八年级期末模拟训练(1)

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物理八年级下学期期末模拟综合检测试题附解析1

物理八年级下学期期末模拟综合检测试题附解析1一、选择题1．下列物体重力接近15N的是（）A．人民英雄纪念碑B．一头牛C．一个中学生D．一只鸡2．如图所示的核桃夹，手在B点施力时更容易夹碎核桃，这说明力的作用效果与（）A．力的大小有关B．力的方向有关C．力的作用点有关D．受力面积有关3．小雨同学通过绳子拉着一石块在水平桌面上做匀速圆周运动，假设它受到的力全部消失，则该石块将（）A．继续做匀速圆周运动B．落到地面上C．做匀速直线运动D．立即停止运动4．在如图所示的生活实例中，属于增大压强的是（）A．甲图中将书包的背带做得较宽B．乙图中将切菜刀磨得更锋利些C．丙图将铁路的钢轨铺在枕木上D．丁图中滑雪运动员穿上滑雪板5．下列设备和器材中，利用连通器原理的是（）A．气压计B．船闸C．密度计D．潜水艇6．如图所示，在杠杆OA上的B点悬挂一重物G，A端用细绳吊在小圆环E下，且细绳长AE等于圆弧半径，此时杠杆恰成水平状态，A点与圆环CED的圆心重合，当E环从C点逐渐顺时针滑到D点的过程中，吊绳对A端的拉力F大小与角θ的关系图像是（）A． B．C． D．7．如图所示，水平地面上放置着两个轻质圆柱形薄容器甲和乙，底面积S甲：S乙＝2：3，分别盛有两种液体A和B，容器底部用细线拉着相同实心物体C，浸没在液体中，此时液面高度相同。

p C：p A：p B＝1：2：4，当细线剪断，待物体C静止后，甲和乙容器中液体对容器底部的压强变化量分别为Δp甲和Δp乙，不计细线的质量和体积，则下列关系正确的是（）A．Δp甲＝Δp乙B．Δp甲＞Δp乙C．Δp甲＜Δp乙D．以上都不对8．如图所示，用力F将小球压至D点（弹簧始终处于弹性限度内），撤去F后，小球从静止开始向上运动，到达C位置时小球所受弹力等于重力，B位置是弹簧自身长度的位置，A位置是小球到达的最高点。

如果整个过程机械能守恒，下列说法中正确的是（）A．在A位置小球受力平衡B．在C位置小球动能最大C．从D到B位置过程中小球不断加速D．从D到B位置过程中小球受到的合力方向保持不变二、填空题9．图甲小朋友用力将气球按扁，说明力可以改变物体的__________。

陕西省咸阳市武功县2025届物理八年级第一学期期末统考模拟试题含解析

陕西省咸阳市武功县2025届物理八年级第一学期期末统考模拟试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

一、选择题（每题1.5分，共30题，45分）1．对下列四幅图阐述正确的是（）A．甲图，近视眼成像在视网膜前方，用凸透镜矫正B．乙图，远视眼成像在视网膜后方，用凸透镜矫正C．丙图，显微镜的目镜相当于放大镜，物镜相当于照相机的镜头D．丁图，望远镜的目镜相当于放大镜，物镜相当于投影仪的镜头2．在风驰电掣的列车上，妈妈对孩子说“坐着别动”，其所选的参照物是（）A．铁轨B．路边的树林C．小孩的座位D．车厢里的流动服务车3．对于密度公式mVρ=的理解，下列说法正确的是（）A．密度ρ与物体的质量m成正比B．密度ρ与物体的体积V成反比C．密度ρ与物体的质量m和体积V都有关D．密度是物质本身的一种特性，密度ρ在数值上等于质量m与体积V的比值4．自然界中，水有多种状态，各种状态之间还可以相互转化。

如图所示，下列状态的水，由于液化形成的是（）A．立春时节冰化成水B．白露时节的露水C．大雪时节的雪花D．冬至时节的冰挂5．下雨时，雨滴看上去好像是连成一条线，这是由于（）A．雨滴下落速度大而连在了一起B．雨滴小，看起来就连成了线C．人眼有视觉暂留现象D．观察时间和雨滴下落时间太短6．c919是我国自行设计研制的大型喷气客机，它的机身和机翼均采用了极轻的碳纤维材料。

