副词

副词
副词

副词[fù cí]

本词条介绍的是副词(英语副词),更多含义,请参阅“副词(多义词)”。

副词(adverb,简写为adv)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。

目录

1简介

2分类

3用法

4位置

5比较等级

6基本用法

6.1 原级比较的用法

6.2 比较级

6.3 最高级

7例题解析

8特殊表达法

9兼有两种形式

1简介

副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。

副词fù cí

[adverb] 起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。

2分类

1) 时间和频率副词:

now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, late, next,lastday,already(已经),generally(一般地),frequently(频繁),

seldom(很少地),ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately(立即), finally,shortly(很快), before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once,twice

2) 地点副词:

here, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward(向前地), home, upstairs(楼上地), downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.

3) 方式副词:

carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly,badly,hard,bravely

4) 程度副词:

much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.

5) 疑问副词:

how, when, where, why.

6) 关系副词:

when, where, why.等。

7) 连接副词:

therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。

3用法

副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。

He works hard. (作状语)

他工作努力。

You speak English very well. (作状语)

你英语讲地相当好。

Is she at home? (作表语)

她在家吗?

Let's be out. (作表语)

让我们出去吧。

Food here is hard to get. (here作定语,hard作状语)

这儿很难弄到食物。

Let him out!(作补语)

让他出去!

.修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后

a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.

4位置

1) be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾语之后。

I am also Bush.

我也是布什。

I can also do that.

我也可以这样做。

I also want to play that games.

我也想玩这游戏。

I get up early in the morning every day.

每一天的早晨我都起床的很早。

She didn't drink water enough.

她没有喝足够的水。

We can go to this school freely.

我们可以免费到这家学校学习。

They left a life hardly then.

当时他们的生活很艰难。

I have seen this film twice with my friends.

这部电影我和朋友看过两次。

2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,一般放在被修饰词之前,但enough除外。It's rather easy, I can do it.

这很容易,我能做到。

He did it quite well.

他做得相当好。

It's rather difficult to tell who is right.

很难说谁是对的。

He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.

他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。

3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。

I often help him these days.

这些日子我经常帮助他。

I always remember the day when I first came to this school.

我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。

You mustn't always help me.

你不能老是帮助我。

We usually go shopping once a week.

我们通常一周买一次东西。

The new students don't always go to dance.

新学生并不时常去跳舞。

4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。

When do you study everyday?

你每天什么时间学习?

Can you tell me how you did it?

你能告诉我你如何做的吗?

First, let me ask you some questions.

先让我来问几个问题。

How much does this bike cost?

这辆车子多少钱?

The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.

当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。

5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.

昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.

What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?

昨天下午你在教室里干什么?

The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.

这场事故在一小时前发生在十一号大街。

6)否定副词在句首,句子要部分倒装,如:

Never have I felt so excited!

我从来没有觉得这么激动!

5比较等级

副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词(除 early )须用 more 和 most 。

hard harder hardest

fast faster fastest

early earlier earliest

much more most

warmly more warmly most warmly

单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的,最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。

near nearer nearest

hard harder hardest

多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。

warmly more warmly most warmly

successfully more successfully most successfully

有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。

well-better - best little - less(er) - least

much- more - most badly - worse - worst

far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)

副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。

He works harder than me.

他比我工作努力。

Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.

露西比丽丽起床早。

He runs fastest in our class.

他在我们班跑地最快。

He dives deeper than his teammates.

他比他的队员潜水深。

It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.

他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。

Our school team play football best in our region.

我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。

6基本用法

原级比较的用法

1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰

1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .

〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes

〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes

〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes

〔D〕 fifteen?minute walking

2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕the chimpanzee(黑猩猩),shows more persistence 〔C〕and memory retention(记忆力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.

3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.

2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as

4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.

〔A〕 such

〔B〕 more

〔C〕 as

〔D〕 than

5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题)

〔A〕 that

〔B〕 so

〔C〕 this

〔D〕 as

3. 表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as 形容\副词as...” eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。

2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍

比较级

1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、?ING结构和?ED结构,有时也可省去than。

6) Natural mica(云母) of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.

