Double+reverse+flotation+process+of+collophanite+and+regulating+froth+action[1]
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Tram.NonferrousMet.Soc.China18(2008)449—453
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NonferrousMetals
SocietyofChina
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Doublereverseflotationprocessofcollophaniteandregulatingfrothaction
GEYing-yong(葛英勇),GANShun-peng(甘顺鹏),ZENGXiao-bo(曾d'波),YUYong—fu(余永富)SchoolofResourcesandEnvironmentalEngineering,WuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan430070,China
Received16July2007;accepted8November2007
Abstract:AnewdoublereverseflotationprocesswasusedtobeneficiatetheYichangregioncollophaniteofHubeiProvince,China.Itsfinalconcentrateyieldis67.37%。P20sgradeis32.17%,P205recoveryis87.80%,andthemainimpuritiesMgO,Fe203andAI,01are0.95%,1.04%,1.36%。respectively.ThedifficultproblemwassuccessfullysolvedthatplentifulfrothsaleboughtbythecationiccollectorreverseflotationincollophanitebeneficiationbyaddinginorganicfrothregulatorCAtothepulp.ThedefrothingmechanismwasstudiedthroughmensuratingsurfacetensionandZetapotentialofthepulpafteraddingCA.Itisfoundthatthecllangingofsurfacetension
andhoistingofZetapotentialmaybethemainreasonsthatfrothsbecomefriableandbreakup.
Keywords:collophaniteore;reverseflotation;defrothing
1Introduction
1.1Beneficiationmethodsofphosphateore
111ephosphatedepositsarequiteabundantinChina.whichmainlydistributeinYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,
Chongqing,HubeiandHunanetc.However,theirqualityisverypoor,becausetheaveragegradeofP205isonly
l6.75%.over75%phosphaterockismediumorlowgradecollophanite[1].andMgOcontentisbetween2%and6%.withexcessivesilicaandmagnesiumcontents.Thesephosphatesaredifficulttobeneficiate.
Flotationisoneofthemostimportantbeneficiation
methods.Today。morethanhalfoftheworld’smarketablephosphateisupgradedbytheflotationmethod[2].Theflotationmethodsofphosphateoreincludedirectflotation,reverseflotation,direct-reverseflotation,reverse.directflotationandsoon[3].Siliceousphosphateoresaregenerallybeneficiatedby
twostageflotationtechniquesusingamineandfattyacidsforsilicabasedgangueandphosphaterespectively【4】.1kbeneflciatingeffectofthiskindofdirect-reverseorreverse-directflotationisgood,butthepulprequireshi曲temperature,generallyabove25℃,andsomephosphatesevenreach40℃.Fattyacidsandtheirsaltsarecommonlyusedascollectorsinflotationofphosphateores.However,theirusesuffersfromsensitivitytoslimesanddissolvedions.highertemperaturerequirement,andrelativelyhighconsumption[5].
Asforthisphenomenon,wetrytouseanewdoublereverseflotationprocessforcollophanite.Ithassomemerits,forexample,itneedn’theatthepulp,thedosageconsumptionissmall.concentrateiseasilyfiltrated,deleteriousimpuritiesarethoroughremoved.Throughsystematicexperiment,weapplythisdoublereverseflotationtofloatcollophaniteofYichangregion,andobtainverygoodbeneficiationindex:finalconcentrateyield67.37%,P205grade32.17%,P20srecovery87.80%.andmainimpurityMgO0.95%.
1.2Existentproblemofeationiccollectorusedinreversefloatationofcollophaniteore
Cationiccollectorhasgoodselectivity,
low-temperatureresistance,strongcollectingstrengthandsimplereagentsystem.Buttherearesomeproblems
suchasstickyfroths,bigtenacity,badfluidity,beingdifficulttodefrothifthefeedorescontainlargeamountsofclaysandworkersdonotadddefrotherintothepulpordeslimefeed,whichwilllcadtoabadflotationindex。andtheback—sequentprocesssuchasscavengingtailingscannotcarryon.Ifitistooserious.beneficiationplantproductionwillbestopped.Forinstance,dodecylaminereverselyfloatssilicaoftheironore,siliceousfrothsareunfruitfulandsticky,theselectivityisbad,andthe
Foundationitem:Project(2006AAl07A01)supportedbySciencemadTechnologyKeyProgramofHubeiProvince,ChinaCorrespondingauthor:GEYing-yong;Tel:+86-27-62506493;E?mail:g自JY@mail.whut.edu.cn
450GEYing—yong,etal/Trans.NonferrousMet.Soc.China18(2008)
dosageisinconvenient[6—71.TheFloridaInstituteofPhosphateResearch(FIPR)appliedcationiccollectordoublereverseflotationprocesstofloatsiliceousandmagnesiaphosphateore,andfoundoutthatifthepulphasn’tbeendeslimedbeforebeneficiation,theconsumptionofreagentdramaticallyascendedandselectivitybecameworse[8].
