新G issue 部分借鉴提纲
ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。
Partially agree(1)Admittedly, with the ever increasing development in technology, people rely more and moreon technology to solve problems, sometimes even without the necessity to know the means itself, which to a great extent improves our life: the use of computer.(2)However, it simply does not indicate that the ability of humans to think for themselves willsurely deteriorate. Actually, people’s ability to think would be enhanced, considering that all these intelligent devices or tools are the products of the wisdom and ability.(3)Sometimes, the technology could help people to think for themselves: gene technology,computer processing.(4)Meanwhile, some of our abilities do deteriorate to a certain extent: the reliance oncomputer and calculator cause people’s decreasing ability to calculate.(5)However, it is usually the interior facts rather than the exterior facts that lead to thisphenomenon: even without the assistance of these technologies, these people might still be reluctant to think creatively and positively. In this case, it is these people, rather than the technology per se that deserve blame.2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。
NO.72 认知"One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."一个人要真正了解一个社会的最大的特点，只用研究一下它的主要城市即可。
Disagree:(1)The major cities could provide much information to understand the society:(a)Major cities are usual the center of the politics, economics, industry, culture, education,etc.(b)People from all over the country; serves as the miniature of the whole society(c)80% and 20%(2)However, it may be unilateral to understand the most important characteristics of a societyonly by understanding its major cities:(a)With the globalization, major cities all over the world have become increasingly similarto each other.(b)The living conditions of the people(c)How much education has the average people receive?(3)Rural areas and towns:(a)Origin of the folk art(b)The condition of the agriculture and stockbreeding.(4) Consider as a whole, ignorance of either would lead to prejudice.3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的。
"Scandals -- whether in politics, academia, or other areas -- can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."丑闻，不管是政治、学术还是其他领域可能有用.它们吸引人们注意，而这点是任何发言人和改革家都办不到的。
Agree:(1)Scandal: public incidents that bring about disgrace or offends the moral sensibilities of thesociety.(2)Scandals, whether in politics, academia, or other areas, can be useful in that they focus ourattention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could:(a)Politics: convince people of the dishonest of some officials (Watergate Scandal, theabuse of power by public officers, violation of the public trust, contempt of Congress,and the attempted construction of justice)(b)Academia: Mendel’s dishonesty in creating or falsifying the data.(c)Business: bribery and cheating(3) However, sometimes they may distract us from more pressing social and community problems.They should not be exaggerated. (To err is human)(4) Superfluous attention to scandals would be detrimental. (Diana)5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.结论：政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持，来保证其繁荣发展。
Issue翻译+提纲
Issue Topics说明：1.我的分类是对在网上流行的分类题库做了一些小修改。
1)尽可能把相近的题目放在一起，所以题号不一样按顺序排列。
2)另外，我删除多次重复的题号。
3)国际类（International）的两道题，我做了移动。
NO.11 大学题，移至Education --> Education & SocietyNO.13 语言题，移至Politics --> Others2.标黑体的题目是孙远推荐的练习题。
3.高频题根据寄托天下最新机经（2006.3.2）整理，包括2005年及2006年3月的题目：2005年频率在20次以上（含20次）或2006年1月至3月频率在3次以上（含3次）。
频率标注分为两部分，前一部分指2005年2月－9月的频率，后一部分表示2006年1－3月的频率。
非高频的孙远题后面也列出频率统计。
4.欢迎指正。
Redhobor 2006/3/5No.1 StudyStudy Methods (2)28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。
孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
新GREissue分类提纲-leader篇-原创
1.mental 的需要，才会去欣赏艺术。
科学家的成就，资金也很多来自于人们的taxwelfare更好。
2.反：a。
well-being难以衡量。
所以比拟不公平。
有的人觉得吃饱就是好，有的人还要求精神境界的提高。
B。
还有别的很多方面，比方说城市的建设，比方说各种系统的完善，教育系统等等。
人民对政府的信任程度。
The level to which thecitizens trust the leader.3.合：是一个方面，但是还有别的。
104-107 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.1.正：1.在很多领域领导是所有人学习的对象model or idol，对人们尤其是孩子有引导作用，因为他们在人们心中是几乎完美的形象，人们选他就是因为他道德的崇高，这种情况下正：比方：校长或者其他教育机构的领导，他们面向的对象很多是孩子，孩子们的价值观很多还没有fully developed，很容易受到影响，尤其是偶像的。
所以。
2.在有些领域好的道德能够促进开展，坏的道德会造成不好。
比方political干好事业，能够为人民着想。
2.反：1.在很多行业并没有要求很高的道德，只要符合法律即可。
看中的是能力。
能力好才能将这个机构带动起来，领导的根本目的不是自己本身的个人精神的喧哗，而是整个集体利益的提升。
比方商业，一个商人的好坏在于他能不能够做大生意，能不能够洞悉市场供求关系的变化及时作出决策，而不在于道德。
只要不违法即可。
2.过度强调道德会使得办事死板，不会随机应变。
道德在一定程度上是对人能力的束缚，highest的束缚就更大了。
人们本来应该可以发挥出的，结果束缚了发挥不出，本来可以解决的问题不能解决了，本来可以做的更好的只是做的一般。
3.要分行业。
能力也是关键。
新GREissue分类提纲 原创(政府)
5,7,19,31,50,55,60,63-67,69,80-88,86-116-139,115,125,86-50-115-139 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgement.1.听群众的：a。
人民的利益是政府官员首先要考虑的，官员们是为人民服务的。
他们是人民养的。
他们制定一切法律，行驶责任的目的都是为了更好的服务人民，让人民的生活更好。
B。
人民分布在国家的各个角落，能够更好的反应真实情况。
而officals因为职位的特殊性，没有时间和机会去真正的走进人民的生活，即使走进了，也不一定能够看到真实的一面。
比如一个官员要去一个district视察人民生活的情况，那个地方的负责人person in charge为了留下好印象，就将一些vagrant 赶出这个地方。