这里“极轻”表明这种材料的优点是（）A．质量小B．重力小C．密度小D．弹性大7．下列几种估测最符合实际情况的是（）A．人步行的速度约为5 m/sB．全新的2 B铅笔长约18 cmC．人体感觉最舒适的温度约为37 CD．一张试卷的厚度大约1 mm8．祖国山河一年四季美景如画．下列关于山河美景的描述，属于凝华现象的是A．春天，雾绕群峰B．夏天，雨笼山峦C．秋天，霜打枝头D．冬天，冰封雪飘9．甲、乙两同学从同一地点同时向相同方向做直线运动，他们通过的路程随时间变化的图像如图所示，由图像可知正确的是A．两同学在0-15s内都在做匀速直线运动B．在0-10s内，乙同学的速度为10m/sC．在0-20s内，两同学的平均速度相等D．在0-15s内，乙同学追上甲同学并在100m处相遇10．图是甲乙两种物质的质量和体积关系图像，由图象可知（）A．若，则B．若，则C． D．11．下列关于科学方法的叙述中，错误的是：（）A．设计制作温度计的过程中不断将缺点改进，运用了缺点利用法B．由加快蒸发的方法想到减慢蒸发的方法，运用了逆向思考法C．为研究光现象，引入“光线”，这是模型法D．研究平面镜成像特点时，用相同的蜡烛与像重合，运用了等效法12．一间15m2的卧室内空气的质量，最接近下列哪个物体的质量（空气密度ρ＝1.29kg/m3）（）A．一块橡皮B．一个篮球C．一个铅球D．一名中学生13．关于实验中的误差和错误，下列说法正确的是( )A．误差就是实验中产生的错误B．错误无法消除C．用同一个测量工具，无法减小误差D．误差虽然不能避免，但是可以减小14．声音是一种波，在下列的实例中，能说明声音具有能量的是A．下雨天，我们总是先看到闪电，后听到雷声B．百米赛跑的终点计时员总是在看到白烟的同时按下计时器C．巨大的雷声响过，我们发现活动的窗户玻璃也跟着振动起来D．登上月球的宇航员们即使相距很近，也必须通过无线电来通话15．五千年华夏文明，创造了无数的诗词，下面是某位同学对部分诗句中蕴涵的物理知识的理解，正确的是①“不敢高声语，恐惊天上人”——“高”是指声音的特征“响度”②“露似珍珠月似弓”——露实际是小水珠，是由冰熔化形成③“人面桃花相映红”——桃花是光源，发出的红光映红了人的脸④“孤帆一片日边来”——“孤帆”运动，是以江岸为参照物的A．①②B．②③C．①④D．③④16．水是生命之源，我们应该珍惜每一滴水。

2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级上册期末模拟质量检测卷(一) 广东通用(word 版无答案)

八年级上学期期末质量检测(一)一、语法选择(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Every year,there are a lot of student plays at school.However, quite a few students don't enjoy joining school plays.Some think they are too shy on the stage (舞台). Some say they are too busy. Others think that is very boring. When I heard the English club would have an English play Sno w White,I 1 to join it.The main reason was that I really wanted to be on stage. The play Sno w White was very famous. Everyone in the club knew a lot 2 it.There were many characters in the play.Of course,the girls all looked forward to playing the Princess (公主). Li Fan played the King. Wang Ping and other six boys in the club played the seven dwarfs (矮人).I thought I 3 get the role of the Princess, but I lost it. He Yan got it. Miss Wang asked me to act 4 role of the Queen. I wasn't very happy about this. But Miss Wang said,“The 5 thing of all is the acting.”From then on, I tried 6 the Queen. It was difficult for me to do it 7 I had no experience in acting. After two 8 hard practice, we wereready to perform on the stage.It was successful.9 happy we were! People in the hall enjoyed 10 very much.()1.A．plan B．was planning C．planned()2.A．about B．on C．for()3.A．might B．must C．should()4.A．a B．an C．the()5.A．important B．more important C．most important ()6.A．act B．to act C．to acting()7.A．so B．because C．but()8.A．months B．month C．months'()9.A．What B．How C．What a()10.A．it B．them C．its二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

最新人教版八年级下册期末模拟检测卷(含答案,可直接打印)(一)