1.3IntroductionofflotafiondefrothingresearchThereisnotmuchaboutflotationdefrothingresearch.Germanscientistsfirstputforwardthattheyusedchemicalmethodtodefroth[9].JapaneseandAmericanchemistssinglyresearcheddefrothingproblemduringtheSecondWoridWar.In1950s.ChinabegantostudythedefoameroffermentandPaDermakingindustry『101.
Phosphateoresbeforebeneficiationaresubjectedtodifferentprocessessuchasdesliming,screeningor
classification,andtheclaydepressantisaddedtoreducethenegativeinfluenceofflotationprocessbyclayorslimes,sothecationiccollectorreverseflotationprocesshasgainedextensivelyapplication[11】.Whenusingcationiccollectortoreverselyfloatphosphateore,becauseamineionsareverysensitivetoclayandmud,deslimes,addingpolymertotheflotationfeedand/orwater,andaddingaminestagewise,arenecessaryinorderthatreverseflotationprocessisnotinfluencedbyclay[8].Actually.10tsofcationicreverseflotationofphosphateandhematitearealladdedintheprocessofdeslimesbeforebeneficiation[12-14].GITERHOFF[151indicatedthatcationiccollectorreverselyfloatingmineralsneededsomeorganicdepressanttomakethesurfaceofthewallrock(clay)becomehydrophilic,sot11atclayCallnotadsorbthecollectorions.TherelationbetweenthestabilityofflotationfrothsandrecoverywasrevealedviameasuringthethicknessofflotationfrothswithandwithoutCaz+ionsandnonionpolymer[16].Asfortheproblemoffrothswhicharegeneratedbycationiccollectorflotation,scholarsinChinachieflystudythedeslimesoforeandaddingchemicalreagent【17-20].Atpresent,practicalandfeasibledefrothingmethodmainlyconsistsofaddingirthomogeneous
defrother,changingpHvalue,changingthesolubilityoffrotherwithconjunctionfunctionandsaltingoutaction.addingthesubstancewhichreactswithfrother,addingoppositesurfactantandso
on.ThetypesofdefrotherisdemonstratedinTablel『211.
2Resultsanddiscussion
2.1Collophaniteore
Experimentalphosphateores,camefromYichangregionofHubeiProvince,China,areofsedimentaryphosphate
rock.Thiscollophaniteoreistheaccreteorewithquartz,feldspar,dolomite,calciteandsoon.Theusefulmineralisphosphate.andthemainimpuritymineralsareSiP2,MgO,A1203,Fe203,CaC03etc.Phosphoritedistributesinooliteandclitellumtubercularshape,orformsparticlewithimpuritymineralsmutually,withdisseminatedgrainsizeofabout0.10mm.Calcicolousandmagnesianaccreteoreexistindolomite【CaP‘MgO‘(C02)2]andcalcite【CaC03],silicaandaluminumexistincalcicolousfeldspar【CaAl2SiOs]andsheetmica,andFe203existsintheconcomitantore.The
chemicalmulti—elementanalysisresulBofcrude
orearedemonstratedinTable2.
2.2Dpubicreverseflotationprocess
Fig.1showsthedoublereverseflotationprocessofnlisexperiment.Rougherflotationwasusedtowipeofrmagnesium
minerals.Theroughtailingisscavenged
onetimeandconcentrateIIisattained.TheroughconcentrateiscleanedonetimetowipeofrsilicaandconcentrateIisattained.Thecleanertailingisalsoscavengedonetime,thenthisscavengingconcentratereturnstothecleanerflotation.
