Modern American Universities
经典英语美文欣赏80篇(适用于成人)
经典英语美文欣赏80篇（适用于成人）英语美文欣赏80篇 01-The Love of Beauty英语美文欣赏80篇 02-The Happy Door英语美文欣赏80篇 03-Born to Win英语美文欣赏80篇 04-Work and Pleasure英语美文欣赏80篇 05-Mirror,Mirror-What do I See英语美文欣赏80篇 06-On Motes and Beams英语美文欣赏80篇 07-An October Sunrise英语美文欣赏80篇 08-To be or not to be英语美文欣赏80篇 09-Gettysburg address英语美文欣赏80篇10-First Inaugural Address英语美文欣赏80篇11-American black bears英语美文欣赏80篇 12-Coal-fired power plants英语美文欣赏80篇 13-Statistics英语美文欣赏80篇 14-Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs英语美文欣赏80篇 15-The source of Energy英语美文欣赏80篇 16-Vision英语美文欣赏80篇 17-Folk Cultures英语美文欣赏80篇 18-Bacteria英语美文欣赏80篇 19-Sleep英语美文欣赏80篇 20-Cells and Temperature英语美文欣赏80篇21-Youth英语美文欣赏80篇 22-Three Days to See英语美文欣赏80篇 23-Companionship of Books英语美文欣赏80篇24-If I Rest,I Rust英语美文欣赏80篇 25-Ambition英语美文欣赏80篇 26-What I have Lived for英语美文欣赏80篇 27-When Love Beckons You英语美文欣赏80篇 28-The Road to Success英语美文欣赏80篇 29-On Meeting the Celebrated英语美文欣赏80篇 30-The 50-Percent Theory of Life英语美文欣赏80篇 31-Archaeology英语美文欣赏80篇 32-Museums英语美文欣赏80篇 33-Skyscrapers and Environment英语美文欣赏80篇 34-Rare Fossil Record英语美文欣赏80篇 35-The Nobel Academy英语美文欣赏80篇 36-the war between Britain and France 英语美文欣赏80篇 37-Evolution of sleep英语美文欣赏80篇 38-Modern American Universities英语美文欣赏80篇 39-children’s numerical skills英语美文欣赏80篇40-The Historical Significance of American Revolution英语美文欣赏80篇41-What is Your Recovery Rate英语美文欣赏80篇42-Clear Your Mental Space英语美文欣赏80篇43-Be Happy英语美文欣赏80篇44-The Goodness of Life英语美文欣赏80篇45-Facing the Enemies Within英语美文欣赏80篇46-Abundance is a Life Style英语美文欣赏80篇47-Human Life a Poem英语美文欣赏80篇48-Solitude英语美文欣赏80篇49-Giving Life Meaning英语美文欣赏80篇50-Relish the Moment英语美文欣赏80篇51-The Language of Music英语美文欣赏80篇52-Schooling and Education英语美文欣赏80篇53-The Definition of “Price”英语美文欣赏80篇54-Electricity英语美文欣赏80篇55-The Beginning of Drama英语美文欣赏80篇56-Television英语美文欣赏80篇57-Andrew Carnegie英语美文欣赏80篇58-American Revolution英语美文欣赏80篇59-Suburbanization英语美文欣赏80篇60-Types of Speech英语美文欣赏80篇61-The Origin of Sports英语美文欣赏80篇62-Collectibles英语美文欣赏80篇63-Ford英语美文欣赏80篇64-Piano英语美文欣赏80篇65-Movie Music英语美文欣赏80篇66-International Business and Cross-cultural英语美文欣赏80篇67-Scientific Theories英语美文欣赏80篇68-Changing Roles of Public Education 英语美文欣赏80篇69-Telecommuting英语美文欣赏80篇70-The origin of Refrigerators英语美文欣赏80篇71-British Columbia28.Changing Roles of Public Education英语美文欣赏80篇72-Botany英语美文欣赏80篇73-Plankton英语美文欣赏80篇74-Raising Oysters英语美文欣赏80篇75-Oil Refining英语美文欣赏80篇76-Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreading英语美文欣赏80篇77-Icebergs英语美文欣赏80篇78-Topaz英语美文欣赏80篇79-The Salinity of Ocean Waters英语美文欣赏80篇80-Cohesion-tension Theory英语美文欣赏80篇01-The Love of BeautyThe love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality. The absence of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is an invariable sign of goodness of heart. In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which nobleness and beauty of character will be attained.Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence. The universe is its temple. It unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring. It waves in the branches of trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea. It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, the rising and the setting sun—all overflow with beauty. This beauty is so precious, and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings, that it is painful to think of the multitude of peopleliving in the midst of it and yet remaining almostblind to it.All persons should seek to become acquainted with the beauty in nature. There is not a worm we tread upon, nor a leaf that dances merrily as it falls before the autumn winds, but calls for our study and admiration. The power to appreciate beauty not merely increases our sources of happiness - it enlarges our moral nature, too. Beauty calms our restlessness and dispels our cares. Go into the fields or the woods, spend a summer day by the sea or the mountains, and all your little perplexities and anxieties will vanish. Listen to sweet music, and your foolish fears andpetty jealousies will pass away. The beauty of the world helps us to seek and find the beauty of goodness.英语美文欣赏80篇02-The Happy DoorHappiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to set in motion an ever-widening circle of ripples. As Stevenson has said, being happy is a duty.There is no exact definition of the word happiness. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being, since wefind beggars, invalids and so-called failures, who are extremely happy.Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend. But staying happy is an accomplishment, a triumph of soul and character. It is not selfish to strive for it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and others.Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone, miserable and embittered. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous; if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!It works. Before long you will find that insteadof repelling people, you attract them. You discoverhow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of widerand wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. You possessthe secret of peace of mind, and can forget yourself in being of service to others.Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens thronged with grateful friends.英语美文欣赏80篇03-Born to WinEach human being is born as something new, somethingthat never existed before. Each is born with thecapacity to win at life. Each person has a unique wayof seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials---capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant, thinking, aware, and creative being---a productive person, a winner.The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicated their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, betweenbeing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but cometo their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. They don’t give others a false authority over them. Winners are their own bosses and know it.A winner’s timing is right. Winners respond appropriately to the situation. Their responses are related to the message sent and preserve the significance, worth, well-being, and dignity of the people involved. Winners know that for everything there is a season and for every activity a time.Although winners can freely enjoy themselves, they can also postpone enjoyment, can discipline themselves in the present to enhance their enjoyment in the future. Winners are not afraid to go after what he wants, but they do so in proper ways. Winners do not get theirsecurity by controlling others. They do not set themselves up to lose.A winner cares about the world and its peoples. A winner is not isolated from the general problems of society, but is concerned, compassionate, and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, a winner’s self-image is not one of a powerless individual. A winner works to make the world a better place.英语美文欣赏80篇04-Work and PleasureTo be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit orrelief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human being may be divided into three classes: those whoare toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worryabout trifling things at the weekend.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure;and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only themeans of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vacation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the meansof banishing it at intervals from their minds.英语美文欣赏80篇05-Mirror,Mirror-What do I SeeA loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror.Mirrors have a very particular function. They reflect the image in front of them. Just as a physical mirrorserves as the vehicle to reflection, so do all of the people in our lives.When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden serves as a reflection. In order to see the beauty in front of us, we must be able to see thebeauty inside of ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. We have often heard things like “I love how I am when I’m with that person.” That simply translates into “I’m able tolove me when I love that other person.” Oftentimes, when we meet someone new, we feel as though we “click”. Sometimes it’s as if we’ve known eachother for a long time. That feeling can come from sharing similarities.Just as the “mirror” or other person can be apositive reflection, it is more likely that we’llnotice it when it has a negative connotation. For example, it’s easy to remember times when we have metsomeone we’re not particularly crazy about. We mayhave some criticism in our mind about the person. Thisis especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend less time.Frequently, when we dislike qualities in other people, ironically, it’s usually the mirror that’s speakingto us.I began questioning myself further each time I encountered someone that I didn’t particularly like. Each time, I asked myself, “What is it about that person that I don’t like?” and then “Is there something similar in me?” in every instance, I could see a piece of that quality in me, and sometimes I hadto really get very introspective. So what did that mean? It means that just as I can get annoyed or disturbed when I notice that aspect in someone else, I better reexamine my qualities and consider making some changes. Even if I’m not willing to make a drastic change, atleast I consider how I might modify some of the things that I’m doing.At times we meet someone new and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted. Although we don’t want to believe it, and it’s not easy or desirable to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to figure out what part of the person is being reflected in you. It’s simply just another way to create more self-awareness.