那么official就看不到真实情况了。
2.听政府的：a。
他们有专业的知识和技能，他们经过了专业的培训，经过了竞争，有头脑和判断的能力。
能够对整体的情况做好把握，分析利害关系然后坐出租正确的决策。
而群众的专业知识有限，很多时候只能看到表面现象，提议建议不专业，没有可行性。
B。
群众分布广，来自不同的地区和阶层，他们的提议只能反映自身的需求，不具有代表性，同时不同的区域和阶层的利益会有冲突，那么提议也就会有冲突。
所以如果听人民的就会造成混乱，不有助与社会稳定。
3.合：听取意见，再运用自己的知识。
63-67 There is little justification for a society to make extraordinary efforts----especially at a great cost in money and jobs---to save endangered animals or plant species.1.正：a.很多animals和plant是因为自然界的优胜劣汰，natural selection才会面临endanger的，他们由于不能够适应自然环境，不能够有效的being not able to reproduce，不能找到lack of food，或者由于predator而面临endanger，这些都是自然evolution的趋势，人不能够去人为的干涉，人不应该阻挡自然进程。
GRE考试：issue写作指导(提纲 模板)
GRE考试：issue作文重点题目和提纲gre issue 提纲“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”只相信智力是危险的。
【分析题目】拿到一个题目后，我们不要忙于去写，一定要先对题目进行详细的分析。
通过题目我们知道主要论证的是intelligence的作用，因此，智力是这个题目最关键的突破点。
【提纲1】A. 无可否认的，智力因素在各个领域都很重要，无论是自然科学还是社会科学。
(论据1)Undoubtedly, intelligence plays an important role in many realms, including the natural science and the social sciences.B.要想成功光靠智力是远远不够的，还有很多其他的因素如勤奋、勇敢等。
(论据2)Intelligence by itself is not enough for one to succeed; many other factors such as diligence and courage must be taken into consideration.C.应该在此二者之间寻求平衡，即将两者结合起来。
We should strive for a balance between intelligence and emotion, that is, combine them with each other.【提纲2】Position: Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.1、In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.2、However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.3、Sometimes our intuition can give us valuable assistance in making a judgment.GRE考试：issue字数gre issue 字数要求是怎样的?很多考生担心考试时issue 字数上不去。
GRE issue提纲—学习类
第五类学习1. "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。
1.Admittedly, under some circumstances disagreement with others can be counterproductive tolearning.2.Disagreement can also inhibit learning when two opponents disagree on fundamentalassumptions needed for meaningful discourse and debate.3.However, it is through debate that human knowledge advances whether at the personal,community or global level.---------------4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。
Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular groupThere is no doubt that different disciplines are interrelated and that the knowledge of one field can shed light on the studies of other fields.1.Knowledge of statistics was introduced into the fields of sociology and history, contributing tothe researchers in those fields.2.Literary critics borrow new ideas formulated by philosophers to further their studies.3.When biology and chemistry met, biochemistry came into being.闭门造车，旁观者清------------------------------14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."每个人都应该阅读诗歌、小说、神话以及各种各样的想象文学。
gre作文issue教育提纲完整版
将244 道题分为11 类，分别是传媒，国际，教育，科技，历史，社会，文化，行为，学习，艺术和政治，每个类别的题目数如下：传媒：6--------1国际：5--------1教育：35科技：21-------30历史：8---------30社会：47-------1文化：11--------30行为：62------31学习：21-------30艺术：10-------2+ （交流，例子）政治：18--------30对于一些比较笼统的分类，我们会在讨论写作提纲和例子时，给出更具体的细分，如竞争和合作，过去和现在，个人和整体，权威，学科关系等。
接下来，我们会给出每题不少于5个的写作提纲以及背景知识、例子，希望大家多多参与和多提宝贵意见。
教育类1(5). "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。
国家统一和地区单独安排课程Topic: except core course others be determined by different parts1)地方教育的好处：对地方政府，学校：更有动力；对学生，家长：选择面更广，培养个性对大学招生：喜欢多样性，不喜欢一个墨子，选专业不至于盲目+proverb P185/2)若没有地方教育，有不利方面：兴趣难以培养language survey,,贫富差异存在有代沟computer class3)过分强调地方也不好，国家的好处是：标准统一，容易确保质量，增加民族凝聚力4)则中方案时核心是国家，其余是地方，这样既保证了基本质量，又体现了多元------------------------------2(32). "A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts."不管在校园外不同领域之间薪水的差异有多大，学校对于所有学科老师的待遇应该是一视同仁的。
新GRE ISSUE重题翻译+提纲+例文
ISSUE新题库翻译&重题合并&范文GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 003 / 035 / 037Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
Position:有保留的反对不同意作者的观点，人应该按照自己的理想和兴趣选择自己的学习方向；但是有些时候教师的建议，也是值得考虑的。
1、由于老师不可能对每个人的性格特点都了解清楚，所以对一个学生未来职业的选择的建议也不一定是客观的。
2、就算老师很了解一个人的特点，但是人是会变的。
通过在学习过程，不断改变自己，很有可能把那么自己不是原来不是很擅长但是很喜欢的工作做好。
3、但是，老师毕竟经验比较丰富，做出的判断也往往是合适的。
所以，我们应该多听听老师的意见，然后加上自己的思考，作出自己的选择。
General statement:教育机构对学生的未来负有责任，应该尽可能的去帮助学生取得成功。
Thesis statement:帮助学生取得成功是教育机构的责任。
但是教育机构在帮助学生的过程中，应该更多的考虑学生自己对兴趣和对未来的选择，提出建议而不是力劝学生离开他们认为不可能成功的领域。
Development: 教育机构对学生的未来富有责任。
教育机构很难以区分某些学生在某些领域是不太可能取得成功的。
某些领域，可能目前来看不是成功的领域，但是若干年以后可能成功。
应该更多的考虑学生自己的兴趣。
兴趣才是成功的关键。
Giving a few second on interesting matter is better the spending an hours for boring issue”. It’s human’s tendency to work attentively and alertly on the issue which is of his interest and keeping him self away from annoying topic, even if it has been suggested and advised by many people. Interest and likeness of person matters a lot in his life.Every one likes to work in the field of interest and if we talk about students then they prefer the subject and faculty of their interest. In case of some students, they get confused in deciding that what is of their interest and what they choose for they expertisment. Availability of many option leads to this short of situation.After completing the secondary school education, it become very tough for students to select their