钢结构工程目测工艺(中英文对照版)
钢结构英文翻译对照
钢结构英文翻译对照第一篇：钢结构英文翻译对照钢结构部分术语中英文Steel structure 面积：area 结构形式：framework 坡度：slope 跨度：span 柱距：bay spacing 檐高：eave height 屋面板：roof plate 墙面板：wall plate 梁底净高: clean/net height 屋面系统: roof sys 招标文件: tender doc 建筑结构结构可靠度设计统一标准: unified standard for designing of architecture construction reliability 建筑结构荷载设计规范: load design standard for architecture construction 建筑抗震设计规范: anti-seismic design standard for architecture 钢结构设计规范: steel structure design standard 冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范: technical standard for cold bend and thick steel structure 门式钢架轻型房屋钢结构技术规范: technical specification for steel structure of light weight building with gabled frames 钢结构焊接规程: welding specification for steel structure 钢结构工程施工及验收规范: checking standard for constructing and checking of steel structure 压型金属板设计施工规程: design and construction specification for steel panel 荷载条件：load condition 屋面活荷载：live load on roof屋面悬挂荷载：suspended load in roof 风荷载：wind load 雪荷载：snow load 抗震等级：seismic load 变形控制：deflect control 柱间支撑X撑：X bracing 主结构：primary structure 钢架梁柱、端墙柱: frame beam, frame column, and end-wall column 钢材牌号为Q345或相当牌号，大型钢厂出品：Q345 or equivalent, from the major steel mill 表面处理：抛丸除锈Sa2.5级，环氧富锌漆，两底两面，总厚度为125UM。
钢结构检验资料中英文
《low-alloy high-strength structural steel》(GB/T1591-94) 《低合金高强度结构钢》（GB/T1591－94）《Carbon Structural Steel》(GB/T700-1988)《碳素结构钢》（GB/T700－1988）< Carbon Steel Weld Rods>(GB/T5117-1995)《低合金钢焊条》（GB/T5117－1995）<Steel Wire used for Weld>(GB/T14957-1994) 《熔化焊用钢丝Steel Wires for melt weld》（GB/T14957JGJ81-2002《建筑钢结构焊接技术规程》<<Achitecture steel structure welding rule>>《钢结构焊缝外形尺寸》（GB10854－89）<<Steel structure welded seam physical dimension>>( GB10854-89)《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50205－2001）<<Steel structure engineering construction quality acceptance rule>> GB50205-2001<< Steel structure high strength bolt connection design, construction and acceptance rule>> (JGJ82-91). <<钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计.施工及验收规程>>GB8923<<涂装前钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级>>Steel surface rusting grade and de-rusting grade before coating完工面漆：色泽均匀，无流挂、无漆雾、无污染。
钢结构工程施工_英文
Steel structure construction is a widely used method in modern construction industry due to its advantages of high strength, light weight, convenient transportation, and fast construction. Steelstructure construction involves the use of steel materials to build various types of structures such as buildings, bridges, and industrial plants. In this article, we will discuss the process and requirements of steel structure construction.The first step in steel structure construction is the design and planning stage. In this stage, engineers will analyze the project requirements, determine the appropriate steel materials, and design the structure. The design must consider various factors such as load-bearing capacity, stability, and durability. It is essential to choose high-quality steel materials that meet the required standards and specifications.Once the design is completed, the next step is the procurement of materials. Steel materials can be purchased from suppliers or steel mills. It is crucial to ensure that the materials meet the design specifications and quality standards. The materials should also be tested for their mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and yield strength.After the materials are procured, the construction team will begin the erection of the steel structure. The erection process involves the assembly of steel beams, columns, and other components to form the desired structure. The construction team must follow the design plans and specifications strictly to ensure the accuracy and stability of the structure. It is essential to use proper lifting equipment and safety measures during the erection process to prevent accidents and injuries.Once the steel structure is erected, the next step is the installation of the roof, walls, and other finishes. The construction team must ensure that these components are securely attached to the steelstructure and meet the required specifications. It is essential to use high-quality materials and construction methods to ensure the durability and weather resistance of the structure.After the construction is completed, the final step is the inspection and testing of the steel structure. Inspectors will examine the structure to ensure that it meets the design specifications