高中英语语法主动表被动
1.表示被动含义的主动动词
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。
2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如:
The door won't open.这门打不开。
It can't move.它不能动。
3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如:
The book sells well.
这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗。
4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:
This material has worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了。
The dust has blownsintosthe house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子。
2.表示被动含义的主动结构
1)动名词
be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).
你的头发该剪了。
2)不定式
作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如:
Give him some books to read.
给他点书看。
He has a family to support.
他要维持一个家庭。
There is a lot of work to do.
有许多工作要干。
当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:
There is so much work to do/to be done.
有这么多事情要做。
Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.
把那些要联系的人的名字给我。
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap(便宜的), dangerous(危险的), difficult(困难的), easy(容易的), important(重要的), nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答。
Chicken s legs are nice to eat.
鸡腿很好吃。
在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:〖HJ*5/9〗
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
The house is to let.此房出租。
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。
3)特殊结构
①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:
The building is under construction.
这座楼正在建设中。
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
整个事情正在讨论中。
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。
②“be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:
a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人
nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情
此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式。
在被动意义的表达上，虽然英语要大大多于汉语，但为了避免过多生硬地使用被动结构，使句子更加精炼、简洁，英语中也常运用主动形式来表示被动含义，它们和被动态有着内在的转化关系。
1、blow, clean, draw, read, sell, wash, write作不及物动词时。如：○1.This kind of cloth washes well.(这种布很能耐洗) ○2.This kind of computer sells well.(这种电脑销路好)
少数动词如do, cook, print等，其进行时主动结构也有被动意义。如：The meat is cooking now.(现在正在煮肉) These books are being printed now and will soon be published.(这些书正在印刷，很快就将出版) 2、在need, want, demand, require等动词后，主动-ing形式有被动含义（也可用不定式的被动形式）。如：○1.The matter wants looking into. (=The matter wants to be looked into.)这件事需要调查。○2.The bike needs repairing.(=The bike needs to be repaired.)
3、形容词worth后用-ing形式也表被动，但不可接不定式，然而可用be worthy to be done或be worthy of being done形式。如：This book is worth reading again. (不可说This book is worth to be read again.) =This book is worthy to be read again. =This book is worthy of being read again.
4、形容词nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant等后面接动词不定式，如与前面某个名词或代词有动宾关系，也用主动式。如：○1.His speech isn’t easy to understand. ○2.The story was interesting to listen to.
5、不定式作定语时，也不用被动形式。如：○1.I have something important to do. ○2.Give him some books to read.
6、“介词+名词”构成的短语，表示“在……中”。含这种用法的介词主要有for, on, in, within, above, under 等。如：○1.His paintings will be on show here next month. =His paintings will be showed here next month. ○2.The plan is under discussion. =The plan is being discussed.
英语动词，通常都是主动形式表主动意义、被动形式表被动意义。但在有些情况下，却要用主动形式表被动意义。现将这些情况总结如下：
1、某些系动词+形容词
常见的这类系动词有：look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste, prove, turn out（结果是，证明是）等。例如：
This coat feels very soft and smooth.
What he said sounds reasonable.
The medicine tastes bitter.
All he said proved (to be) true.
The flowers smelling sweet (= which smell sweet) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海)
We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turn out as planned.（04浙江）
2、某些用作不及物意义的动词+副词
常见的这类动词有：wash, clean, cook, eat, drink, brew, fry, bake, iron, cut , dye , dry, sell, read, write, teach, translate, record, wear, draw, drive, ride, lock, unlock, close ,shut ,open, break, smoke, play, act, wind up, make up, blow, keep, burn,
light , strike(划着), fire , pull, fill, begin, start, finish, complete, run(运转), stop, end, owe, print, move, let(出租), carry, handle, kill, , milk, pack, pick, split等。
这时：（1）句子的主语通常指物。（2）用来表示主语的内在品质、特征、状态或性质。(3) 通常和副词easily, well, quickly, smoothly, badly, poorly, nicely, wonderfully, perfectly, comfortably等连用。例如：
He paid all that was owing.
The tea is brewing.
Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.（04浙江）
—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film finishes quite early, so we are going to the bookstore after that. (05重庆)
Books of this kind sell well. ( 99上海).
This knife cuts easily.
This kind of cloth washes well, irons easily and wears long.
The paper tears easily.
This article translates well and reads easily.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
The school opens at 7∶45 and classes begin at 8:00.
The cigar smokes badly.
The cakes eat deliciously.
---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
---No, dear. They don’t keep well. Put them in the fridge instead. （02北京）His voice doesn't carry well.
This material does not dye well but dries quickly.
The damp match won't strike.