7) She is older than .

〔A〕 any other girl in the group

〔B〕 any girl in the group

〔C〕 all girls in the group

〔D〕 you and me as well as the group

8) Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕, remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.

2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致

9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .

〔A〕 ours

〔B〕 with us

〔C〕 for ours it had

〔D〕 it did for us

10) Sound travels air.

〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and

〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through

11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout,one of Rembrand’s pupils, followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕 .

最高级

1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语(地点)或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)或“定冠词+形容词最高级+of+人群”

12) The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.

13) Of all economic 〔A〕 problems, inflation continues to be 〔B〕

a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.

14) ,the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.

〔A〕 All the activities

〔B〕 The activities

〔C〕 Of all the activities

〔D〕 It is the activities

2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级可以不用定冠词the

7例题解析

1) B为正确答案。

2) B错。改为 as ,和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较。

3) B错。改为as large。

4) C对。动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献),由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect,故空白处也应用as,使前后对比成分一致。

5) B为正确答案。

6) C错。应改为比较级cheaper。比较级后并不一定跟接连词than,有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰),介词短语,不定式或其他成分隔开。

7) A为正确答案。“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对),也不能跟

全组所有相比,因为“她”也是其中一员,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”,所以A对。

8) B错。应改为比较级later,因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年,故应使用比较级。

9) D为正确答案。

10) A为正确答案。

11) D错。改为his master’s。

12) A错。改为most。

13) C错。改为the, significant是多音节形容词,在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all… ”。

14) C为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语,A和B全为名词短语,不符合条件;D为句子,和空白后面的句子没有任何联系,故亦应排除。只有C正确,和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应。

8特殊表达法

一、形容词与副词的同级比较:由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子

1. as such:表示上文所指明的事或人

He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。

2. as much:表示“与…同量”

Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。

I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍,我也会愿意把它买下的。

He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。

3. as many:表示“与…一样多”

I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。

二、表示“几倍于”的比较级:用twice (两倍),four times (四倍),ten times (十倍)加上as … as 结构

This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。

1) The five?year deal obligates 〔A〕 the country to buy nine million tons 〔B〕 of grain a year 〔C〕, three million more as 〔D〕 the old pact’s minimum.

三、“the same +名词+as”表示同等比较

2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.

〔A〕 in the same function 〔B〕 the same function as

〔C〕 the function is the same as 〔D〕 and has the same function

3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would

have as the amount of money borrowed.

〔A〕 as the same value 〔B〕 the same value

〔C〕 value as the same 〔D〕 the value is the same

四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步

4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.

〔A〕 more sophisticated than

〔B〕 much more sophisticated

〔C〕 much sophisticated

〔D〕 sophisticated

5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.

〔A〕 clearest

〔B〕 the clearest

〔C〕 much clearer

〔D〕 more clearer

6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered 〔A〕 migratory,although 〔B〕 some do move 〔C〕 to more warmer 〔D〕 waters in winter.

9兼有两种形式

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2) late 与lately

late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3) deep与deeply

deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high与highly

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6) free与freely

free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

副词有加a或ly的区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态,而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。英语中,有些副词具有两种形式:一是与形容词同形;二是由该形容词后加-ly构成(以下称形容词形副词和-ly形副词)。这两种形式的副词有些含义相同或在某些情况下含义相同,有些则完全不同;有的含义相同但用法又有所不同,有的含义不同但用法又相同。如何正确运用这些副词,是同学们在平时学习中经常遇到的令人困惑的问题,因为这涉及到语体、语义和语用等方面的问题。下面,本文就这些问题作些具体的分析和介绍。

10区别

总体

1.形容词形副词倾向于表静态意义,突出"感觉,状态、结果";-ly形副词倾向于表动态意义,强调"方式、方法"。由于表达的语体,语义侧重点和感情色彩不同,这两种副词有时可以互换使用,所以其内含的静动态意义也会随之变化。