Table3liststheclosedcircuitresultsofthisdouble
reverseflotationprocess.Itisshownthattheindexoffinalconcentrateissatisfactory.Itsyieldis67.37%,P205gradeis32.17%andrecoveryis
87.80%.Thecontentof
Table1Typesofdefrother/defoamer
TypeofdefrotherChemicalcomposition
Oil.based
PBresilicaoil,silicaoildissolvedinhydrocarbonandothermenstruum,fattyacid,
fattyalcoholasdissolvedoil
Plaster-basedSaturatedfattyacidester,olefin,mineraloil,fattyacidsoap,emulsifier,stabilizer
Dispersoid?based
Dispersedphase:SiP2,talcum,clay,fattyamine,heavymetalsoapspecies,
highmeltingpointpolymer;
Dispersed
medium:mineraloil,kerosene,plantoil,fattyalcohol,organicsilica
liquid
Latex-based
Fattyacidester,naphthylsulfonicsalt,fattyacidglyceride,sorbsugaralcoholfattyacidester,
fattyacidsoap,etc
Solidorpowder-basedWax,fattyalcohol,estertypes,soaptypes,etc
GEYing-yong,ctalffrans.NonferrousMet.Soc.China18(2008)
ConcentrateofFeed
Fig.1Flowsheetofdoublereverseflotationprocess
45l
Table2Chemicalmulti—elementanalysisresultsofcrudeore(massfraction.%1
12Q§里璺Q些鲤呈12Q≥垒12Q2璺!Q2里坠Q型!!Q23.5237.923.832.064.5l18.120.111.620.45
ThbIe3Closedcircuitresults
型墅丛垒垒型堑丛堡至蔓!丝丛坚基!≥丝叁塑:垒2丝』!坠蔓垡造
67.3732.1787.800.951.041.36
deleteriousimpurityintheconcentrateislow,andthe
ratioofthetotalcontentofMgO,Fe203andA1203to
P205contentis10.40%,whichcompletelysatisfiesthe
need(12%)ofproducingphosphaticaciddeammonium.
2.3Defrothing
AlthoughthefrothperformanceofGE.609isbetter
thandodecylamine,ithash’tthoroughlyresolvedthe
obstacleaboutflotationfrothofcationiccollector.
Throughlong—termtentativeexperimentinthelaboratory,
wefinallyfindouttwokindsofdefrotherswhichare
effectiveandcheap:oneisorganicfrothregulatorDF,
andtheotherisinorganicfrothregulatorCA.DFisal(indofmetamorphicstarch.andCAisakindofmetaloxide.Tllreeparallelexperimentswerecurriedoutwithoutaddingdefrother,onlyaddingDFandonlyaddingCA.respectively.TheindexofevaluatingdefrothingeffectiStheresidualamountoffroth.Theresidualamountoffrothistheamountoffrothwhichdoesn’tbreakupinthevesselafterfinishingflotation.Volumesofmeasuredvesselsare5Land2L,respectively.Fig.2showstheresultsofdefrothingexperiment.
WefindoutthatDFhaslittledefrothingeffectfrom
Time/min
Fig.2Residual
volumeoffrothfordifferentdefrothingexperiments
Fig.2,buttheeffectofCAiSmore
obvious.孔efrothofCAalmostvanishesat10millafterflotation.Actually,theamountoffrothisgreatlydecreasedforonlyaddingCA.ButaddingDFatthesametimeCallremarkablyimprovethefluidityoffroth,SOCAandDFareusedinexperiment.
TheclosedcircuitresultofdoublereverseflotationwithandwithoutCAiSlistedin亿出le4.
,】【/【|
452GEYing-yong,etal/Trans.NonferrousMet.Soe.China18(20081
Table4showsthattheyield,P205grade,recovery,
chiefimpuritycontentofconcentratewithandwithout
CAhavenoobviousdifferences.P20Egradeand
recoveryofaddingCAarelialelessthallthosewithoutaddingCA.Thefrothproblemhasbeensolved.whichalsoprovesthatCAisakindoffavorablefoamadjustorofcationiccollector.
3Defrothingmechanism
3.1Surfacetension
Inexperiment,wemeasuredthesurfacetensionofsolution(gotfromupperclearliquorofpulpwhichhadgroundandhadnotbeenaddedwithanyreagent)indifferentdosageofCAinordertodiscussthedefrothingmechanismofCA,asshowninFig.3.
DosageofCA/(g?t-1)
Fig.3SurfacetensionofsolutionindifferentdosageofCA
Fromequations7sc=YsL+Yim’cos0and一△G7sG+na1,sL-%L,weCallspeculatethewettingfunctionWSL=YlX3(1+COS0).AfteraddingdefrotherCA,)协minishes,服Ifollowstominish,whichmakesthesolid/liquidinterfacecombinationforcediminish,sotheconcentrationofcollectoronthefilmofbubblesisdecreased,thehydrophobicityofmineralparticleisweakened,andthestabilityofbubblesgoesdown.
3.2Zetapotential
ZetapotentialofpurequartzandquartzwithaddingCAindifferentpHvaluesisshowninFig.4.
