糖尿病相关英文词汇
糖尿病相关单词说课讲解
糖尿病相关单词
糖尿病相关英文词汇 DM 相关英文词汇小结 1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病 2.hyperglycemia 高血糖 3.abnormalities 异常 4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌 5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性 6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症 7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症 8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症 9.ensue 出现、发生 10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β -cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤 11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长 12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转 13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期 of 14.autoantibodies 自身抗体 15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体 17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体 18.lipolysis 脂肪分解 19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成 20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加
21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降 22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories， inadequate exercise， and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖） 23.superimposed upon 协同 24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因 25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素 26.pentamidine 喷他脒 27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 28.α-interferon α-干扰素 29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L） 30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L） 31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变 32.neuropathy DM 神经病变 33.nephropathy DM 肾病 34.coronary heart disease 冠心病 35.stroke 中风 36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变 37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向 38.severestress 严重应激 39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素 40.asymptomatic 无症状
糖尿病英文简介
Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseas es in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications ca n include diabetic ketoacidosis（酮症酸中毒）, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma（高糖昏迷）, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney f ailure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.There are three main types of diab etes mellitus: Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin. Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood-sugar levels. Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure and maintai ning proper foot care are important for people with the disease. Type 1 DM must be m anaged with insulin injections.Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or witho ut insulin.Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar.Weight loss surger y in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM.Gest ational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.
糖尿病相关单词
糖尿病相关英文词汇 DM 相关英文词汇小结 1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病 高血糖 异常 secretion 胰岛素分泌 sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性 complications 微血管并发症 complications 大血管并发症 complications 神经并发症 出现、发生 destruction pancreatic β -cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤 preclinical period 亚临床期长 remission 疾病短暂好转 phase 蜜月期 of 自身抗体 cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体 antibodies 胰岛素抗体 脂肪分解 fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成 glucose production 肝糖生成增加 skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降 lifestyle (excessive calories，inadequate exercise，and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖） upon 协同 genotype 易感基因 糖皮质激素 喷他脒 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 28.α-interferon α-干扰素 fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（– mmol/L） glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（– mmol/L） DM 视网膜病变 DM 神经病变 DM 肾病 heart disease 冠心病 中风 vascular disease 外周血管病变 to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向 严重应激 hormones 胰岛素对抗激素 无症状 blood testing 随机血糖 无精打采
糖尿病病例分析(英文)
Shiyun Kim, PharmD, BCACP, BCPP, CDE James Lee, PharmD, BCACP University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Diabetes Cases – July 5, 2017 CASE 1 M.L. is a 48y.o. Asian female who presents to the Internal Medicine Clinic clinical pharmacist for follow-up regarding hypertension (HTN). She was screened for diabetes at a recent health fair and was told to discuss her blood sugar reading with her health care provider. However, she does not remember the blood sugar reading. She tells you her sister was recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. PMH: HTN x 6 months, GDM (gestational DM) 7 years ago PSH: Tubal ligation 7 years ago FH: Mother: Type 2 DM Father: HTN Sister: Type 2 DM M. Grandmother: Diabetes, unsure what type, was using insulin SH: Smokes 1ppd x 15 years, occEtOH, denies illicit substance use Caffeine: Drinks 2 cups of coffee/ day, 1-2 regular Pepsi sodas/day Diet: Does not always eat breakfast, usually eats fast food for lunch NKDA (no known drug allergies) Medications HCTZ 25mg po daily Vitals: Ht 5’5” Wt: 180 lbs (81.7kg)BMI 30 BP 144/82 P 82 R 20 Temp 98.6 F 1.What risk factors does ML have for DM? 2. A Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) measurement was obtained from ML today: 140mg/dL. What is ML’s diagnosis?
