An Exploratory Method for Fractionation of Organic Phosphorus From Grassland Soils48
算术平均牛顿法的英文
算术平均牛顿法的英文Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Newton's Method.The arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) Newton's method is an iterative algorithm used in numerical analysis to approximate the solution of equations, particularly those involving transcendental functions. This method is avariant of the classical Newton's method, which uses the tangent line to the function at a given point to approximate the root of the function. The AGM Newton's method incorporates the arithmetic-geometric mean (AGM) iteration, which is itself a fast converging method for computing the square root of a number.Background on Newton's Method:Newton's method is based on the Taylor series expansion of a function. Given a function f(x) and its derivativef'(x), the method starts with an initial guess x0 and iteratively updates the approximation using the formula:x_{n+1} = x_n f(x_n) / f'(x_n)。
科研论证方法
科研论证方法Research methodology is a crucial aspect of any scientific study. It encompasses the techniques and procedures used to conduct research and is essential for producing reliable and valid results. 科研方法论是任何科学研究的重要组成部分。
它包括用于进行研究的技术和程序，对于产生可靠和有效的结果至关重要。
One popular research method is the experimental approach, which involves manipulating variables to test a hypothesis. This method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships and is often used in the natural and social sciences. 一个流行的研究方法是实验方法，它涉及操纵变量以测试假设。
这种方法允许研究人员建立因果关系，通常在自然和社会科学中使用。
Another widely used research method is the survey or questionnaire approach, which involves collecting data from a large sample of participants. This method is commonly used in social sciences and allows researchers to gather information about opinions, attitudes, and behaviors. 另一种广泛使用的研究方法是调查或问卷调查方法，它涉及从大量参与者中收集数据。
土壤中氮和磷的形态提取方案
土壤中氮和磷的形态提取方案一、磷磷以无机磷和有机磷两大类形式存在，其中无机磷的存在形式可以进一步分为易交换态磷或弱吸附态磷、铝结合磷、铁结合磷、闭蓄态磷、钙结合磷、原生碎屑磷。
也有学者将无机磷分为可溶性磷、铁结合态磷、铝结合态磷、钙结合态磷、闭蓄态磷。
由于有机磷分离和鉴定困难，因此许多学者将有机磷看作一个形态。
1、砂质土壤中水溶性磷提取方法的比较目前，水溶性磷的提取方法和条件还没有统一，常用的提取剂除去离子水外，还有0．01 mol·l-1CaCl的中性盐。
用去离子水直接提取时，因电介质浓度太低，提取物经离心后仍可保留较多的细胶体，这些细胶体不能通过普通滤纸过滤而消除，必须采取0．45μm微孔膜过滤才能有效地去除胶体物质，因此，许多研究采用稀溶液来替代去离子水来提取水溶性磷。
但当土壤溶液中引入高浓度的钙离子时，溶液中的正磷酸根可与Ca离子作用形成溶解度较低的化合物，这可能会影响土壤水溶性磷的提取效果，而采用稀KCl可能避免这一问题。
用0．02 mol·l-1KCl提取水溶性磷操作方便，提取量与用去离子水提取0．451μm微孔膜过滤的磷接近，是砂质土壤水溶性磷较为理想的提取方法。
而用去离子水提取仅过普通滤纸因滤液中残留胶体可使水溶性磷提取量偏高，用0．01 mol·1-1CaCl2提取，因ca2+浓度较高，可抑制土壤磷素的释放，使水溶性磷提取量偏低。
2、磷形态顺序提取分析方法许多磷形态化学顺序提取法得到了运用。
它的原理是利用不同化学浸提剂的特性，将沉积物中各种形态的无机磷加以逐级分离。
它的原理是利用不同化学浸提剂的特性，将沉积物中各种形态的无机磷加以逐级分离。
是在Tessier等研究结果基础上发展起来的顺序提取方法——BCR顺序提取方法。
欧共体标准物质局（BCR，现名欧共体标准测量与检测局）为解决由于不同的学者使用的流程各异、缺乏一致的实验步骤和相关标准物质、世界各地实验室的数据缺乏可比性等问题，欧盟委员会通过建立标准，测量和测试框架发起了一个综合性项目，主要目的是：①设计一个合理的顺序提取流程；②测试内部试验研究中所选用的流程；③鉴定沉积物标准物质中的磷元素。
化学中纯化方法 英语
化学中纯化方法英语In chemistry, there are several methods for purification. Here are some common ones:1. Distillation: This method involves heating a liquid mixture and collecting the condensed vapor. It is useful for separating volatile components with different boiling points.2. Filtration: Filtration is used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a porous material, such as filter paper or a membrane. This method is commonly used for removing impurities or particulates from a solution.3. Chromatography: Chromatography is a technique that separates components of a mixture based on their differential affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. There are different types of chromatography, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), which are often used for analyzing and purifying mixtures.4. Crystallization: Crystallization involves dissolving a solute in a solvent and allowing it to precipitate out as crystals. The crystals can then be separated from the liquid phase by filtration or centrifugation. This method is commonly used for purifying solids.5. Extraction: Extraction is the process of separating a compound or a component from a mixture using a solvent. The compound of interest is often selectively soluble in the solvent, allowing for its separation from the rest of the mixture.6. Sublimation: Sublimation is the process of converting a solid directly into a vapor without passing through the liquid phase. It is often used for purifying solids that are volatile and decompose upon melting.These are just a few examples of purification methods used in chemistry. The choice of method depends on the nature of the mixture and the desired purity level.。