最新人教版八年级下册期末模拟检测卷时间：120分钟满分：120分一、听力测试。

（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分。

）第一节:听句子,选择与其意思相符的图片.每个句子读两遍.（每小题1分,计5分）（）1. A. B. C.（）2. A. B. C.（）3. A. B. C.（）4. A. B. C.（）5. A. B. C.第二节:听短对话,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.（每小题1分,计5分）（）6. How much food does the elephant eat a day?A. 150 kilosB. 120 kilosC. 250 kilos（）7. How many times did Scott help his parents do housework last week?A. OnceB. TwiceC. Three times（）8. What has rick done?A. Play computer games.B. Clean the table.C. Buy some sugar.（）9. Which book does Tony like reading?A. Alice in wonderlandB. Hansel and GretelC. Harry Potter（）10. What's the relationship between Susan and Robert?A. ClassmatesB. Mother and sonC. Sister and brother第三节:听长对话,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.（每小题1分,计5分）听第一段对话,回答第11-12小题（）11. What were Mary doing when the light went out?A. Doing her homework.B. Washing her clothesC. Looking after her grandma（）12. Where did Mary’s parents go last night?A. To the supermarket.B. To Mary's grandma's house.C. To the hospital.听第二段对话,回答第13-15小题（）13. Where did Sally give the English speech?A. In the classroomB. On the playground.C. In the hall.（）14. How did Sally feel when she gave the speech at first?A. A little nervousB. Very upset.C. A little excited（）15. What was Sally’s speech about?A. How to learn English wellB. How to save the endangered animalsC. How to get on well with others第四节：听独白,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.（每小题1分,计5分）（）16. What was Vince's father doing at 7:40 yesterday evening?A. doing the dishesB. Sweeping the floor.C. Cleaning the table.（）17. When did Mr. Steen fall ill?A. At about 7:20 p. m.B. At about 7:30 p. m.C. At about 7:40 p. m（）18. Where was Mr. Steen lying when Vince and his father got to his home? A. On the sofa B. On the bed C. On the floor（）19. How did Vince and his father send Mr. Steen to the hospital?A. by taxiB. by busC. by car（）20. How long did Vince and his father stay in the hospital?A. For about one hourB. For about two hoursC. For about three hours二、单项选择（共15小题,每小题1分,计15分）（）21.The Nile is the longest river in _______ world.A. aB. anC. anD. /（）22. —I haven’t fi nished the book report yet.— Oh, you should hurry up. The report is due _______ two weeks.A. inB. onC. atD. with（）23. Hard work leads to _______. If you want to achieve something, you must work hard.A. troubleB. satisfactionC. pressureD. success（）24. — _______ I see Bob, he is always listening to music.— Yeah, he is crazy about it.A. WheneverB. SinceC. AlthoughD. If（）25. Susan isn’t _______ girl in our class. Cathy is even _______ than her.A. taller; tallerB. the tallest; tallerC. taller; the tallestD. the tallest; the tallest（）26.— Would you please _______ yourself to us?— OK. My name is Max and I'm from America.A. introduceB. followC. enjoyD. improve（）27.— What do you think of your hometown Hainan, Liu Tao?—Very beautiful, _______ in summer. Lots of visitors come and go swimming in the sea every year.A. especiallyB. quicklyC. generallyD. probably（）28. — I fear that I won't be able to find _______ to eat when I travel.—Don’t worry! In Singapore, you can find a lot of food from China.A. something goodB. somewhere goodC. anything goodD. anybody good（）29. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in _______ rapid way.A. such aB. suchC. so aD. so（）30. — _______ you _______ writing the e-mail yet?— No, I haven't. But I will do it later.A. Have; finishedB. Did; finishC. Will; finishD. Do; finish（）31. I am interested in history. _______ of the books in my bookcase _______ about history.A. Three fifths; areB. Three fifth; areC. Three fives; isD. Three fives; are（）32. The little boy _______ a big drum in the yard when his mother ____ in.A. beat; was comingB. was beating; cameC. beat; cameD. is beating; is coming（）33. — Do your parents always go to work at seven?— Yes. They _______ up early on weekdays.A. are used to getB. used to get areC. used to gettingD. used to getting（）34. — Where's your grandma, David?—She’s in the living ro om. My brother is teaching her how to _______ WeChat red envelopes.A. fix upB. try outC. cut offD. give out（）35.— You look tired, _______, Molly?— I stayed up late yesterday.A. How do you like itB. What's the matter with youC. How is your journeyD. What can I do for you三、完形填空（共10小题,每小题1分,计10分）（★★☆☆☆）Almost every player wants to win in a game. But in an important bike riding race, a biker did 36 different. That was a bike riding race in Spain. A biker named Ismael Esteban was riding to the finishing line when his bicycle was 37 . It was a great chance for another biker, Agustin Navarro, who was following him. He just needed to ride a little 38 and he would certainly go past Esteban and win the first prize. However, what happened next 39 everyone! Esteban didn’t give up but ran along the road with his 40 on his shoulders. At the same time, Navarro 41 to ride past Esteban. He slowed down and followed him.When other bikers in the race saw this, they kept 42 for the two bikers while they were making their way to the finishing line. Someone took a video of his 43 and put it online. So far, it has been shared thousands of times around the world.After the race, Navarro told a newspaper, " I don't want to 44 like at It's unfair. So I chose to follow Esteban 45 he was walking. "What was moreamazing, he refused again when Esteban planned to give the medal to him after the race.