Pipe and hose installation
CLAMP-STAUFF管夹
CLAMP-STAUFF管夹ClampsStandard-SeriesQuality and Servicew orldwide40 Years of Experience Worldwide Distribution Prompt DeliveryIn most industrial countries STAUFF Clamps symbo-lize quick and easy pipe and hose installations as well as a clean distinct pipe layout.The vibration and noise reducing features are appreciated as being an important contribution to environmental protection. Apart from the technical sophistication of STAUFF Clamps, the second-to-none delivery, prompt service even for special constructions, STAUFF Clamps are also the most economical ones to install.STAUFF Clamps applications are almost unlimited.Due to the extraordinary wide product range, all areas of pipe, tube and hose installation are covered:? Industrial Hydraulics ? Mobile Hydraulics ? Marine Hydraulics ? OffshoreGeneral Industrial Pipe Construction Mining IndustryNuclear Reactor ConstructionInstrumentation and Control Technology Pneumatics Approved by:Bureau VeritasDepartment of the Navy, New York Germanischer LloydLloyd’s Register of Shipping Registro Italiano Navale TüVUnited States Coast GuardDistributors and warehouses in all industrial countries.Australia:Stauff Corporation (Pty.) Ltd.P .O.Box 22724-26 Doyle Avenue, Unanderra Wollongong, N.S.W.AUS-2526 Unanderra Tel:+61242711877Fax:+61242718432 France:Stauff s.a.230, Avenue du Grain d’Or Z.I. de Vineuil-Blois Sud F-41354 Vineuil cedex Tel:+33254505550Fax:+33254422919 USA:Stauff Corporation 7 Wm. Demarest PlaceUSA-Waldwick, N. J. - 07463Tel:+12014447800Fax:+12014447852Japan:Ohtsuka Tec. Co. Ltd.1-7-19 Minami Shinagawa Shinagawa-Ku JPN-Tokyo 140Tel:+81334721201Fax:+81334721209United Kingdom:Stauff UK332, Coleford Road DarnallGBR-Sheffield, S 9 5 P H Tel:+441142518518Fax:+441142518519Canada:Stauff Canada, Ltd.866 Milner AvenueCAN-Scarborough, Ontario M1B 5N7Tel:+14162824608Fax:+14162823039China:Stauff International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Shangdian Mansion, Pudong 331 Binzhou RoadCHN-200126 Shanghai Tel:+862158456560Fax:+862158456680Walter Stauffenberg GmbH & Co.KGP .O. Box 1745, D-58777 Werdohl Im Ehrenfeld 4, D-58791 Werdohl Telefon:+49 (0) 2392 916-0Fax:+49 (0) 2392 2505e-mail:sales@/doc/b244f9f4b4daa58da1114a47.htmlInternet:/doc/b244f9f4b4daa58da1114a47.htmlBrazil:Stauff Brasil Ltda.Avenida Gupe 10.767Galp?o 2, Bloco AWT – Empresarial Parque Castello Branco BRA-Barueri – SP CEP: 06422-120Tel:+551147899020Fax:+551147899021India:Stauff India Pvt. Ltd.Gat. No. 2340Pune-Nagar Road, Wagholi IND-Pune - 412207Tel:+91207051990Fax:+91207051989Italy:Stauff Italia s.r.l.Via Pola 21/23I-20034 Birone di Giussano Tel:+390362312113Fax:+390362335536Materials and designs of clamp bodies –X X X Polypropylene,profiled inside,with tension clearance– PPPolypropylene,smooth inside,without tension clearance – PPH Polyamide,profiled inside,with tension clearance– PAPolyamide,smooth inside,without tension clearance – PAH Santoprene,profiled inside,with tension clearance– SASantoprene,smooth inside,without tension clearance – SAH Aluminum,profiled inside,with tension clearance – AL(AL group 1A – 6 only)Other thermoplastics and O.D. on request.Design of clamp bodies see technical appendix, page 48.Design and order codesfor clamps with rubber insert RI see page 30 –Clamp Accessories –.Material CodeSTAUFF CLAMPS:Clamping systems for tubes, hoses, pipes, cables and components Original STAUFF Clamps:The tube fastening system in accordance with DIN 3015Dimensional range from 6 to 800 mm Different materials available U-Bolt and DIN clamps Angle Adjustment Clamps Special clamps and supports:Custom built solutionsMINITESTER PPC-04:Digital measuring device for:Working pressure Differential pressure T emperature Flow RPHData output via PC or printerSTAUFF FILTERS:Hydraulic filtration systemsHigh pressure filters for in-line mounting:maximum working pressure:630 bar Return line tank top filters:maximum working pressure:16 barReplacement filter elements:Compatible quality and dimensional interchange to suit most filter makes produced in own facilitiesFilter materials:Glass fibre, Metal fibre, Polyester fibre, Wire mesh, PaperSTAUFF HYDRAULIC ACCESSORIES:Components for the construction of tanks and power units and mobile hydraulics Level gauges Level temperature switches Filler breathers Throttle and shut-off valves Check valves Desiccant air breathers DiffusersSuction strainersSpin-On - Filters Stainless steel pressure gauges Return line bushes Flow indicators Gauge isolator valvesAir filtersProduct rangeSTAUFF TEST:Pressure test systemsVenting and sampling of liquid and gas pressure systems nominal working pressure: 630 bar maximum 100% closeness controlcomponents tested in accordance with DIN 40.080Test couplings and accessories:Adaption threads M16x2 - M16x1,5 -S12,65x1,5- Plug-in systemTest hoses:DN 2 and DN 4;hose length and fittings on request。
管件英文名及缩写
中文名称
英文名称
中文名称
英文名称
中文名称
英文名称 CS CAS FS AS SS N AS T HT PH G NMG AG RG THK CAPTtoin plate 碳钢 弯头 Elbow 进水管 Water inlet pip 铸钢 长半径弯头 Long radius elbow 特殊法兰 Special flange 锻钢 短半径弯头 Short radius elbow 角钢 Angle steel 合金钢 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头） Mitre elbow 衬里法兰盖 BL(S) 不锈钢 异径弯头 Reducing elbow 槽面 G 正火 三通 Tee 可移动盖面 Movable cover plate 退火 斜三通 Lateral tee 突面带颈对焊钢制管法 Rfwelaing neck flange 回火 异径三通 Reducing tee 突面平焊法兰 Rfsiip-on flange 热处理 异径管（大小头） Reducer 盲板及法兰盖 Blind flange 预热 同心异径管（同心大小头） Concentric reducer 8字法兰 Spectacle flange 垫片 偏心异径管（异径大小头） Eccentric reducer 内定位环 IR 非金属热片 管箍 Coupling 外定位环 OR 石棉垫片 双头管箍 Full coupling 吊环 Ring 橡胶垫片 单头管箍 Half coupling 把手 Handle 壁厚 异径管箍 Reducing coupling 转臂 Arm 平焊封头 内外螺纹接头 Bushing 半管螺纹管接头 Half Threaded short Pipe 螺纹管头 活接头 Union 螺纹管接头 Threaded short pipe 环连接面法兰 套管 Hose connection 半管接头 Half coupling 镀锌 软管接头 Hose coupler 8字盲板 Spcer ang blind 翻边短节 Stud end 承插焊短节 SWG Nipple 短节 Nipple 8字盲板 Spectcle blank 异径短节 Swanged nipple 螺纹管接头 Serew coupling 管帽 Cap 补强环 Remforcemene rig 管堵（丝堵） Plug 加强支管 Reinfor ced branch 盲板 Blank 承插接头 Pressure connection 8字盲板 Spectacle blank(blind) 承插管 Socket table 金属软管 Metallic hose 卡式接头 Claw coupling 补强板 Reinforcing pad 