2.形容词形副词不能被一个程度状语所修饰,而-ly形副词则可以。

3.形容词形副词多用在非正式语体中,而-ly形副词多用在正式语体中。

4.形容词形副词一般表示较具体的概念,而-ly形副词则表示抽象或引申意义,有时还带有一定的感情色彩。

5.在表示比较级和最高级时通常用形容词形副词来取代-ly形副词。

6.在过去分词、作主语用的动名词和强调句中被强调的成分前通常只用-ly 形副词而不用形容词形副词。

具体

1.cheap和cheaply

两者意思相同。但在实际运用中,一般只用cheap而不用cheaply,尤其是在口语中与动词buy和sell等连用时,只用cheap。例如:

He sold the house very cheap.他很便宜地把房子卖掉了。

2.clean和cleanly

clean作副词用时,表示"完全、彻底地"的意思时,常与动词forget,介词over和 through,副词away和out连用,其他的动词、介词和副词常与cleanly 搭配使用。例如:

I am sorry,I clean forgot it.对不起,我把这事全忘了。

The knife doesn’t cut cleanly.这刀切起来不利索。

3.clear和clearly

两者表示"清楚地"的意思时,除上述六种情况外,一般情况下可以互用。例如:

We clear /clearly need to think over the plan again.我们显然需要对这个计划再三考虑。

然而,当clear表示"完全,彻底"的意思时,可与clean互换使用。例如:

He found the cat got clear /clean away

when he came back.当他回来时,他发现那只猫逃得无影无踪。

此外,当clear表示"隔开,不接触"的意思时,一般不能与clearly或clean 互换使用。例如:

Stand clear of the gate!别站在大门口!

You should keep clear of that fellow.你不要与那家伙来往。

4.close和closely

两者意思有时相同。close作副词用时表示"接近,紧密"的意思,但在过去分词前要用 closely。一般情况下closely用来表示"仔细地、细心地"的意思。例如:

Come close,I want to tell you something.靠近点,我有点事要告诉你。

She is closely related to the old woman.她是那位老太太的近亲。

5.dead和deadly

dead作副词时多用在某些词组里,表示"的确,完全"的意思;deadly一般作形容词用,意为"致命的"。用副词表达这个意思时要用fatally。只有修饰形容词时deadly才作副词表示"死一样地"的意思。例如:

The man lay on the ground,dead drunk.那个人躺在地上,喝得烂醉。

On hearing the terrible news,his face went deadly pale.一听到那

可怕的消息,他的脸色变得像死人一样苍白。

6.deep和deeply

两者的意思基本相同,但deep多用于谚语、习语和静态的描述中;deeply 的意思比较抽象,多用来修饰表示颜色的形容词或分词。例如:Still water runs deep.静水渊深。(大智若愚。)

They felt deeply grateful to the teacher.他们对那位老师感激万分。

7.direct和directly

direct作副词时,往往用于表示时间、路程和方式等概念上;directly多用于借喻,有时还可用来表示"立即、马上"的意思。例如:

The plane goes direct from London to Houston without stopping.飞机由伦敦直飞休斯敦,中途不停。

I must go home directly.我必须马上回家去。

8.easy和easily

easy作副词时多用于一些习语中,表示"从容不迫,慢慢地,容易地"的意思;easily多用来表示人和物的能力、力量等,意为"容易地,不费劲地"。例如:

Don’t be so nervous,take it easy.别紧张,放松点。

I found it easily.我很容易地找到了它。

9.fair和fairly

fair 作副词时多用于一些习语中,本意为"公正地,公平地,光明正大地",其引申意则变化较大。常见的与fair搭配的习语有play fair(光明正大地比赛),fight fair(按规矩格斗),deal fair with sb.(公平待人),fall fair (直挺挺地倒下),hit fair (不偏不倚正击中), speak sb.fair(对某人花言巧语)等。

除了一些习语外,表示"公正地"多用 fairly。此外,fairly还可用作程度状语,其意思和quite或rather相近。例如:

He was fairly beside himself with joy.他欣喜若狂。

It may be fairly asserted that he is a liar.完全可以推断出他是一个骗子。

10.firm和firm ly

firm和firmly的意思基本相同,都表示"坚定,稳定,牢固"的意思。根据用法习惯, firm只与hold和stand搭配,其它情况都用 firmly。例如:

The girl held firmly to her mother’s hand when the stranger came to them.当那陌生人朝她们走过来时,那个小女孩紧紧抓住她母亲的手。Stand firm,don’t move!站稳,别动!