main subject as a career option. As in their previous study there may be more then one subjects in which they are interested. So in this stage many influences effects on their thinking. What their colleagues are selecting as their field of further study, advices from parents and other relatives etc. take them to divert from their field of interest and catch up in any regardless field.This is where the Educational institution can come in picture and helps out the future of the country. Teachers and professors in education institutes has better vision to understand the interest of the students and guide them in proper way. And it has been reviewed that students consider their teachers advices more compare to other.Every one knows that “youth is the power of country”. To guide them in proper way is essential requirement for each country. If one intelligent student enters in the filed in which he should not be then he can not bring out from that situation and put him in proper place. In that case he works, but not with heartand interest. And this mistake become mater of repentance for him for whole life. And no gain in the development of the country become possible from him.So it is crucial for Educational institutes to help out student to lead them in appropriate future. There must be separate department in each institute to handle this stuff of guiding the students with highly qualified teachers. They should arrange Vocational guidance session to let the student to understand the filed of their interest and get information about there likeness. They must set arrangement to keep the students from being away from influences and listening words off heart towards their likeness. It also requires to give training to the teachers for this purpose.Without Acquiring the youth of country in proper manner, progress of the country is not possible And Educational institutes are the main source to lead the student in the field of their interest and likeness. So they have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 006 / 014 / 096 / 116A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
新GRE所有Issue题目的写作提纲
GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲第一类社会2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。
Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.1.Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress insociety.2.In democratic countries, when parties and candidates competefor power, the public benefits.3.Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control ofmores and laws, society will suffer.竞争对于社会的优点和缺点------------------------------3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。
Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.1.Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solvingproblems that immediately confront them.2.However, what differentiates human beings from otheranimals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.3.Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, eachgeneration should make its own contribution for thewell-being of future generations.当务之急和百年大计的关系------------------------------9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。
GRE作文ISSUE提纲
ISSUE 作文提纲-By William1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, theability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.1)Machines are superior to human in some aspects, can facilitateworking efficiency, and free us from repetitive works. Computer, assembling line.2)Machines rely on human mind to function. Thus, we human stillhave to think and instruct properly so that our purpose will be satiated.3)Relying excessively on technology appears together with indolent.It is controversial what causes what.2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, onemust study its major cities.1)Cities do have some major cultural essence and can represent thesociety to certain extend. Like Beijing and Athens.2)Most cities are multi-cultural, and the traditional thing may besubstituted by influx of fresh culture. New York, Shanghai, and Tokyo.3)To fully understand a society, a more holistic view must be taken.Study both the cities and the rural areas.cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade studentsfrom pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.1)It is educational institutions’ responsibility to enable students tobe qualified for future competition and help they form a comprehensive view about themselves as well as the field they want to enter.2)Whether it is likely to succeed involves various factors. Such astalent, interest, and perseverance.3)It is the students themselves to make the decision what to do inthe future.4.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems inways that no speaker or reformer ever could.1)Scandals do reveal some drawbacks of entertainment celebritiesand political leaders. In this sense, scandals help inform the public.2)Motivated by profitability, small or even famous presses fabricatescandals in order to promote sales. If this is the case, scandal will confuse the public and defame those celebrities with thing they have never done.3)People should distinguish defaming from debunking beforedrawing any conclusion about whether scandals are useful or not.5.