204考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题
2020年考研英语204真题答案详解
2020年考研英语二真题答案详细解析今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】D tricky 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。
空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。
tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。
所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately 【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。
空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。
5.【答案】A while 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。
逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。
6.【答案】B task 【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。
2考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇_毙考题
2考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇_毙考题2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇In 2010. a federal judge shook America s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)，a trade group, assured members that this was just a preliminary step in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patentsto two genes that help forecast a woman s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. Despite the appeals court s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates thepatents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court。
2004 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语二)
2004 Text 2（英语⼆）姓⽒与字⺟顺序Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus and vice-president have surnames starting with C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.短⽂2在过去的⼀个世纪⾥，各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为⾮法。
2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试204英语二考研真题及答案
2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining that it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling. 3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, there is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You are only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens; You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good.You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We ’ve all been there.12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of f atigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A. tedious B.pleasant C. instructive D.tricky2. A. in addition B.for example C. at once D.by accident3. A. Fortunately B.Occasionally C. According D.Eventually4. A. assume B.assist C. describe D.train5. A. while B.because C.unless D.once6. A. answer B.task C.choice D.access7. A. tolerant B.formal C. rigid D.critical8. A. move B.drag C. push D.send9. A. mysterious B.illogical C. suspicious D.inevitable10. A.boring B.native C.harsh D.vague11. A. turn back B.take apart C. set aside D.cover up12. A. Overall B.Instead C.However D.Otherwise13. A. like B.miss C.believe D.regret14. A. raise B.affect C. justify D.reflect15. A. time B.bond C. race D. cool16. A. nature B.secret C. importance D.context17. A. cheated B.defeated C. confused D.confronted18. A. terrible B.hard C.strange D.wrong19. A. trying B.changing C. exciting D.surprising20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D.escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat---one social and one asocial---for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and pened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them bypressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. " We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals." We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,"says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ____ .[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they____ .[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats ____ .[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to actions than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats____ .[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S 18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms.must have many more skills than simply being able to"run the company". CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should, trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks. Another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of corporationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more research and developmentC. establish closer ties with tech companiesD. operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.A. continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC. conservative business strategiesD. repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.A. confirm the status of CEOsB. motive inside candidatesC. boost the efficiency of CEOsD. increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be ___.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspendedenforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers---who must pay fees or buy better vehicles---rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits---fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments---Britain's and others across Europe---have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas---city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads---are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will ____.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city's traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D] National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ____.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText 4Now that members of Generation Zs are graduating college this spring --- the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year --- the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Zs are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record S1.5 trillion,according to the FederalReserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one) followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That's a big change from the previous generation. Millennial wanted more flexibility in their lives, notes Tanya Michelson, Associate Director of Youth Sight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeinga financial future and they are quite risk averse."36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring ____[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware____.[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor's advice is38.The word "assuage" (line 9,para 2) is closet in meaning to ____[A]define [B]relieve [C]maintain [D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs____[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job.40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are ____[A]less realistic [B]less adventurous [C]more diligent [D]more generous Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face,always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal,don't hide,information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people,much less 50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.[E] Reveal, don't hide, information.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.[F] Slow down and listen.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.[D] Spend time with everyone.It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internalnetwork, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.[A] Give compliments, just not too many.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.[C] Tailor your interactions.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationIt’s almost impossible to go through life wit hout experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world”. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failure at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.生活中几乎不可能没有经历过某种失败。
2024考研英语二阅读text3