测温元件接头 Temp elem connection 法兰 Flang 测压元件接头 Fress elem connection 法兰型式 Type of flange 导电元件接头 Cod elem conoectinon 对焊 Welding neck 管卡 Clamp 平焊 Slip-on 板 Plate 承插焊 Socket welding 软管管卡 Hose clamp 螺纹 Threa ded 焊接短管 Welded nipple 松套 Lapped joint 套筒 Welded nipple 异径（法兰） Reducing(flange) 管托 Muff 法兰盖（盲法兰） Blanl flange 一端带螺纹 Pipe shoe 法兰密封面 Flange sealing face 带内螺纹的活接头 Screwed end 全平面 Flat face 带内/外 Union with in temal thread 凸台面 Raised face 衬里钢管 Union with ine/ext thread 凹凸面 Male ang female face 补强板 Liner plate 凹面 Female face 对焊端加强管接头 Reinforce ment plate 凸面 Male face 对焊管加强管接头 OL 环连接面 Ring joint face 单头螺纹短节 Boss 榫槽面 Tongue ang groove face 异径承口管箍 HTH 排液三通 Drain tee 承口加强管节头 TFC(R)W 排液漏斗 Drain funned 螺纹加强管接头 Sockolet 接管 Swg nipple 合同 Contract 单头螺纹短节 Half threaded shortpipe 电阻焊管 Erw pipe 双头螺纹短节 Threaded short pipe 裸官 Bare pipe 蝶形管帽 Dish cap 流体 Fluid 椭圆形管帽 Ellipsoidcap 气体 Steam 对焊管帽 Capb 活动 Slip-on 四通 Cross 凹面法兰 Fm flange 弯头管嘴 Elbolet 凸面法兰 Mflange 平盖封头 Capt 凹凸面带颈平焊法兰 Mfm slip-on flange 等径四通 Straig ht cross 吊架 Hanger 入孔盖 Cover of man hole 一端螺纹-管平面 TOE 钢制平台 Plere form 大端开坡口小端平焊 Ble-pse 管卡 Ubdt 机加工型 PMF 膨胀节 Exponsinon joint 打包型 PFT 承插焊法兰 FSW 机加工矩型 PMS 对焊法兰 FWN 坡口端 BE 一端平面 POE 两端平面 PBE
Spears EverTUFF CTS CPVC 热水和冷水管道系统说明书
Special Pipe - Spears® CTSSpears®EverTUFF® Copper Tube Size (CTS) CPVC is a complete hot and cold water plumbing system consisting of pipe, fittings and solvent cement for plumbing applications. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is easily joined using solvent cement welding, is light weight, thermally efficient and code approved to provide cost-effective long-term system service.Product StandardsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS pipe and fittings are manufactured in strict compliance to ASTM D 2846, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold-Water Distribution Systems. This standard defines requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, tolerances, pressure-bearing capability, and thermocycling resistance. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS SDR 11 plumbing pipe and fittings are manufactured to specifications in accordance with this standard. SDR series pipe is based on an outside-diameter-to-wall thickness ratio. This is a constant regardless of pipe diameter, therefore all sizes of pipe carry the same pressure rating of 100 psi @ 180°F and is suitable for use with commercial hot water. Performance TestingSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is tested and independently certified by NSF International to the requirements of ASTM D 2846 under NSF® Standard 14 and for use in potable (drinking) water service under NSF® Standard 61.Code ApprovalsMajor building codes have approved the use of CPVC piping as an acceptable material for plumbing systems, provided the piping conforms to applicable industry standard's and has been listed by a third party for conformance to NSF® Standard 14 and/or NSF®Standard 61 requirements. Code bodies that accept the use of CPVC include BOCA National Plumbing Code, National Standard Plumbing Code, SBCCI Standard Plumbing Code, International Plumbing Code, and the Uniform Plumbing Code to name a few. The user should determine approval and installation requirements according to local code having jurisdiction prior to use. DimensionsCPVC CTS Series pipe shall be manufactured in strict accordance to the requirements of ASTM D 2846 to SDR 11 dimensions and tolerances. Each production run of pipe manufactured in compliance to this standard, shall also meet or exceed the test requirements for materials, workmanship, burst pressure, flattening resistance, and extrusion quality and dimensions as defined in ASTM D 2846. This pipe shall be produced in CTS diameters (1/2" through 2" sizes) to SDR 11 specifications.NominalPipeSize (in.)AverageO.D.O.D.TOLAverageI.D.Min.WallRating @Wt./ft.PSI PressureRating @73°F180°F 1/20.625±.0030.4690.0680.0904001003/40.875±.0030.6950.0800.1494001001 1.125±.0030.9010.1020.2404001001-1/4 1.375±.003 1.1050.1250.3534001001-1/2 1.625±.004 1.3090.1480.4894001002 2.125±.004 1.7160.1930.829400100 PIPE SIZES SHOWN ARE MANUFACTURED IN STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH ASTM D 2846 ASTM STANDARD D 1784 MATERIAL EQUIVALENTS: Cell Classification 23447 = PVC Type IV Grade I CPVC = CPVC 4120Pressure RatingsThe Spears® CPVC system, including the joint, has a continuous rated working pressure of 100 psi at 180°F or 400 psi at 73°F. CPVC systems have the capability to withstand short term temperature/pressure increases above 100 psi at 180°F, as evidenced by their ability to consistently surpass the 48-hour, 150-psi Uniform Building Code test at 210°F. CPVC pipe should not be used where temperatures will consistently exceed 180°F.Pressure-Temperature De-Rating FactorsFor CTS CPVC 4120 SDR 11 Piping Systems°F Factor Rating, PSI73 1.0040080 1.00400900.913601000.823251200.652601400.502001600.401601800.25100The pressure de-rating factor is the same for all pipe sizes. Example: Determine the maximum allowable operating pressure for a CTS CPVC piping system with an operating temperature of 140°F. Using de-rating factor of 0.50 for 140° from the above chart, the maximum allowable operating pressure = 400 x 0.50 = 200 psi.InstallationInstallation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the local code having jurisdiction, the solvent cement manufacturer recommendations, and Spears® publication CTS-3, CPVC CTS Products Design and Installation Manual.Joining MethodsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is easily joined by standard solvent cementing process, threaded connections and flange assembly Solvent Cement Welding.Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee Spears® Product Sourcebook for product offerings Page 68Hot & Cold Water Distribution SystemsSpecial Pipe - Spears® CTSSolvent Cement WeldingThis is the most common joining method used with CTS CPVC. See Installationsection for industrial pressure pipe for basic solvent cementing guidelines.CTS Solvent Cement SelectionCodes require use of solvent cement conforming ASTM F 493 and designatedspecifically for use with CTS CPVC products in accordance with ASTM D 2846.Spears®EverTUFF® CTS-5 CTS CPVC "One-step" (primerless) cements maybe used without primer if codes permit, or may be used with a primer whererequired by code. - Always CHECK LOCAL CODES.Set and Cure TimesPipe and fitting joint assembly must be allowed to set without any stress on thejoint for one to five minutes depending on the pipe size and temperature.Following the initial set period, the assembly can be handled carefully.FOLLOW THE CEMENT MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDED CURE TIMESPRIOR TO PRESSURE TESTING. - FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT INJOINT FAILURE.Minimum Cure Time Prior to Testing at 150 psi with ColdWater (based on use of one-step CPVC cement or two-stepcement systems)Pipe Size (in.)Ambient Temperature During Cure Time>60°F40°F - 60°F<40°F3/8 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs1/2 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs3/4 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs1 1 hr2 hrs 4 hrs1-1/4 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs1-1/2 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs2 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs •NOTE Wait 24 hours prior to putting system into hot water service when installed at cure temperatures above 60°F; wait 48 hours prior to putting system into hot water service when installed at cure temperatures below 40°F Solvent Cement Joining.Wall PenetrationBuilding codes require that a fire-rated wall or floor must be sealed back to its original integrity when penetrated. Several sealants and materials are suitable for use with Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe to construct an appropriate UL Classified fire-rated penetration system. When installed properly, these systems will provide a two-hour fire rating. Consult local building code requirements.•NOTE Caution: Certain fire-stopping sealants and components contain stress cracking agents and other chemicals which may cause damage to CPVC piping; contact the appropriate manufacturer for compatibility with CPVC prior to use.•NOTE When installing CPVC in areas where the system must be drained to protect it from freezing, the lines must be sloped to drain.Underslab InstallationsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC products are approved for underslab installations (with joints) in all model-plumbing codes. When performing underslab installations, it is important to support the tube evenly on a smooth surface. The bedding and backfill should be sand or clean soil that is free from sharp rocks and other debris that could damage the pipe.Underslab installations that contain joints must be pressure tested before pouring the slab. NOTE: IAPMO IS 2098, "Installation Standard for CPVC Solvent Cemented Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems," requires a test at 150 psi for 2 hours. The pipe should be sleeved where it penetrates the slab, along with construction joints within the slab. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS pipe is also manufactured in coils for underslab installations to eliminate joints. When turning coiled pipe up through a slab, into walls, etc., make sure the pipe does not kink. Sections of pipe that contain kinks must be cut out and replaced. Freeze Protection/Sunlight ExposureCPVC piping must be protected from freezing in all installation locations. Attention shall be paid to local insulating techniques and codes that require a particular method. Use only methods and materials suitable for use with CPVC piping. Where freezing is not an issue, CPVC shall not be installed so as to be subject to direct sunlight after installation and not installed on the surface of a building, unless protected by a covering or a chemically compatible paint, such as water based Latex.Hose Bibb InstallationHose bibbs are to be connected only to metal system components which are adequately anchored to the building structure. CPVC plastic systems must terminate in the wall.Water Heater ConnectionsBefore attempting to use Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC in water heater connections, determine if local plumbing codes contain detailed requirements for connections to gas or electric storage-type heaters.DO NOT use Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC products with commercial-type, non-storage water heaters.For areas where local plumbing codes do not have requirements, the following information can be used as a guide for water heater connections:• On electric water heaters, CPVC can be joined directly to the heater, using metal-to-CPVC transition fittings.• On high-efficiency gas water heaters that use plastic vent piping, CPVC can be joined directly to the heater in the same way as an electric water-heater connection.• On all other gas water heaters, there should be at least 6" of clearance between the exhaust flue and any CPVC tubing. A minimum of 6" metallic pipe should connect directly to the heater so that the CPVC tubing cannot be damaged by the buildup of excessive, radiant heat from the flue.• A temperature/pressure relief valve should be installed so that the sensing element contacts the water at the top of the heater.Page 69Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gas Spears® Manufacturing CompanySee Spears® Product Sourcebook for product offeringsSpecial Pipe - Spears ®CTS• Spears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC products are approved by all model codes for use as relief-valve drain lines. A metal-to-CPVC transition fitting should be used to connect the tubing to the relief valve, with the tubing continued to the outlet. Both horizontal and vertical pressure relief drain should be supported every 3 feet. For horizontal runs, slope the tubing toward the outlet. Pipe must discharge to the atmosphere at an approved location.