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive thefinancial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.1)Major cities do need financial support in order to incite theeconomic development rather than preserve the traditions.2)It is equally possible that traditional essence will be found in ruralarea. People there are more pristine and preserve the custom better.3)Culture is representation of most of people in a society, so thefund should be invested to places where most people reside.Judge by city or rural area is a false standard.6.A nation should require all of its students to study the samenational curriculum until they enter college.1)It is true that certain courses are essential if the students want tofurther their education. For example, math, physics and computer.2)All the same curriculum would somehow suppress the students’interests and make them less motivated to learn.3)School should provide a combination of compulsory courses withselective courses.7.Some people believe that government funding of the arts isnecessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.1)Art is never supposed to be accessible to all people because of itsintrinsic nature of spiritual product.2)Money should be used for more important issue as hunger andaccess to clean water.3)Government itself is not a proper entity to support art since artwill be restrict and utilized for political purpose and lose its purity of aesthesis.8.Claim: in any field-business, education, politics, government-thosein power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.1)Rotating-presidency is an efficient way to prevent corruption andincite competition among the potential leader which in turn ends up more productive.2)However rotating would impair the consistency within agovernment or company, and this will undermine the policy durability and no long-term consideration will be available.3)It would be a favorable choice to make an eclectic choice.Implementing a strict supervision mechanism and evaluation system that guarantee that company function properly and suitable for creative ideas.9.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significantcontribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.1)It is necessary to master the previous knowledge about a certainfield in order to further its study and make significant contribution to that field. Like Newton, Bill Gates.2)However it is the preoccupied ideas that restrain our creativethinking and limit our innovation ability. Literature and design.3)There are some fields that pre-knowledge never ranks first on thepriority list. Singing-talent’s role may appear more prominent. 10.N ations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wildernessareas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.1)Human should bear some responsibility to preserve some of thenature habitat for wilderness. Conservatives for panda and Yellow Rock National Park.2)Extinction of wilderness areas and species could be explain awayby Darwin’s Selection Theory that it is normal to have species disappear from this planet and people should not try to protect them in sacrifice of everything.3)Conservation and economic gain never mutually contradict eachother. Establish Nature Park to stimulate tourism that benefits both nature and human.11.P eople’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their ownmaking.1)Motivation. People could be motivated by numerous stimulationsfrom human natural desire to moral and ethical sense.2)Regulation. Not all our will are legitimate and we have to obey therule as long as we are in this society. Want to do but cannot do.3)Obligation. Required to sate the responsibility and be a strong linkin the social circle. Do not want to do but have to do.12.G overnment should offer a free university education to any studentwho has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.1)It would be a favorable suggestion that students can obtaineducation without worry about the money they have to pay.2)Certain drawbacks are clear. How to define that who is qualifiedto acquire the support and those in power may have the chance to manipulate the money so that those in need do not have the money.3)Money should be given to solve more crucial issue such as hungerand access to clean water.13.U niversities should require every student to take a variety ofcourses outside the student’s field of study.1)Having various knowledge about several subjects is conducivethat inter-subject knowledge will help to broaden the horizon and improve working efficiency.2)Prepare them better for future careers since no career issingle-related and a broad view will help them stand out.3)Whether or not to choose a variety of courses should be studentsown choice and it is university’s responsibility to provide them