Fig.4showsthatthezeropointofchargeofquartzturnsfrompH2.1to2.5becauseofaddingCA.UnderthesalilepHvalue,theZetapotentialofquartzwithaddingCArisesalittle.ThisisbecauseCAformsM,andM(OH)(n-I卜ionsinwater.Thesetwokindsofions
>
姜
.壁
董
尘
搴
~
pH
Fig.4ComparisonofzetapotentialofpurequartzandquartzwithaddingCA(180m#-0
adsorbontothesurfaceofquartz.Theycounteractthenegativechargeofthesurfaceofquartzpartially.TherebytheZetapotentialofquartzrises.thezeropointofchargeofquartzmovesaliRle.
Furthermore,100mg/LofGE.609,180mg/tofCAand100meA,ofGE.609wererespectivelyaddedintodistilledwaterofquartz.thentheZetapotentialofquartzunderdifferentpHwasmeasured.
Fig.5showsthattheZetapotentialofquartzdeclinesatfirstandclimbslaterafteraddingGE一609.Itpresentsdegressive仃endbelowpH=4.5andclimbingtrendabovepH--4.5.WhenpHvalueisabout8.theZetapotentialofquartzbecomespositive.Thisisbecausethe
surfaceofquartzchargesnegativechargeoriginally.黝theconcentrationofpositiveamineionsincreasins。
moreandmoreamineionsareadsorbedontothesurfaceofquartz.consequentlyZetapotentialofthesurfaceofquartzcontinuouslyrises.GE.609moleculeformsI卜一NH3+inwaterthroughionization。一NH3+ionsareadsorbedontothesurfaceofquartz.andR——easilyadherestotheairbubblesbecauseofitshydrophobicity,whichmakesthequartzparticlestipatwithbubbles.AsCAandGE.609aresuccessivelyaddedintothesamedistilledwaterofquartz。CAformsMn-I-andM(OH)妒1rinwaterbyionization.Theycompetetoadsorbonthesurfaceofquartzwithamineions,sotheZetapotentialofquartzbecomeshigherandhi曲er,asdescribedinFig.5.Becausethethreekinds
ofionsallchargepositivecharge,thecompetitiveadsorptiononthesurfaceofquartz
takesplace.Andthesamechargesexcludeeachother,andM斤+andM(OH)旷1rmakethe
amountofamineionsonthesurfaceofquartzdecreasealiule。consequentlythehydrophobicitygeneratedbyquartz
GEYing—yong,etal/Trans.NonferrousMet.Soc.China18(2008)453adsorbingcollector
functiongroupR—NH3+slows
down,andtheintensitythatquartzparticlesadsorbedon
bubblesdiminishesalittle,thatistosay,theflotation
舶thbecomesfriable,andthedefrothingismoreeasily.
>
g
专
{
旦
金
心
Fig.5CurvesofZetapotentialofquartzforadsorbingdifferent
reagents
4Conclusions
1)ThecollophanitewithP20sgradeofcrudeoreof
23.52%wasbeneficiatedby(10ublereverseflotation.
AddinginorganicdefoamingadjustorCAcanattainthe
excellentconcentrate.Theyieldis67.37%.P205gradeis
32.17%andrecoveryis87.80%.andtheimpurity
contentsofMgO,Fe203,A1203are0.95%,1.04%,
1.36%.respectively.
21ThroughaddingorganicdefrothingregulatorDF
andinorganicdefrothingCA.thesurfacetensionofthe
pulpisreducedandZetapotentialisincreased.The
superpositionofallkindsoffactorsmakesthefroths
becomefriableandevanesce,whicheffectivelysolves
thedi伍cultproblemofcationiccollectorGE-609.Itis
possibletoapplythecationiccollectortotheindustrial
beneficiationofcollophanite.
31Flotationreagentspecialcollectoristhekeyof
thedoublereverseflotation.TheSRcollectorfor
wiping
offmagnesiamineralsandGE.609forwipingofrsilica
possessgoodselectivityandstrongcollectingforce.111isdoublereverseflotationcanbeappliedtothebeneficiationindustryofcollophaniteaftertheindustrialexperiment.Thebeneficiatedproblemofmediumandlowgradecollophanitewillbesolved.
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(EditedbyYANGBing)
Double reverse flotation process of collophanite and
regulating froth action
作者:GE Ying-yong, GAN Shun-peng, ZENG Xiao-bo, YU Yong-fu
作者单位:School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of
Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
刊名:
中国有色金属学会会刊(英文版)
英文刊名:TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
年,卷(期):2008,18(2)
被引用次数:1次
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