and quality standards. They will check for any signs of damage or defects and make necessary repairs or adjustments. It is crucial to conduct thorough inspections and tests to ensure the safety and reliability of the steel structure.In conclusion, steel structure construction is a complex process that requires careful planning, procurement of high-quality materials, and skilled construction techniques. It is essential to follow the design specifications and quality standards strictly to ensure the safety, durability, and functionality of the steel structure. With proper planning and execution, steel structure construction can provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for various construction projects.。
中英文对照各种施工工艺大全
中英文对照各种施工工艺大全1、钢结构工程Steel Project1.1钢结构焊接 Welded Steel1.1.1工艺流程作业准备→电弧焊接（平焊、立焊、横焊、仰焊）→焊缝检查Process Ready to work→Arc Weld(Flat Welding、Stand Welding、Sidelong Welding 、Welding belief) →Weld inspection1.1.2钢结构电弧焊接:Arc Welding Steel:1.1.2.1平焊:选择合适的焊接工艺,焊条直径,焊接电流,焊接速度,焊接电弧长度等,通过焊接工艺验证;清理焊口:焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。
对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75°；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45°；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。
钢结构中英文(个人整理版)
钢结构中英文对照从施工规范及相关文件资料整理Leo-QQ-778468076材料钢板steel plate钢管steel plate垫板padding plate垫块backfilling地脚螺栓anchor bolt预埋螺栓embedded bolt螺母nut垫圈washer铆钉rivet螺丝钉screw高强螺栓high-strength bolt大六角头高强螺栓big hexagonal high-strength bolt型钢section steel，shaped steel自攻螺钉tapping screw波形屋面瓦wave roof tile钢丝网steel-wire mesh防腐材料anticorrosive material防火涂料fireproof paint防锈漆anticorrosive paint底漆primer面漆nominated painting构件零件part部件component构件element钢柱steel column钢柱脚steel column base钢支座steel support实腹式钢柱solid-web steel column带牛腿钢柱the steel column with bracket主梁main beam次梁secondary beam檩条purlin吊车梁crane girder系杆tie beam系梁tie beam屋架roof truss坡口groove屋盖roof system屋面板roof board，roof slab，roof plate天窗架skylight truss拱形屋架arch-shaped roof truss三角形屋架triangle roof truss梯形屋架trapezoid roof truss中拼单位intermediate assembled structure空间刚度单元space rigid unit环境温度ambient temperature预拼装test assembling连接connection螺栓连接钢构bolted steel structure摩擦型高强螺栓连接high-strength bolted friction-type connection 不焊透对接焊接partial penetrated butt weld焊透对接焊接penetrated butt weld焊钉（栓钉）焊接stud welding数据及单位抗震设计earthquake-resistant design层高storey height净高net height计算长度effective length计算高度effective height计算跨度effective span净跨net span净重net weight吨ton千克kilogram面积area立方的cubic平方（正方形的，矩形的）square容积capacity米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter微米micrometer工具及机械焊机welding machine自动焊机automatic welding machine自动埋弧焊机submerged arc automatic welding machine手动电弧焊机manual arc welding machine二氧化碳埋弧焊机CO2（carbon dioxide）shield arc welding machine 电渣焊机electro-slag welding machine焊条electrode锤子hummer力矩扳手torque spanner，torque wrench螺丝钳clamp电钻electric drill钻机driller冲击钻（电锤）electric hammer手动摇臂钻manually operated whipping driller磁力钻magnetic driller铣床milling machine碘钨灯iodine tungsten lamp安全照明灯safety flare空压机air compressor钢丝绳steel cable吊车crane（150t）履带式吊车（150t）crawler crane吊钩crane hook液压校直机hydraulic calibrator经纬仪theodolite水平仪（水准仪）gradienter，level安全防护安全网safety net安全帽helmet安全带safety belt劳保鞋hard shoes护目镜goggles防护罩shield安全手套safety gloves防护手套protective gloves绝缘工作服insulating coverall耐火工作服fire-resistance coverall耐酸工作服acid-proof working suit耳塞earplug焊接过程及焊接质量和其他除锈车间blasting workshop焊接weld焊缝welding joint焊缝质量等级quality grade of weld横向焊缝transverse weld对接焊缝butt weld缺陷defect变形deformation凹坑pit麻面pock mark夹渣slag inclusion，slag joint咬边undercut焊缝中未熔焊点non-welded welding裂缝leakage，crack气孔air hole表面瑕疵surface defect不正确焊接尺寸incorrect welding size返工rework外观质量appearance quality检测方法和试验焊缝无损检测non-destructive inspection of weld非破损检测non-destructive test射线检测ray test磁粉检测magnetic particle testing超声波检测extra-sound test放大检测法magnetic test色彩检测法color test放大镜（扩大20倍）magnifier （within 20 times magnification）破坏试验damage test物理和化学成分physical and chemical properties机械性能试验mechanical character test拉伸试验extension test弯曲试验bending test冲击试验colliding test金相测试metelloge test高强螺栓连接副set of high-strength bolt抗滑移系数slip merged of faying surface质量焊接标准welding standard误差tolerance尺寸偏差dimensional轴线grid line标高elevation，levelAA垂直度degree of gravity vertical for AA，verticalityBB 平整度degree of plainness for BB水平度level水平位置position不合格点non-compliance不合格项non-conformance相关对话句子1，These drawings are well done and complied with the requirement of the specification.这些图制作得非常好且符合规范要求。
(整理)中英文对照钢结构专业词汇.
