2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类三
考研英语2010年TEXT3翻译
考研英语2010年TEXT3翻译In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.在《引爆流行》这本书中，作者Malcolm Gladwell认为社会流行潮流在很大程度上是由一小部分特殊个体的行为引起的，这些人就是人们常说的影响者。
他们异乎寻常的博闻多识，能言善辩，人脉广泛。
从直觉上讲，Malcolm Gladwell的理论似乎很有说服力，但是它没有解释流行观念的实际传播过程。
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.人们之所以认为影响者很重要，是因为受到了“两级传播”理论的影响，即信息先从媒体流向影响者，然后再从影响者流向其他人。
2010年考研英语一阅读text3
Text 31. 2010年考研英语一阅读text 32. 题目：Embracing My “Useless” College Education3. 内容：文章主要讲述了作者在大学时所学的一些“无用”的知识如何在日后她的职业生涯中发挥了重要的作用，并表达了对大学教育的珍视与尊重。
4. 概要：文章以作者自身经历为线索，分别讲述了大学时期所学知识和技能在她职业生涯中的发挥作用，以及对大学教育的看法，并结合实例进行论证，最终表达了对“无用”大学教育的珍视与尊重。
5. 构思：引用相关统计数字介绍当今社会对大学教育的盲目追求，对这种追求进行批判，并提出自己对大学教育的看法。
通过自身经历，阐述大学教育的重要性和价值，并以此来反驳社会对“无用”大学教育的歧视。
文章以对大学教育的珍视作为中心，穿插作者的亲身经历和相关案例，力求使读者认同作者的观点。
6. 关键词：大学教育、价值、珍视、职业生涯、无用知识7. 正文：Embracing My “Useless” College Education1. 当今社会，大学教育备受瞩目。
然而，随着社会的不断进步，人们对大学教育的追求往往变得盲目，忽视了其本身的价值。
而作为一名大学生，我深切地感受到了大学教育的意义和价值。
2. 在我大学时代，我学习了很多看似“无用”的知识，比如古典文学、哲学等，而这些知识在当时似乎与我未来的职业生涯没有任何通联。
3. 然而，当我步入职场后，我才深刻地意识到，正是这些“无用”的知识，成为了我的职业生涯中最宝贵的财富。
在与客户交流时，我所学的古典文学知识让我拥有了更丰富的话语表达能力；而哲学知识则让我更好地理解人性，从而更好地与同事相处。
这些看似“无用”的知识，却在我职业生涯中发挥了重要的作用，让我和我的团队取得了更好的业绩。
4. 大学教育还教会了我很多重要的技能，比如批判性思维、团队合作能力等，这些技能在我工作中也发挥了重要的作用。
5. 我对于大学教育是珍视和尊重的。
2010考研英语一阅读 text3
2010考研英语一阅读 text3The importance of efficient global networks forfinancial transactions cannot be underestimated. Modern computerized banking systems are incredibly complex andrequire the ability to transfer funds quickly and accurately around the world. This has led to the rise of international financial centers, such as London and New York, which serveas hubs for global banking and finance.One of the key features of these financial centers istheir ability to clear and settle transactions efficiently. Clearing refers to the process of verifying the accuracy of a transaction and ensuring that the necessary funds are available. Settlement, on the other hand, involves the actual transfer of funds from one account to another.Efficient clearing and settlement systems are vital for financial institutions to operate smoothly. They ensure that transactions can be completed quickly and that the risk of fraud or error is minimized. In addition, they allowfinancial institutions to manage their liquidity effectively, as they can quickly access the funds they need.Global financial centers play a crucial role infacilitating these processes. They provide a platform for financial institutions to connect with each other and access the necessary infrastructure to clear and settle transactions. This includes everything from payment systems and communication networks to legal and regulatory frameworks.London, in particular, has a long history as a global financial center and is known for its efficient clearing and settlement systems. The city is home to a number of prominent financial institutions, including the Bank of England and the London Stock Exchange. It also has a robust legal system anda favorable regulatory environment, which helps to attractglobal investors and businesses.New York is another important financial center, particularly in the field of investment banking. The city is home to Wall Street, the heart of the American financial industry. It has a well-developed infrastructure for clearing and settling transactions, including the Depository Trust Company, which provides clearing services for broker-to-broker transactions.In conclusion, efficient clearing and settlement systems are essential for the smooth operation of global financial institutions. International financial centers, such as London and New York, play a critical role in providing the infrastructure and regulatory environment necessary for these systems to function effectively.。