英语美文欣赏80篇06-On Motes and BeamsIt is curious that our own offenses should seem so much less heinous than the offenses of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the circumstances that have occasioned them and so manageto excuse in ourselves what we cannot excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own defects, and when we are forced by untoward events to consider them, find it easy to condone them. For all I know weare right to do this; they are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together.But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves from which we have left our everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. To take a trivial instance: how scornful we are when we catch someone out telling a lie; but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundred?There is not much to choose between men. They are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness,of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind,the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our felllows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.英语美文欣赏80篇07-An October SunriseI was up the next morning be fore the October sunrise, and away through the wild and the woodland. The risingof the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it peeping down the spread of light, he raised hisshoulder heavily over the edge of grey mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped, and crept to crept to the hollow places; then stole away in line and column, holding skirts, and clinging subtly at the sheltering corners where rockhung over grassland, while the brave lines of thehills came forth, one beyond other gliding.The woods arose in folds, like draperyof awakened mountains, stately with a depth of awe,and memory of the tempests. Autumn’s mellow hand was upon them, as they owned already, touched with gold and red and olive, and their joy towards the sun was lessto a bridegroom than a father.Yet before the floating impress of the woods couldclear it self, suddenly the gladsome light leaped over hill and valley, casting amber, blue, and purple, anda tint of rich red rose; according to the scene theylit on, and the curtain flung around; yet allalike dispelling fear and the cloven hoof of darkness, all on the wings of hope advancing, and proclaiming, “God is here!” then life and joysprang reassured from every crouching hollow; every flower, and bud and bird had a fluttering sense of them;and all the flashing of God’s gaze merged into soft beneficence.So, perhaps, shall break upon us that eternal morning, when crag and chasm shall be no more, neither hill and valley, nor great unvintaged ocean; but all things shall arise, and shine in the light of the Father’s countenance, because itself is risen.英语美文欣赏80篇08-To be or not to beOutside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himselfoccasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am."But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations aliving thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the rangeand intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. Butapart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interest-ed only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as otherthings are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead.Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in a large variety of subjects can remainunhappy; the real pessimist is the person who haslost interest.Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live!英语美文欣赏80篇09 Gettysburg addressFourscore and seven years ago, our fathersbrought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, wecannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. Thebrave men, living and dead, who struggled here,have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.英语美文欣赏80篇10-First Inaugural AddressFirst Inaugural AddressWe observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end, as wellas a beginning; signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burdenof a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation”, astruggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America orcitizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, withhistory the final judge of our deeds, let usgo forth to lead the land we love, askingHis blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth, God’s work must truly be our own.英语美文欣赏80篇11-American black bearsAmerican black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born.Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds Their eyes andears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous , but if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, it is a formidable enemy.Black bears feed on leaves, herbs. Fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate1. Although the bear does not during the winter moths2, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains3 almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.Most black bears live alone, except during mating season. They prefer to live in caves, hollow logs,or dense4thickets5. A little of one to four cubs6 is born in January or February after a gestation7 periodof six to nine months, and they remain with their mother until they are fully8 grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild , and even longer in game preserves set aside for them.英语美文欣赏80篇12-Coal-fired power plantsThe invention of the incandescent1 light bulb by Thomas A. Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power. Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations. (which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself). As more power plants were constructed throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased throughout the country, the reliance on coal increased. Since the First World War, coal-fired power plants had a combined in the United States each year. In 1986 such plants had a combinedgenerating capacity of 289,000 megawatts and consumed 83 percent of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Giventhe uncertainty2 in the future growth of the nearly 900 million tons of coal mined in the country that year. Given the uncertainty in the future growth of nuclear power and in the supply of oil and natural gas, coal-fired power plants could well provide up to 70 percent of the electric power in the United States by the endof the century.Yet, in spite of the fact that coal has long been a source of electricity and may remain on for many years(coal represents about 80 percent of United States fossil-fuel reserves), it has actually never been the most desirable fossil fuel for power plants. Coal contains less energy per unit of weight than weight than natural gas or oil; it is difficult to transport, andit is associated with a host of environmental issues, among them acid rain. Since the late 1960's problemsof emission3 control and waste disposal have sharply reduced the appeal of coal-fired power plants. The cost of ameliorating these environment problems along with the rising cost of building a facility as large and complex as a coal-fired power plant, have also made such plants less attractive froma purely4 economic perspective.Changes in the technological5 base of coal-fired power plants could restore their attractiveness, however. Whereas some of these changes are intended mainly to increase the productivity of existing plants, completely new technologies for burning coal cleanly are also being developed.英语美文欣赏80篇13-StatisticsThere were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical1methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated2 to keeping orderly records of government units (states and statisticscome from the same Latin root status) and a gentlemanly gambling3 father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playingthe odds4 in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating5, ordering, and the taking of censuses-all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Describing collections involvestabulating, depicting6 and describing collections of data. These data may be quantitative7 such as measures of height, intelligence or grade level------variables that are characterized byan underlying8 continuum---or the data may represent qualitative9 variables, such as sex, college major or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or。
美国内布拉斯加林肯大学怎么样
美国内布拉斯加林肯大学怎么样美国内布拉斯加大学林肯分校，也翻译成内布拉斯加林肯大学(简称UNL或者内布拉斯加)成立于1869年，根据《赠地法案》创建。
是内布拉斯加大学的最主要成员及最早的分校，是该州的学术文化中心。
在林肯市主要有两个校区，City Campus(紧临林肯市中心的正北)和东校区(East Campus)。
东校区位于City Campus东北两英里。
该校是60所美国研究型大学协会(Association of American Universities)成员之一。
该校治学严谨，环境优雅，民风质朴，是求学的好地方，布拉斯加-林肯大学建立了世界上第一个大学本科的心理学实验室，是美国西部第一个开始授予博士学位的大学，是美国每年授予博士学位人数最多的50所大学之一。
是美国研究型大学协会([Association of American Universities])成员之一。
被《美国新闻与世界报道》评为一级国家大学(National University)。
曾被Scientist Magzine 评为"最适合学术工作的地方前十名"(Top 10 Best Places to Work in Academia)。
内布拉斯加首府林肯市是一个安全友好的城市。
位于内布拉斯加东部，普拉特河流域附近。
林肯机场有五条主要定期航线，你也可以通过贯穿林肯东西的铁路、公共汽车或州际高速公路到达。
林肯的市内交通十分方便，费用低廉。
全市的巴士系统对大学的学生免费。
自行车旅行或步行都十分便利。
林肯有各个种族的组织团体，另外有很多志愿者帮助国际学生适应他们在林肯的生活。
林肯同时也是一个公园般的城市，位于市中心商业区的校园. 是当地购物、饮食、美术馆、影剧院、酒吧、政府机关所在地。
在林肯有许多经营各个国家和民族特色饮食的餐馆和商店。
每年有许多美国和国际上的艺术家到林肯访问演出。
学校具有非常优良的体育传统，学校的各球队都叫Cornhuskers (简称 "Huskers", 橄榄球是全美大学中著名的球队之一,是NCAA最高级别组Division I-A的球队之一, 也是Big 10 Conference(即10大联盟)的成员。
美国大学简介
The Famous American Universities
Yale 耶鲁大学 Harvard 哈佛大学 MIT 麻省理工学院
Yale
YALE UNIVERSITY 耶鲁大学
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution
MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院
General Situation
MIT is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 . It is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU). The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the physical sciences and engineering, but more recently in biology, economics, linguistics and management as well.