中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 1 -Aacceptable quality 合格质量acceptance lot 验收批量aciera 钢材admixture 外加剂against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strengthbolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数aggregate 骨料air content 含气量air-dried timber 气干材allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 2 -allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure抗震结构层间位移角限值amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数anchorage 锚具anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算arch 拱arch with tie rod 拉捍拱arch-shaped roof truss 拱形屋架area of shear plane 剪面面积area of transformed section 换算截面面积aseismic design 建筑抗震设计assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构automatic welding 自动焊接auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋BBack filling plate 垫板balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距bar splice 钢筋接头bark pocket 夹皮batten plate 缀板beam 次梁中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 3 -bearing plane of notch 齿承压面bearing plate 支承板bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋block 砌块block masonry 砌块砌体block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构blow hole 气孔board 板材bolt 螺栓bolted connection 钢结构螺栓连接bolted joint 木结构螺栓连接bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构bow 顺弯brake member 制动构件breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度brick masonry 砖砌体brick masonry column 砖砌体柱brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙broad—leaved wood 阔叶树材building structural materials 建筑结构材料中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 4 -building structural unit 建筑结构单元building structure 建筑结构built—up steel column 格构式钢柱bundled tube structure 成束筒结构burn—through 烧穿butt connection 对接butt joint 对接butt weld 对接焊缝Ccalculating area of compression member 受压构件计算面积calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能力计算camber of structural member 结构构件起拱cantilever beam 挑梁cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化cast-in—situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构cavitation 孔洞cavity wall 空斗墙cement 水泥cement content 水泥含量cement mortar 水泥砂浆中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 5 -characteristic value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值Characteristic value of wind load 风荷载标准值characteristic value of concrete compressive strength混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土轴心抗拉标准值characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用标准值characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值characteristic value of permanent action 永久作用标准值characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load均布活标载标准值characteristic value of variable action 可变____________作用标准值characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值charaeteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值checking section of log structural member 原木构件计算截面chimney 烟囱circular double—layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 6 -circular single—layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索circumferential weld 环形焊缝classfication for earthquake-resistance of buildings 建筑结构抗震设防类别clear height 净高clincher 扒钉coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loadedsteel memher beam-column 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数cold bend inspection of steel bar 冷弯试验cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝cold—formed thin—walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢cold-formed thin-walled steel structure 冷弯薄壁型钢结构cold—rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋column bracing 柱间支撑combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值compaction 密实度compliance control 合格控制composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件composite floor system 组合楼盖composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板composite mortar 混合砂浆composite roof truss 组合屋架compostle member 组合构件中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 7 -compound stirrup 复合箍筋compression member with large eccentricity 大偏心受压构件compression member with small eccentricity 小偏心受压构件compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中conceptual earthquake—resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete column 混凝土柱concrete consistence 混凝土稠度concrete floded—plate structure 混凝土折板结构concrete foundation 混凝土基础concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比concrete wall 混凝土墙concrete-filled steel tubular member 钢管混凝土构件conifer 针叶树材coniferous wood 针叶树材connecting