10年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇 text-3
2010全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Text 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Y et it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades" –the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on others。
2010年英语考研阅读第三篇
2010年英语考研阅读第三篇一、背景介绍2010年英语考研阅读第三篇是考研英语阅读部分的一道题目，是英语考研必备的内容之一。
这篇文章是考研英语阅读的一部分，通过阅读这篇文章，考生可以了解到更多的文学知识，提高自己的英语阅读能力。
本文将对这篇文章进行解读和分析。
二、文章内容概述这篇文章主要讲述了一个关于文学文化的故事，主要包括一些文学名著和文学名家的相关内容。
文章通过对文学名著和文学名家的介绍，展现了文学的魅力和文学对人类社会的影响。
文章还深入分析了文学对人类情感和思想的塑造，对人们的启发和教育的作用。
三、文章重点分析1. 文学名著介绍文章中包括了一些经典的文学名著介绍，如《傲慢与偏见》、《威尼斯商人》等。
这些作品是世界文学的经典之作，通过对这些作品的介绍，可以帮助考生更深入地了解世界文学的精华。
2. 文学名家介绍文章中还包括了一些文学名家的介绍，如莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀等。
这些文学名家在世界文学史上具有重要地位，他们的作品和思想对世界文学产生了深远的影响，通过对这些名家的介绍，考生可以了解到更多的文学知识。
3. 文学对人类社会的影响文章中还分析了文学对人类社会的影响，包括对人类情感和思想的塑造，对人们的启发和教育的作用等。
通过对这些内容的分析，考生可以了解到文学在人类社会中的重要地位，以及文学对人类思想和文化的重要影响。
四、文章结尾总结这篇文章通过对文学名著和文学名家的介绍，揭示了文学的魅力和文学对人类社会的重要影响。
通过对这篇文章的分析，考生可以了解到更多的文学知识，提高自己的英语阅读能力。
Overall, this passage cont本人ns a det本人led analysis of literature and its impact on human society. It provides an in-depth understanding of literary works and famous literary figures, allowing readers to appreciate the beauty and influence of literature. The passage also emphasizes the importance of literature in shaping human emotions and thoughts, as well as its role in educating and inspiring people. Through this analysis, readers can g本人n a deeper insight into the significance of literature in human society and enhance their English reading skills.虽然文学作为一种艺术形式，往往被认为是一种娱乐和审美享受的工具，但它同时也在深刻地影响着人类社会的各个方面。
2010年考研英语一阅读理解text3
2010年考研英语一阅读理解text3主题为”全球变暖“,文章共计计1250字，考察了全球变暖问题的起因、影响和解决方法。
以下为完整的文章内容：Text 3Global WarmingWe have already recognized that the world's climate is changing due to global warming. The average temperature of the Earth has increased by almost 1°C in the past century, and it is still rising. Global warming has been observed in many aspects, such as the increase in average global temperature, the rise in sea levels, the shrinking of glaciers, and the decline in Arctic sea ice. These changes have brought about severe weather events, such as heatwaves, floods, and hurricanes, which have had a significant impact on human health, agriculture, and the environment. The situation is urgent, and it requires immediate action. In order to mitigate the effects of global warming, we need to understand its causes and take effective measures to address it.Causes of Global WarmingThe primary cause of global warming is the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping into space, leading to a rise in the Earth's temperature. The m本人n sources of these greenhouse gases are human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels for energy, deforestation, and industrial processes. These activities have released