2016年北京师范大学英语翻译基础考研真题,复试真题

2016年北京师范大学英语翻译基础考研真题,复试真题
2016年北京师范大学英语翻译基础考研真题,复试真题

2016年翻译硕士考研信息英语翻译基础

一、英译汉:

the Authorized Version钦定版圣经

flesh and blood血肉之躯

a wet blanket令人扫兴的人

puppy love早年初恋

the Analects论语

contact lenses隐形眼镜

proof positive铁证

track and field田径运动

child's play容易干的事,不重要的事

danger money危险工作的额外报酬

pull sb's leg愚弄某人

in for a penny,in for a pound一不做二不休

between the devil and the deep blue sea左右为难

real economy实体经济

二、汉译英

音译transliteration

国内生产总值GDP

八折优惠20%off

左上角top left corner

淡酒light wine

老于世故的人man of the world/sophisticated person

硬性推销hard sale promotion

天道酬勤god helps those who help themselves

隔墙有耳wall have ears

三三两两small knots of people

耐用消费品durable consumer goods

招领启事Lost and Found

拦路虎a lion in the way

可持续发展sustainable development

新兴市场国家Emerging Market Countries

三、英译汉:

I was slow to understand the deep grievances of women.This was because,as a boy,I had envied them.Before college,the only people I had ever known who were interested in art or music or literature,the only ones who read books,the only ones who ever seemed to enjoy a sense of ease and grace were the mothers and daughters.Like the menf**d about money,they scrimped and made-do.

But,when the pay stopped coming in,they were not the ones who had failed.Nor did they have to go to war,and that seemed to me a blessed fact.By comparison with the narrow, ironclad days of fathers,there was expansiveness,I thought,in the days of mothers.

They went to see neighbors,to shop in town,to run errands at school,at the library, at church.No doubt,had I looked harder at their lives,I would have envied them less. It was not my fate to become a woman,so it was easier for me to see the graces.Few of them held jobs outside the home,and those who did filled thankless

roles as clerks and waitresses.I didn’t see,then,what a prison a house could be,since houses seemed to me brighter,handsomer places than any factory.I did not realize—because such things were never spoken of-how often women suffered from men's bullying.I did learn about the wretchedness of abandoned wives,single mothers,widows;but I also learned about the wretchedness of lone men.Even then I could see how exhausting it was for a mother to cater all day to the needs of young children.But if I had been asked,as a boy,to choose between tending a baby and tending a machine,I think I would have chosen the baby.

四、汉译英:

书信作为人际交往中传递信息,建立,发展和改变人际关系,联络和加深思想感情,以至评论时政抒发己见的主要形式,古时就已有之。在古代“书”是指信,“信”是指信使,“书信”连用首

次出现于《晋书》,到唐代已十分普遍。

古代书信传递在书信篇幅和传递速度上有限制,鉴于当时书写材料昂贵,交通也不发达。有的用信鸽传递,有的用竹筒传递。政府组织的官方驿传,分为足递,马传,急脚递三等。传书之人称为“雁足”“鸿雁”,出自“鸿雁传书”的传说。

(1)一般而言,每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题,阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。

(2)考研文章的两类体裁:议论文,重点是作者的观点和态度。说明文,重点是作者的态度,说明对象及其特点。

(3)阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的,同时还要给文章分段,便于更好的回文章定位。

(4)阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处,快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。

(5)每个选项都应力争回文中定位,全部题目都能做到正确答案在原文中对应的位置,判断出出题的方式以及错误答案的特征。

(6)文章固定模式:

A花开两朵,各表一枝

模式:在文章开始提出两个核心概念,随后分段叙述。

关键:两个概念的定义以及他们的区别和联系。

B问题答案型

模式:在第一段中出现一个问题,在随后各段提出该问题的答案。

关键:把握其中心往往就是该问题最直接最主要的答案。

C时文

特点:耸人听闻,吸引眼球;貌似客观,内涵态度;抛砖引玉,一起争论

阅读时文时,把握时文的中心出现在手段的末句,或者二段的首句。

D独句段

出现一个句子单独成段,特别是其出现在文章开始或者结尾,一般其表达的是文章的中心思想。若位于文章中间部分一般是承上启下的作用。

E开门见山

文章的写作特点是:直接给出观点,摆出事实论据,进行推理论证,每段都紧扣文章的主题。

F启承传合

阅读时要抓住论点,区分论点合论据的关系,因为题目设计往往围绕论点进行,并要注意把握文章首尾的前后呼应关系。

G平铺直叙

事实合观点交叉出现,在字里行间达到阐明观点的目的,需要大家综合各段内容,通过分析和归纳判断。

H层层递进

一篇文章的整体,或者几个段落论述的问题,由从抽象到具体,从初级到高级,从简单到复杂的过程,且各段从开始都出现递进词,阅读时注意把握这种文章的中心,或几段的核心。观点必然出现在层层递进各段的最后一段。

三、五大微观阅读技巧

(一)虚拟语气

1、作者写作时采用虚拟语气,一般表示建议、态度、和观点,用来表达一种反事实的假设。

2、阅读时,重点要体会作者利用反话正说,正话反说所传递的言外之意。

(二)长难句

1、主句,从句多又长,一个主句带多个从句,从句又含从句

2、方法:(1)先抓整句话的主干,从前向后读句子,找出独立的谓语部分,把握复杂句中,最核心的主谓宾语,再根据从句的连接词,区分主从句,层层扩展进行理解。

3、分词短语、todo结构,独立主格的干扰

注意理解主句最完整的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的主谓语部分,一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的诸位部分,它不是句子,而是分词短语、todo结构,独立主格。

(三)长难句基本语法结构

1、形式主语或宾语

2、强调句结构

3、非限制性定语从句

4、同位语从句

5、倒装结构

6、省略句

(四)标点符号的作用

1、句号:用来分割句子,以句子为单位把一个长的段落切分成为不同的句型。

2、逗号:两个逗号之间,或者一个逗号之后是用是一个补充说明成分,可以先不看。

3、冒号:冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程,后面进一步是具体补充说明前面的内容。

4、分号前后是并列关系,包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。

5、破折号:两个破折号之间或者一个破折号之后是补充说明成分,可以先不看。

6、引号:一种作用是用来引用别人的观点,用来支持作者观点,或者是作为批判的对象。一种是说反话,表示反语。

7、括号:补充说明的作用。

(五)类比关系

1、文章中出现类比关系时要识别类比核心概念。作者把什么比作什么,即类比或比喻对象。

2、注意类比、引用、举例。举例都是为了表达文章观点,可把类比看做特殊的例证,重点找出作者支持的观点。

四、错误选项的十大特征:

1、无中生有(原文中未提及的概念)

2、正反混淆(逻辑关系)

3、答非所问(答案没错,符合原文,但不符合题干)

4、过分绝对(must、completely、never、always、no+名词、definitely)

5、扩大范围(特别注意隐蔽型扩大范围)

6、因果倒置

7、常识判断(符合常识不一定正确,不符合常识一定不正确)

8、推得过远(不能过分推理,紧扣原文才是关键)

9、偷换概念

10、改变词性

五、正确答案五大特征

1、正确答案通常与文章的中心主旨大意有关。

2、正确答案所处的位置以段首段尾句、转折处、因果关系处、条件关系处为主。

3、正确答案出题所用的原则:同义词、近义词替换;从逻辑关系考察,正话反说,反话正说。

4、有些正确答案从语意来看带有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词(can、may、maight、some、possible),尤其是推理题的答案中含有这些词,以显示该题论述含义的相对性。

5、正确答案总体上看具有概括性、深刻性,因此其考查的对象是文章的重点和难点,以全文为参考依据。

六、四大金刚法则

1、如果四个选项中有两个选项要表达的含义围绕同一件事以相近或相反的角度展开论述时,首先考虑这两项。

2、当两个选项要表达的意思非常相近时,要把握其程度上的差异,一定要回原文中定位,紧扣原文所表达的含义进行判断。

3、阅读理解题正确选项通常不会照抄原文,经常采用正话反说、反话正说的方式或者原文信息的同义词改写以及归纳总结。

4、选项中使用的原文中的词越多,对的可能性越小。做题应该根据逻辑关系找意思上跟原文一致的选项。

七、五层阅读方法

1、抓住文章的中心,和论述的宏观结构。(泛读)

