Oxymoron_and_Paradox
unit 6The telephone(精读第二版) 答案
Unit 6Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. AccawiIV Key to ExercisesPreview2.Do the following exercises.1Translate, paying attention to the use of the bold type.1.这辆二手车买得很便宜。
2.他的讲话被打断/缩短了。
3.在这里建造铁路之前，先要把这里的水抽干。
4.这花瓶擦干净以后看起来就会和新的一样。
5.这房子被刷成了淡绿色。
6.就在此时，门被突然踢开。
7.恐怖分子被枪杀，人质都被释放。
8.在日本，鱼往往是生吃的。
9.这可怜的孩子生下来的时候就是聋的，不久又失明了。
10.据说在皇陵完工的时候，那些建造皇陵的工人都被活活埋在里面。
2Give the corresponding adjectives of the following names of countries.1.Iraqi2.Pakistani3.Yemeni4.Lebanese5.Danish6. Hungarian7.Belgian8.Argentine9.Swedish10.Swiss11.Norwegian12.Polish3Review how these words are formed.These are compound adjectives consisting of a noun plus an adjective with the noun serving as a modifier of the adjective. Jet-black for example means as black as jet (a hard black material).4 Point out the word or phrase that doesn’t belong in each line.1.crush2.crack3.crunch4.valueless5.click6.enthroned7.breezemitment9.career10.obliterate5 Complete the verb phrases by putting in prepositions or adverbs listed below.1.for2.up3.for4.for5.for6.for7.down/u p8.up9.into/i n/down/up10.up11.up12.for13.up14.in15.into16.into17.up18.up19.up20.in21.up22.for23.up24.into25.in26.for/up27.up28.up29.up30.in31.for32.in33.in34.up35.down/up36.into37.for38.into39.for40.into41.into42.for43.down/up44.up45.up46.down/up47.for48.in49.up50.up51.forVocabulary1.Translate the following expressions. Into English1.to crack the walls2.to save souls3.to play hide-and-seek4.to slow to a trickle5.to grab sb by the hair6.to call sb names7.to rip her shirt8.to reveal the secret9.to resist progress10.to come into view11.to gather firewood12.to talk sb out of doing sth13.to wriggle one’s way out of14.to run errands15.to deliver sb from suffering16.to assure a steady supply17.to take the pressure off sb18.to keep him out of one’s hairInto Chinese1.梯田2.多岩石的山脉3.百日咳4.周围的村庄5.林中的一块空地6.细粉尘7.羊粪8.粘乎乎的双手9.强壮有力的的妇女10.旌旗如林11.第一手的资料12.漆黑的头发13.一位虔诚的天主教徒14.家务事15.一种让人感到在家般自在的声音16.手卷香烟17.有利可图/十分挣钱的生意18.一家肉铺19.它往日风采的空架子20.一所教会学校2. Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text.1.gave way: caved inburied:trapped2.asked for: chargedprofitable: lucrative3.persuade him not to: talk him out of itobstruct: resist4. a quarrel: a argumentdeveloping: escalating5.sent to: relayed to / delivered togather: assemble/congregateshow their strong disagreement with: protest against6.become all skin and bones: been reduced to mere skeletonsrescue: save/deliver7.started to: began to/proceeded tovery seriously and carefully: with utmost gravity8.destroyed: ruined/devastated/wreckedtore: cracked/split9.prevent unwanted visitors from bothering you:keepunwanted visitors off your hair10.heavily crowded: packed with peoplesqueeze: wriggle3．Translate the following sentences into English.1.Incredible as it may sound, I hear that they charge 40 yuan fora bowl of simple noodles.2.Sun Quan finally talked everybody into agreeing to put Lu Xun,a young scholar, in charge of (commanding) this decisive battle.3.He was arrested on the charge of (charged with) smuggling, butin accordance with the law, no citizen can be arrested without evidence.4.She dropped the plate on the ground, but it miraculously didnot break, landing without so much as a crack. OR …not break. It didn’t have so much as a crack5.I can assure you that if we dig a well deep enough here, we willstrike water. So if you guys have no objection, let’s getstarted/proceed.6.She takes delight in shifting the tables and chairs in this roomso as to give the room a new look.7.The focus of our economic development has shifted from thecoastal areas in the east to the central and