• Instantaneous water heaters (i.e., under sink units) require at least 6" of metallic pipe connected to heater inlet and no CVPC installed downstream.TRANSITION JOINTS AND FITTINGSSpears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe can be connected to copper, brass, valves, and other materials using a variety of transition fittings including unions, compression fittings, specially reinforced male and female adapters, flanged joints, grooved joints and other readily available transition fittings.Do not thread CPVC pipe and do not use regular CPVC female threaded fittings. Regular CPVC male threaded fittings shall only be used on cold waterapplications. Special reinforced male adapters, female adapters and otherfittings with brass threads are recommended for hot water applications andthreaded transitions to metal pipe. All approved threaded CPVC joints must beaccessible. (See also Water Heater Connections section for additional installation details).Standard compression fittings with brass ferrules can be used; however, PTFE tape must be applied over the brass ferrule to compensate for the dissimilarthermal expansion rates between the brass and CPVC. Caution must beexercised to prevent over tightening of compression fittings. Use extreme care when soldering any metal system to prevent flame contact with or heat distortion in CPVC pipe and fittings.Assembling Threaded Connections Threaded connections require the application of a thread sealant that is compatible with CPVC material. Spears ® recommends the use of Spears ®BLUE 75™ Thread Sealant. Apply sealant to the male threads only. Make sure all threads are covered. DO NOT clog the waterway with excess sealant. If PTFE tape is used, Spears ® recommends a thickness of at least .0035" that meets or exceeds military specification, MIL-T-27730A. DO NOT use a combination of tape and thread sealant on the same joint. Apply PTFE tape in the direction of the threads by starting with the first full thread and continuing over the entire thread length. Make sure all threads are covered. Generally, 2 - 3 wraps are sufficient to produce a watertight connection.DO NOT over-torque any threaded connections. Generally, one to two turns beyond finger-tight are required for a threaded connection. Factory testing hasindicated that 10 - 25 ft-lbs of torque is adequate to obtain a leak-free seal.Spears ® recommends the use of a strap wrench when installing threadedconnections.Hanger/Support SpacingSpears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe is rigid, it requires fewer supports than flexible, plastic systems. Vertical runs should be supported at each level so that the weight of the run is not placed on a fitting or a joint. Horizontal runs require support every 3 feet for 1/2" - 1" diameter pipe and every 4 feet for 1-1/4" and larger diameters. Support spacing should be in accordance with applicable local codes. Horizontal runs must be braced so that the stress loads (caused by bending or snaking) will not be placed on a fitting or a joint. Hanger support spacing information is shown in Table A.Spears ® recommends that hangers, designed for supporting CPVC, be used tosupport CPVC piping. However, some hangers, designed for steel pipe, may be used if their suitability is clearly established. These hangers must be selected toaccommodate the specific pipe size. In addition, they cannot contain rough orsharp edges that contact the pipe, and they must not bind the pipe from axial movement that is caused by expansion and contraction.Pipe Size (in.)Maximum Hanger Support Spacing 3/8 3 ft 1/2 3 ft 3/4 3 ft13 ft 1-1/4 4 ft 1-1/2 4 ft 24 ft Thermal Expansion All piping systems expand and contract with changes in temperature. This issue must be addressed with appropriate system design to prevent damage to thesystem. Spears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe will expand or contract approximately 3.8 inches per 100 feet of pipe with every 100°F of temperaturerise or fall. The effects of expansion/contraction are usually absorbed by the system at changes of direction in the piping. In other words, long, straight runs of piping are more susceptible to experiencing measurable movement with changes in temperature. As with other piping materials, the installation of an expansion loop or offset is required on long, straight runs which will allow the piping system to absorb the forces generated by expansion/contraction without damage. The rate of expansion does not vary with pipe size. The effects of expansion/contraction are more pronounced on hot water lines. See Thermal Expansion & Contraction section under Engineering and Design Data for Industrial Piping in this manual for information on calculating movement andexpansion loops.System TestingOnce the system has been installed and allowed to cure properly, the systemshall be tested in accordance with applicable code requirements. When testingwith water (hydrostatic testing), the system must be slowly filled with water andthe air bled from the highest and furthest points in the system before test pressure is applied. Air must be removed from piping systems to prevent it from being locked in the system when pressure is applied. Failure to do so could beharmful to job site personnel should a failure occur. If a leak is found, the affected product must be cut out and discarded. A new section can be installedusing couplings or other approved means.Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee Spears ® Product Sourcebook for product offeringsPage 70。
波音机械标准施工tube
四层缠绕钢丝加固
管路知识介绍
橡胶软管
双金属丝编织带
合成内管道
防火、抗滑油软管
两层棉编织带
单金属丝编织带
合成内管道
飞机管路的识别
飞机管路系统的标志识别分为两种
第一种英文标记的识别
PRESSURE (压力)
RETURN (回油)
FLAM (易燃) PHPAN (危险)
燃油 FUEL
易燃管路 FLAM
管路的制作及安装
管路注意事项
• Installation Repair Hydraulic Tube • CAUTION: YOU MUST BE CAREFUL WITH THE TUBES TO
PREVENT IMPACTS, DISTORTIONS AND SCRATCHES. • 小心别碰伤、弯曲和刮伤管子 • CAUTION: WHEN DUST CAPS ARE USED FOR THE
pressure definitions
Hydraulic system are below. • (1) Maximum working pressure:
(a) Anytime repairs to the tubes are made on the airplane, or when any hydraulic component is to be checked. • (2) Proof Pressure: (a) If the tubes are repaired and to be tested in the shop. • (3) Burst Pressure: (a) This is for design reference only.