plate 连接板connection 连接connections of steel structure 钢结构连接connections of timber structure 木结构连接consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度constant cross—section column 等截面柱中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 8 -construction and examination concentrated load 施工和检修集中荷载continuous weld 连续焊缝core area of section 截面核芯面积core tube supported structure 核心筒悬挂结构corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀coupled wall 连肢墙coupler 连接器coupling wall—beam 连梁coupling wall—column 墙肢coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度cover plate 盖板covered electrode 焊条crack 裂缝crack resistance 抗裂度crack width 裂缝宽度crane girder 吊车梁crane load 吊车荷载creep of concrete 混凝土徐变crook 横弯cross beam 井字梁cup 翘弯curved support 弧形支座cylindrical brick arch 砖筒拱中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 9 -Ddecay 腐朽decay prevention of timber structure 木结构防腐defect in timber 木材缺陷deformation analysis 变形验算degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member结构构件垂直度degree of gravity vertical for wall surface 墙面垂直度degree of plainness for structural member 构件平整度degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度depth of compression zone 受压区高度depth of neutral axis 中和轴高度depth of notch 齿深design of building structures 建筑结构设计design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震强度设计值design value of load—carrying capacity of members 构件承载能力设计值designations f steel 钢材牌号design value of material strength 材料强度设计值destructive test 破损试验detailing reinforcement 构造配筋detailing requirements 构造要求diamonding 菱形变形中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 10 -diaphragm 横隔板dimensional errors 尺寸偏差distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面积雪分布系数dog spike 扒钉double component concrete column 双肢柱dowelled joint 销连接down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱ductile frame 延性框架dynamic design 动态设计Eearthquake-resistant design 抗震设计earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震构造要求effective area of fillet weld 角焊缝有效面积effective depth of section 截面有效高度effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt 螺栓或高强度螺栓有效直径effective height 计算高度effective length 计算长度effective length of fillet weld 角焊缝有效计算长度effective length of nail 钉有效长度effective span 计算跨度effective supporting length at end of beam 梁端有效支承长度effective thickness of fillet weld 角焊缝有效厚度elastic analysis scheme 弹性方案中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 11 -elastic foundation beam 弹性地基梁elastic foundation plate 弹性地基板elastically supported continuous girder 弹性支座连续梁elastic modulus of materials 材料弹性模量elongation rate 伸长率embedded parts 预埋件enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials局部抗压强度提高系数entrapped air 含气量equilibrium moisture content 平衡含水率equivalent slenderness ratio 换算长细比equivalent uniformly distributed live load 等效均布活荷载etlectlve cross—section area of high-strength bolt 高强度螺栓的有效截面积ettectlve cross—section area of bolt 螺栓有效截面面积euler's critical load 欧拉临界力euler's critical stress 欧拉临界应力excessive penetration 塌陷Ffiber concrete 纤维混凝仁filler plate 填板门fillet weld 角焊缝final setting time 终凝时间finger joint 指接中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 12 -fired common brick 烧结普通砖fish eye 白点fish—belly beam 角腹式梁fissure 裂缝flexible connection 柔性连接flexural rigidity of section 截面弯曲刚度flexural stiffness of member 构件抗弯刚度floor plate 楼板floor system 楼盖four sides edges supported plate 四边支承板frame structure 框架结构frame tube structure 单框筒结构frame tube structure 框架—简体结构frame with sides way 有侧移框架frame without sidesway 无侧移框架frange plate 翼缘板friction coefficient of masonry 砌体摩擦系数full degree of mortar at bed joint 砂浆饱满度function of acceptance 验收函数Ggang nail plate joint 钉板连接glue used for structural timberg 木结构用胶glued joint 胶合接头中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 13 -glued laminated timber 层板胶合木glued laminated timber structure 层板胶合结构grider 主梁grip 夹具grith weld 环形焊缝groove 坡口gusset plate 节点板Hhanger 吊环hanging steel bar 吊筋heartwood 心材heat tempering bar 热处理钢筋height variation factor of wind pressure 风压高度变化系数heliral weld 螺旋形僻缝high—strength bolt 高强度螺栓high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大六角头高强度螺栓high—strength bolted bearing type join 承压型高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted friction—type joint 摩擦型高强度螺栓连接high—strength holted steel slsteel structure 高强螺栓连接钢结构hinge support 铰轴支座hinged connection 铰接hingeless arch 无铰拱中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 14 -hollow brick 空心砖hollow ratio of masonry unit 块体空心率honeycomb 蜂窝hook 弯钩hoop 箍筋hot—rolled deformed bar 热轧带肋钢筋hot—rolled