western areas.8.He shifted/changed to the highest gear, thus leaving all theother cars far behind.9.I maintained that smoking should be forbidden, but he disagreedbecause he said that the tobacco industry was an important source ofgovernment revenue.10.The local people raised a strong objection to installing thecable car over that beautiful mountain.4.Choose the right words in their proper forms.11. assure2.assured3.reassuring4.insured; ensured5.ensure; reassured6.reassuringly21.twisted/turned2.twisted3.wring4.distorted/twisted5.twisted6.twisted7.wringing3 1. gathered/assembled2. assembling3. gather; gathered OR collect; collected4. gathering; assembled/gathered; collectors5. collect/gather6. collect; collecting; collection4 1. crack; break2. cracked; tear3. tore4. split; broke5. break; Split6. tore/ripped7. torn51. abandoned2. abandoned/deserted/forsaken; abandoned3. abandon/desert/forsake4. desert5. forsaken; deserted6. abandoned61. ignore2. neglect3. overlook4. neglected5. ignore6. neglecting5. Point out which of the following sentences contain paradox and which oxymoron.1.paradox2.paradox3.oxymoron4.oxymoron5.oxymorons6.paradox7.paradox8.paradox 9.oxymoron10.paradox11.paradox12.paradox13.paradox14.paradox15.oxymoron16.paradoxGrammar1.Learn to use as and though as concessive conjunction.1Group the patterns of concessive clauses in the following sentences into the categories listed below.1, 2, 3, 6; 4, 9; 5, 8; 7, 102Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using the patterns of concessive clauses listed in the previous exercise.1.Simple as it is2.Much as he loves his children3.Try as he might4.Trash as it really is5.Happy and contented as they are in retirement6.Hard taskmaster though he appeared to be in the lab7.Tempting though it was8.Perfect talk show host though he is9.Much as I respect him10.Proud as they are of their father2.Learn to use “It is/was (high) time that sb did sth”.1Decide on the precise meaning of the structure.Note:The structure “it is/was (high) time (that)…” is used to convey two meanings. One is “approximately the right time”, the other being “past the appropriate time” For example, It’s time you went to bed can mean either that “You should have gone to bed much earlier” (often stated with emphasis on the word time), or that now is the appropriate time for you to go to bed. The precise meaning of this term depends on the tone of voice and/or the context.1,3, 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 8。
英文修辞手法介绍
英文修辞手法介绍英文修辞手法介绍1. 平行（Parallelism）在句子结构中使用相同的语法结构，重复使用相同的词语，以及使用短语或从句来表达相似的想法。
例如："I would rather be a meteor, something, every, every which way, all the way, bright, across the sky, every day, than just a grain of sand, lying there, shining for one day."2. 反复（Repetition）通过重复某些词语或短语来强调某个想法或情感。
例如："I am not a princess, I am not a slave, I am not a victim, andI am not a quitter."3. 押韵（Rhyme）在词语的末尾使用相似的音韵来组织它们。
例如："Round and round, and round and round, we go together, in the circle of life."4. 头韵（Alliteration）在词语的开头使用相似的音韵来组织它们。
例如："All that glitters is not gold."5. 隐喻（Metaphor）使用一个比较或类比来说明一个抽象概念或想法。
例如："He is a lion in battle."6. 明喻（Simile）使用像“像”或“如同”这样的词语来比较两个不同的事物或概念。
例如："She sings like a bird."7. 反问（Rhetorical question）使用一个问题来表达一个陈述或观点，而不是提出真正的问题。
头韵,谐音,尾韵,矛盾,隽语
A
9
▪ 2.Examples: ▪ (1). More haste[heɪst], less speed. ▪ (2). Love is cruel, love is sweet.
A
10
Oxymoron and paradox:
▪ (1) An oxymoron is a figure of speech which combines two normally contradictory terms,(proud humility, painful pleasure, a thunderous silence etc.) while a paradox is a seemingly contradictory statement or proposition which may nevertheless be true.