immediately before installation NOTE: Do not get thread compound in the internal
化工装置安装英语词汇(现场安装和材料名称)
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe [laind] adj.；具线纹的；衬里的, 衬垫的复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的stain 污点，瑕疵V 污染，沾污奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe adj 做成的，形成的，精炼的，锻造的锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 无缝合线的，无伤痕的焊接钢管welded steel pipe 焊接，焊缝电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管galvanize d steel pipe 通电流于；电镀, 镀锌；(用电疗)刺激, 使兴奋, 激励热轧无缝钢管 hot-roll ing seamless pipe adj,滚动，卷起；vt. 辗，轧；n 卷，摇晃，摆动，名单冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube直管 run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件 Fitting adj：适合的，相称的，适宜的；n: 试穿，试衣，装配，配件弯头 elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 出口，出路双支管弯头（形） double branch elbow三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) n：侧面，支线；adj：横向的，侧面的45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run and branch)四通cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend90°弯管 quarter bend环形弯管 cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管 mitre bend三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind孔板法兰 orifice flange松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环 welding-on collar突缘短节 stub end, lap翻边端 lapped pipe end松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing突面 raised face (RF)凸面 male face (MF)凹面 female face (FMF)榫面 tongue face槽面 groove face全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish粗糙度 roughness光滑的 smooth齿形 serrated均方根 root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange 1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式 type of gasket平垫片 flat gasket环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环 inner ring外环，外定位环 outer ring波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤嚣 strainer过滤器 filter临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainerT型粗滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle取样冷却器 sample cooler消声器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint单波 single bellow双波 double bellow多波 multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头 hose connection (HC)快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles补强板 reinforcement pad特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel排液环 drip ring排液漏斗 drain funnel插板 blank垫环 spacer8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板 restriction orifice爆破片 rupture disk 法兰盖贴面 protective disc费托立克接头 victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接 End Connection法兰端 flanged end坡口端 beveled end (BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end (PE)承插焊端 socket welding end螺纹端 threaded end (TE)承口 bell end焊接端 welding end法兰连接（接头） flanged joint对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint环垫接头 ring joint (RJ)万向接头 universal joint软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD)对焊的 butt welded (BW)螺纹的 threaded (THD)承插焊的 socket welded (SW)小端为平的 small end plain (SEP)大端为平的 large end plain (LEP)两端平 both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)支管连接 branch connection焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread 惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT)螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength 抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring 自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification 管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure 设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.1.3 转动机器(1) 泵 pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵，旋转泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump真空泵 vacuum pump柱塞泵 plunger pump往复泵 reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand-pump, wobble pump锅炉给水泵 boiler feed water pump轴流泵 axial pump(2) 压缩机 compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 循环压缩机 circulating compressor冷冻机 refrigerator(3) 驱动机、发电机汽轮机，蒸汽透平 steam turbine燃气轮机 gas turbine电动机 motor发电机 generator(4) 风扇、鼓风机风机 fan鼓风机 blower罗茨鼓风机 roots blower(5)其它机器挤压机 extruder造粒机 pelletizer离心机 centrifuger离心分离机 centrifugal separator离心过滤机 centrifugal filter压滤机 pressure filter5 1 4 贮运、装卸及起重机械起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist手动葫芦，倒链 chain block装卸臂 loading arm料仓 silo, bin料斗 hopper输送机 conveyor皮带输送机 belt conveyor5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版） preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版） inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench 管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5 8 相关专业的专业词汇5 8 1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam 中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail 楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification 危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line 焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water生活污水 sanitary sewer工业废水 industrial waste water雨水 rain water污染雨水 contaminated rain water消防水 fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置 softener沉淀器 settler沉淀池 clarifier脱盐装置 demineralizer水处理 water traatment冷却塔 cooling tower中和池 neutralization tank化粪池 septic tank渗滤井 soak-away pit井 well阀井 valve pit清扫口 clean out（3）消防消火栓 hydrant水炮 water monitor洒水器 sprinkler水喷淋 watering灭火器 fire extinguisher消防水泵 fire pump消防车 fire fighting truck泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting泡沫栓 foam hydrant泡沫炮 foam monitor消防软管接头 fire hose connection6 管道支吊架Pipe Supports and Hangers6.1 管架零部件Attachment of Support管托 shoe管卡 clampU形夹（卡） clevis锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳 lug; ear耳轴 trunnion止动挡块 shear lug托座 stool托架 cradle带状卡 strap clamp夹板，导向板 cleat可调夹板 adjustable cleat角板；连接板 gusset筋；肋 rib支承环 ring加强板 stiffiener底板 base plate顶板 top plate翅片式导向板 fin预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用） shim锚固件；生根件 clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate连接板 tie plate连接杆 tie rod限制杆 limit rod带环头拉杆 eye rod连接杆 connecting rod杠杆 lever支撑杆 strut定位块 preset pieces间隔管（片、块） spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用） sliding traveler(for hanger) 滑轮组 tackle-block钢索，电缆 cable木块 wood block 鞍座 saddle裙座 skirt软管卷盘（简） hose reel管部附着件 pipe attachment6.2 管支架型式Type of Pipe Support支承架 resting support滑动架 sliding support固定架 anchor导向架 guide限制性支架；约束 restraint限位架 stop限位器 stopper定值限位架 limit stop二维限位架 two-axis stop往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop定向限位架 directional stop吊架 hanger弹簧架 spring support弹簧托架 resting type spring support弹簧吊架 spring hanger恒力吊架 constant hanger重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support滚动支架 rolling support弹簧支撑架 spring bracing减振器 snubber液压减振器 hydraulic snubber减振装置 damping device缓冲简（器） dash pot刚性吊架 rigid hanger6.3 标准及通用型支架标准管架 standard pipe support通用管架 typical pipe support悬臂架 cantilever support三角架triangular support’支腿 legⅡ形管架Ⅱ-type supportL形管架 L-type support柱式管架 pole type support可调支架 adjustable support管墩，低管架 sleeper特殊管架 special support管道支吊架图 piping support drawing6.4 管架安装钻孔 drill长孔 slot; slot hole放气孔；通气孔 vent hole灌浆；水泥砂浆填平 grouting组装；装配 assembly攻螺孔 tapped; tapping自由滑动 free to slide跨度 span对中心；找正 alignment切割使适合 cut to suit修饰使适合 trim to suit伸出长度（指预埋螺栓） extrusion7 应力计算热应力分析 thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis荷载工况 load case力 force反力 reaction力矩 moment弯曲力矩 bending moment扭矩 torque外载 externally applied load荷载 load冷态荷载 cold load工作荷载 working load外力 external force内力 internal force力偶 couple of force管系 piping system位移 displacement附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement角位移 angular rotation冷拉 cold spring自拉 self spring方向 direction元件 member节点 node节点号 node number自由 free固定点 fix point; anchor point刚性的 rigid 柔性 flexibility塑性 plasticity热循环 thermal cycle剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition应力 stress弯曲应力 bending stress扭转应力 torsional stress轴向应力 axial stress剪切应力 shear stress拉应力 tension stress压应力 compression stress一次应力 primary stress二次应力 secondary stress位移（热胀）应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range许用应力范围 allowable stress range位移应力 displacement stress柔性应力 flexibility stress内压应力 internal pressure stress外压应力 external pressure stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress许用应力 allowable stress主应力 principal stress圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress峰值应力 peak stress脉动应力 pulsating stress交变应力 alternating stress残余应力 residual stress热应力 thermal stress遛转半径 radius of gyration泊松比；横向变形系数 Poisson ratio弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity惯性矩 moment of inertia极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia断面系数 section modulus应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration 应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur 应力增大系数 stress intensification factor面内 in-plane面外 out-plane柔性系数 flexibility factor柔度特性 flexibility characteristic弹簧系数 spring constant热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient安全系数 safety factor应变；变形 strain; deformation。
维多利亚(Victaulic) I-867-7UL型号压力减压阀安装、维修和测试手册说明书
Failure to follow these instructions can cause product failure, resulting in death or serious personal injury and property damage.