large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, resulting in the enhanced greenhouse effect and the warming of the Earth's climate. In addition, the rapid growth of the global population and the increase in industrialization have further exacerbated the problem of global warming.Impacts of Global WarmingGlobal warming has had far-reaching impacts on the Earth's climate, ecosystems, and human societies. One of the most notable effects is the rise in sea levels, which is due to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. This has led to the flooding of coastal areas and the displacement of millions of people, as well as the loss of habitats for marine life. Moreover, the increase in temperature has caused changes in precipitation patterns, resulting in more frequent and severe droughts,heatwaves, and heavy r本人nfall. These extreme weather events have had a detrimental effect on agriculture, food security, and water resources, leading to food shortages, water scarcity, and the spread of infectious diseases. Furthermore, global warming has had a negative impact on biodiversity, as many species are unable to adapt to the rapid changes in their environment and are at risk of extinction.Mitigation of Global WarmingIn order to mitigate the effects of global warming, we need to take urgent and coordinated action at the global, national, and local levels. The first step is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, and by improving energy efficiency in transportation, buildings, and industry. Additionally, we need to increase the conservation and restoration of forests, which act as carbon sinks and help to absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Furthermore, we should promote sust本人nable agriculture and land use practices to reduce emissions from deforestation and agriculture. Finally, we need to enhance international cooperation and development assistance to support developing countries in adapting to the impacts of global warming andtransitioning to low-carbon, climate-resilient economies.ConclusionGlobal warming is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action from all sectors of society. By understanding the causes and impacts of global warming and implementing effective measures to mitigate its effects, we can work towards a sust本人nable and resilient future for the planet. It is imperative that we take collective action to address global warming and preserve the Earth's environment for future generations.1.表明文章主题2.全球变暖的原因和气候变化的表现3.全球变暖的影响：气候，生态系统和人类社会4.应对全球变暖的措施：减排，转型清洁能源，增加森林保护和恢复，推动可持续农业和土地利用，加强国际合作5.结论，提出全球变暖紧迫性和对策。
2010考研英语新题型小作文摘要
2010考研英语新题型小作文摘要一：现代化要求教师角色重新定位中国教育现代化的最终达成，相当程度上取决于作为教育主体力量的教师富于创新智慧的开拓性教育实践。
全球化教育语境迫切要求教师角色的历史性创新。
全球化已经并将继续催生教育基本理念的诸多深刻转换。
在知识观方面，全球化知识经济的新环境，使知识的创新和文明的传播出现了基于知识、注重更新、追求升级换代，并且知识更新换代周期短、数量大的新特征，这样，知识的传授从传统的过去时转向新颖的未来时。
在学习观方面，突破空间阻隔的国际互联网，正在并终将把全球的学校、研究所、图书馆和其他种种信息资源联结起来，构成一个庞大和复杂的资源库，以教师为中心的灌输式教学，将被以学习者为中心的自主式学习所取代。
个体的志向、兴趣和精神发展的种种需求，将上升为学习的主导性力量。
在教师观方面，随着全球化语境中学生个人的知识来源多元化，教师不再被视作知识的唯一拥有者和化身，其功能主要不是传授知识，而是引导和激励学生探寻、发现和创造性地运用知识，并与之和谐共享。
教师工作由传授知识变为开发学生智慧和精神资源，职责更为全面、使命更加重要。
这些教育理念的诸多变化，必然对教师传统角色形成新的挑战。
以全球化视角来看，教师所关注的并不是通常所谓的灌输条理分明的知识，而是保护使每个学生找到适合自己道路的环境条件。
由此可以管窥教师因其职责转换而引发的一系列角色创新。
首先，教师要成为学生教育学意义上的交往者，以平等的人格、除伪的语言，同步实行与学生的人际交往与心灵交流。
