们会认为他是一个英国人。

A less difficult problem would have already been solved. 要是问题不那么难的话，它早就被解决了。

An honest man would not do such a thing. 诚实的人是不会做这种事的。

Any men in his position would have done like that. 任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。

Who but a fool would believe what he said. 除了傻瓜，谁会相信他的话！

One step further, you would be dead. 再往前走一步，你就会死。

All things considered, the price would be reasonable. 如果全面考虑起来，价格可能是合理的。

A nation which stopped working would be dead in a fortnight. 如果一个国家停止工作，不出半个月就会灭亡。

6）无主句的if条件句

无主句的if条件句由If only，If或Would that引出，它表示一种愿望或是向往的假设，其意义是“要是……就好了”，“但愿……”。例如：

If only I were five years younger! 要是能年轻5岁就好了!

If only he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就好了。

If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到现在就好了。

If only he had n’t drive n so fast! 要是他开车不那么快就好了。

If only she had asked someone’s advice. 当初她要是征求别人的意见就好了。

If only you hadn’t offended him. 要是你当初别冒犯他就好了。

If only you hadn’t told him the news. 要是你没有告诉他这个消息就好了。

If only he had told me last night！要是他昨夜告诉我该多好啊！

If only I could see Jordan. 我要是能见到乔丹就好了。

If only she could understand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真实想法就好了。

If only he would fine a satisfactory job after his graduation. 但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。

If only she could marry me. 但愿她能嫁给我。

I am sure！If this is English manners. 我敢肯定，这的确不是英国人的礼仪做法。

If ever I heard the like. 我从来没有听到过这种说法。

If you had told me about it! 你若早告诉我就好了。

If he were in Beijing. 他要是在北京多好啊！

Would that she were my sister. 她要是我的妹妹多好啊。

Would that I had not been busy last week! 要是上周我不忙该多好啊！

Would that he could return safely! 但愿他平安归来！

有时If 和only在句中也可以分开使用。例如：

If they had only come earlier! 如果他们早来一步该多好啊!

If I only knew! 要是我知道该多好。

7）if条件句的倒装

Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。

Were he here now, he would certainly help me. 他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。

Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？

Were it not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 假如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。

Had it not been for the PLA, we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood. 要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。

Had you arrived five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 如果你早到五分钟，

你就可以给他们送行了。

Had we time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park. 如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。

Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。

Should there be any trouble with the machine, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如机器出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。

Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the cinema with you. 要是明天有部好电影的话，我就和你去电影院。

2、虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的运用

虚拟语气可用于as if或as though引起的方式状语从句中，表示“好像是这样，实际上并非如此”的含义。这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用过去时（be动词用were）表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反。例如：

He walks as if he were drunk. 他走路的样子好像喝醉了似的。

They treat him as if he were one of their family. 他们对待他就像他是他们的家人一样。

I’ve loved you as if you were my son. 我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。

He acts as if he were expert. 他做起事来好象是个专家。

He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

He acts as if he knew you. 看他的样子似乎认识你似的。

I can still remember the whole thing in great detail as though it happened yesterday. 这一切我记忆犹新，仿佛就是昨天发生的事一样。

They are talking as if they had been friends for years. 他们谈话的那股亲热劲就同多年老朋友似的。

He speaks as if he had really been there. 他讲起话来好像真的到过那儿一样。

He speaks English so well as if he had studied in England. 他英语说得这么好，好像他去英国学过英语似的。

He pretends as if he didn’t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well. 他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。

They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. 他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

3、虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的运用

能用虚拟语气的目的状语从句常由特殊连词lest（以防；以免；惟恐），for fear that（免得）和in case（以防）引起，这时从句中谓语多用“（should）＋动词原形”。例如：The old woman walked slowly lest she（should）slip. 老太太走得很慢，以免滑倒。

I wrote everything down lest I (should) forget it. 我把每件事都记下来惟恐忘记了。

He ran away lest he (should) be seen. 他跑开了，以免被人看见。

He took his umbrella with him lest it rain. 他带了雨伞，以防下雨。

We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. 我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。

He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the match. 他加快步伐，生怕在行军中掉队。

Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. 我对他特别关照，惟恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。

The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it should go wrong on the way. 司机仔细检查了发动机，以防在路上出毛病。

They burned all the important documents for fear that they fall into the enemy’s hands. 他们将所有的重要文件都烧毁了，以免它们落于敌人之手。

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她给小孩盖上毯子，以免小孩感冒了。

He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地搬动那仪器，生怕把它弄坏了。

I’m working hard for fear that I should fail in the exam. 我加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。

Take your umbrella along in case it (should) rain. 带着雨伞，以防下雨。

He doesn’t dare to go out in case he should be recognized. 他不敢出去，以免被人认出来。

I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留个座，没准你会改变主意。

He left early in case he should miss the last train. 他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。

in case引导的目的状语从句有时也可用陈述语气。例如：

Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 带些暖和的衣服，以防天气变冷。

Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防天下雨。

I spoke slowly in case they misunderstood me. 我说得很慢，以免他们听不懂。

当in case作“如果；万一”解时，常用陈述语气。例如：

I’ll be in the office all day, in case you telephone. 由于你可能来电话，我今天一天将在办公室。

In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话告诉我一声。

由so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语常用“might/could＋动词原形”结构。否定式则多用“should not＋动词原形”。例如：

She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother. 她在家里呆了好几天，以便能照顾她妈妈。

They asked the driver to stop the elephant so that they could have a “look”.他们要求赶象人把象拦住，以便他们能“看一看”。

They are climbing higher so that they might see the whole city. 他们正在爬得更高一些，以便能看见整个城市。

The teacher spoke slowly in order that all the students might hear him clearly. 老师讲得很慢，为的是让每个学生都听清楚。

He took a taxi to the station so that he should not miss the train. 为了不误火车，他乘出租车到火车站。

He locked the door of his room in order that he shouldn't be troubled by someone. 他锁上房间门，以便不被别人打扰。

4、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的运用

虚拟语气有时还可运用在原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等中。例如：I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health. 他的身体这么差让我很难过。

We were surprised that she should be so foolish. 她这么傻让我们感到奇怪。

This, if the news be true, will mean a lot to us. 如果这消息是真的，那对我们来说就太重要了。

Though everyone desert you, we will not. 即使所有的人抛弃了你，我们也不会。

Whichever be the case, my situation remained the same. 无论是哪种情况，我的处境都一

样。

七、虚拟语气在其它情况下的运用

虚拟语气能表示客气、委婉的意思，能给对方留有较大空间、余地，比陈述语气和祈使语气更为客气、委婉、礼貌。所以虚拟语气还可用于提出请求、发出邀请、表示祝愿或诅咒等。例如：

Could you tell me the way to the nearest shopping center? 你能告诉我去最近的购物中心的路吗？

Would you mind lowering your voice? 请你小声点儿，行吗？

Would you attend my party tonight? 今晚来参加我的聚会好吗？

May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Success attend you！祝你成功！

Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

Be it so！但愿如此！

So be it then! 那就这样吧！

Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！

God bless you! 上帝保佑你！

Heaven forbid! 天地不容！

God damn you! 该死的！