11.high和highly

一般来说,high作副词时多用来表示具体物体的高矮,highly多用于表示抽象意义上的高低,但high也可表抽象意义。然而,在分词前一般只用high,而不用highly。例如:

A bird is flying high in the sky.一只鸟正高飞在天空。

He spoke highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。

12.light和lightly

light作副词的意思是"轻轻地、轻装地"和"(睡得)不熟"等,而lightly 则表示"轻微地,轻率地"的意思。有时light和lightly可以互换。例如:

I like travelling light.我喜欢轻装旅行。

He wears his seventy years lightly.他简直看不出有七十多岁。

另外,light还经常与其它的词搭配使用,一起构成短语,如make light of,set light by(轻视),sit light on(对……来说负担不重)等。

13.loud和loudly

在动词的后面以及在口语中一般用 loud,而不用loudly。与loud连用的动词多是一些表示动作的动词。这些动词有talk, speak,shout,laugh,cry 等。例如:

英语单词各种词性一览表

英语单词 各种词性 一览表 词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度”purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

潮流英语

People don’t always need advice. Sometimes all they need is a hand to hold, an ear to listen, and a heart to understand. 人们并不总是需要建议。有时候,人们只是需要有人来 执手支持,有人来侧耳倾听,有人来读懂心声 Me? Weird? Please, I'm limited edition. 我?很怪异?拜托,我可是限量版 Never expect, never assume, and never demand. Just let it be, because if it's meant to be, it will happen the way you want it to... 永不期待,永不假设,永不强求。顺其自然,若是注定 发生,必会如你所愿 How much you put into a relationship determines how much it will hurt when it ends. 一段 感情里,你付出了多少,在结束的时候,就决定了你有多伤 Sometimes she'll wait and see if you will text her first just to see if you really care. 有时, 女生会等着,看你会不会先给她发短信,来判断你是否真的在乎 You can love someone easily. But it's not easy to love someone unconditionally. 爱上一个人 很容易,但无条件的爱则很难 I don’t ever need anyone to promise me that they will never hurt me because sooner or later... it will happen. 不需要任何人承诺说,不会伤我。因为迟早,这都会发生 The best gift you can give to someone is your time, because you're giving them something you can never get back. 你能给别人的最好礼物就是你的时间,因为你给了他们你再也得不到 的东西 There are many words that I want to say to you, but I don’t know how…有很多话我想跟你 说,却不知从何说起 Take a risk. If the outcome isn’t what you expected, at least you can say you tried. 冒险一 试。就算结果不是你所期望的,至少你可以说你已经试过了 What makes you different makes you beautiful. 你的与众不同让你美丽动人。 It’s the rule of life that everything that you have always wanted comes at the very second you stop looking for it. 你一直渴望得到的东西,却在你即将放弃的那一刻不期而至,这就是生 活的法则 Don’t expect someone to stay sweet forever because even the sweetest candy has an expiration date. 不要期待有人会一直甜美可爱,因为就算是最甜的糖果也有保质期 A real woman avoids drama, because she knows her time is precious and she's not wasting it on unimportant things. 一个真正的女人会避免小题大做,因为她知道时间宝贵,不会任之浪 费在无谓的事情上 When you’re up, your friends know who you really are. When you’re down, you know who your friends are. 当你春风得意之时,你的朋友都知道你是谁;当你落魄潦倒之时,你就知道 谁是你的朋友了 Don’t need a perfect boyfriend; I just want someone who won’t give up on me. 不需要完美 的男朋友,我只想要一个不会放弃我的人 Love turns the smart to foolish, the evil to kind, and the weak to strong. 爱,让智者变愚钝, 让恶人变善良,让懦夫变坚强