Start Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Readjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Maintenance And Inspection Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Normal Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Quarterly Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Annual Inspection And Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Difficulty In Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NCE, AND TESTING MANUAL
管道工程 安装标准英语
管道工程安装标准英语## Piping Engineering Installation Standards.Piping engineering involves the design, installation, and maintenance of piping systems used to transport fluids and gases in various industrial and commercial applications. To ensure the safety, reliability, and efficiency of these systems, it is essential to adhere to establishedinstallation standards.### Codes and Regulations.The installation of piping systems is governed by a range of codes and regulations, which vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific application. Some of the most commonly referenced codes include:American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31 series.American Petroleum Institute (API) 570。
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13628。
These codes and regulations provide detailed requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, and testing of piping systems. Compliance with these standards is essential to ensure the safety and integrity of the system.### Material Selection.The choice of piping materials is critical to the performance and longevity of a piping system. Factors to consider when selecting materials include:Fluid compatibility: The material must be compatible with the fluids being transported.Pressure and temperature ratings: The material must be able to withstand the operating pressure and temperature ofthe system.Corrosion resistance: The material must be resistant to corrosion from the fluids being transported and the environment.Mechanical strength: The material must have sufficient strength to support the system's weight and withstand external forces.Common piping materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, PVC, and polyethylene. The appropriate material for a given application will depend on thespecific requirements of the system.### Fabrication Techniques.Piping systems are typically fabricated from pre-cut sections of pipe, which are then joined using various techniques. Common fabrication techniques include:Welding: Permanent joints created by melting the basemetal of the pipe sections together.Flanging: Joints created by bolting together flanges that are welded or screwed onto the pipe ends.Threading: Joints created by cutting threads into the pipe ends and screwing them together.The choice of fabrication technique depends on factors such as the material, pressure rating, and accessibility of the joint.### Installation Procedures.The installation of piping systems involves a series of steps, including:Pipe layout: Determining the route of the piping system and identifying the supports and hangers required.Pipe cutting and preparation: Cutting the pipe sections to the desired lengths and preparing the ends for joining.Joint assembly: Joining the pipe sections using the appropriate fabrication technique.Support and anchoring: Providing supports and anchors to prevent excessive movement or vibration in the piping system.Insulation and coating: Applying insulation and protective coatings to prevent heat loss, condensation, and corrosion.### Inspection and Testing.Once a piping system is installed, it should be thoroughly inspected and tested to ensure its integrity and functionality. Inspection typically involves visual examination, dimensional checks, and pressure testing.Pressure testing is performed by applying pressure to the system and monitoring it for leaks. The pressure test must be conducted at a specified pressure that is typicallyhigher than the operating pressure of the system.### Documentation.Detailed documentation is an essential part of piping engineering installation standards. This documentation should include:Piping layout drawings.Material specifications.Fabrication procedures.Installation instructions.Inspection and testing reports.Maintenance schedules.Proper documentation ensures that the piping system is installed and maintained in accordance with the establishedstandards and provides a record of the system's history for future reference.### Conclusion.Adhering to piping engineering installation standards is crucial to ensure the safety, reliability, andefficiency of piping systems. These standards provide guidelines for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, and testing of piping systems, ensuring their compliance with industry best practices and regulatory requirements.。
Piping Installation QUALITY PROCEDURE管道安装质量程序
QUALITY PROCEDYRE PIPING INSTALLATIONCONTENTS1.0 SCOPE2.0 PURPOSE3.0 DEFINITIONS4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES5.0 REFERENCES6.0 QUALITY PROCEDURE7.0 ATTACHMENT1. SCOPEThe procedure applies to the inspection of piping installation.2. PURPOSEThe Quality Procedure has been developed in order to highlight the main works of operation a nd performance in accordance with the Quality Control activities during doing piping installation.3. DEFINITIONQCT Quality Control TeamP&ID Process & Instrument Diagram4. RESPONSIBILITIESConstruction Manager shall be responsible for the overall implementation of the Work Procedure, coordination with the Planning and Scheduling Department, to ensure efficient execution of works in accordance with the project relative specification, requirement and procedure.Project Engineers or Site Engineers shall be responsible for the efficient use of resources to execute the works in accordance with the construction drawings and project specification.The QC Department shall be responsible for compiling various technique documents and quality procedure, conducting surveillance and inspection duties at the various stages of works, efficient recording and reporting of the results as required.The Quality Manager shall receive all requests for inspection form from various Project Engineers or Site Engineers and inform the TR Representative, as and when their presence is required to witness the inspections.The Piping Quality Control Inspector shall accompany the TR Representative to carry out routine inspections and release hold points by signing and obtaining TR Representative approval signatures