with diverse courses rather than command them to go.14.A nation should require all of its students to study the samenational curriculum until they enter college.See 6.15.E ducational institutions should actively encourage students tochoose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.1)It is reasonable to take earning ability into account when choosingthe field of study. Family support, social status.2)Happiness is more important than money.3)Educational institution should focus more on enabling students tobe qualified for future competition and inculcating them knowledge rather than suggesting them what to do and what to be in the future.16.S ome people believe that in order to be effective, political leadersmust yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.1)Political leaders should remain on some of their judgment andimplement the policy consistently. They know the information that cannot be exposed to public, so their decision is more likely to be farsighted.2)Yielding to public opinion may lead to decrease in workingefficiency, because there will always be endless controversies.3)It is part of the leader’s role to serve the public. In this sense,leaders should take public opinion into consideration.17.F ormal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather thanset them free.1)Formal education is necessary because it enables most of theordinary people to have access to knowledge. University education.2)Creative mind and innovation instinct will voluntarily makesomeone to acquire knowledge wherever possible. From mass media, from daily life.3)Formal education does not restrain us, but on the contrary, itestablishes a sound foundation for further creation.18.T he well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its peoplequestion authority.1)Being reasonably skeptic is conducive in helping society todevelop. Because it provide different ideas from the orthodox andmight incite creative thinking.2)Over-skeptic will impede the productivity and impair the trustamong a society. Inter-individual relationship is undermined and upset the stability of society.3)Excessive skepticism may even contribute to commotion andupheaval which are devastating to a society and civilization.People will be eager to subvert the government and establish an alleged more equal and more democratic one.19.G overnments should focus on solving the immediate problems oftoday rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.1)Immediate problem ask for action for its exigent nature. Caraccidents, wars, and earthquakes.2)Long term problems are also crucial to be taken care of. Globalwarming and soil erosion.3)Government should value the significance of the problem ratherthan when or where does it happen. Solving immediate problems and anticipated problems are not mutually contradictory.20.S ome people believe that college students should consider onlytheir own talents and interests when choosing a field of study.Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.1)Interest and talent are significant because they are the bestmotivation that can make a student persistent about the field he chooses to enter. Bill Gates dropped out from university to develop Microsoft.2)Availability of jobs is also important because one has to beresponsible to support the family, maintain the social net work.That all need money which will be paid from the job.3)Choosing field of study is far more than considering solely oneaspect. It is indeed a multi-factor issue. Access to that field, prospective development.21.L aws should be flexible enough to take account of variouscircumstances, times, and places.1)Laws are not supposed to be omnipotent when dealing withdifferent cases. Laws are just a reference for judges.2)If laws are flexible which means the material and idea are morelikely to be substituted or revised, laws will lose their consistency and authority. Even worse, they will be easily interfered by power.3)It is reasonable to require justice rather than laws to be moreflexible and consider the motivation and circumstances under which the incident occurred.22.C laim: the best way to understand the character of a society is toexamine the character of the men and women that the societychooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.1)Heroes are the highest ideals of a society and it represents partlythe society. They stand for the best characteristic and ideal model of the society. Yao Ming, excellent but not average.2)Heroes and ideal models are always disguised when facing thepublic, so what people see might not be true. Good at some aspects but not omnipotent.3)Impossible to be someone like a national hero, so the hero in turndoes not represent the general public’s characteristic.23.G overnment should place few, if any, restrictions on scientificresearch and development.1)Scientific research is supposed to be disinterested and aiming atbenefit all mankind. In this sense, government not only should not restrict but also encourage and provide support for