2013年12月四级阅读理解新题型匹配题001 (附答案详解)
2013年12月四级阅读理解新题型匹配题001（附答案&详解）001How to Make Peace with Your Workload
[A] Swamped (忙碌的),under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we"ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.
[B] Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you?ll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.” Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “ Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can"t locate a document or report easily because it?s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”
[C] Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight item s that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you?re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.
[D] Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it?s counterproductive. Unless you?re drinking coffee wh ile scanning your morning e-mails, you?re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next on e,” he says.
[E ] Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she?s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a t ime limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says. “As a
consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don?t end up with a pile of tasks to accompli sh even though I felt busy all day.”
[F ] Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they?re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the ma nager?s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green?s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren?t just complaining about their workload.
[G ] Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions a re keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says …You?ve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you.” Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth?s point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says.
[H] Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of today?s work environment is that the more you do, the more that?s expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致)with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?
[I] Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.
46. “The more you do, the more you are expected to do” has been a paradox in today?s work environment.
47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.
48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and housework.
49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.
50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and important files at hand.
51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.
52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the e-mail notice are suggested in combating interruptions.
53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.
54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.
55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.
答案&详解
46. [H]。题干意为，“你做的工作越多，期望你完成的工作就越多”已经成为当今工作环境中的一种悖论。注意抓住题干中的关键词the more...the more...、paradox和work environment。文章段落中，论及悖论和工作环境的内容在[H]段出现，该段第二句提到，目前的工作环境中存在着一个悖论，那就是你做的工作越多，期望你完成的工作就越多。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。
47. [F]。题干意为，只要员工抱有积极进取的态度而不是只抱怨他们的工作量，经理们将乐于帮助员工决定首先应该做什么。注意抓住题干中的关键词employees和managers、complain about their workload。文章段落中，论及抱怨工作量以及员工和经理之间关系的内容在[F]段出现，该段末句提到，只要员工有积极进取的态度而不只是抱怨工作量，经理们应该乐于帮助员工梳理工作的优先次序。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[F]。题干中的as long as和原文中的so long as对应，题干中的decide what to do first和原文中的sort out priorities 对应。
48. [E]。题干意为，作为一个单亲妈妈，德博拉?查多克-布朗发现很难在生意和家务之间找到平衡点。注意抓住题干中的关键词single parent和Deborah Chaddock-Brown。文章段落中，论及单亲妈妈和提到人名Deborah Chaddock-Brown的内容在[E]段出现，该段第二句提到，德博拉?查多克-布朗是一位在家工作的单亲母亲，她说自己经常对既要做家务又要经营自己的事业感到不堪重负。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[E]。题干中的make a balance和原文中的maintaining order对应。
49. [A]。题干意为，有很多有用的方法可以使人们避免产生不堪重负的感觉。注意抓住题干中的关键词prevent…feeling overwhelmed。文章段落中，论及避免产生不堪重负的感觉的内容在[A]段出现，该段第二句提到，我们可以采用很多
方法来管理所有待办事项，以避免产生不堪重负的感觉。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[A]。
50. [B]。题干意为，杂乱的工作区在某种程度上会影响工作效率，所以你应该保持你的办公区域整洁并且重要文件就在手这。注意抓住题干中的关键词messy work areas、nonproductive和you are supposed to。文章段落中，论及杂乱的工作区影响工作效率以及保持办公区域整洁的内容在[B]段出现，该段第五句提到，杂乱
的工作区在某种程度上会影响工作效率。该段末句提到，因此，你应该花些时间来整理一下自己的办公区域，把重要的文件、手册和报告都放在随手可取的位置，这样可以在最大程度上提高你的工作效率。由此可知，题干是对原文部分内容的归纳总结，故答案为[B ]。题干中的to some extent和原文中的in some measure对应，题干中的at hand和原文中的in an accessible location对应。
51. [I]。题干意为，若想了解更多关于如何最大限度地提高效率的内容，推荐阅读《高效能人士的七个习惯》。注意抓住题干中的关键词(书名)。文章段落中，只有[I]段提到了《高效能人士的七个习惯》一书，该段提到，大多数专家都会推荐很多关于如何最大限度地提高效率的书，其中有一本书一再被提及：《高效能人士的七个习惯》。由此可知，题干是对该段内容的归纳总结，故答案为[I]。
52. [G]。题干意为，在《组织力傻瓜书》一书中，建议使用语音信箱来减少电话打扰和关掉邮件提示的方法来对抗干扰。注意抓住题干中的关键词(书名)。文章段落中，论及《组织力傻瓜书》一书的内容在[G]段出现，该段第二句提到，罗思提出了以下建议来对抗干扰：“使用语音信箱来减少电话打扰，关掉…您有一封新邮件?的语音提示，以及安排出固定时间来见有事找你的员工。”由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。
53. [D]。题干意为，根据鲁迪所说，停止同时处理多项任务的最佳方法是创建一个优先级工作列表，且每项工作都规定好最后期限。注意抓住题干中的关键词Rudy、multitasking和deadlines。文章段落中，提到人名Rudy、论及多项任务以及最后期限的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，鲁迪建议停止同时进行多项任务的最佳方法就是创建一个优先级工作列表，且每项工作都规定好最后期限。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。
54. [C]。题干意为，将注意力集中在单个事情上，这会让你觉得你的任务似乎更容易执行。注意抓住题干中的关键词single matter和your tasks appear。文章段落中，论及单个事情的内容在[C]段出现，该段最后一句提到，将注意力集中在一项任务上，会让你觉得清单上的任务似乎更可执行。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。题干中的focusing和原文中的concentrating对应，题干中的more possible to be done和原文中的more doable对应。
55. [B]。题干意为，事实上，人们保留的大部分东西都是可替代的，所以，将可以处理掉的东西处理掉。注意抓住题干中的关键词retain和dispose。文章段落中，论及保留和处理东西的内容在[B]段出现，该段第三句提到，当有些东西能被处理时，就处理掉，毕竟实际上大多数你所保留的东西都是可替代的。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。题干中的substitutable和原文中的replaceable对应。
2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题(附原文及答案解析)