教师以平等的姿态接纳交互主体的差异性、独特性甚至是局限性，并将这些视作极其珍贵、极其重要的教育资源，而不是以严密预设的目标来封闭开放性对话的“边界”，因此，教师全方位超越了知识提供者、人生设计者之类传统的“权威”角色。
其次，教师要成为学生可持续自主化学习的有力促进者。
一方面，教师的教育价值在于引导和促进学生积极、主动地去求知。
这样，教师帮学生主动“要学”显然远比被动“学好”更为重要，因为前者才是促进学生坚韧不拔、穿越坎坷、有望建树的“可持续学习”，后者只是复制既往、重在守成的“维持性学习”。
2010年333真题答案
河北师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案考试科目:教育综合333一、辨析题1、答：培养目标是根据教育目的制定的。
这句话是错误的。
培养目标是根据教育的要求，依据各级各类学校的培养任务和受教育者的身心发展的特点制定的。
2、答：教师个体专业化的过程就是获得教师资格证书的过程，这句话是错误的。
教师的发展需要经历预备生涯阶段、专家生涯阶段、退缩生涯阶段、更新生涯阶段、退出生涯阶段五个阶段。
任何一名教师的成长过程并不是一帆风顺的，而是会遇到各种各样的困难。
需要解决在各种成长阶段遇到的困难并逐级的使个体专业化，所以并不就是获得教师资格证的过程。
3、答：人是教育的产物，这句话是产物错误的。
教育作为人类总体实践的重要组成部分，教育是每一个人都不可避免的活动，是其生命中重要的组成部分。
所以教育是人类所特有的一种有意识的社会活动；是人类有意识的传承社会经验的活动；是以影响人的身心发展为目标的活动。
4、这句话不太妥当。
气质是人的个性心理特征之一，是个体与生俱来的心理活动的动力特征。
包括多血质、胆汁质、黏液质、抑郁质四种特征。
每种气质类型都有各自的优缺点，我们并不能说哪一种气质是最好的。
5、这句话不太妥当。
定势虽然对问题的解决有使思维固定化，不寻求创新的消极影响，但是也不能因此而忽略其运用已有的方法快速解决同类课题的积极作用。
二、简答题1、课程结构，是课程内部各要素之间的内在联系和比例构成的。
而课程结构的优化即课程结构的合目的性改造，就是人们为了既定课程目标全面而充分实现对课程的所有内部要素和外部支持系统的整合。
其基本要求包括：（1）转变传统的教育观和课程观;（2）变革传统的教学体制；（3）改革不合理的考试制度；（4）建立科学的学校评价制度2、课程实践在本质上是一种价值创造活动，因而必须遵循一定的价值原则。
课程的价值是作为主体的社会和学生与作为客体的课程之间的需要关系的反映。
经过新一轮的课程改革后确立了全人发展的课程价值观，表现出一下特点：（1）注重课程目标的完整性，强调学生的全面发展；（2）重视基础基础知识的学习，提高学生的基本素质；（3）注重发展学生的个性；（4）着眼于未来，注重能力培养；（5）强调培养学生良好的道德品质；（6）强调国际意识的培养；3、心理问题的严重程度将心理不健康分为一般心理问题、严重心理问题和神经症性心理问题。
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2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类三
范文：
What is delineated in front of us is a pair of parents who are eager to cultivate their little child into a well-rounded person. The poor girl seems to have a quite tight schedule, as her father is teaching her how to paint while her mother is preparing for her violin class. The dullness of the kid's eyes portrays her unwillingness and dislike to learn so many things after school.
The drawing reflects a common phenomenon in China that parents are obsessed with the wish of their child's future success, which is, though, very understandable. Particularly due to the one-child policy, the only child is the greatest hope of parents and is provided with all the available resources. Meanwhile, we sadly discover that this generation of only children is deprived of what used to be the fun of childhood, like running around, playing various games with friends, and climbing trees, all of which are replaced by numerous tutoring courses and art lessons. Admittedly, an early and diversified education benefits children in exploring their potentials. Nevertheless, I strongly contend that children are entitled to enjoy a happy childhood filled with games and fun, instead of tedious classes. An appropriate extent of freedom can only do kids good, by promoting their comprehensive development both mentally and physically.
译文：
呈现在我们面前的是一对急于把他们的小女儿培养成为一个通才的夫妻。
这个可怜的小女孩看起来时间表排得满满的，她的父亲正在教她画画，而母亲正在为她准备小提琴课。
但是，这个孩子呆滞的双眼却泄漏了她不愿意在放学之后还学这么多东西的心情。
这幅图反映了一个在中国很普遍的现象，即父母们都望子成龙，尽管这是一个我们都能够理解的现象。
由于独生子女政策，这些孩子们都是父母最大的希望，父母给了他们一切可以得到的资源。
同时，我们却悲哀地发现这一代孩子被剥夺了属于儿童的快乐，如四处乱跑、和小朋友们玩各种游戏、爬树等，这些都被无数的辅导和训练代替了。
我们承认较早的多样化教育有利于开发孩子们的潜能。
但是，我强烈地认为孩子们应该拥有一个充满游戏和快乐的童年，而不只是乏味的课程。
适度的自由对孩子们是有好处的，可以促进他们身体和智力上的全面发展。
闪光词汇及词组：
well-rounded: adj.多才多艺的
tight: adj.紧密的
be obsessed with:专注于，专心于
understandable: adj.可理解的
available: adj.可利用的
be deprived of:被剥夺
tutoring: n.辅导
be entitled to:有……的资格
tedious: adj.单调乏味的
万能句型：
What is delineated in front of us is…
The drawing reflect s a common phenomenon…。