常见介词副词重要用法表

附录三:常见介词/副词重要用法表 本表列举了在自考英语中较为常见的介词/副词就其基本语义而言的比较重要的用法。一般来说,自考词汇题中对介词/副词基本语义的用法进行辨析时,主要考查一些常用介词/副词相对特殊一点的语义。本表仅就这些语义进行说明,对于在中学阶段就应已很好掌握的介词/副词基本语义和用法此处略去。同时,本表中所列举的某些常见介词/副词重要用法涉及到这些单词的基本语义,对这些知识的掌握对于记忆某些短语具有重要的参考意义。 after:基本意义是“在…之后”,进而衍生有“追求、追寻…”的含义,如:There were always lots of men after her because she was pretty and clever. 总有许多男人追求她,因为她既漂亮又聪明。 against:基本意义是“逆向施加力量”,进而衍生有①“反对、反抗”(如:He fought against the disease for a long time. 他同疾病做了长时间的斗争)②“对…不利”(如:The present economic climate works against the smaller companies. 当前的经济气候对小公司不利)③“倚靠”(如:He leant against the wall. 他斜倚靠在墙上)④“以…为背景”(如:The mountain looks magnificent against the sky. 在蓝天的衬托下, 这座山显得雄伟壮丽)等含义。 around:基本意义是“围绕、环绕、绕过”,进而衍生有做副词①“在周围、附近”(如:I can’t see anyone around. 我看见附近一个人也没有)②“四周、到处”(如:I hear laughter all around. 我听到四周的笑声)③“大约”(如:I’ll be back at around 5 o’clock. 五点左右我就回来)等含义。 at:表示“对着…方向、对象、目标”的含义,如:We were frightened at the terrible sight. 看到这可怕的景象, 我们被吓呆了。In saying this, I’m not aiming at you. 我这话不是针对你说的。 behind:基本意义是“在…的后面”,进而衍生有①“晚于…、落后于…”(如:behind schedule 滞后于计划)②“做…的后盾(支持)”(如:Don’t worry. We are behind you. 别担心,我们在你身后支持你)等含义。 below:基本意义是“在物理空间位置上位于下方”,进而衍生有抽象的“低于…”的含义,如:below zero零度以下。 beyond:基本意义是“在…那一边”,进而衍生有“超出…的范围”的含义,如:beyond control 超出控制、beyond repair(坏得)不能修了、beyond the reach够不到、beyond my capacity超出能力、beyond one’s understanding超出理解能力等。Doubt question for:表示①“向…的方向”(如:He left Nanjing for Shanghai. 他离开南京去上海)②“支持、赞同…”,意义与against相对(如:Are you for the plan or against it? 你支持这计划还是反对它呢?)③“由于、因为…”(如:We could hardly see for the fog. 由于起雾我们几乎什么都看不见)等含义。 from:基本意义是“来自、自从…”,进而衍生有①“来自于…材料”(如:Hard as it is, this case

各种词性一览表

各种词性一览表 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronic s, linguistics

潮流英语026

世界真的很小,好像一转身,就不知道会遇见谁…世界真的很大,好像一转身,就不知道谁会消失…The world is really small, when you turn around, you don’t know who you’re gonna encounter with…The world is really big, when you turn around, you don’t know who’s already gone. Don’t look back——you’re not going that way! 别回头——那不是你要走的方向! Your presence is a present to the world. 你的存在是献给世界的一份礼物。 Every story has an ending.but in life, every end is a new beginning.每段故事都有一个结局。但是在人的一生中,每一个终点同时也是一个新的起点。 I love you not because of who you are,but because of who I am when I am with you.我爱你,不是因为你是一个什么样的人,而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。 You’re unique and one of a kind. 你是唯一的,无可替代。 Whenever you say “I love you”, please say it honestly. 无论何时说“我爱你”,请真心实意。 In fact, just intoxicate wine does not drink it remembered that unbearable past.其实酒不醉人,只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 For in all adversity of fortune the worst sort of misery is to have been happy. 在所有不幸中,最不幸的事是曾经幸福过。 It takes a minute to have a crush on someone, an hour to like someone and a day to love someone ,but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.一分钟心动,一小时喜欢,一天爱上。忘记他,却是一辈子。