须注意：在这里动词都是当作不及物动词使用，用主动形式表被动强调的是主语本身所具有的某种内在的品质，促进、妨碍或阻止动词表示动作的实现；如果用被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响，动词表示的动作的实现与否和主语的品质无关，主要取决于动作的执行者。试比较：
This novel doesn’t sell well. 这本小说销售不畅。（是小说本身的原因）These novels have not been sold. 这些小说没有销出去。（由于其它原因没有卖出去，与小说本身无关）
The door won’t lock．门锁不上。（门本身有毛病）
The door wasn’t locked．门没锁。（人没把门锁上，与门本身无关）The text teaches well. 这篇课文好教。（由于课文本身的内容才使得这课文“好教” ）
The text is not taught well. 这篇课文没有教好。（与课文本身无关，问题是动作执行者没有把课文教好。
3、某些不及物动词（短语）
常见的这类动词有：happen, occur, take place, belong to ,break out, last, run out ,go out(熄灭), go down(下降)，cost, spread，come(传来)，come on(开始), come out(出版), come up(出现), come into being(产生), come to one’s mind（想起）, come about（发生）, come true, give out, suit, fit, add up(to),catch fire, measure, weigh等
The war broke out in 1938 and lasted eight years.
The big house belongs to me.
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
The bridge measures 30 meters across.
The news came that our team had won the game.
A terrible accident happened last night.
The price has gone down，but I doubt whether it will remain so．（99全国
卷）
The evening news comes on at seven o’clock and lasts o nly thirty minutes.（04全国卷II）
4、某些介词+名词
常见的介词有：under, beyond, in, on, for, out of等。
(1) “under +名词”结构, 表示某事“在进行中”。例如：
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
He is said to be under arrest for stealing.
The house under repair is our classroom building.
类似的结构还有：under construction (在建造中)，under treatment（在治疗中）, under question（在审讯中），under attack（在进攻中），under consideration（在考虑中），under contact（在联系中），under examination（在审查中），under investigation （在调查中），under review（在审议中），under treatment（在医治中），under trial （在受审中），under control（在被控制中）等。
(2) “beyond+名词”结构，表示“超出(胜过)……范围、限度”。例如：
The news is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
类似的结构还有beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond one’s understanding(无法理解)，beyond one’s expectation(始料不及), beyon d one’s power(力所不能及)等。
(3) “on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。例如：
Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
常见的还有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）等。
(4) “out of+名词”结构，表示“超出…… 之外”，例如：
The plane was out of control (can’t be controll ed)．。
常见的有：out of sight（超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(过时)，out of question（毫无疑问）等。
(5) “for+名词”结构，表示“适于……,有待于……”。例如：
That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
The shop is for rent.
(6) “in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”例如：
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
The house is in sight now.
5、动词不定式
(1) 主语+及物动词+宾语+ to do(作定语)。这时，不定式虽与被修饰词（宾语）之间是动宾关系，但与句子的主语有主谓关系。另外，不定式若是不及物动词时，应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词。例如：
I have a meeting to attend today.
Do you have anything to say?
Would you like something to drink?
She had to find a room to live in.
I have borrowed a novel to read during the vacation.
I have several models for you to choose from.
但是如果不定式和主语之间没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定式的被动形式。例如：
I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?
I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
以上两句用不定式的被动形式作定语，表明you不是take/post动作的执行者。
(2) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+ to do(作定语)。这时，不定式与被修饰词(直接宾语)之间是动宾关系，而与间接宾语之间有主谓关系。另外，不定式若为不及物动词时，应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词。例如：He lent me some books to read.
Give me a pen to write with.
He lent me a piece of paper to write on.
(3) This/That) +be +名词+ to do(作定语)。例如：
This is an easy question to answer.
That is a good place to live in.
(4) there be+名词+to do(作定语)。
此结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如：
There is nothing to worry about.
There is no time to lose (to be lost).
There are still many difficulties to overcome (to be overcome).
但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思：不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。试比较:
There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do.)
There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)
There is nothing to see. (nothing that is worth seeing)
There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all)
(5) 主语(人或物) + be + 形容词+ to do (作状语)。
常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, nice, good，interesting, important, fit，impossible，pleasant，light, heavy, bitter, comfortable, cheap, expensive, funny, exciting, delicious等。若不定式动词是不及物时应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词。例如：
The water in the lake is unfit to drink.
The strawberries are nice to eat.
The problem is easy to work out.
The man is hard to please.
The room is expensive to live in .
(6) 主语+及物动词+形容词+to do(作宾补)。这时，不定式与宾语之间有动宾关系，而与句子的主语有主谓关系。另外，不定式为不及物动词时，应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词。例如：
I find the lecture difficult to understand.