scientific research. Medical research.2)In the actual world, some researches are designed to devastateand disrupt others’ basic human rights. Weapons.3)Even if the initial purpose is beneficent, it might turn out to beundesirable after some other applications have been discovered.Nuclear power.24.T he best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignorenegative ones.1)Praising positive actions indeed will encourage conducting thisdeed again, and thus cultivating a favorable habit.2)Praising too often will make one feel proud or even supercilious.So it is a desirable way to teach that help one form a habit of committing positive actions.3)On the other hand, ignoring negative action may lead to severeconsequence. If one is not punished for having done bad things, he will take it for granted that it is reasonable doing such deed.Bullying-abuse-murder.25.G overnments should offer college and university education free ofcharge to all students.1)Free of charge education is undoubtedly a favorable solution tosolve the undesirable drop-out and will enhance the basic human rights as receiving education.2)Supporting education to the degree like free education is not anappropriate choice under certain circumstance where money could have been used to solve more crucial problems. Hunger, access to clean water.3)Government can support education without upsetting otherimportant issues that ask for money simply by providing tuition loan rather than free education.26.T he luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent peoplefrom developing into truly strong and independent individuals.1)It is how we define independent and strong that matter in thisissue. Conveniences of contemporary life indeed impede some of our abilities such as strength and speed. We no longer need to hunter or fight against each other on the battle using sword and spear. In this sense, we do retrograde some of our ability.2)Being inter-dependent is a more productive way for a society andthat benefits all the members living in it. People are more professional at what they do and with the help of technology. This state of a society is much more stable and solid.3)Now we are mentally strong and are capable of tasks that used tobe impossible even for ancient people. We can now observe galaxy and supernova under the help of telescope.27.I n any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert tomake important contribution.1)It is true that beginners are more likely to be innovative andcreative because they are less restricted by the pre-known knowledge. It is easier for them to think out of the box.2)Beginners have their drawbacks in making significantcontributions. Without knowing basic rules about a certain field, the laity’s voice may be as ridiculous as suggesting sending a manto the sun.3)Experts with certain traits are far more likely to makecontributions. Such as perseverance, innovation and talent.28.T he surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by theachievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.1)General welfare in by all means a significant indicator of thewell-being of a nation.2)Taking an insightful perspective, welfare of the general is merelythe side effect of the upper level’s contribution. Technology and regulation.3)The rulers, artists, or scientists not only made prominentcontribution to the society in the past, they will also determine where the society will go. Environmentalists predicting the global warming, physicists determine the prospective possible energy source.29.T he best way to teach –whether as an educator, employer, orparent-is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.See 2430.T eachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academicperformance.1)Academic performance is a crucial exponent when evaluating aschool’s achievement and assessing a teacher’s capability. Noble laureate alumni are always mentioned to attract more and better prospective enrollment for a university.2)It could be unfair for certain teachers teaching certain courseswhich are extremely hard to learn. In these classes students are not likely to acquire high scores as do in other classes, and such a relatively low academic performance is due to the subject itself, not the teacher’s ability to teach. For example quantum physics and topology.3)Relating academic performance to salaries may be misleading andcounterproductive to improving the education quality. Teachers will deliberately give higher scores to students in order to earn more money.31.S ociety should make efforts to save endangered species only ifpotential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.1)There are some species extinctions are attributed to humanactivities. We have deteriorated their natural habitat, disturbed the food chain and caused global warming.2)Undeniably is that there are extinctions which are not results ofhuman activities. According to Darwin’s Natural Selection Theory, it is normal to have animals extinct.3)We save the endanger species