（）36. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing （）37. A. broken B. old C. special D. cheap（）38. A. worse B. Slower C. faster D. better（）39. A. marked B. surprised C. counted D. feared（）40. A. car B. hat C. video D. bike（）41. A. wanted B. refuse C. started D. decided （）42. A. cheering B. thanking C. looking D. fighting （）43. A. bike B. line C. prize D. race（）44. A. build B. lose C. win D. make（）45. A. while B. unless C. before D. until四、阅读理解（共15小题,每小题2分,计30分）第一节:根据短文内容,选择最佳答案.A（★★☆☆☆）My name is Sam I joined a club called "passing help" last month. Now let me tell you why I joined it.One evening this May, on my way home my old car broke down. It was 25 miles from my home. I wanted to get a ride, but there was no car. I also wanted to take a taxi, but it was hard to take a taxi. I decided to take a bus home. I went to a bus stop nearby.After a while, a bus came, but it did not go to my town. The bus driver was a young woman. She was kind and she told me which bus I should take I waited there for about thirty minutes, but no bus came. At last a car came to me and a woman came out of the car. She was just the bus driver. "When I reached the bus station, I got to know that the bus to your town couldn't come, so I returned here. I just can't leave you here, "she said. "Get in my car and I will take you back to your home.” “ It is a long way,” I said.“ Come on, sir,” she said. “Let's go.”On the way she told me a story. A few days ago, there wasn't gas（汽油）in her car. An old man drove her up to a gas station and then back to her car.When we got to my home, I wanted to give her some money to thank her, but she didn’t accept. "I only want to help others and do something nice for somebody. Pass it along, "she said.（）46. What happened to Sam one evening this May?A. He lost his way.B. His car broke down.C. He was hurt in an accident.D. He couldn’t reach the gas station.（）47. Sam didn't think of going home _______ that eveningA. by trainB. by busC. by carD. by taxi（）48. From the passage, we know that the young woman was _______.A. a club bossB. a taxi driverC. a bus driverD. a gas station worker（）49. The young woman wanted Sam to _______.A. give her some moneyB. get on her busC. take her to her houseD. help others just as she did（）50. The best title of the passage is “_______”.A. A Kind old manB. Getting a rideC. A Broken carD. Passing HelpB（★★★☆☆）I am Alice. My sister and I spent our last summer holiday with our uncle who is a geologist（地质学家）and loves to collect stones.One day he bought us two backpacks and asked us to go to the mountain with him. We walked the whole day. Every now and then he put stones in our backpacks. To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them, But we thought he had just found better stones.When we returned to the house, we were very tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we felt relief （轻松）when we took them off. Yet our uncle’s backpack was half empty.“Why did you give us so many stones?” we asked“I didn’t. You did, "he said. "You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude （态度）test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining（抱怨）,I added a stone to your backpacks. Whenever you talked about something with positive（积极的）thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks. "Our backpacks were full of stones.“ Your negative（消极的）thoughts are just like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in your backpacks. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind will be, "said our uncle.With great love, our uncle taught us one of the most important lessons of life-the power of the attitude.（）51. Alice's uncle likes to _______.A. collect coinsB. collect stonesC. collect stampsD. collect books（）52. When Alice's uncle took out some stones from her backpack, she thought ____.A. she said too many wordsB. her uncle had found better stonesC. her uncle wanted her to feel a sense of reliefD. she talked about something with positive thinking（）53. Alice's and her sister's backpacks were full of stones because they ____.A. complained too much on the wayB. were hard-workingC. enjoyed collecting stones very muchD. chose wrong backpacks to carry the stones （）54. The underlined word “them” refers to _______ in the passage.A. the stonesB. the backpacksC. the positive thoughtsD. the negative thoughts （）55. The writer wrote this passage to encourage us to _______.A. be pleased to take others' adviceB. have a positive attitude towards lifeC. make a plan before doing somethingD. help people in trouble第二节:阅读短文,并按要求完成任务.C（★★★☆☆）A little boy invited his mother to the first parents meeting of his primary school. To his surprise, his mother said she would go. ①_______ She was not a beautiful woman because of the scar on her face. His mother told him there was the scar when she was born.At the meeting, other people were impressed by the kindness and natural looks of his mother. But the little boy felt embarrassed for his moms looks, and hid himself behind others. Just at that time, he heard the conversation between his mother and his teacher.