plain bar 热轧光圆钢筋hot-rolled section steel 热轧型钢hunched beam 加腋梁Iimpact toughness 冲击韧性impermeability 抗渗性inclined section 斜截面inclined stirrup 斜向箍筋incomplete penetration 未焊透incomplete fusion 未溶合incompletely filled groove 未焊满indented wire 刻痕钢丝influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compression member 受压构件承载能力影响系数influence coefficient for spacial action 空间性能影响系数initial control 初步控制insect prevention of timber structure 木结构防虫o中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 15 -inspection for properties of glue used in structural member结构用胶性能检验inspection for properties of masnory units 块体性能检验inspection for properties of mortar 砂浆性能检验inspection for properties of steelbar 钢筋性能检验integral prefabricated prestressed concrete slab—column structure整体预应力板柱结构intermediate stiffener 中间加劲肋intermittent weld 断续焊缝Jjoint of reinforcement 钢筋接头Kkey joint 键连接kinetic design 动态设计knot 节子木节Llaced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱lacing and batten elements 缀材缀件lacing bar 缀条lamellar tearing 层状撕裂lap connectlon 叠接搭接lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度large pannel concrete structure 混凝土大板结构中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 16 -large-form cocrete structure 大模板结构lateral bending 侧向弯曲lateral displacement stiffness of storey 楼层侧移刚度lateral displacement stiffness of structure 结构侧移刚度lateral force resistant wallstructure 抗侧力墙体结构leg size of fillet weld 角焊缝焊脚尺寸length of shear plane 剪面长度lift—slab structure 升板结构light weight aggregate concrete 轻骨料混凝土limit of acceptance 验收界限limitimg value for local dimension of masonry structure砌体结构局部尺寸限值limiting value for sectional dimension 截面尺寸限值limiting value for supporting length 支承长度限值limiting value for total height of masonry structure 砌体结构总高度限值linear expansion coeffcient 线膨胀系数lintel 过梁load bearing wall 承重墙load-carrying capacity per bolt 单个普通螺栓承载能力load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个高强螺桂承载能力load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个铆钉承载能力log 原木log timberstructure 原木结构中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 17 -long term rigidity of member 构件长期刚度longitude horizontal bracing 纵向水平支撑longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋longitudinal stiffener 纵向加劲肋longitudinal weld 纵向焊缝losses of prestress 预应力损失lump material 块体Mmain axis 强轴main beam 主梁major axis 强轴manual welding 手工焊接manufacture control 生产控制map cracking 龟裂masonry 砌体masonry lintel 砖过梁masonry member 无筋砌体构件masonry units 块体masonry—concrete structure 砖混结构masonry—timber structure 砖木结构mechanical properties of materials 材料力学性能melt—thru 烧穿method of sampling 抽样方法中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 18 -minimum strength class of masonry 砌体材料最低强度等级minor axls 弱轴mix ratio of mortar 砂浆配合比mixing water 拌合水modified coefficient for allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness of masonry wall 砌体墙容许高厚比修正系数modified coefficient of flexural strength for timber curved mem弧形木构件抗弯强度修正系数modulus of elasticity of concrete 混凝土弹性模量modulus of elasticity parellel to grain 顺纹弹性模量moisture content 含水率moment modified factor 弯矩调幅系数monitor frame 天窗架mortar 砂浆multi-defence system of earthquake-resistant building 多道设防抗震建筑multi—tube supported suspended structure 多筒悬挂结构Nnailed joint 钉连接，net height 净高net span 净跨度net water／cementratio 净水灰比non-destructive inspection of weld 焊缝无损检验non-destructive test 非破损检验中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 19 -non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数normal concrete 普通混凝土normal section 正截面notch and tooth joint 齿连接number of sampling 抽样数量Oobligue section 斜截面oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝one—way reinforcedor prestressedconcrete slab 单向板open web roof truss 空腹屋架ordinary concrete 普通混凝土ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam 钢梁整体稳定系数overlap 焊瘤overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算Ppadding plate 垫板中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 20 -partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝partition 非承重墙penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝percentage of reinforcement 配筋率perforated brick 多孔砖pilastered wall 带壁柱墙pit 凹坑pith 髓心plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构plane hypothesis 平截面假定plane structure 平面结构plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架plank 板材plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计plastic hinge 塑性铰plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数plate—like space frame 干板型网架plate—like space truss 平板型网架plug weld 