on the various quality records as proof of an inspection conforming to specifications. The Piping Quality Control Inspector shall coordinate with other discipline Quality Control Inspectors for ensuring that all other discipline activities that require inspection within the piping construction works have been inspected and approved.The Field Technician shall be responsible for monitoring piping receiving and conducting the field spot test in accordance with this Work Procedure. The Field Technician shall also be responsible for issuing and reviewing all reports required.5. REFERENCESASME B31.3ASME B25.56. QUALITY PROCEDURE6.1 Valve InstallationA. Prior to installation, some valves shall be pressure-tested andstroking-tested. Every batch of valves should be checked bysampling. If unacceptable valves are found, the rate of sampling-checked will be increased. The valves shall conform to the followingrequirements:a. Correct material quality.b. Valve seat tightly jointed with its body.c. Valve steam well contacted with its body.d. Valve steam jointed well and reliably with valve core.e. Neither bending nor corrosion with valve steam, seal staff capcorrectly matched with the steam, threads free of defects.f. Valve cap well contacted with its body.g. Gaskets, staff, bolt, nuts complete and free from defects.B. The material produced or processed by foreign standards shall betested accordingly in line with ASMT31.3 when it is used in lowtemperature application.C. The valve that is required by the design for seal test at lowtemperature shall have the qualifying certificate issued by themanufacturer for seal test at low temperature.D. OCT shall inspect the factory certificates and the pressure-testedrecords of re-examination and the records of disassembly.E. Prior to installation, take protective measures to prevent sealingsurfaces from being damaged. The construction personnel shallperform the work as per drawing to ensure that the valve types, size,its installation position and direction are correct and accurate. OCTshall check the installation sites and the construction as perconstruction drawing.F. Flange thread valves shall be installed in the close state, butwelded valves shall be in the open state when they are connectedwith pipes because overheating and thus deformation may result inthe burning of sealed staff.G. Argon arc welding shall be conducted as a prime for butt-weldingvalves to prevent valves from contamination.H. The material produced or processed by foreign standards shall betested for its welding accordingly in line with ASMT31.3 when it isused in low temperature application.I. When a valve is to be installed on the pipe which requires heattreatment, welding shall be conducted after the entire pipe heattreatment. The welding seam requires local heat treatment.J. Ensure that the bolts can pass through freely when installing valves.Force in not allowed during installation. Valves in a row shall beparallel. The workers shall line out for installation, and OCT shallcheck visually to assure that no deviation exits.K. The hand wheel orientation of valve may be changed in accordance with approval of TR, when difficult to manoeuvre, or when obstructing workingareas, or when not erected in accordance with the provisions of thetechnical specifications or at variance with TR’s request.L. The operative mechanism and the driving units of the valves shall be adjusted as needed for convenient operation and correctdirection.M. To avoid damage to the adjustable valves and electromagnetic valves during installation, use wood and such to protect theconnecting parts of the instruments before the installation.N. Do not use excessive force to install cast-iron valves so as to avoid possible damage to them.6.2 Installation of safety valvesA. Inspect the car seals (wire and lead) prior to installation, if it on car seals,car seals (wire and lead) shall be finished.B. Verify carefully the location number of safety valves as per P&IDdrawing prior to installation. After the restoration of piping system,QCT should thoroughly check valves installed.C. Valves shall be installed vertically and no deviation is allowed evenif examined by visual view.D. Testing of safety valvesa. Adjust the working pressure of safety valves as per P&IDdrawing, and this job need to owner’s witness.b. The safety valves shall be with tab when installed.6.3 Installation of pipe line inspectionA. Preparation of site before installationa. Construction electricityb. All installation toolsc. Temporary facilitiesB. Material inspection as per material control procedure.C. Inspection of spools before installationThe fabricated spools’ interior clearances should be inspected priorto installation, and spot-check dimension, material etc. as per toisomeric drawing. The construction group don’t use the spoolfabricated, fitting, pipe, valve etc. without mark or certificate.D. Pipe line alignmenta. Pipeline alignment shall be in accordance with plan key. Avoidto come forth wrong position of pipeline.b. Use rolling jig or crane for installation of random pipe.c. The damage of pipe and spool are avoided during alignment.E. Cuttinga. It is advised to cut pipes of grade A and of hardening capacitywith mechanical methods including sawing machine or lather.b. It is recommended to cut stainless steel pipe with mechanicalor plasma methods.c. Other steel pipes can be cut with oxygen and acetylene.d. Cutted pipe shall be marked such as material, heat NO.material code, size and colour sign.F. Groove machining and inspectiona. Only mechanical method is allowed to machine pipes of gradeA and of hardening capacity.b. Use mechanical method to machine intermediate alloy,stainless steel pipe. The surface must be polished beforeplasma is used to cut. Dedicated abrasive wheel shall be used to cut or grind stainless steel pipe. And it is prohibited to use with common carbon steel pipe. c.It is recommended to machine other steel pipes with mechanical method or oxygen & acetylene. The surface must be ground and polished.d. The processed edge angles shall be in accordance with following as:e.The surface shall be smooth and free from cracks or splashes. If the edge does not conform to the applicable requirements, the welding should not commence. The quality control inspector shall frequently check by samples the edge processing and constructing records on site.f.To avoid stainless steel be penetrated, dedicated abrasive wheel shall be used to cut or grind stainless steel pipe. And it is prohibited to use with