“How did you get the scar on your face? "the teacher asked.The mother replied, "When my son was a baby, his room caught fire one day. ②Everyone was too afraid to get into the room. ③_______ While I was running towards his bed, a beam（横梁）fell down and I placed myself over him to protect him. I was knocked over and I knew nothing.④幸运的是,有人救了我们.” She touched the burned side of her face. “ But I have never regretted（后悔）doing what I did,” she added.On hearing that, the little boy was so moved that he hugged his mother with tears in his eyes. He held his mother's right hand tightly for the rest of the day.56.从下面四个选项中选出能填入文中①和③处的最佳选项.A. I rushed into it in a minute.B. The boy never wanted his mother to come to his school.C. This would be the first time that his classmates and his teachers met his mother.D. I was very worried and called the policeman.①_______ ③_______57.将文中画线句子②译成汉语.___________________________________________________58.将文中画线句子④译成英语.___________________________________________________59. What do you think of the little boy’s mother?___________________________________________________60. What did the little boy do for the rest of the day?___________________________________________________五、补全对话（共5小题,每小题2分,计10分）从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话（其中有两项是多余的）.A: Hi. Michael. 61B: Nothing much. What's up?A: 62 Would you like to go shopping with me?B: Sure. I also want to buy something. 63 You didn’t answer my phone.A: Sorry, I was helping my mother water flowers in the garden. What about you?B: 64 We go to the park nearly every weekend.A: That sounds interesting. 65B: Of course not. I'll call you by then.61._______ 62._______ 63._______ 64._______ 65._______六、词汇运用（共10小题,每小题1分,计10分）A）根据句意及首字母提示填写单词.66. It is wrong to c_______ our teacher. You should tell the truth67. Don't worry. We will work out the problem by o_______.68. Tony has gone to Australia and he will r_______ in a wee k69. This plan is to p_______ young people with Jobs.70. The lake is twenty meters d_______. You can’t swim in it.B）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空.71. We all know that Hainan is in the _______（south）part of China.72. The woman found the hospital without _______（difficult）.73. The _______（laugh）of the children can be heard here and there.74. Paul is much _______（strong）than Jim, isn’t he?75. The girl doesn't know how to deal with the _______（remain）food.七、综合填空（共10小题,每小题1分,计10分）（★★★☆☆）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Mao Lihui is a father of a primary school student. In the past, Mao spent a lot of time checking his 76 （kid）homework every day. Mao said, "I don’t like checking math homework 77 a long day at work. "Many other parentssaid that, too. So Mao made a 78 （decide）to develop（研制）an app which can free parents from checking math homework.Mao Lihui works at Hangzhou Dana Technology Inc. He and his team developed the app "Love Homework". The team 79 （train）computers to recognize（识别）the numbers even when the children' s handwriting（笔迹）was 80 （care）. By taking a photo, the app can check math 81 （problem）in one second, with over 95% accuracy（准确率）.Many parents said the free app made a big 82 （different）to their life. Mao Lihui had a strong 83 （feel ）of satisfaction about that. Mrs. Xu, a mother who used the app, said " 84 saved me a lot of time and the accuracy was 85 （good）than my own. I hope they can come up with more similar homework-checking apps.”76._______ 77._______ 78._______ 79._______ 80._______81._______ 82._______ 83._______ 84._______ 85._______八、书面表达（计15分）中央电视台的节目《经典咏流传》用流行歌曲的演唱方法重新演唱经典诗词（poetry）,节目一经播出,极大地激发了人们对中国经典诗词的阅读热情.为了鼓励同学们学习经典诗词,你们学校计划举行一次背诵比赛.假如你是李华,你们班的交换生Peter对中国诗词很感兴趣,请你给他发封电子邮件,邀请他参加这次比赛.词数80左右.具体安排如下:①比赛时间:9月23号下午2:00开始;②比赛地点:学校礼堂;③每班派两人参加比赛,一人背诵两首自选古诗词,一人背诵一首指定的（appointed）古诗词;④设一等奖三名,二等奖五名,三等奖十名;⑤参加人员:全体师生._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________参考答案:一、1-5 ABACB 6-10 BACBC 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 BACAC二、21-25 CADAB 26-30 AACAA 31-35 ABCDB三、36-40 BACBL 41-45 BADCA四、A）46-50 BACDD B）51-55 BBADBC）56.C A57.每个人都太害怕而不敢进入他的房间.58. Luckily, someone saved us.59. She was a very kind and brave mother.60. He held his mother's right hand tightly for the rest of the day五、61-65 BECFA六、A）66. cheat 67. ourselves 68. return 69. provide 70. deepB）71. southern 72. difficulty 73. laughter 74. stronger 75. remaining七、76. kids 77. after 78. decision 79. trained 80. careless81. problems 82. difference 83. feeling 84. It 85. better八、One possible version:Dear Peter,In order to encourage the students to learn more ancient Chinese poetry, our school will hold an ancient poetry reciting competition. I know you are interested in Chinese poetry, so I invite you to take part in it. The competition will be held in the school hall at 2:00 on the afternoon of September 23rd. Two students from each class take part in the competition. One of them recites two poems. He or she can choose what to recite. The other needs to recite one appointed poem. There are three first prizes, five second prizes and ten third prizes. All the teachers and students will take part in It on time.If you need any help, please tell me.Yours,Li Hua。