I find him pleasant to work with.
(7) “too+形容词+to do(作状语)”结构中。例如：
This book is too difficult to understand completely.
The passage is too hard to translate.
(8) “疑问代词+ 不定式”结构中。例如：
I don't know what to do next.
She will tell you which bus to take.
Do you know whom to go with?
The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.
(9) “be+ to do(作表语) 结构中。例如：
The house is to let.
I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. (02上海)
The reason is not far to seek.
6、动名词
下列结构中的动名词必须用主动形式表示被动意义：
(1) want (need, demand, require, request) “需要”+ 动名词。例如：These young seedlings will require looking after
He is ill; he needs sending to hospital.
Your hair demands cutting.
但在这这些动词后接不定式时，则必须用被动形式表被动意义。例如：The room needs to be cleaned.
He is ill; he needs to be sent to hospital.
2) be worth(值得)+动名词。例如:
The film is very instructive and is well worth seeing.
Life won't be worth living without friendship.
It's hardly worth mentioning.
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2. 句子成分：按结构分类** （1）名词短语 （2）动词短语 （3）形容词短语 （4）副词短语 （5）介词短语 3. 句子成分：按功能分类 （1）主语（S） （2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（V）（3）宾语（O） （4）补语（C） （5）状语（A） （6）表语（P） （7）定语（Attr.） 4. 基本句型 （1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV） The bus is coming. （2）主（系）表（SP） Amy is kind. （3)主谓宾（SVO） John opened the fridge. （4）主谓宾宾（SVOO） Uncle bought me a new dictionary. （5）主谓宾补（SVOC） Most students have found her helpful. （6）主谓状（SV A） The children stayed in the room. （7）主谓宾状（SVOA） You can put the dish here. （8）存现句
高一英语语法填空专项练习
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
高中英语语法被动语态
被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、' 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 四、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) （ Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： … My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如：
高一英语必修三语法复习——被动语态教案
高一英语必修三语法复习——被动语态教案 重难点讲解: 高一英语必修三中的主要语法点有:被动语态,动词不定式和定语从句,另外还涉及了主谓一致、间接引语及连接词的用法。 被动语态专题复习 (一被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: (1am/is/are+done(过去分词一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (2has/have been done现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed,and we’re ready to start. (3am/is/are being done现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here. (4was/were done一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. (5had been done过去完成时 例By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (6was/were being done过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. (7shall/will be done一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. (8should/would be done过去将来时
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017)》语法项目一览
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》语法项目一览 说明： 不带*号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目（参见2011 版《义务教育英语课程标准》）。这些项目还会大量出现在高中阶段更加丰富的语境中，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容。带*号的项目是高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带**号的项目是选修I 课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带***号的项目是选修II 课程（提高类）要求学习和掌握的项目。 一、词类 1. 名词 （1）可数名词及其单、复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格 2. 动词 （1）动词的基本形式 （2）及物动词和不及物动词 （3）系动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 3. 形容词 （1）形容词的基本形式 （2）形容词的比较级和最高级 4. 副词 （1）副词的基本形式 （2）副词的比较级和最高级 5. 代词 49 / 53 （1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）反身代词 （4）指示代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 6. 数词 （1）基数词 （2）序数词 7. 介词 8. 连词 9. 冠词 10. 感叹词 二、构词法 1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 转化法 4. 缩写和简写
三、句法 1. 句子种类 （1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 a. 一般疑问句 b. 特殊疑问句 c. 选择疑问句 d. 附加疑问句 （3）祈使句 （4）感叹句 2. 句子成分：按结构分类** 50 / 53 （1）名词短语 （2）动词短语 （3）形容词短语 （4）副词短语 （5）介词短语 3. 句子成分：按功能分类 （1）主语（S） （2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（V）（3）宾语（O） （4）补语（C） （5）状语（A） （6）表语（P） （7）定语（Attr.） 4. 基本句型 （1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV） The busis coming. （2）主（系）表（SP） Amyis kind. （3）主谓宾（SVO） Johnopenedthe fridge. （4）主谓宾宾（SVOO） Uncleboughtmea new dictionary. （5）主谓宾补（SVOC） Most studentshave foundherhelpful. （6）主谓状（SVA） The childrenstayedin the room. （7）主谓宾状（SVOA） Youcan putthe dishhere. （8）存现句：引导词there 引导的句子 Thereisa treebehind the shop. 51 / 53 5. 谓语动词的时态
(word完整版)高中英语语法填空专项训练及答案