2、认真把握各段大意,争取用1--2个词或者短语概括其意,并把意义相近的段合并成为一个整体。

3、以段为单位,对文章进行更加深入的分析,也就是对单词,词组的背诵以及对长句的精确翻译,整文的朗读和背诵。

4、佳句摘录,模仿写作。

5、换位思考,分析出题人为什么选这样的文章,难度在哪里,论述的结构是什么。并对每一个选项都精确分析,找出正确答案在文中的出处。

八、考研阅读三步走

一、通读全文,把握中心

二、仔细审题,返回原文

三、比较选项,得出结论

资料来源:育明考研考博官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/e51324377.html,

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考研英语--2000-阅读及翻译

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

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最新版《考研真相》2002年考研英语真题及翻译

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考研英语:2002翻译真题精练精讲

考研英语:2002翻译真题精练精讲

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期: ?

考研英语:2002翻译真题精练精讲 一、全真试题 Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and the y cannotbe solved by physical and biological technologyal one. What is needed is a technology of behavior,but we have beenslow todevelop thescience from whichsuch a technology might be drawn.61)One difficulty is that almost allof what isc alled behavioral science continues to trace behaviorto state sof mind,feelings,traitsof character,human nature,and so on.Physics andbiology once followed similarpractices anda dvanced only when they discardedthem.62)The behavioral sciences havebeen slow to change partly because the explanatory it emsoften seem to bedirectly observed and partlybecause ot her kinds ofexplanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important,butits role has remained obscure. It does n ot push or pull,it selects,andthisfunction is difficultto discover and analyze.63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and t he selective role ofthe environment in shaping and maintaining thebehaviorof the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned to sta tesof mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to acc essible conditions,and a technology of behavior may therefore becom e available. It will not solve our problems,however,until it replaces traditional prescientific views,and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom anddignity illustrate thedifficulty.64)T hey are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man o f traditional theory,and they are essential topracticesin whi ch a person is held responsible for his conductand given credit fo r his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both theresponsibility andthe achievement to the environment.It alsoraises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technolo gy and to what ends?65)Until these issues are resolved,a technologyof behavior will continue to berejected,and with itpossibly the only way to solve our problems. 二、翻译题解

2002年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲范文

2002年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲 万学海文 一、全真试题 Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior,but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull,it selects,and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned to states of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions,and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems,however,until it replaces traditional prescientific views,and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 二、翻译题解 (61)One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatiscalled behavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 句子拆分: 拆分点参考:从属连词,谓语动词 One difficulty is //that almost all of what is called behavioral science // continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 解析: (1)主干结构是One difficulty is that... (2)almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分,后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。 词的处理: continues to trace behavior to ...继续针对……研究行为 behavioral science行为科学 states of mind心态,意识状态 feelings感情