塞焊缝plywood 胶合板plywood structure 胶合板结构中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 21 -pockmark 麻面polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 后张法预应力混凝土结构precast reinforced concrete member 预制混凝土构件prefabricated concrete structure 装配式混凝土结构presetting time 初凝时间prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构prestressed steel structure 预应力钢结构prestressed tendon 预应力筋<pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 先张法预应力混凝土结构primary control 初步控制production control 生产控制properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能properties of hardened concrete 硬化混凝土性能property of building structural materials 建筑结构材料性能purlin“—””—檩条Qqlue timber structurer 胶合木结构quality grade of structural timber 木材质量等级quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验quality inspection of masonry 砌体质量检验quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 22 -quasi-permanent value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值Rradial check 辐裂ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimatecapacity of section 轴压比ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column砌体墙柱高、厚比ratio of reinforcement 配筋率ratio of shear span to effective depth of section 剪跨比redistribution of internal force 内力重分布reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain forbolted connection 螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数reducing coefficient of liveload 活荷载折减系数reducing coefficient of shearing strength for notch and toothconnection 齿连接抗剪强度降低系数regular earthquake-resistant building 规则抗震建筑reinforced concrete deep beam 混凝土深梁reinforced concrete slender beam 混凝土浅梁reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构reinforced masonry structure 配筋砌体结构reinforcement ratio 配筋率reinforcement ratio per unit volume 体积配筋率relaxation of prestressed tendon 预应筋松弛中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 23 -representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值resistance to abrasion 耐磨性resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性resistance to water penetration 抗渗性reveal of reinforcement 露筋right-angle filletweld 直角角焊缝rigid analysis scheme 刚性方案rigid connection 刚接rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙rigid zone 刚域rigid-elastic analysis scheme 刚弹性方案rigidity of section 截面刚度rigidly supported continuous girder 刚性支座连续梁ring beam 圈梁rivet 铆钉riveted connection 铆钉连接riveted steel beam 铆接钢梁riveted steel girder 铆接钢梁riveted steel structure 铆接钢结构roller support 滚轴支座rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁roof board 屋面板roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 24 -roof girder 屋面梁roof plate 屋面板roof slab 屋面板roof system 屋盖roof truss 屋架rot 腐朽round wire 光圆钢丝Ssafety classes of building structures 建筑结构安全等级safety bolt 保险螺栓sapwood 边材sawn lumber 方木sawn timber structure 方木结构saw-tooth joint failure 齿缝破坏scarf joint 斜搭接seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管seamless steel tube 无缝钢管second moment of area of transformed section 换算截面惯性矩second order effect due to displacement 挠曲二阶效应secondary axis 弱轴secondary beam 次梁section modulus of transformed section 换算截面模量section steel 型钢中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 25 -semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接separated steel column 分离式钢柱setting time 凝结时间shake 环裂shaped steel 型钢shape factor of wind load 风荷载体型系数shear plane 剪面shearing rigidity of section 截面剪变刚度shearing stiffness of member 构件抗剪刚度short stiffener 短加劲肋short term rigidity of member 构件短期刚度shrinkage 干缩shrinkage of concrete 混凝干收缩silos 贮仓skylight truss 天窗架slab 楼板slab—column structure 板柱结构slag inclusion 夹渣sloping grain 斜纹slump 坍落度snow reference pressure 基本雪压solid—web steel column 实腹式钢柱space structure 空间结构中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 26 -space suspended cable 悬索spacing of bars 钢筋间距spacing of rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙间距spacing of stirrup legs 箍筋肢距spacing of stirrups 箍筋间距specified concrete 特种混凝上spiral stirrup 螺旋箍筋spiral weld 螺旋形焊缝split ring joint 裂环连接square pyramid space grids 四角锥体网架stability calculation 稳定计算stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression轴心受压构件稳定系数stair 楼梯static analysis scheme of building 房屋静力汁算方案static design 房屋静力汁算方案statically determinate structure 静定结构statically indeterminate structure 超静定结构steel 钢材steel bar 钢筋steel column component 钢柱分肢steel columnbase 钢柱脚steel fiber reinforced concrete structure 钢纤维混凝土结构中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 27 -steel hanger 吊筋steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member 