e英语教程4课文翻译
e英语教程4课文翻译e英语教程4课文翻译导语：英语翻译，是指用英语来表达另一种语言或用另一种语言表达英语的语言之间互相表达的活动。
以下店铺为大家介绍e英语教程4课文翻译文章，欢迎大家阅读参考!【Unit1】1、老伴60多岁中风去世时，那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。
无人依靠的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。
When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.2、两位业余画家上个月在伦敦举办了一次个人画展。
许多人前去参观，其中包括一些著名的专业画家。
Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it including a few celebrated professionals.3、当20世纪80年代中期，7名宇航员在“挑战者”号的灾难中遇到困难时，全世界一下子陷入了震惊与悲痛之中。
When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.4、在结束了其第二届首相任期之后，她仍积极参与政治事务。
当政府遇到困难时，她屡次前来帮忙。
After completing her second prime ministry she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.5、大选失败之后，史密斯博士隐退到一个小村庄，在那里尝试工作。
MPA第二版完形填空 答案
University students must attend a certain number of courses. In their first and second years, they usually take courses in a wide range of subjects. In their third and forth years, students may specialize in their main subject. A typical course consists of three classes per week for one semester. A bachelor's degree requires about thirty-six courses, each lasting one semester. For every course they take, students are given a certain number of credits. When their credits amount to the requi red number, they get a bachelor's degree. That’s about four years ‘ study at university. Higher degrees require further study.Because most American universities do not have entrance examinations, the first two years in a college or university are looked on as a trial period during which students must study a certain number of compulsory强制性的subjects and reach a certain scholastic level.If students fail to do so, they may be dismissed unless they find a way to repeat failed courses.In a big university, There may be several thousand student taking a compulsory subject at the same time. They have to be divided into several classes. This also makes it desirable to employ closed-circuit and two-way television technology. Students seldom know their professors well, since it is the teaching assistant who answers their questions and marks their exam papers.The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. Since water power might be damaged. they filled bathtubs and pails. A power outage was likely, so they checked out batteries for the portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. John’s father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway。
New Concept English(Ⅱ)
背诵短文系列（11-20）篇目录Unit11: Archaeology 考古学Unit12: Museums 博物馆Unit13: Raising Oysters 饲养牡蛎Unit14: A Rare Fossil Record 罕见的化石记录Unit15: The Nobel Academy 诺贝尔委员会Unit16: The War between Britain and France 英法战争Unit17: Evolution of Sleep 睡眠的进化Unit18: Modern American Universities 现代美国大学Unit19: Children s Numerical Skills 儿童的数学能力Unit20: The History Significance of American Revolution美国革命的历史意义Unit11: ArchaeologyArchaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live -- and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk.The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.11考古学考古学是历史学的一个来源，而不是地位卑微的辅助学科。
英语国家概况(阅读)期末复习资料
英语国家概况（阅读）1、Which of the following statements is NOT true?C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important politicalparty in Britain2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct?D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____.C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?B.The legislative.5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition?C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day.6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt.8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact?A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION?C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___.D.They pass the college entrance examinations11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct?When the War of Independence was over, ___.D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true?A.They are big format newspapers.13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____.A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords?C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.16、Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?A.“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”17、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions except _____.B.The jurisdiction of loyalist ministers18、Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?C.The president can make laws.19、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called ____.A.General Certificate of Education – Advanced.20、What happened in 1215?B.Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.21、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?D.Horse racing.22、The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by ____. D.boards of education23、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media?B.They are mainly interested in making huge24、Which of the following is NOT a true descriptio n of the Queen’s role?A.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.25、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____. A.grammar schools.26、How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win in the election? B.32627、In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for ___. A.finding a job in society28、Where are international tennis championships held in the UK?B.Wimbledon29、The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except ____. C.William Penn30、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by ____.D.William the Conqueror31、Historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when _______ delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. C.Martin Luther King, Jr.32、“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.D.The people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution33、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? C.Basketball34、Which of the following is NOT true about Britain?D.It used to be one of the superpowers in the world35、In the early 1970s, the IRA _____.D.carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their、main target36、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A.The Anglo-Saxons37、Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?C.The BBC has four channels.38、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities in the UK?A.They are well represented in the British Parliament.39、In the US school systems, which of the following divisions is true？