common carbon steel pipe.G. Pipe linking a.The workers should inspect whether the interior of pipe has slag and oxide granule etc. before linking. Ensure that it is cleanly. The quality control inspector should frequently check clean and mark the records.b. Ensure that the type of edge accord with standards In terms of wall thickness and material of pipe.c. Internal misalignment of butt joints shall not exceed 1.5 mm.d. The parallelity and verticality of the flange face must be ensured to meet the design and code regulations.H.Welding as per welding control procedure.I. Welds mark after welds finished, as per pipe prefabricationprocedure.J. The construction group shall submit the welding daily report to quality inspector everyday. (Welding daily report see attachment)K. Heat treatment as per heat treatment quality control procedure.L. OCT should inspect randomly the pipe groove and mark the records.M. Hole on pipe shall be completed before installation of pipe. When open hole on installed pipe, shall remove the sundries caused by cutting. And workers should avoid the hole located Longitudinal seam lest it has stress.N. Gradient of piping shall be in accordance with drawing.O. All the bolts and nuts shall be greased for anti-corrosion when is installed. Bolts and nuts of different materials should be clearly marked. QCT shall check by random sampling.P. Ensure that graphite gaskets are smoothness and free of buckles and cracklings when mounting gaskets or pads. Handle them carefully during installation. The stainless steel belt of coiled gaskets must be fixedly spot-welded and free of welding omission evidence. The asbestos rubber belt of graphite on the two planes must tower above the steel belt and free of curling. The workers should check them one by one when mounting them. The quality control engineer shall randomly check the storing and installing methods, and the site mounting of the gaskets.Q. In order to prevent the pipe from causing stress on the rotating equipment, the last end of the pipe to be connected with the rotating equipment must be father away from it. After the above –said end has been welded, examine the parallel degree of flanges that are connected with the dynamic equipment. The deviation of the degree should be less than allowance stipulated by the manufacture. QCT shall check this work 100percent.R. For pipe connecting with compressor, start from compressor and first install pipe support. Weight and additional torque of pipe and valve shall not be on machine. Deviation of levelness and plumpness shall be less than 1mm/m. Slope for pipe on inlet of gas compressor caused by level deviation shall be on one side of tank. S. Flange faces are parallel within a tolerance of 1-2 tenths of mm and that tightening will not cause the disalignment of the machinery and relative motors. Flange faces shall be properly clean.T. Care shall be taken to prevent dust or iron rust or other foreign materials from entering the equipment, pump and compressor etc.during installation. So asbestos blinds must be added the flangespots connected with equipment.6.4 Installation of support and hangerA. Install support and hangers together with pipe and according torequirement of process.B. Install anchor support and limit support in accordance with design.Sliding face of guiding support or sliding support shall keep cleanno defect.C. When welding support, shall avoid crack, miss and other defect.D. Spring of adjustable support is given installation load when suppliedand position of operation load is marked in the range of load. Wheninstall spring support, QC inspector and Field Technician shallcheck it and mark records.6.5 Static grounding erectionA. Static grounding erection inspect include grounding location,connection mode, grounding resistance.B. All these items shall have inspection records.C. Especially, connection mode needs to be welded, and its materialmust be same as main pipe.7. ATTACHMENT (See next page)CONSTRUCTION DIVISION Page 11 of 11。
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118
管路的焊接
108
管接头的使用
在液压系统中常用的几种管接头：Walform. 用于中高压系统，采用24度 锥密封。适用于5-32的管径。碳钢与不锈钢均适用。
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109
Walform 接头
1）管路挤压圆锥角 3) 紧固螺母 2）接头 4）24度锥密封
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116
管夹的使用
关于管夹在安装时的间隔，一般来讲，从遵从如下的基本准则：
Ø8≥D≤Ø20 Ø20 > D ≤ Ø48,3 D>Ø48,3
L L L
1000 mm 1500 mm 2000 mm
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107
管路安装过程的实施
管子安装间断期间，各管口应严格密封。管路系统安装时，不得有沙子 、氧化铁皮、铁屑等污物进入管道。
安装前不得预先把所有的管路保护 清除，否则会污染管路。
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110
Walform 接头
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102
管子的选用准则
管子的选择先要根据对流速匹配来选择，一般原则是 ：油液在管子中流动时，管子内径能够容纳液压站的 最大供油量时的稳定流动。不能出现空腔和紊流，也 不能有太大的压力损失。 对吸油管：0.5…0.8 m/s，以吸油压力不低于绝对 值0.8bar为准则； 对回油管：2…4 m/s 对压力油管：100 bar以下2…4 m/s，315 bar 等 级3…12 m/s 安全起见，压力管路所能承受系统压 力的1.5-2倍。
113
管接头的使用
在液压系统中常用的几种管接头：SAE法兰。适用于35-125管径的密封 ，通过四个紧固螺栓和O圈形成可靠的密封。
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105
管路安装过程的实施
液压系统管子应用弯管机进行冷弯，较大直径的管子采用弯头配焊。严 禁采用火焰热弯，或其他强行拼接方式。
所有弯管其弯曲曲率半径＞3倍管径。
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Contents
液压缸的安装、调试与维护保养 工业阀的安装、调试与维护保养 比例伺服阀的安装、调试与维护保养 液压泵和液压马达的安装、调试与维护保养 管路的安装与维护保养 液压油的选择、使用与污染度控制 油箱与过滤器的使用与维护保养 蓄能器的安装与充放气 液压系统的调试与日常维护
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106
管路安装过程的实施
与管接头或法兰连接的管子必须是一段直管，此段直管的轴心线与管接 头或法兰的轴心线应重合，且长度要大于或等于2倍管径。
检查不到的弯管处可将其分做两部分， 方便在管路堵塞时检查和排故。
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钝化
121
正确布置软管
软件的布置的原则之一是平滑弯曲，不允许出现更弯和弯曲半径过小的 情况。
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111
管接头的使用
在液压系统中常用的几种管接头：cutting ring(卡套式接头)。采用金属密 封，在安装坚固过程中易损坏。用于中低压系统，应用越来越小。对不 锈钢管子不适用。
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104
管路安装过程的实施
配管时必须使管道有一定的刚性和抗振动能力，应适当配置管道支架和 管夹，弯曲的管子应在起弯点附近设支架和管夹，管道不得与支架或管 夹直接焊接。
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120
管路的酸洗流程
脱脂
水冲洗
酸洗
封口
水冲洗
干燥
中和
水冲洗
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112
管接头的使用
在液压系统中常用的几种管接头：焊接式接头（Welding nipple）。采用 O圈弹性密封，适用于碳钢或不锈钢管子。密封效果好。适用于30-50的 管径的密封。
连接锥套
连接锥头
O形密封圈
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114
管接头的使用
在液压系统中常用的几种管接头：方形或圆形法兰。适用于>50管径的密 封，通过四个紧固螺栓和O圈形成可靠的密封。
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管子内壁一定要光滑，减小油液流动 时的阻力。
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119
管路的酸洗
选用浓度为10～20%的磷酸或盐酸洗液。酸洗时间为1.5～3小时。 酸洗后用20～30%的碱性液如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾中和，中和时间不低 于1小时，然后用清水冲洗管子30分钟。 管子冲洗后用压缩空气吹干。
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