A
7
2.Examples:
(1)The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.
(2) The parental discipline can be described as cruel kindness.
1.Definition:
▪
Assonance is the repetition or
resemblance[rɪ'zembl(ə)ns]lables of a
sequence['siːkw(ə)ns] of words,
preceded and followed by different
Alliteration（[ə,litə‘reiʃən]） 头韵
高级英语修辞总结
Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。
例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。
Oxymoron,Antithesis,Transferred Epithet
Soul Sister
Two forms:
Group1: Comparison between two aspects of one thing （一物两面对照）
Group2: Comparison between two things（两物对照）
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Soul Sister
Group1: Comparison between two aspects of one thing（一物两面对照） Examples：
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Group 3: adj. + sb. / sth. →adj. + another thing
Examples：
1.the noisy friendliness of a pub ①The child was noisy in the morning. ②It’s a noisy place.
《愤怒的葡萄》
Soul Sister
Three forms:
Group 1: adj. + sb.→ adj. + sth. Group 2: adj. + sth. → adj. + another thing Group 3: adj. + sb. / sth. → adj. + another thing
Soul Sister
Group 1: adj. + sb. → adj.+ sth. Examples: 1. a murderous knife a knife used by a murderous villain 2. my wild days, my mad existence the days when I was wild and mad
Paradox_Oxymoron1(矛盾分析法)
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语言是生活的一面镜子，矛盾修辞法
是人的思想在一定的情况下充满矛盾和对
立的反映。
矛盾修辞手法的妙用在于揭示客观事
物的辩证规律，以及人们内心世界复杂心
理的矛盾和人生哲理。
表面上看，这种手法似乎不合情理， 相互矛盾，但仔细琢磨，则能领悟其深刻 的内在含意，给人耳目一新的感觉，具有 出奇制胜的艺术感染力。
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矛盾修辞法的构成及理解
由于矛盾修辞手法表层意思和深层含
义背离，理解矛盾修辞法有助于我们充分
领会文字或情感所暗含的复杂性。
下面主要就矛盾修辞法的结构形式以
及对它们的理解做一简单的介绍。
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在大多数的矛盾修辞法中, 两个看似矛盾的 词或词组紧密相联, 存在着修饰与被修饰, 说明与被说明的关系。但是在少数结构比如 形容词+ 形容词, 名词+ 名词的情况下, 这 种关系会弱化, 表现为并列的关系。从其构 成来看, 主要有以下几种方式:
3.副词+ 形容词 这种结构通常用来表示事态发展的性质、
状态、程度等, 用以衬托人物矛盾, 复杂 的思想感情。 idly busy 无事忙; falsely true 似是而非 / 似真还假 deliciously tired 美滋滋的疲倦 bitterly happy 苦涩的快乐
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(1) bitter-sweet memories
又苦又甜的回忆
(2) proud humility
不卑不亢
(3) a miserable, Merry Christmas
英语文学体 矛盾表达法
Paradox 荒谬的理论
Example Still waters run deep. 静水深流。 Sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind. More haste, less speed (haste makes waste) If we want peace, be prepared for war. There’s nothing permanent in life but change. 变是唯一的不变。 A creaking gate hangs long. 病夫多长命。
Difference between oxymoron and paradox
More: 1)condensed type (紧缩型)：oxymoron 2）enlarged type (展开型)：paradox
Thank you !ຫໍສະໝຸດ Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
1）是保护，还是破坏？ Some radical environmentalists are trying to save trees with sabotage (破坏).