2024考研英语二阅读text3 The prompt problem for the 2024 Graduate Entrance Exam in English Reading Text 3 is a complex issue that requires a thorough understanding of various perspectives. The article discusses the increasing popularity of online education and its potential impact on traditional education. While some argue that online education is the future and will eventually replace traditional education, others believe that traditional education will always remain relevant and necessary. One perspective is that online education is the future and will eventually replace traditional education. Online education offers flexibility and convenience, allowing students to study at their own pace and on their own schedule. It also eliminates the need for physical classrooms and reduces the cost of education. With the advancement of technology, online education is becoming more interactive and engaging, providing students with a more immersive learning experience. As a result, many believe that online education will eventually replace traditional education, making it more accessible and affordable for everyone. However, others argue that traditional education will always remain relevant and necessary. Traditional education provides students with a structured learning environment and the opportunity to interact with their peers and teachers. It also offers hands-on experience and practical skills that cannot be acquired through online education. Traditional education also provides students with the opportunity to build social skills and develop relationships with their peers, which is essential for personal growth and development. Therefore, many believe that traditional education will always remain relevant and necessary. Another perspective to consider is the impact of online education on the job market. With the increasing popularity of online education, more people are obtaining degrees and certifications, which could lead to a more competitive job market. However, online education also provides individuals with the opportunity to acquire new skills and knowledge, making them more marketable and valuable to employers. Therefore, the impact of online education on the job market is a complex issue that requires further exploration. Furthermore, the quality of online education is another aspect to consider. While online education offers flexibility and convenience, it may not provide the same level of quality education as traditional education. Onlinecourses may lack the personal interaction and hands-on experience that traditional education provides. Therefore, the quality of online education needs to be carefully evaluated to ensure that it meets the same standards as traditional education. In conclusion, the prompt problem for the 2024 Graduate Entrance Exam in English Reading Text 3 is a complex issue that requires a thorough understanding of various perspectives. While some argue that online education is the future and will eventually replace traditional education, others believe that traditional education will always remain relevant and necessary. The impact of online education on the job market and the quality of online education are also important aspects to consider. Ultimately, the future of education will depend on how well traditional education and online education can coexist and complement each other.。
204英语二考研阅读
204英语二考研阅读In the heart of the bustling city, where the pulse of progress never seems to slow, there lies a sanctuary for those who seek solace in the written word. The "204 English II" is not just a title for a postgraduate examination; it is a gateway to a world of literature, linguistics, and cultural exploration that transcends the confines of the ordinary classroom.The journey through "204 English II" is a rigorous one, designed to challenge the intellect and expand the horizons of aspiring scholars. It is a path paved with complex texts that require not just a surface-level understanding but a deep, analytical comprehension. The reading list is a tapestry of works from various authors, each with their unique style and thematic depth, offering a rich tapestry of human experience and thought.As you delve into the narratives, you are not merely a reader but a detective, searching for the subtle clues that reveal the author's intent, the character's motivations, and the cultural nuances that shape the narrative. The questions that follow each passage are not there to trip you up but to guide you through a process of critical thinking and self-discovery.The examination itself is a test of your acumen, your ability to synthesize information, and your capacity toarticulate your insights in a clear, concise manner. It is a measure of your growth as a student of English literature, a testament to the hours spent immersed in the world of words.But "204 English II" is more than an academic hurdle; it is an opportunity. It is a chance to engage with the global community of scholars, to contribute to the discourse on literature and language, and to prepare for a future where the ability to communicate across cultures is more important than ever.As you prepare for this challenge, remember that the goal is not just to pass an exam but to enrich your mind and soul. The stories you read, the essays you write, and the discussions you engage in will leave a lasting mark on your intellectual journey. Embrace the rigor, for it is through this process that you will truly come to appreciate the beauty and power of the English language and the literatureit has produced.So, as you sit down to tackle "204 English II," know that you are part of a grand tradition of scholars who have come before you and will come after you. You are on the cusp of a new chapter in your academic career, and the pages that lie ahead are waiting to be turned by the hands of those who are ready to learn, to question, and to grow.。
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recentpast,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue tosoar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society.Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed.The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation.The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.But judging from recent studies of cryingbehavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears,both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears.Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses,it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggestedthat crying is a way to elicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother),the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention.So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress.University of Minnesota researchers who arestudying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears.Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University’s tear Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report thatthey can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication,to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable,to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery,and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University, Dr.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.社会不会鼓励哭泣行为。
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2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society.
Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed.
The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation.
The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.
But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness
and crying and the chemical composition of tears,
both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears.
Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses,
it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother),
the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.
Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention.
So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress.
University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears.
Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.
Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University’s t ear Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that
they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication,
to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable,
to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery,
and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University, Dr.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.
Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
社会不会鼓励哭泣行为。
然而眼泪，不管是由于伤心，气愤还是喜悦，都会让美国人感到不安和尴尬。
流泪的人常常会道歉。
即使是因为遭到了毁灭性的悲剧的刺激才哭的。
而看到别人哭泣的人则很可能会千方百计想办法来制止这种情感宣泄行动。
但是，从最近的关于哭泣行为的研究来看，疾病和哭泣及眼泪的化学成分之间存在着某种联系，
前面所提到的两种对眼泪的反应都是不合适的，甚至会产生反面效果。
人类是唯一知道通过落泪来宣泄情感的动物。
进化论，即使有的话，也很少会产生无意义的生理反应，
那么按照逻辑，我们可以设想哭泣对于提高生存能力具有一项或更多的功能。
尽管一些观察家认为哭泣是向他人寻求帮助的一种方式(如哭泣的婴儿是在向它的母亲寻求帮助)，
但是哭泣并不都是为了求助。
大声呼喊就够了，这比眼泪更能引起他人注意。
由此看来，眼泪本身还一定具有某种特殊的意义。
确实，最新的研究表明，情感性泪水可以直接减轻人的压力。
美国明尼苏达大学研究眼泪化学成分的研究人员最近已将情感性眼泪中的两种重要化学物质分离出来。
这两种化学物质仅仅存在于由于情感反应而流出的眼泪中。
因切洋葱而流出的眼泪中不含有这两种物质。
其他几个研究所的研究人员正在研究如何把眼泪作为诊断病情和监控药物的工
具。
在图拉大学的眼泪分析实验室，比特·喀斯特博士和他的同事报告说，他们可以用眼泪去检测滥用毒品问题及药物的性能，
确认隐形眼镜戴起来是否合适或者是为什么戴着不舒适。
还能用来探究”干眼”综合症的产生原因和眼部手术的效果。
甚至还能用来测量环境污染特的情况。
哥伦比亚大学拉瑞斯博士和他的同事们正在研究把眼睛作为线索来诊断除眼部疾病以外的其他病症。
不用伤害到身体，眼泪便可轻松获得，仅取少量便可做高度精确的分析。
重点单词
provocation[.pr?v?’kei??n]n. 激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因
refined[ri’faind]adj. 精炼的，优雅的，精细的 v. 精炼，净化，使
determi ne[di’t?:min]v. 决定，决心，确定，测定
emotional[i’m?u??nl]adj. 感情的，情绪的
counterproductive[,kaunt?pr?’d?ktiv]adj. 反生产的;使达不到预期目标的abuse[?’bju:s,?’bju:z]n. 滥用，恶习
vt. 滥用，辱骂，虐待
substance[‘s?bst?ns]n. 物质，实质，内容，重要性，财产uncomfortable[?n’k?mft?bl]adj. 不舒服的，不自在的lens[lenz]n. 镜头，透镜，(眼球的)水晶体
assume[?’sju:m]vt. 假定，设想，承担; (想当然的)认为。