物理八年级下学期期末模拟综合检测试题含解析1

物理八年级下学期期末模拟综合检测试题含解析1一、选择题1．下列物理量的大小与实际相符的是（）A．一个鸡蛋重约为5NB．一个中学生双脚站立在水平地面上产生的压强约为1.6×106PaC．一标准大气压下你的拇指指甲盖受到大气压力约为1ND．将一本掉在地上的物理书捡起放到课桌上所做的功约为2J2．如图所示，小明用水平推力推静止在水平地面上的箱子，但箱子却没有运动，下列说法正确的是（）A．箱子没有运动，此时箱子所受推力小于箱子所受摩擦力B．箱子此时在水平方向上和竖直方向上受到的合力均为零C．地面对箱子的支持力和箱子对地面的压力是一对平衡力D．箱子所受重力和地面对箱子的支持力是一对相互作用力3．如图所示，一辆卡车在开到拱形桥顶时，突然所受的外力全部消失，则这辆卡车将会（）A．沿着桥面倒滑下去B．静止在桥面上C．做匀速直线运动D．沿着桥面做减速运动4．在如图所示的生活实例中，属于增大压强的是（）A．甲图中将书包的背带做得较宽B．乙图中将切菜刀磨得更锋利些C．丙图将铁路的钢轨铺在枕木上D．丁图中滑雪运动员穿上滑雪板5．两个完全相同的容器中装有甲、乙两种密度不同的液体。

把两支完全相同的密度计(一种利用漂浮的特点来测量液体密度的仪器)放入容器中，静止时如图所示，则()A．密度计在甲液体中受到的浮力较大B．密度计在乙液体中受到的浮力较大C．乙液体的密度比甲液体的密度大D．甲液体的密度比乙液体的密度大6．如图所示，杠杆处于平衡状态，若在两边的钩码下，再各加一个同样的钩码，则（）A．杠杆仍平衡B．杠杆右端下降C．杠杆左端下降D．无法判断7．物体甲放入水中后，有五分之二体积露出水面，如图1所示；物体甲、乙用不可伸长的细线系住，放入水中后细线被拉直，如图2所示。