2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题 PartⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten. B) The man will soon start a business of his own. C) The man would like to be a high school teacher. D) The woman is going to major in child education. 2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged. B) The sound equipment has to be set up. C) The conference room has to be cleaned. D) The video machine has to be checked. 3. A) She is exhausted. B) She is near-sighted. C) She cannot finish work in time. D) She cannot go straight home. 4. A) The woman is too particular about food. B) He would rather have a meal an hour later. C) The woman should order her food quickly. D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches. 5. A) He is not a good mechanic. B) He doesn't keep his promises. C) He spends his spare time doing repairs. D) He is always ready to offer help to others. 6. A) Sam has a big family to support. B) Sam is not interested in traveling. C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low. D) The work hours in the travel agency arc too long 7. A) International trade.
最新大学英语四级匹配题+详解
长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper —More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way. J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end. Paper from Rag K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives. L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案第一套
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案第一套 Part I Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ‘Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Section A 1. They admire the courage of space explorers. They enjoyed the movie on space exploration. They were going to watch a wonderful movie. They like doing scientific exploration very much. 2. At a gift shop. At a graduation ceremony. In the office of a travel agency. In a school library. 3. He used to work in the art gallery. He does not have a good memory. He declined a job offer form the art gallery. He is not interested in any part-time jobs. 4. Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow. He will go to the birthday party after the lecture. The woman should have informed him earlier.
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第三套)
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套） Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listenin g Compre hension （30 minutes ） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B）He has difficulty understanding the book. C）He cannot get access to the assigned book. D）He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. 2. A）She will drive the man to the supermarket. B）The man should buy a car of his own. C）The man needn’t go shopping every week. D）She can pick the man up at the grocery store. 3. A）Get more food and drinks. C）Tidy up the place. B）Ask his friend to come over. D）Hold a party. 4. A）The talks can be held any day except this Friday. B）He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. C）The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. D）The woman should contact John Smith first. 5. A）He understands the woman’s feelings. B）He has gone through a similar experience. C）The woman should have gone on the field trip.
2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析
2013年12月份全国大学英语四级考试
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一 种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹 饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至 关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越 重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一 部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的， 中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而 中国人则会选茶， 相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶， 并用来治病， 在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今， 茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组 成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
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大学英语四级匹配题详解
大学英语四级匹配题详 解 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper — More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or , with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine of fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called . This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to their . Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1
2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1 Writing For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to makes something happen" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being creative rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words, no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers. B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.
2013年12月大学英语四级阅读理解冲刺试卷（二）
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology. “If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.” A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B) the appropriate amount of external rewards C) the study of relationship between actions and D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance 2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students? A) They approve of external rewards. B) They don't think external rewards. C) They have doubts about external rewards. D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students. 3. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity? A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them. B) Always promise rewards. C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging. D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____. A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’ B) punishment is more effective than rewarding C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency 5．Which of the following facts about “token economics”is not correct? A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.