not because we are the cause oftheir extinction, but by accomplishing such action, we are able to maintain the diversity of nature, which in turn benefit human ourselves.32.C ollege students should base their choice of a field of study on theavailability of jobs in that field.See 2033.A s we acquire more knowledge, things do not become morecomprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.1)By acquiring more knowledge, the accumulation casts light uponnumbers of problems. Physics enable us to master construction and biology makes vaccine or even organ transplantation possible.2)While being able to solve more problems, it is indisputable thatwe come up with more questions asking for answers. Where is the edge, if exist, of the universe? Where is worm hole? Can we travel through time? Is superluminal possible?3)Things are complicated as their innate characters. Whataccumulating knowledge enabled us is not making things more elusive and impenetrable, but to equip us with the ability to find more questions that we seldom notice before.34.I n any situation, progress requires discussion among people whohave contrasting point of view.1)People share the same view will work efficiently with each other,and the group will be harmonious. Clubs summons people with the same interest and same ambition to be together, so they will work towards the same target like families.2)Different voices are valuable in groups. Because they are morelikely to be creative and innovative, and such characteristics are increasingly valuable in modern society.3)However on the other hand, being too stubborn to cooperatealways impede the development and far from being conducive. So on learn to tolerate the different view and cooperate for the maximum benefit.35.E ducational institutions should dissuade students from pursuingfields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.See 336.G overnment should not fund any scientific research whoseconsequences are unclear.1)Few researches can be anticipated before being carried out, andwhether the consequences are clear or not is not a favorable standard.2)Even the consequences are unclear or negative, researches stillworth funding for, because the valuable experience will benefit the coming generation and direct later researches. Noble’sresearch about safer explosive.3)Though some researches may bear clear and accessible fruit,funding for them categorically is still open to doubt.Clone-antihuman, nuclear weapon-devastating.37.S ociety should identify those children who have special talents andprovide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.1)Undeniable is that special training will make it easier for childrenwith talents to succeed. It is a waste to leave those talents dormant forever.2)Distinguishing talented children from ordinary children may be adiscriminating action. This action will have negative impact on both the talented and ordinary. The talented are more likely to be pompous and never take pains to do something, while the ordinary just feel abandoned.3)There are much more than talent to be taken into considerationthan talent, such as moral sense, social skill, and correct values. 38.I t is primarily through our identification with social groups that wedefine ourselves.1)It is our intrinsic nature to be part of a group in which we sharethe same trait with others. Boys like to hang out with boys and keep away with girls since primary school, and people love to join the interest clubs and fraternities.2)People share within the same social group help each other andstimulate each other to become better. Top students in high schools like to form study groups in which they have the approximate academic performance, and in these groups, students are inspired by each other to work hard.3)As we grow up and accumulate more experience, we are morelikely to be distinguished by characteristics other than interests and gender, which divide us into different social groups. We are more likely to be self-independent and define ourselves by the occupation, family background, and personality.39.C ollege students should be encouraged to pursue subjects thatinterest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.See 2040.C laim: When planning courses, educators should take into accountthe interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.1)Students are less likely to voluntarily sign up for difficult courses ifnot required to. However, these courses may be important.Physics, math and computer programming.2)Students’interests do count when arranging the curriculum.Motivation is indeed a significant role in stimulating a student to be persistent and fanatic. Bill Gates is crazy for computer programming and that devotion for numbers and structures in turn helped him build Microsoft.3)Being too extreme about either of the options, absoluteinterest-based or absolute experienced-based, is not a desirable choice. Educators should arrange some compulsory courses together with some selective courses which satiate the