已知甲的体积是乙的体积10倍，则下列选项不正确的是（）A．甲、乙所受的重力之比为6：5B．甲的密度为0.6×103kg/m3C．乙的密度为6×103kg/m3D．图2剪断细线后，水对容器底的压强减小8．有一个小球从滑梯上A点以一定的速度沿滑梯向上运动，到最高点B后小球又沿滑梯向下运动到C点，不计摩擦。

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八年级期末模拟训练(一)
班级：姓名：学号：成绩：
考试时间：100分钟；总分：150分；
A 卷（100分）
一.选择题（每题3分，共30分） 1. 不等式a x b >的解集是b
x a
<
，那么a 的取值范围是…………………（）
A ．0a ≤
B ．0a <
C ．0a ≥
D ．0a >
2.下列分解因式正确的是（）
A ． )1(222--=--y x x x xy x
B ． )32(322---=-+-x xy y y xy xy
C ． 2)()()(y x y x y y x x -=---
D ． 3)1(32--=--x x x x 3.不等式2135x x -≥-的正整数解的个数是………………………………（） A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．4 4.下列四个三角形，与左图中的三角形相似的是（）
5.如图，在正三角形ABC 中，D 、E 分别在AC 、AB 上，且
A D A C
=13
，AE ＝BE ，则有（）
A. △AED ∽△BED
B. △AED ∽△CBD
C. △AED ∽△ABD
D. △BAD ∽△BCD
6.若分式
2
2
943
x x x --+的值为零,则x 的值为( ).
A.3
B.3或-3
C.-3
D.0 7.下列式子（1）
y
x y
x y x -=
--12
2
.；（2）
c
a b a a
c a b --=
--；（3）
1-=--b
a a
b ;(4)
y
x y x y
x y x +-=
--+-中，正确的是（）
A 1个 B2个 C3个 D4个
（第4题） A ． B ．
C ．
D ．
8.如图，将一个矩形纸片ABCD 沿AD 和BC 的中点连线对折，要使矩形AEFB 与原矩形相似，则原矩形的长与宽的比为（）
A. 2：1
B.
31：
C. 21：
D. 1：1
9.如果把分式
x y x
+2中x 和y 都扩大10倍，那么分式的值（）
A. 扩大10倍
B. 缩小10倍
C. 扩大2倍
D. 不变 10.在直角坐标系中，已知O(0,0),A(2,0),B(0,4),C(0,3)，D 为x 轴上一点．若以D 、O 、
C 为顶点的三角形与△AOB 相似，这样的
D 点有（） A ．2个 B ．3个 C ．4个 D ．5个二.填空题（每题3分，共18分）
11.分解因式：24x y y -= _______________________． 12.若关于x 的分式方程
3
13
1+=
-+x a x 在实数范围内无解，则实数=a ___________.
13.若2x x a
≤⎧⎨
≤⎩的解集是2x ≤，则a 的取值范围是_________．
14.不等式组21
23
x a x b -<-
>⎧⎨
⎩的解集为－1＜x ＜1, 那么（a+1）(b －1)= _________ .
15.已知一个样本1，3，2，5，x ，它的平均数为3，则这个样本的标准差是 .
16.如图，△ABC 中，CE ：EB ＝1：2，
DE ∥AC ，若△ABC 的面积为S ，则△ADE 的面积为____________。