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2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译 S e c t i o n I I U s e o fE n g l i s h 人们曾对20世纪电视的发展和15二16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较三然而, 在这两个时段之间发生了很多事情三正如前面所讲的,直到19世纪, 报纸才继宣传册和书之后,与期刊一起,成为电子时代到来前主要的传播手段三正是在这段时间,通信革命也加快了步伐,从铁路运输开始,发展到电报二电话二飞机和电影,直到20世纪的汽车和飞机三并不是每一个人都能正确地看待(通信革命的发展)这一进程,而做到这一点是非常重要的三 然而,人们普遍认为20世纪初期计算机的出现,及随后60年代集成电路的发明,极大地改变了这一进程,尽管它对媒体的影响并没有立即见效三随着时间的推移,计算机变得越来越小,功能却更加强大三而且随着显示效果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大,电脑已不只是团体机构的用具,也成了个人的用具,像人一样,电脑也按 代 来划分,而且代与代之间的间隔越来越小三 正是在计算机时代, 信息社会 这个词语开始被广泛地用于描述我们生活的环境三通信革 命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式,同时也改变了我们对时间和空间的思考和感知方式三 但对这一革命在经济二政治二社会和文化上的影响,人们还有争议三人们把它带来的益处和产生的弊端进行了权衡,但很难得出一个概括性的结论三 S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n P a r tA T e x t 1 如果你想在谈话中用幽默语言使人发笑,你必须知道如何识别你与其他人共同的经历和共同的问题三你的幽默必须与听众有关,应该向他们显示你是他们中的一员,你了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点三根据你谈话的对象的不同,问题也有所不同三如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以提及他们秘书的工作缺乏条理;相反,如果你在同一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们老板的工作方法紊乱三 例如,我曾在一次护士集会上听到一个笑话,这个笑话很有效,因为所有听的人对医生的看法都很一致三一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着四处参观三他看到了豪华的住宅二美丽的花园二明媚的天气等等三所有人都很平和二礼貌和友善,然而在排队等候午餐时,这位新来的人突然被一位穿白外套的人推到一旁三只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓过他的食物,咚咚地旁若无人地走到 一张餐桌旁三 这是谁啊? 新来的人问圣彼得三 哦,那是上帝, 他回答说, 但有时他认为自己 是一名医生三 如果你是你谈话对象中的一分子,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅中百度官方认证店铺:考研资料 分享考研资料,助力考研成功!

2012年考研英语阅读全文翻译

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2002年考研英语翻译真题解析

2002年 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 句子分析: 第一、句子可以拆分为两段:One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 第二、句子的结构是: 1)主干结构是表语从句One difficulty is that... 2)almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分,后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。第三、词的处理:continues to trace behavior to继续针对……研究行为behavioral science 行为科学 states of mind 心态,意识状态 feelings 感情 traits of character 性格特点 完整的译文: 61)难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 句子分析: 第一、句子可以拆分为三段:The behavioral sciences have been slow to change/partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and/partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 第二、句子的主干结构是:主句+两个并列关系的原因状语从句之所以……,部分是因为……,部分是因为…… 第三、词的处理: the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容,项目) other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式 完整的译文: 62)行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 句子分析: 第一、句子可以拆分为四段:The role of natural selection in evolution/was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, /and the selective role of the environment in shaping andaintaining the behavior of the individual/is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 第二、句子的主干结构是两个表示时间对比的并列句The role of...was formulated only...,

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(二)

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(二) 1997年 100. scoial contract 社会合同 101. an agreed account of 共识 102. human rights 人权 103. leads ……to 导致 104. at the outset 从一开始;开始的时候 105. invite sb. to do sth. 使某人认为 106. duties and entitlements 权利和义务 107. extend to 给与 108. no…at all. 根本不是 109. arguing from the view that…以…的角度看 110. different from……与…不同 111. in every relevant respect 在所有相关的方面 112. in action 起作用 113. laugh at 嘲笑 1998年 114. even more important 更重要的是 115. be able to 能够 116. look into 洞察;观察 117. put forward 放出;拿出;提出 118. work with 与…共事/合作;起作用 119. close in on 接近,差不多 120. as expected 正如预期的 121. a refinement of 一种更为完美的 1999年 122. as…as…和…一样

123. conform to 符合;遵照 124. see…as 把…看作 125. less…and more 与其说…不如说… 126. intellectual discipline 知识学科 127. whether…or 是…还是… 128. refer to 指代… 129. peculiar to …特有的 130. appropriate to 适合的;恰当的 131. apply to 适合于;存在于 132. view…as 把…看成;把…当成 133. equate…with 把…等同于…;认为…是 2000年 134. speclialized scientists 专家 135. centralized control 中央控制 136. under…conditions在…条件下 137. such as 比如 138. it is obvious that 很明显… 139. be bound up with与…联系在一起;与…有关系140. be directly bound up with 与…直接相关141. in turn 依此;轮流;又 142. rest upon…取决于 143. of all kinds 所有种类的… 144. owing to 由于 145. be exposed to sth. 暴露于;接触到 146. be forced to do sth. 被迫做… 147. for the reasons given above 由于上述原因148. far-reaching 意义深远的;影响很大的 149. spread over 遍布;覆盖 150. arise from 由…产生的;由…带来的 151. migration movement 人口流动

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