方格网配筋砖砌体构件steel pipe 钢管steel plate 钢板steel plate element 钢板件steel strip 钢带steel support 钢支座steel tie 拉结钢筋steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋steel tube 钢管steel tubular structure 钢管结构steel wire 钢丝stepped column 阶形柱stiffener 加劲肋stiffness of structural member 构件刚度stiffness of transverse wall 横墙刚度stirrup 箍筋stone 石材stone masonry 石砌体stone masonry structure 石砌体结构storev height 层高straight—line joint failure 通缝破坏straightness of structural member 构件乎直度中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 28 -strand 钢绞线strength classes of masonry units 块体强度等级strength classes of mortar 砂浆强度等级strength classes of structural steel 钢材强度等级strength classes of structural timber 木材强度等级strength classes grades of concrete 混凝土强度等级strength classes grades of prestressed tendon 预应力筋强度等级strength classes grades of steel bar 普通钢筋强度等级strength of structural timber parallel to grain 木材顺纹强度strongaxis 强轴structural system composed of bar 杆系结构structural system composed of plate 板系结构structural wall 结构墙superposed reinforced concrete flexural member 叠合式混凝土受弯构件suspended crossed cable net 双向正交索网结构suspended structure 悬挂结构swirl grain 涡纹TTensile compressive rigidity of section 截面拉伸压缩刚度Tensile compressive stiffness of member 构件抗拉抗压刚度Tensile ultimate strength of steel 钢材钢筋抗拉极限强度test for properties of concrete structural members 构件性能检验：thickness of concrete cover 混凝土保护层厚度中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 29 -thickness of mortarat bed joint 水平灰缝厚度thin shell 薄壳three hinged arch 三铰拱tie bar 拉结钢筋tie beam 系梁tie rod 系杆tied framework 绑扎骨架timber 木材timber roof truss 木屋架tor-shear type high-strength bolt 扭剪型高强度螺栓torsional rigidity of section 截面扭转刚度torsional stiffness of member 构件抗扭刚度total breadth of structure 结构总宽度total height of structure 结构总高度total length of structure 结构总长度transmission length of prestress 预应力传递长度transverse horizontal bracing 横向水平支撑transverse stiffener 横向加劲肋transverse weld 横向焊缝transversely distributed steelbar 横向分布钢筋trapezoid roof truss 梯形屋架triangular pyramid space grids 三角锥体网架triangular roof truss 三角形屋架中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 30 -trussed arch 椽架trussed rafter 桁架拱tube in tube structure 筒中筒结构tube structure 简体结构twist 扭弯two hinged arch 双铰拱two sides edges supported plate 两边支承板two—way reinforced or prestressed concrete slab 混凝土双向板Uultimate compressive strain of concrete 混凝土极限压应变unbonded prestressed concrete structure 无粘结预应力混凝土结构undercut 咬边uniform cross—section beam 等截面梁unseasoned timber 湿材upper flexible and lower rigid complex multistorey building上柔下刚多层房屋upper rigid lower flexible complex multistorey building上刚下柔多层房屋Vvalue of decompression prestress 预应力筋消压预应力值value of effective prestress 预应筋有效预应力值verification of serviceability limit states 正常使用极限状态验证verification of ultimate limit states 承载能极限状态验证中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 31 -vertical bracing 竖向支撑vierendal roof truss 空腹屋架visual examination of structural member 构件外观检查visual examination of structural steel member 钢构件外观检查visual examination of weld 焊缝外观检查Wwall beam 墙梁wall frame 壁式框架门wall—slab structure 墙板结构warping 翘曲warping rigidity of section 截面翘曲刚度water retentivity of mortar 砂浆保水性water tower 水塔water／cement ratio 水灰比weak axis 弱轴weak region of earthquake—resistant building 抗震建筑薄弱部位web plate 腹板weld 焊缝weld crack 焊接裂纹weld defects 焊接缺陷weld roof 焊根weld toe 焊趾weldability of steel bar 钢筋可焊性中英文对照钢结构专业词汇- 32 -welded framework 焊接骨架welded steel beam 焊接钢梁welded steel girder 焊接钢梁welded steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel structure 焊接钢结构welding connection 焊缝连接welding flux 焊剂welding rod 焊条welding wire 焊丝wind fluttering factor 风振系数wind reference pressure 基本风压wind—resistant column 抗风柱wood roof decking 屋面木基层Yyield strength yield point of steel 钢材钢筋屈服强度屈服点。
钢结构工程施工项目英文
Abstract:This paper aims to provide an overview of the steel structure construction project, including the project background, design, materials, construction process, and challenges encountered during the project.1. Project BackgroundThe steel structure construction project is a large-scale project that involves the construction of steel structures for various purposes, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, and bridges. This project is a typical engineering project that requires careful planning, design, and execution.2. DesignThe design of the steel structure construction project is a critical stage that determines the success of the project. The design team should consider various factors, such as the project's