语法填空专题训练 预热题 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them correctly and wisely. 1 , some of us are upset 2 their body styles and looks. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty 3 matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood 4 our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to remove the 6 (understand). Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money 【文章综述】本文讲述高中生成长中有很多的烦恼，我们应该用正确的方式来处理。 【答案解析】 1.First与第三行的Second形成呼应，都表示列举 2.about 考察固定搭配be upset about…对…感到难过，失望；很多人对于自己的体型和外貌感到难过。 3.that本句是一个强调句型It is…that/who…；本句强调的是主语one’s inner beauty，句意：重要的是我们的内在美。 4.by本句话考查被动语态。Be misunderstood by 被。。误解。 5.Faced 本句中的faced是动词face的过去分词转换的形容词，构成be faced with…面对着…；在句中使用形容词来说明后面主句转换主语的情况。 6.misunderstanding考查名词。句意：我们找合适的时间来与父母面对面交谈，来消除误解。 7.which 本句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话的内容在句中做主语。 8.ourselves 本句中使用反身代词ourselves表示强调。我们经常鼓励自己高效工作。 9.determination 本句中介词of后面要接名词作宾语，故使用determine的名词determination。 10. how 本句考察的“特殊疑问词+不定式”在句中做宾语的用法，在本句中how to spend money作为动词learn的宾语。
高中英语语法(2)-被动语态
第二章被动语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
高中英语语法填空专项练习
语法填空专项练习 一 A wealthy old lady who lived near Dr. Swift used to send him presents occasionally by her servant. Dr. Swift took her presents but never gave the boy anything for 1 trouble. One day as Swift was busy with his writing, 2 boy rushed into his room, knocked some books out of 3 place, threw his parcel on the desk and said, “My mistress(女主人) has sent you two of 4 rabbits.” Swift turned 5 and said, “My boy, that is not the 6 to deliver your parcel. Now, you sit in my chair, watch my way of doing it and learn your lesson.” The boy sat down. Swift went out, knocked on his door and waited. The boy said, “Come in.” The doctor entered, 7 (walk) to his desk and said, “8 you please sir, my mistress sends her kind regards and hopes you will accept these rabbits which her son shot this morning in her fields.” The boy answered, “Thank you, my boy. Give your mistress and her son my thanks for their kindness and 9 is two shillings for yourself.” The doctor laughed, and after 10 , Swift never forgot to give the boy his tip. 二 At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove up to the light, it turned red, and I braked to a halt. I look left, right, and behind me. 1 . Not a car, no suggestion of headlights, but 2 I sat, 3 (wait) the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction. I started wondering 4 I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of 5 (catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop 6 around and there certainly would have been no danger in going 7 it. Much later that night, the 8 question of why I’d stopped for that light came 9 to me. I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract (合同) we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust 10 to honor it: we don’t go through red lights. Like most of us, I’m ready to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it than by any law against it. 三 Did you know that in the mountains it can start to snow in August? It snows through the fall and winter. 1 , in spring, when all that snow melts, water falls down the mountainsides. Streams(溪流) form and come 2 to form rivers. Let’s follow one of the rivers in Utah. The Bear River begins nearly 13,000 feet 3 in the mountains. It ends only 90 miles 4 , but it will have dropped about 9,000 feet first! The most surprising thing about this river is where 5 ends. If you look at a map, you will see that nearly all rivers 6 (empty) into the sea. But 7 the water of the Bear River. This river flows into the Great Salt Lake, the
高中英语语法(2)-被动语态
第二章被动语态（一） 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。 She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
(完整word版)高中英语语法被动语态详解
被动语态 一、构成： 1.助动词be+（及物动词的）过去分词。 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语间的关系。英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如： Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. English is not spoken here. 二、用法 1.不知某事为谁所做：不知道谁是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。例如： （1）His watch was stolen yesterday. （2）This car is made in Japan. 2.不必说出动作为谁所做：不必或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。例如：（1）This novel was written in 1886. （2）A bridge is being built over there. 3．为了强调或突出动作的承受者。例如： （1）The matter was discussed at the meeting last week. （2）Wang Lin was elected monitor of the class. 4. It is said that 等结构：在I was told that,It is said that,It is believed that,It is hoped that,It is suggested that 等习惯用语中用被动语态。例如： （1）I was told that he had been wounded in the war. （2）It is reported that a new road will be built here. 5.带有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+过去分词。 (1) The book must be returned to the library at once. (2)The task can be finished in a week. 6.带有不定式的被动语态结构：to be+过去分词。例如： (1) A new hotel is going to be built here. (2)He didn’t want to be examined. 7.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可漏掉组成短语的介词或副词。例如：(1) The experiment has been carried out. (2) The old man is well taken care of. 三、被动语态的疑难问题： 1.主动语态变为被动语态的方法： (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：