糖尿病英文文章
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorderthat is characterized by high blooglucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.[2] This is in contrast todiabetes mellitus type 1, in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in t he pancreas.[3] The classic symptoms are excess thirst, frequent urination, and constant hunger. T ype 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with the other 10% due primarily to diabe tes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes. Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 di abetes in people who are genetically predisposed to the disease. Type 2 diabetes is initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. If blood glu cose levels are not adequately lowered by these measures, medications such as metformin or insulin may be needed. In those on insulin, there is typically the requirement to ro utinely check blood sugar levels. Rates of type 2 diabetes have increased markedly over the last 50 years in parallel with obesity: As of 2010 there are approximately 285 million people with the disease compared to around 30 milli on in 1985.[4][5]Long-term complications from high blood sugar can include heart disease,strokes, diabetic retinopathy where eyesight is affected, kidney failurewhich may require d ialysis, and poor circulation of limbs leading toamputations. The acute complication of ketoacidosi s, a feature of type 1 diabetes, is uncommon.[6] However, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma may occ ur. Signs and symptoms Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), p olyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss.[7] Other symptoms that are commonly present at d iagnosis include: a history of blurred vision,itchiness, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent vaginal infections, and fatigue. Many people, however, have no symptoms during the firs t few years and are diagnosed on routine testing. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus may rarely p resent with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (a condition of very high blood sugar associated with a decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure). 10 References 11 External links Signs and symptoms Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent Complications
糖尿病中英文摘要
全选 [1]Stern MP.Mode of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes from Normal or Impaired Glucose Tolerance.[J].Diabetes,2004,53(1) Fasting plasma glucose concentrations (FPG) predict development of type 2 diabetes. Whether hyperglycemia evolves from normoglycemia gradually over time or as a step increase is not known. We measured plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose testing in 35- to 64-year-old men and nonpregnant women from a population-based survey (Mexico City Diabetes Study) at baseline (n = 2,279) and after 3.25 (n = 1,740) and 7 years (n = 1,711) of follow-up. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) on all three occasions (nonconverters; n = 911), FPG increased only slightly (0.23 +/- 0.79 mmol/l, mean +/- SD; P < 0.0001) over 7 years. In contrast, conversion to diabetes among NGT subjects (n = 98) was marked by a large step-up in FPG regardless of time of conversion (3.06 +/- 2.57 and 2.94 +/- 3.11 mmol/l, respectively, at 3.25 and 7 years; P < 0.0001 vs. nonconverters). Likewise, in subjects who converted to diabetes from impaired glucose tolerance (n = 75), FPG rose by 3.14 +/- 3.83 and 3.12 +/- 3.61 mmol/l (P < 0.0001 vs. nonconverters). Three-quarters of converters had increments in FPG above the 90th percentile of the corresponding increments in nonconverters. Converters had higher
医学英语糖尿病专业词汇
医学英语糖尿病专业词汇 A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素 A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂 A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链 Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤 Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer] Accountability measures 质量改善度评量 ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机 Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名 ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词] ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂 Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂 Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂 Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,
Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂 Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂长效型 Adhesion molecule 黏着分子与动脉硬化形成相关，可被HDL 抑制 Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变 Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐乙酰醋酸 Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly] Acetone 丙酮 Acetylsalicylic acid： [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林 Acidosis 酸血症 Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂 Acromegaly肢端肥大症 Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用 Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂新降血糖药物 Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型人体胰岛素 Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞 ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会
糖尿病简介 英文版
Diabetes - Introduction Introduction Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of Americans every year. Your health care provider may have informed you that you have diabetes. Although there is no known cure for diabetes, there are several treatments which can control this disease. The success of any diabetes treatment depends largely on you, the patient. This reference summary will help you develop a better understanding of diabetes and how to control this disease. What is Diabetes The body is made of millions of cells that need energy to function. The food you eat is turned into sugar, called glucose. Glucose is carried to the cells through the blood stream. It is one of many substances needed by the cells to make energy. For glucose to enter the cells, two conditions must be present. First, the cells should have enough “doors,” called receptors. Second, a hormone called insulin is needed to “unlock the receptors.” Once these two conditions are met, glucose enters the cell and is used by the cell to make energy. Without energy, all cells die. Insulin is a hormone, which is manufactured in the pancreas. Insulin levels in the blood vary with the amount of glucose present in the blood. Diabetes is a disease that makes it difficult for the cells of the body to get the glucose they need to make energy. There are two ways in which diabetes can make it difficult for the cells of the body to receive adequate amounts of glucose. First, insulin may not be made by the pancreas. This document is for informational purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a doctor or healthcare professional or a recommendation for any particular treatment plan. Like any printed material, it may become out of date over time. It is important that you rely on the advice of a doctor or a healthcare professional for your specific condition.