C.elementary school, secondary school.40、Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?B.The freedom of searching a person’s home by police.41、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments? D.In 170742、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?D.The University of Buckingham.43、The following were the main Reformation leaders except _____.B.Martin Luther King44、Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?D.Israel Zangwill.45、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution?A.It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.46、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system?D.It is dominated by the state.47、Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?D.The sports centre48、Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students in the US?B.Politics and business education.49、Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?A.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.50、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ____.C.state schools.51、Which one of the following does NOT belong to the Protestant Church?D.Catholics52、Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups?A.The aggressive nature of these groups.53、By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided?A.The House of Commons.54、The main mountain range in the west of the US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ___. B.the Rocky Mountains55、Easter commemorates ____. D.the Crucifixion and Resurrection of JesusChrist.56、Which of the following is NOT included in the National curriculum?B.Children must sit in A-level exams.57、Who is the leader of the Conservative party at present?D.David Cameron58、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ______.B.can legally receive completely free education.59、The majority of American Christians belong to the ____ church.C.Protestant60、Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? B.William of Orange.61、Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet? A.The US military.62、If you visit Alaska, you can NOT see _____ C.Surfers63、Which of the following is NOT true about life peers?B.They cannot sit in the House of Lords.64、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election?B.Lords in the House of Lords.65、Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war?C.Charles I66、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain?B.Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales67、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.68、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.A.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.69、The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from ___. D.John Locke70、Which of the following statements is NOT true?B.Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons71、Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true? D.It is known as a party of high taxation levels.72、During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as ____ at bus stations in the South. D.freedom rides73、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? C.The Good Friday Agreement74、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ___. A.there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.75、Which city is the capital in Scotland? B.Edinburgh76、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? prehensive schools77、Both public and private universities in the US depend on the following sources of income except ____. A.investment78、Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?B.Facebook.判断题：1、In the early 20th century, those dominating American life were mostlyWASPs. √2、In Britain, class and educational differences are reflected in thenewspaper people read. √3、Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. √4、The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. √5、Secrecy is an important part of the voting process. √6、The US was founded on the principle of human equality, and in realitythe nation has lived up to that ideal. ×7、There are more Catholics thatn Protestants in the US. ×8、The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those whichlevy taxes that pay the work of the federal government. √9、The British Prime Minister is directly elected by the people.×10、The Conservative Party is the party that spent most time inpower.√11、A great moment for the civil rights movement was the March on Washington on August, 1963 when President Kennedy gave the famous " I Have a Dream" speech. ×12、In 1863, President Lincoln signed The Emancipation Proclamation which together with the 13th Amendament to the Constitution legally abolished the slavery.√13、When the War of Independence was over, the US was one unified nation as it is today. ×14、The theory of poltiics of the American Revolution came from John Locke,a French philosopher in the 17th century. ×15、The Labour Party is the oldest party in the UK. ×16、The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people.√17、Scotland was unified with England through violent means.×18、One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college in the US is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests.√19、The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.×20、Critics of the affirmative action programs are of the opinion that this results in reverse discrimination.√21、The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.×22、According to the textbook, larger American universities are alwaysbetter, and more desirable universities are always more expensive.×23、The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture.√24、Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.×25、American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions.×26、Public schools in the UK are part of the national education system and funded by the government.×27、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.√28、" We Shall Overcome!" is a very famous song during the 1960s.×29、The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointment are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives.√30、When the civil rights movement began, non-violent, direct action tactics like " sit-ins" and boycotts were he chief vehicle for social protest.√31、George Washington, Banjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founing fathers of the USA.×32、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances.√33、Britain is no longer an imperial country.√34、It is not very difficult to generalize about the American way of life.×35、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.√36、The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans.×37、According the First Amendament to the Constitution of the United States, there would be a state-supported religion.×38、The world' s oldest daily newspaper is The Observer.×39、The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights.√40、By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe.√41、Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called " Gaelic" .×42、Horse racing is the true royal sport.√43、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy.√44、Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.√45、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world.√46、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.√47、Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.×48、In the 1960s, three groups - Afro-Americans, Asia Americans and women - were dissatisfied with their lives.×49、Northern Ireland is often called " Ulster" after an ancient Irish kingdom once existed in this area.√50、Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.√51、Britain has a written constitution like most countries.×52、Thre are more than 100 Protestants sects in the US today.√53、There is more violence in the US than in other industrializedcountries.√54、Drug abuse in the US has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation.×55、The Open Univeristy uses many non-traditional ways to teach students, such as TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, and a network of study centers.√56、According to the textbook, there are two major political parties in the UK.×57、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes.√58、Under a Constitutional Amendament passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term.×59、Super Bowl will decide the champion baseball team of the year in the US.×60、In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revoltuion, in contrast to France and the US.√61、The anti-war teach-in by white students in Berkeley began the civil rights movement in the 1960s.×62、Ireland is part of Great Britain ×63、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government.×64、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the ChristianChurch.√65、Yellowstone National Park is the oldest national park in the US.√66、In the US, scientific and economic advance and rising material progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance.×67、John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic elected as the USpresident.√68、You must have the A-level qualification to enter British university.×69、The state of Hawaii is a big island in the central Pacific Ocean.×70、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate juristictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain.×71、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involved the sport ofboxing.×72、The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according totradition.×73、Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.√74、Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954.√75、Aristrocracy as a class no longer exists in the UK.×76、Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city.×77、Hollywood films give the wrong impressions that all Americansare rich.√78、The British state actively interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught.×79、It takes at least four years to get a bachelor' s degree from an institution of higher education in the US.√80、President Nixon' s administration was toppled because of the Watergate Affair.√81、The most exciting moment in baseball game is a homerun.√82、Queen Elizabeth II is both the head of the state and the head of government in the UK.×填空题:1、In 1966 the women' s movement in the US organized the NOW, that is_______. 答案：the National Organization for Women2、BBC stands for ___.答案：British Broadcasting Company3、normally, a british government can be in power for ___ years, ａndthen it has to resign ａnd hold a general election.答案：54、1968 was a violent and tragic year in US history in which ______ and____ were assassinated.答案：Kennedy, Martin Luthur King5、In Northern Ireland, most Irish population are ____ while most Britishpopulatin are Protestants.答案：Catholic6、The most important function of the Parliament is to ___.答案：legislate(make laws)7、Although the UK joined the EU, it decided to keep its own currency,the ___.答案：pound8、The Good Friday Agreement, known also as ____, was signed in 1998.