现代汉语连词意义及用法总结

连词 连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子,表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步、递进、条件、目的等关系。一般说来,连词有很多是由副词、介词发展而来的;很多副词、介词又是由动词发展而来。所以动词、介词、连词需要区别。 和 =跟、=与、=及、=同<方>。表示并列关系、联合关系。 车上装的是机器和材料。他的胳膊和大腿都受伤了。工人和农民都是国家的主人。工业与农业。批评与自我批评。我同你一起去。图书、仪器、标本及其他。(注意:用“及”连接的成分多在词义上有主次之分,主要成分放在“及”的前面) 以及 连接并列的词或词组(“以及”前面往往是主要的):院子里种着大丽花、矢车菊、夹竹桃以及其他的花木。 既=既然 既来之,则安之。既然他不愿意,那就算了吧。既然知道做错了,就应该赶紧纠正。你既然一定要去,我也不便阻拦。既要做,就一定要做好。既然这样,还不去做?用在上半句话里,下半句话里往往用副词就、也、还跟他呼应,表示先提出前提,而后加以推论。 既然。。。就。。。既然。。。也。。。既然。。。还。。。 继而=既而 先是惊叹,既而大家一起欢呼起来。人们先是一惊,继而哄堂大笑。先是一个人领唱,继而全体跟着一起唱。表示紧随在某一情况或动作之后。 而 1、连接动词、形容词、词组、分句。 (1)连接语意相承的成分。伟大而艰巨的任务。战而胜之,取而代之,我们正从事一个伟大的事业,而伟大的事业必须有最广泛的群众的参加和支持。 (2)连接肯定和否定相互补充的成分:此种花香浓而不烈,清而不淡。马克思主义叫我们看问题不要从抽象的定义出发,而要从客观存在的事实出发。有转折的意思。 (3)连接语意相反的成分,表转折:如果能集中生产而不集中,就会影响改进技术、提高生产。 (4)连接事理上前后相因的成分:因困难而畏惧而退却而消极的人,不会有任何成就。 2、有“到”的意思。一而再,再而三。由秋而冬。由南而北。 3、把表示时间、方式、目的、原因、依据等的成分连接到动词上面。匆匆而过、挺身而出、为正义而战、因公而死、视情况而定、三十而立。 而且 表示更进一步,前面往往有“不但、不仅”跟它呼应:性情温和而且心地善良。他不仅会开汽车,而且会修汽车。不但战胜了各种灾害,而且获得了丰收。 因而=因此 表示结果。下游河床狭窄,因而河水容易泛滥。 因为 常跟所以连用,表示因果关系。因为今天事情多,所以没去成。 何况 用反问的语气表示更进一层的意思。这么多事情一个人一天做完是困难的,何况他又是新手。他在生人面前都不习惯讲话,何况要到大庭广众之中呢?(even)

宾语从句

定语从句 先解释一下先行词啊,先行词就是定语从句里被定语从句修饰的那个词,可以是名词、代词,(代词就是一般的you, he, she, it, them, etc.),在定语从句中,先行词放在定语从句的前面,所以叫先行词。 定义 在句子中起定语作用、修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句被称为定语从句。 Example:?I have a cat which/that is dying .(我有一只快要死的猫) ?Is the man standing there your Dad?(站在那儿的男人是你爸爸么?) 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that, as 关系副词有:when (当……的时候), where, why (为什么),(这三个很重要,高中重点考察对象) 关系代词和关系副词就是连接先行词语定语从句的连接词,又叫引导词。由其名称可初步判断关系代词主要连接先行词为代词与其定语从句,但是which 和that 可以用来连接名词先行代词和其定语从句。关系副词when, where, why 用来连接表示时间、地点、原因的名词与其定语从句。 关系代词及关系副词在一定情况下可以省略,下面具体讲。 关系代词引导的定语从句 以who/whom/which/that 为主 1.引导词who ,先行词指人,在从句中作主语;who 省略时从句中动词改为-ing ;可以与that 互用 ?Do you know the people who/that live over the road ? (你认识住在马路对面的人吗?) 把从句还原:the people live over the road 省略who/that :Do you know the people living over the road ? ?The woman who stands under the tree is Lily ’s mother. (站在那棵树下的女人是 莉莉的妈妈) 先行词 定语从句 定语从句 先行词 从句 先行词 先行词 主语 从句 主语