【疾病名】糖尿病心脏病【英文名】diabeticcardiopathy【缩写】【别名
【疾病名】糖尿病心脏病 【英文名】diabetic cardiopathy 【缩写】 【别名】糖尿病性心脏病 【ICD号】E14.5 【概述】 糖尿病心脏病是糖尿病患者致死的主要原因之一，尤其是在2型糖尿病患者中。广义的糖尿病心脏病包括冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)，糖尿病心肌病和糖尿病心脏自主神经病变等。糖尿病心脏病与非糖尿病患者相比，常起病比较早，糖尿病患者伴冠心病常表现为无痛性心肌梗死，梗死面积比较大，穿壁梗死多，病情多比较严重，预后比较差，病死率较高；如冠状动脉造影和临床排除冠状动脉病变，糖尿病患者出现严重的心律失常、心脏肥大、肺淤血和充血性心力衰竭，尤其是难治性心力衰竭，临床可考虑糖尿病心肌病。以下重点介绍糖尿病冠心病和糖尿病心肌病。 【流行病学】 糖尿病患者有70%～80%死于心血管并发症，与非糖尿病患者相比，男性糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡和充血性心衰发生的危险性增加2倍，女性增高3倍。Stoamler等报告在多因素干预试验的12年随访研究中，与非糖尿病男性相比，在年龄、种族、胆固醇、收缩压及吸烟等配对的情况下，男性糖尿病患者心血管疾病死亡增高3倍，在低危险状态[收缩压＜120mmHg，胆固醇＜ 5.2mmol/L(200mg/dl，非吸烟)]的患者中，则心血管死亡的相对危险性增高5倍多。除了发生率和病死率增高之外，糖尿病患者冠状动脉损害的程度要明显严重，冠状动脉造影和尸检显示糖尿病患者2～3支血管同时受损的发生率明显高于非糖尿病对照组，且常呈现弥漫性病变。但既往对糖尿病患者合并心脏病常仅注意冠心病，而近年来随着对糖尿病心脏病患者进行非创伤性检查和冠状动脉造影的开展，发现部分糖尿病心脏病患者并未见冠状动脉病变，甚至尸检亦未见冠状动脉阻塞和心肌梗死，而表现为心肌、小血管和微血管病变，这亦与糖尿病患者心脏病发生率和病死率增高部分有关。 【病因】
世界糖尿病日 World Diabetes Day(高中英语作文)
世界糖尿病日World Diabetes Day 高中英语作文 World Diabetes Day falls on November 14th each year. To set up this day is to strengthen the publicity and education on diabetes prevention and monitoring, to improve the understanding of diabetes, asking people pay more concerned about the life and work of diabetes patients, to strengthen the research on diabetes prevention, treatment. As people’s living standard has been improved and taking less exercise, the number of diabetes patients is increasing day by day. Although mild diabetes would not lead to death, but when it becomes serious, the consequence will be different. The rate of people die of diabetes is larger and larger. Everyone should aware this and fight for this horrible chronic disease to reduce the death rate. Keeping a good diet and living a good living style is helpful. In other word, people should eat healthy and do more exercise. Let’s work together to make a healthy world!每年的11月14是世界糖尿病日。这一天的设立是为了使世界所有国家加强对糖尿病的宣传教育、防治和监测，提高对糖尿病的认识，更加关心糖尿病患者的工作与生活，加强对糖尿病预防措施、治疗手
糖尿病翻译
3a.8.1生活方式的干预 ESC以及欧洲糖尿病研究协会的科学声明提倡生活方式管理是预防和管理糖尿病的首要方法。大多数糖尿病患者都存在肥胖的问题，因此控制体重是中心环节。盐的摄入量应受到限制。Several dietary patterns can be adopted where thepredominance of fruits, vegetables, wholegrain cereals and low-fatprotein sources is more important than the precise proportions oftotal energy provided by the major macronutrients. 限制食盐的摄入量。具体的饮食建议包括：限制饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的摄入，限制饮酒，监控碳水化合物的摄入，增加膳食纤维摄入水平。地中海饮食模式是符合要求的，其中脂肪来源主要为单不饱和油脂。有氧运动和抗阻运动的结合训练能够有利于预防DM的进展以及血糖控制。对于如何促进以及维持PA了解的较少。吸烟提高DM, CVD以及过早死亡的发病风险，应强烈反对。生活方式的干预可以降低未来微血管和大血管的发病风险 3a.8.2 心血管疾病风险