答案：the Belfast Agreement9、The native people in the American continents are the ___.答案：Indians10、The British Parliament is made up of the Queen, the House of ___,and the House of ____.答案：Lords，Commons11、Today, the US has two major poltiical parties. One is the ____,and the other is the ___.答案：Democratic Party, Republican Party (顺序不分先后）12、The two oldest universities in Britain are ___ and ___.答案：Oxford,Cambridge13、In Northern Ireland, if you support the Queen, you are called a___; if you want Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK, you are called ____.答案：loyalist, unionist14、Eton and Winchester are the two most famous _____ in Britain.答案：public schools15、In 1689, Parliament passed _____to ensure that the King would neverbe able to ignore Parliament.答案：the Bill of Rights16、In 1620, a group of English puritans travelled on the ship ____to Massachusetts Bay and founded the second English settlement.答案：Mayflower17、In 1215, some barons and the Chruch forced King John to sign the____ to place some limits on the King' s poer.答案：Great Charter18、The first and the second Continental Congress were held in _____.答案：Philadelphia19、The three Germanic tribes migrating to England in the 5th centurywere ____, ____, and _____. They became the ancestors of the English people.答案：Angles, Saxons, Jutes20、In 43 AD Britain was invaded by ___.答案：Romans21、 A ___ system is one in which power is shared between centralauthority and its constituent parts.答案：federal22、The Congress is made up of two houses, namely, the House of ____and the ___.答案：Representatives, Senate23、Activists in the Anti-War Movement in the 1960s were protestingagainst the war in _____.答案：Vietnam24、The ____ are smaller format newspapers with colour photos and cathyheadlines.答案：tabloids25、In Britain, the official head of state is ___.答案：monarch (king orqueen)26、The UK has been a member of the ____ since 1973.答案：European Union(or, EU)27、The main author of Declaration of Independence was ___.答案：ThomasJefferson28、GCSE stands for ____.答案：General Certificate of Secondary Education29、The first English permanent settlement in America was founded in1607 in ____.答案：Virginia30、The island of Great Britain is made up of ___,___, and ___.答案：England, Wales, Scotland31、The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, __, and ___.答案：Jewish, Catholic (不分先后）32、To watch the BBC programs, viewers must buy a ___ every year fortheir TV set.答案：licence33、For American high school students, the SATs are very importantexams. Here SAT stands for _____________.答案：Scholastic Apititude Test34、In the US, the judicial branch is headed by the ___.答案：Supreme Court35、____ was the first woman Prime Minister in the UK.答案：MargaretThatcher36、The WWW, which stands for ______, began in the US as a Cold Warmilitaryinnovation. 答案：world-wide web37、The IRA stands for ____.答案：Irish Republican Army38、The capitial of Scotland is ____.答案：Edinburgh39、The full name of the UK is ______.答案：the United Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland40、GCEA stands for ___.答案：General Certification of Education-Advanced41、The first Catholic president in the US was ___.答案：J.F. Kennedy42、Every child in the US is guaranteed up to ____ years of education.答案：1343、There are three major parties in the UK, ____, ____, and the LiberalDemcratic Party.答案：the Conservative Party, the Labour Party44、The ____ refers to black and white civil rights activiststravelling together on buses to challenge segregation laws.答案：freedom rides45、The capital city of Northern Ireland is ___.答案：Belfast46、Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income:student tuition fee, ____ and government funding.答案：endowments47、American mainstream culture develops from the so-called WASPculture. Here WASP stands for ___.答案：White Anglo-Saxon Protestant48、The real center of political life in the UK is in the ____.答案：parliament名词翻译：1、Bloody Sunday 答案：血腥星期天2、Conservative Party 答案：保守党3、grammar school 答案：文法学校4、Senator 答案：参议员5、the Supreme Court 答案：最高法院6、Prime Minister 答案：首相7、ruling party 答案：执政党8、IRA 答案：爱尔兰共和军9、Credit 答案：学分10、Eton Public School 答案：伊顿公学11、No taxation without representation 答案：没有代表权就不纳税12、The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国英语国家概况13、Check and Balance答案：权力制衡14、comprehensive school 答案：综合学校15、the Congress 答案：（美国）国会16、Constitutinal Monarchy 答案：君主立宪制17、Commonwealth of Nations 答案：英联邦18、Liberal Democratic Party 答案：自由民主党19、compulsory education 答案：义务教育20、The Bullet and the Ballot Box 答案：暴力和民主手段21、the Bill of Rights 答案：《权利法案》22、community college 答案：社区学院23、vocational school 答案：职业学校24、the Declaration of Independence 答案：独立宣言25、European Union 答案：欧盟26、opposition party 答案：在野党27、the Boston Tea Party 答案：波士顿茶党28、Continental Congress 答案：大陆会议29、Endowment 答案：捐款30、the House of the Commons 答案：下议院（或，平民院）31、the House of the Lords 答案：上议院（或，贵族院）32、Separation of Powers 答案：三权分立33、Cabinet 答案：内阁34、Home Rule movement 答案：自治运动35、Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs) 答案：学习能力测试36、liberal arts 答案：文科37、member of parliament (MP) 答案：议员38、Labour Party 答案：工党考试范围为以下章节的内容：1. 上册第一单元，英国概况简介2. 上册第二单元，北爱尔兰问题3. 上册第三、四单元，英国政治4. 上册第七单元，英国教育5. 上册第十单元，英国节假日和运动6. 下册第三单元，美国早期历史7. 下册第四单元，美国政治8. 下册第六单元，美国宗教9. 下册第八单元，美国教育10.下册第九、十单元，美国社会运动11. 下册第十一、十五单元，美国生活方式期末考试题型为单选题、判断正误题、填空题和专有名词翻译题，题目选自上述各章课后练习。
英语范文背诵20篇18 Modern American Universities精品学案
2013高考英语复习精品学案（文本）：英语范文背诵20篇18 ModernAmerican Universities18.Modern American Universities Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of le cturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. [NoPage]- 1 -。
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Modern American Universities
Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, m ore than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the
professor’s own research was presente d in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.。