某些激进的环境保护主义者为拯救树木而不惜进 行破坏，用含义相反的词概括起来。以破坏来拯 救，看似矛盾，但是这正是激进的环保主义者的 逻辑。这里采用矛盾修饰法，使事态的荒谬性更 加突出
Difference between oxymoron and paradox
2)relationship In oxymoron, the two contradictory words are put together. One is used to modify the other. E.g. parting is such sweet sorrow. In paradox, there is no such a relationship. E.g. deep hate comes from deep love.
paradox(似非而是的隽语)与oxymoron(矛盾修辞)的比较与翻译
paradox(似非而是的隽语)与oxymoron(矛盾修辞)的比较与翻译
比较起来，paradox和oxymoron都是特殊的修辞形式，主要用来增强文章内容的表达力度，从而使文章更加鲜明有趣。
Paradox是用两个或更多的对称的观点来挑战常见的想法，虽然它们很相似，但有一些不同之处。
最明显的是，原则上，paradox包括的双重含义应该可以被解释为相反的看法而不矛盾，但它也可以表达看似矛盾但实际上真实的双重观点。
例如“失败乃成功之母”，这句话暗示在失败里潜藏着成功的可能，而这两种概念又脱离不开，又似乎可以相容。
另一方面，oxymoron是将冲突的概念结合在一起使用，并以此来表达较为众口禁止说话的概念或事实，准确概括被表达的话题。
一般来说，同时表达这两个完全相反的观点，可以被视为一种矛盾修辞。
例如“贫穷的富人”、“快乐的悲伤”等，这些短语可以表达一些聪明的思想和智慧，暗示文章深层次的内容，以更有力的表达方式阐明观点。
综上所述，paradox和oxymoron都是用精妙的语言技巧来塑造文章内容，可以使文章显得更加有力和深刻。
它们都可以增强表达的表现力，从不同的角度来提炼空旷的想法，让读者置身其中得以自由感受其中的精神和趣味。
然而，它们之间也存在差异，paradox是两个或多个似乎矛盾的观点的结合，而oxymoron是将两个或更多冲突的观点结合以表达矛盾的原则。
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• 2)relationship • In oxymoron, the two contradictory words are put together. One is used to modify the other. • Parting is such sweet sorrow. • In paradox, there is no such a relationship. • Deep hate comes from deep love.
• For example ,a deafening silence.
Types of oxymoron
• • • • • 1)adj+n A wise fool Victorious defeat Cruel kindness Sweet sorrow
• • • • •
2)adj. + adj. A cold and warm embrace Cold and pleasant manner Bad and good news Poor an rich person
More examples
• War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. • The child is father of the man.
Difference between oxymoron and paradox
• 1)level • Oxymoron: putting self-contradictory ideas in a phase. It is the figure of speech on the level of phrases • Bitter-sweet memories • Paradox: putting self-contradictory ideas in the sentence. It is the figure of speech on the level of sentences • No news is good news.
• 2)a statement containing two opposite ideas that make it seem impossible or unlikely , although it is probably true. • For example, more haste, less speed. • 一个语句中包含对立概念 看起来不可能 尽管它可能是真的 • 欲速则不达
Definition of oxymoron
• A phrase that combines 2 words that seem to be the opposite of each other
• 它是把两个意思正好相反的词或词组来构成一个 修辞格，其作用是揭示事物的矛盾性，同时造成 一种出人意料 引人入胜的效果。 • 翻译是需要直译，也要照顾汉语习惯。
conclusion
• Types of Rhetoric method of contradiction(矛盾修 辞法) • (1)Condensed type(紧缩型)：oxymoron（矛盾修饰 法） • (2)Enlarged type(展开型)：paradox（似非而是的 隽语，悖论）
Effects of Oxymoron
• 1)emphasis on the contradiction of the substance • 2)express of feeling
Definition of paradox
• 1)A person ,thing, or situation that has two opposite features there for seems strange. 人或事 具有相反的特征 • It is curious paradox that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.
• 3)adv+adj • “How you shot the goat and frightened the tiger to death ,” said Miss Melin , with her disagreeably laugh. • It was a brilliantly boring lecture.
• • • • •
4)n+n A life-death problem Love-hate relationship Life-death struggle Fire-water state
• 5)v+adv • To detonate the time bomb, the police have to hasten slowly. • The moon shone darkly.
Oxymoron and Paradox
精警
Warming-up
• • • • • Sweet sorrow 甜蜜的忧伤 A wise fool 一个聪明的傻瓜 Victorious defeat 胜利的失败 Cruel kindnering lecture 出色的乏味的 演讲