新诊断的超过一定年龄（＞40岁）的2型DM建议服用他汀类药物。然而，一部分40-50岁的DM患者血压血脂水平正常并且吸烟，他们患CVD的风险跟年龄比他们小十岁的人一致，在这种情况下需要医生的指导。＜40岁的2型糖尿病患者如果存在终末器官损伤或明显的危险因素，他汀类也应该推荐。 3a 8.3 血糖控制 英国前瞻性糖尿病研究（UKPDS）强调了强化降低血糖（intensive glucose lowering）对于初诊糖尿病患者降低心血管疾病的风险的重要性，这强调了二甲双胍作为一线治疗药物的重要地位。为了验证采用更加强化的血糖控制措施和更低的靶HbA1c水平是否能够降低CV的发病实施了三个实验，然而，结果让人惊讶，一项实验中总死亡数以及CVD死亡人数上升，一项实验CVD死亡人数有 上升趋势。这些结果引发了对强化糖降低的安全性以及追求更加严格的血糖控制的适宜性的担忧，尤其是 老年DM患者以及已经患有CVD的患者。接下来的meta分析结果表明可以显著降低非致死性AMI和CAD 的发生，但对中风和全因死亡率没有影响。 最近的研究发现，SGLT2抑制剂empagliflozin能够表现大幅减少CVD死亡（38%）和全因死亡率（32%）， 以及HF住院率（35%）。与标准护理相比，建议使用SGLT2抑制剂及早应用于DM患者以及CVD患者的 病程管理中。 3a 8.4血压。 在2型糖尿病患者中，除了生活方式的干预措施，应该像控制葡萄糖和胆固醇一样严格控制血压针对葡萄糖和糖化血红蛋白水平。不管2型糖尿病患者的总体心血管风险评分是多少都应考虑血压目标。 目标收缩压＜140 mmHg能降低，总死亡率和大多数独立结果的风险。实现目标收缩压＜130mmHg能降低蛋白尿、风险进一视网膜病变和脑卒中的风险，但对总生存或总的临床终点没有影响。大于80岁的老年，排除目前存在肾损害，目标收缩压应该设定的稍高一点，＜150/90mmHg。 3a.8.5 降脂治疗 心脏保护研究（HPS）表明，无急性心肌梗死或心绞痛病史的糖尿病患者以及非糖尿病给予40毫克辛伐 他汀治疗后冠心病和中风的风险降低，他汀类药物作用的的进一步的强大支持来自联合阿托伐他汀糖尿病 研究(CARDS)的结果以及meta分析。 美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）认为，目前的证据基础不足以证明贝特类对CVD的保护作用。更多的试 验证据是必要的。 3A 8.6抗血栓治疗。 1型或2型糖尿病患者并发血栓有增高的趋势。抗血小板试验协作meta分析显示抗血栓治疗（主要是阿 司匹林）对糖尿病患者合并临床确诊的CAD、脑血管疾病或其他形式的血栓性疾病有好处，能够使CV事 件的风险降低25%。阿司匹林对无CVD的病人的作用还没有得到证实。 3a.8.7 微量蛋白尿 微量白蛋白尿（尿白蛋白排泄率30-300毫克／24小时）预测1型或2型糖尿病患者向糖尿病肾病进展，而显性蛋白尿的存在（300 mg／24 h）通常表明了明确的肾实质损害。 糖尿病并且有微量白蛋白尿或者蛋白尿的患者不考虑血压的基线水平，应该给予ACEI或ARB治疗。
翻译 糖尿病
Diabetes Diabetes(糖尿病) is a condition where the body is unable to automatically regulate blood glucose levels, resulting in too much glucose in the blood. 糖尿病是一个条件,身体无法自动调节血糖水平,导致血液中过多的葡萄糖。 Glucose(葡萄糖) comes from foods that contain carbohydrate(碳水化合物),for example, breads and cereals(谷物,谷类) , milk and dairy foods, fruits and some vegetables. Glucose travels in the bIood stream to the muscles and other organs where it is used as fuel. Excess glucose is detoured(绕道) to the liver where it is stored for future use. Glucose is the body's preferred(首选的) source of energy and our bodies need it to work efficiently , just like a car need petrol to run. 葡萄糖来自于含有碳水化合物的食物,例如,面包和谷类食品,牛奶和乳制品的食品,水果和一些蔬菜。葡萄糖在救护车流到肌肉和其他器官,用作燃料。多余的葡萄糖是遭遇肝脏存储以供将来使用。葡萄糖是身体的首选源的能量,我们的身体需要有效地工作,就像汽车需要汽油。 The blood glucose level is regulated with the help of insulin, a hormone(or chemical messenger) made in the pancreas(胰腺) . Insulin is the key that glucose needs to enter the body's cells so that it can be used as fuel. Diabetes develops when the pancreas stops producing insulin or when the body does not respond properly to insulin. There are two major types of diabetes: Type 1 , a disease in which the body does not produce any insulin, most often occurs in children and young adults. People with Type1 diabetes must take daily insulin injection to stay alive. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 percent of diabetes. Type2,a metabolic disorder resulting from the body's inability to make enough or properly use of insulin. It is the most common form of the disease. Type2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of diabetes. Type2 diabetes is nearing epidemic(流行的) proportions, due to an increased number of older people, and a greater prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Insulin injections are necessary to treat Typel diabetes. Type2 diabetes can usually be controlled in the first instance by regular exercise and diet. Tablets(药片) and eventually(最终) insulin injections may be needed as the disease prognsses.