三.解答题（每题6分，共24分） 17.解不等式:113
2
x x +-
< 18.分解因式2
(2)(4)4x x x +++-
19.化简：2
2
444
2
x x x x x ++-
=--
20.解方程
2
112
4
x x x -=
--．
A E D
B F C
21．（6分）先化简 4
123
12
-+÷⎪⎭⎫
⎝⎛-+
a a a ，然后请你给a 选取一个合适的值，再求此时原式的值．
22．（6分）如图，△ABC 在方格纸中，
（1）请在方格纸上建立平面直角坐标系，A （2，3），C （6，2）. 并求出B 点坐标；
（2）以原点O 为位似中心，相似比为2，在第一象限内将△ABC 放大，画出放大后的图形△A'B'C'；
（3）计算△A'B'C'的面积S.
23．（8分）金泉街道改建工程指挥部，要对某路段工程进行招标，接到了甲、乙两个工程队的投标书.从投标书中得知：甲队单独完成这项工程所需天数是乙队单独完成这项工程所需天数的
3
2；若由甲队先做10天，剩下的工程再由甲、乙两队合作30天可以完成.
(1)求甲、乙两队单独完成这项工程各需多少天？
(2）已知甲队每天的施工费用为0.84万元，乙队每天的施工费用为0.56万元.工程预算的施工费用为50万元.为缩短工期以减少对住户的影响，拟安排甲、乙两队合作完成这项工程，则工程预算的施工费用是否够用？若不够用，需追加预算多少万元？请给出你的判断并说明理由.
24．（8分）如图，点P 是菱形ABCD 的对角线BD 上一点，连结CP 并延长，交AD 于E ，交BA 的延长线点F ．问：
(1) 图中△APD 与哪个三角形全等？并说明理由．
(2) 求证：△APE ∽△FPA．
(3) 猜想：线段PC 、PE 、PF 之间存在什么关系？并说明理由．
B 卷（50分）
一．填空题（每题4分，共20分）
25.下列命题：①两个负数的差一定是负数；②两边分别平行的两角一定相等；③全等的两个三角形一定关于某条直线对称；④对角线互相垂直平分且相等的四边形是正方形. 其中真命题有____________（填序号） 26.若
2
545
2
310A B x x x x x -+
=
-+--,则A=____________、B=____________的值.
27.已知关于x 的方程32
2=-+x m x 的解是正数，则m 的取值范围为=____________ .
28.关于x 的不等式
3
13
x a +-<
32
x -的解为x<7，则a 的值为
_________． 29.如图，点M 是△ABC 内一点，过点M 分别作直线平行于△ABC 的各边，所形成的三个小三角形△1、△2、△3（图中阴影部分）的面积分别是4，9和49．则△ABC 的面积是．
30(6分) 关于x 的不等式（2a-b ）x+a-5b>0的解集是x<107
，求ax+b>0的解集
31.（6分）阅读理解下列材料．关于x 的方程：
x +
1x
＝c +
1c
的解是x 1=c ，x 2=
1c
；
x －1x
＝c －
1c
（即x +
1x
-＝c +
1c -）的解是x 1=c ，x 2=－
1c
；
x +2x ＝c +2c 的解是x 1=c ，x 2=2c ； x +
3x
＝c +
3c
的解是x 1=c ，x 2=
3c
；……
（1）请观察上述方程与解的特征，比较关于x 的方程x +m x
＝c +
m c
（0m ≠）与它
们的关系，猜想它的解是什么，并利用“方程的解”的概念进行验证．
（2）由上述的观察、比较、猜想、验证，可以得出结论：如果方程的左边是未知数与其倒数的倍数的和，方程右边的形式与左边完全相同，只是把其中的未知数换成了某个常数，那么这样的方程可以直接得解．
请利用这个结论解关于x 的方程：
x +
21
x -＝a +
21
a -．
32.．（8分）某装修公司为某新建小区的A 、B 两户型（共300套）装修地板。

（1）若A 种户型所需木地板、地板砖各为50m 2、20m 2，B 种户型所需木地板、地板砖各为450m 2、25m 2。

公司最多可提供木地板13000m 2，最多可提供地板砖7010 m 2，
（2方案：①卧室铺实木地板，卧室以外铺亚光地板砖;②卧室铺强化实木地板，卧室以外铺抛光地板砖。

经预算，铺1 m 2地板的平均费用如下表，设卧室地面面积为a m 2,怎样选择所需费用最低？
33.．（10分）如图，在△ABC 中，∠BAC=90°，AD 是BC 边上的高，E 是BC 边上的一个动点（不与B 、C 重合），EF ⊥AB 于F ，EG ⊥AC 于G 。

（1）求证：
E D C G A D
C D
=
（2）FD 与DG 是否垂直？若垂直，请给出证明；若不垂直，请说明理由。

（3）当AB=AC 中，△FDG 为等腰直角三角形吗？并说明理由。

C
E
D G
B
F
A。

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