《科学探究方法》高中生英语作文
《科学探究方法》高中生英语作文Title: The Scientific Method of InquiryThe scientific method is a systematic approach used to investigate natural phenomena and acquire knowledge.It is a crucial part of scientific education, fostering critical thinking and intellectual curiosity among students.The process typically involves making observations, formulating questions, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.The first step in the scientific method is making careful observations.This involves paying close attention to the surrounding environment and noticing any patterns or anomalies.Observations help to identify potential research questions and provide a foundation for further investigation.Once observations have been made, the next step is to formulate a research question.This question should be specific, measurable, and relevant to the observations made.Formulating a clear research question helps to focus the investigation and provides a clear direction for the experiment.After formulating a research question, the next step is to design and conduct experiments.This involves identifying variables, developing a hypothesis, and selecting appropriate equipment and materials.Experiments should be designed to test the hypothesis andprovide data to support or refute the proposed explanation.Once the experiments have been conducted, the next step is to analyze the data collected.This involves organizing and interpreting the data to identify patterns or trends.Data analysis helps to determine whether the hypothesis was supported by the evidence and whether any conclusions can be drawn.The final step in the scientific method is drawing conclusions.Based on the data analysis, students should evaluate the hypothesis and determine whether it was supported or refuted.Conclusions should be drawn carefully, considering any limitations of the study and the potential for further research.It is important to note that the scientific method is an iterative process.This means that the steps may need to be repeated or revised based on new observations or findings.The scientific method encourages students to question, explore, and think critically about the natural world, fostering a lifelong love of learning and discovery.In conclusion, the scientific method is a systematic approach to inquiry that promotes critical thinking and intellectual curiosity.By making observations, formulating questions, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions, students can acquire knowledge and gain a deeper understanding of the natural world.The scientific method is an essential tool for scientific education, empoweringstudents to explore, discover, and make meaningful contributions to the field of science.。
定量研究方法英语
定量研究方法英语Quantitative research methods are a cornerstone of empirical inquiry, providing a systematic approach to understanding phenomena through numerical data. These methods are characterized by their objectivity, structured design, and the use of statistical tools to analyze and interpret data.In quantitative research, the process begins with the formulation of a hypothesis or research question. This is followed by the development of a research design that specifies the population of interest, the sample to be studied, and the variables to be measured. The design may take the form of experiments, surveys, or observational studies, each with its own set of protocols to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.Data collection in quantitative research is typically done through standardized instruments such as questionnaires, tests, or direct observation. These instruments are chosen or developed to ensure that they accurately measure the constructs of interest and that they are administered in a consistent manner across all participants.Once data is collected, it is analyzed using statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the data, while inferential statistics are employed to test hypotheses and make inferences about the population fromwhich the sample was drawn. The choice of statistical tests depends on the nature of the data and the research questions being addressed.Quantitative research methods are widely used across various disciplines, including psychology, education, economics, and public health. They are particularly valuable for identifying