形容词不规则变化列表

形容词不规则变化列表 不规则动词分类记(Irregular Verb Forms)

双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed的过去式。如:stop—stopped,trap-trapped drop-dropped plan-planned refer-referred prefer- preferred fit-fitted beg-begged nod-nodded permit-permitted admit-admitted shop-shopped

双写结尾的辅音字母,再加ing的现在分词如:sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting ridding hitting letting shutting setting swimming 双写结尾的辅音字母,再加er的比较级 sad red ~big~hot~wet~fat thin~ 红大热湿胖瘦以不发音的-e 结尾的动词,去-e ,再加-ing。coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving 人称代词,物主代词,反身代词一览表 简单句五种基本句型: 常见的以ant,ent 结尾的名词: merchant, agent, servant 常见的以ar结尾的名词scholar, liar, beggar 常见的以ee结尾的名词employee, examinee ,interviewee, trainee 常见的以er结尾的名词banker,teacher ,waiter,villager, Londoner, observer 常见的以ess结尾的名词actress, hostess, manageress 常见的以age结尾的名词courage, storage, marriage shortage 常见的以al结尾的名词refusal, arrival, survival, approval 常见的以ment结尾的名词treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 常见的以ness结尾的名词goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 常见的以ship结尾的名词hardship, membership, friendship 常见的以th结尾的名词depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

中考英语 副词知识点 副词的构成

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时尚潮流英文句子

时尚潮流英文句子 1、Fashion,isakindofaestheticview.Brotherisapunk,yousatisfied 时尚,就是一种审美观。哥就朋克,你不服吗? 2、Wheatcolorskintoahealthysenseofvitality,wearingNikeacomple tesetofpurewhitepinkedgesportswear,thetinycurlybrownhairti edinarelaxedandlivelybraids,alwaystheconfidenceofcuteexpres sions. 小麦色的皮肤给人一种健康活力的感觉,穿着耐克的一整套的纯白带粉色边运动服,微卷的褐色头发扎成一个轻松活泼的辫子,总是那自信可爱的表情。 3、Devilkillerbody,alargewavygoldenhairshine,slenderlegswearin gayellowgooseminiskirts,showfigureoftheperfect. 魔鬼般惹火的身材,一头大波浪形金黄卷发发出耀眼的光芒,修长的大腿穿着一条鹅黄色的超短迷你裙,显出身材的完美绝伦。 4、Whitecapsetheruplonghairandhalfofhisfaceisobscured,butfelts hemustbeverybeautiful,breathtakingbeauty!