students’interests.4)Such suggestion helps professors to improve their teaching skillsand being up to date. Subsequently, the overall benefits or university and students will be satiated.41.T he greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who liveafter them, not by their contemporaries.1)Some great ideas are so advanced that cannot fit in thecontemporary society. Because the theory or idea is based on principle that are not pervasively acknowledged. Albert Einstain.He established a theory of relativity, which expended the frontier of physics tremendously. But such a theory was not comprehensively understood by more than ten people at that time.2)Some reasonable and conducive ideas are repudiated becausethey contradict the basic benefit of the ruling class. Copernicus’s theory about solar-centered universe instead of the pervasive earth-centered universe was more approximate to the truth, if not correct. Nevertheless, it offended the interests of the ruling class, the pontiff in this case.3)Undeniable is that there do exist some ideas that are appreciatedby the contemporaries. Bill Gates’s contribution to personal computer and Larry Page’s to internet searching engine.42.S tudents should always question what they are taught instead ofaccepting it passively.1)Skepticism is what enhances the acquired knowledge. Byquestioning the established theory, we scrutinize the equations and descriptions again and again.2)Help to establish new theories, and help form critical creativethinking. Copernicus’s heliocentrism.3)However, being too fascinated about skepticism will end up withcounterproductive result. Skepticism should be based on relatively reasonable questioning rather than innocent disturbance. America suspected the existence of weapons of mass destruction, so they invade Iraq without finding any such weapons.43.T he increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems thanit solves.1)Rapid pace of life is a hallmark of industrialization and issomehow inevitable. And such a development really improved certain aspects about our lives. We are capable of accomplishing things that were impossible and we significantly promoted the productivity and precision of our work.2)Serious problems that come with the advancement of society alsoappear prominent. Working pressure lead to headache or even suicide. In this sense, such a shift adds to the instable factors of society and upset our tranquil lives.3)Dealing with such a development and shift in lifestyle is more asubjective issue than a objective one. We should adjust our mental condition and adapt ourselves to this very rapid pace. 44.C laim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living manor woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.1)It is reasonable to claim that media has negative impact on thereputation of heroes. Medias are so dedicated to scrutinize every drawback of celebrities and heroes.2)Sometimes, media also plays a positive role in promoting a heroespecially when stability of society is at stake. After 911,earthquake.3)People are more reasonable and well-educated today, so theyunderstand that even heroes are ordinary people executed certain marvelous deed. The peccadillo does not really impair their reputations.45.C ompetition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learningat all levels of education.1)It does have positive impact on students. Since dedicated to gethigh scores in exam, students will work harder and improve their efficiency voluntarily. This competition will enhance their mastery of basic principles and rules of science and art.2)The fanatic pursuit of high score will post much pressure onstudents which in turn end up with serious mental disease.Solitary, amnesia, or even delirium.3)Purely devotion for high score will impede other developmentsuch as communication skills and health. Thus, a highly respected mastery of knowledge cannot be applied to reality. Meaning that this competition will not improve the productivity, if not hamper, of science and society.46.U niversities should require every student to take a variety ofcourses outside the student’s field of study.1)A significant separation between art literature and science has。
GRE-issue题库提纲
绿色黄色蓝色共20篇1、As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. + 不同情况讨论观点：有限否定1、科技确实对人有巨大帮助，减轻了人的思维负担：杂交corps 人和livestock都提供了足够的粮食,大多数现代人甚至完全不用考虑去哪获得食物。
思考减少了。
2、但是科技在带来解决方式的同时也带来了新的问题。
比如汽车带来的空气污染，北京有300万辆车，noxious气体block the sun并且给所有物体蒙上了shadow,科学家和政治家正在diligently work on it。
类似的还有nuclear issue,尽管带来了能源，也带来了erased human in the history的可能，因此要研究找到safeguard.科技带来的新问题不比解决的旧问题少,因此人类思考的能力不会下降.3、additionally，采用科技会inspire创新，利大于弊（outweigh）。
比如，给医生和患者提供了交流的platform,病人可以了解自己的健康，并得到简单的treatment。
是internet提供的便利使laymen也能接触到knowledge of highest achievement of human science。
结论:尽管科技解决了某些问题让我们不用再去contemplating,但由于带来了新的问题，同时foster创新思维。
因此科技发展不会impair人类思考的能力，只要正确运用.2、To understand the most important characteristics of a society，one must study its major cities. + 不同情况观点：有限否定1、历史上人们常常用technology and art来衡量一个社会是否先进。