patterns, trends, and relationships within large datasets and for making predictions based on empirical evidence.However, it is important to recognize the limitations of quantitative research. These methods may not be suitable for exploring complex phenomena that are not easily quantifiable or for understanding the subjective experiences of individuals. Moreover, the reliance on numerical data can sometimes lead to an oversimplification of reality, ignoring the richness and complexity of human behavior.In conclusion, quantitative research methods offer a powerful toolkit for scientific inquiry, enabling researchers to test theories, evaluate interventions, and inform policy decisions with empirical evidence. Yet, they should be complemented with qualitative approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomena under investigation.。
科学方法的流程英语作文
科学方法的流程英语作文In the realm of scientific inquiry, the scientific method stands as a cornerstone, guiding researchers through a systematic approach to understanding the natural world. This essay will outline the fundamental steps of the scientific method, from the inception of a hypothesis to the formulation of a conclusion.Observation:The journey begins with observation, where scientists notice phenomena or patterns in the world around them. This initial observation is crucial as it sparks curiosity and leads to the formulation of questions.Question:From these observations, a question arises. It is a question that seeks to understand why something happens or how it works. This question guides the subsequent steps of the scientific method.Hypothesis:Based on the question, a hypothesis is formulated. A hypothesis is a testable statement that proposes a possible explanation for the observed phenomenon. It is a prediction that can be proven or disproven through experimentation.Experimentation:To test the hypothesis, scientists design and conductexperiments. These experiments are carefully controlled to isolate variables and ensure that the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.Data Collection and Analysis:During the experiment, data is collected. This data is then analyzed to determine whether the results support or refute the hypothesis. The analysis involves statistical methods to ensure that the findings are reliable and valid.Conclusion:After analyzing the data, a conclusion is drawn. If the data supports the hypothesis, it may be accepted as a possible explanation. However, if the data contradicts the hypothesis, it may be rejected, and a new hypothesis may be proposed.Peer Review and Replication:Science is a collaborative endeavor. Researchers share their findings with peers who review the methodology and results. Replication of experiments by other scientists is alsocrucial to verify the findings and reinforce the validity of the conclusions.Communication:Finally, the findings are communicated through scientific publications, conferences, and other platforms. This communication is essential for the advancement of scientific knowledge and for the peer review process.The scientific method is an iterative process. It is not a linear path but a cycle that can lead to new questions,hypotheses, and further experiments. It is this rigorous process that underpins the reliability and advancement of scientific knowledge.。
物理化学特有的研究方法
物理化学特有的研究方法Physics chemistry is a branch of science that combines the principles of physics and chemistry to study the physical properties of matter and the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions. 物理化学是一门将物理学和化学原理相结合的科学分支，用来研究物质的物理特性以及化学反应过程中所发生的能量变化。
One of the unique research methods in physical chemistry is spectroscopy, which involves the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. This method allows scientists to analyze the structure and composition of various substances by measuring the way they absorb or emit light at different wavelengths. 物理化学中独特的研究方法之一是光谱学，这涉及了物质与电磁辐射之间的相互作用。
这种方法使科学家能够通过测量物质在不同波长下的吸收或发射光线的方式来分析各种物质的结构和组成。
Another important method in physical chemistry is computational chemistry, which uses computer algorithms to simulate and predict the behavior of molecules and materials at the atomic and molecular level. This allows researchers to understand the underlying principlesof chemical reactions and the properties of new materials without the need for costly and time-consuming experiments. 物理化学另一个重要的方法是计算化学，它使用计算机算法来模拟和预测分子和材料在原子和分子水平上的行为。