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副词构成法

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潮流英语

?Never say you're not good enough, if that person can't see you for who you are, they are the ones who aren't good enough. 永远别说自己不够好,如果那个人无法看清真实的你,那他们也不怎么样。 ?Sometimes that mountain you've been climbing is just a grain of sand. What you've been out there searching for forever is in your hands. 有时候,你攀登的山峰也许只是一粒沙子。而你一直找寻的永远,不经意已经在你的手上。 ?People say, we'd rather have something than nothing at all. Truth is, to have something halfway is harder than having nothing at all. 人们总说,有总比没有好。事实是,不能彻底的拥有,比一无所有更难受。 ?I used to believe in forever, but forever is too good to be true. 我曾相信永远,但永远太美好,而不真实。 ?The hardest part of moving on is not looking back at the memories you once shared with someone. 分手之后继续前行中最艰难的部分就是不去回首那些你曾与某人共同享有的回忆。 ?Happiness depends upon ourselves. –Aristotle幸福,由我们自己掌控。 ?Never flaunt what you have - there's always someone who has more than you do. As soon as you start to become arrogant, losing everything could be right around the corner. 永远不要炫耀自己所拥有的,总有人比你富足。一旦你开始狂妄,离失去这一切就不远了。 ?No matter how much life sucks, if you have good friends, they can make you laugh. 无论生活多么操蛋,要是你有帮好朋友,他们也会逗你开心。 ?You don't have to be a size zero to be pretty. Beauty should be judged by the size of your heart. 身材纤细不一定美丽。美丽应该由你心胸气度决定。 ?You can't lose what you never had, you c an't keep what’s not yours and you can't hold on to something that does not want to stay. 从未拥有过,你就无法失去。本不属于你,你就无法拥有。本不想为你停留,你就无法坚持挽留。 ?I really love the people never will I go, no matter how much trouble.真心爱我的人永远不会我走,不管遇到多大的困境。 ?t’s a great and terrible life. Don’t take it too seriously because none of us get out alive. 生活既美好又糟糕。别太认真,因为没有人能活着离开这个世界。 ?Share a Smile, pass it along and brighten another person's day! 分享笑容,传递笑容,照亮他人的一天。

副词的构成

副词的构成 从形态上看,大多数副词都是由"形容词+后缀-ly"构成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。 形容词变副词: ①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly ②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。 如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily ③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 注意: friendly; motherly; lovely,weekly,lively等词是形容词而非副词。 ④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法: the high

跳高项目(形容词) to jump high 跳得高(副词) a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词) an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词) a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。(副词) 注意:兼有两种形式的副词①.late 与lately: late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"。例如:You have come too late. What

史上最潮流英文

Some songs can make you sad&cry when you hear them. But it’s actually not the song that makes you cry, it’s the people behind the memories. ------ 总有那么一些歌,让我们悲伤,让我们哭泣。但其实让我们哭泣的并不是那些歌本身,而是藏在回忆里的那些人。 The greatest hurt in the world is not the pain in love but the betray you give me when I devote my heart to you. ------ 世界上最心痛的感觉,不是失恋,而是我把心给你的时候,你却在欺骗我。 The game of love, you will lose once you take it seriously. 爱情这个游戏,你一认真就输了 Miss, the same word, both a miss, but also missed. I miss you most when I realized that I missed you. ------ Miss,同一个单词,既是想念,也是错过。在我最想念你的时候,我才发觉我错过了你。 It's very easy to hurt someone and then say "sorry",but it's really very difficult to get hurt ans say "I'm fine". ------伤害他人然后说“对不起”是一件很容易的事,然而,受伤害后说“我没事”却是一件很难的事。 The greatest hurt in the world is not the pain in love but the betray you give me when I devote my heart to you. ------ 世界上最心痛的感觉,不是失恋,而是我把心给你的时候,你却在欺骗我。 It just hurts, that’s all. Sometimes a little discomfort in the beginning can save a whole lot of pain down the road. ------ 只是感觉有点受伤,没什么。有时侯,起初的隐忍,可以避免一路的疼痛。 Not easily cut open to irrelevant, because others are hilarious, and the pain is yourself. ------ 不要轻易把伤口揭开给不相干的看,因为别人看的是热闹,而痛的却是自己。 The reason why people worry are four sentences:you don't let go,you can't bear,you don't see through and you can't forget.You can convince all of the people, but failed to convince yourself. 人的烦恼不过就4句话:放不下,想不开,看不透,忘不了。你可以说服所有人,却说服不了自己。 I learned to have the mask smile, even if I were unhappy. I'm tired of people who judge me without knowing my history. ------ 我学会了带着面具微笑,即使我并不开心。我讨厌那些不了解我,却对我指手画脚的人。 You are the reason why I became stronger.But still,you are my weakness. ------ 因为你,我懂得了成长,可你,依旧是我的伤。 A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.Delay is the deadliest form of denial.------遗憾是一生最初的苍老。拖延,其实就是最彻底的拒绝。

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