purpose, location, climate, and load-bearing capacity. The design should be in compliance with relevant codes and standards to ensure the safety and reliability of the structure.3. MaterialsThe materials used in the steel structure construction project include steel beams, steel columns, steel plates, and other steel components. The quality of these materials is crucial to the success of the project, as poor-quality materials can lead to structural failure and safety hazards.4. Construction ProcessThe construction process of the steel structure construction project can be divided into several stages:a. Foundation construction: The foundation is the base of the steel structure, and its construction quality directly affects the stabilityand load-bearing capacity of the structure. The foundation should be in compliance with the design requirements and standards.b. Steel structure assembly: The steel structure assembly includes the assembly of steel beams, steel columns, and other steel components. The assembly should be accurate and stable to ensure the overall stability of the structure.c. Connection: The connection between steel components is crucial to the stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure. Various connection methods, such as bolted connection,焊接连接, and riveting connection, can be used depending on the design requirements.d. Coating: The steel structure should be coated to protect it from corrosion and ensure its service life. The coating process should be in compliance with relevant standards to ensure the quality of the coating.5. Challenges EncounteredDuring the steel structure construction project, various challenges may arise, such as:a. Weather conditions: Weather conditions can affect the construction progress and quality. For example, strong winds and heavy rain can lead to delays and safety hazards.b. Material quality: The quality of steel materials can affect the structure's stability and load-bearing capacity. It is essential to ensure the quality of materials before starting the construction.c. Construction technology: The construction technology used should bein line with the project requirements and standards. The construction team should be skilled and experienced to ensure the quality of the construction.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, the steel structure construction project is a complex and challenging project that requires careful planning, design, and execution. The project should adhere to relevant codes and standards toensure the safety and reliability of the structure. By addressing the challenges encountered during the project, the construction team can ensure the successful completion of the project.。
钢构工程施工中英翻译
The construction of steel structures is a crucial aspect of modern engineering, offering numerous advantages such as high strength, flexibility, and ease of assembly. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the construction process, highlighting key stages and considerations.1. Planning and DesignThe first stage in steel structure construction is the planning and design phase. Engineers and architects work together to determine the most suitable steel structure for the project, considering factors such as load-bearing capacity, aesthetic requirements, and budget constraints. During this phase, detailed drawings and specifications are prepared, outlining the dimensions, materials, and connections required for the structure.2. Material SelectionThe choice of steel material is critical for the success of a steel structure project. High-quality steel, such as mild steel or stainless steel, is typically used due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio. The material must be carefully selected based on the project's specific requirements, including the environmental conditions and the intendeduse of the structure.3. FabricationFabrication involves the cutting, bending, and welding of steel components to form the required shapes and sizes. Advanced machinery and techniques, such as CNC cutting and robotic welding, are often employed to ensure precision and efficiency. The fabricated components are then inspected to ensure they meet the required quality standards beforebeing transported to the construction site.4. Transportation and StorageOnce fabricated, the steel components must be transported to the construction site. Specialized transportation methods, such as flatbed trucks or rail cars, are used to ensure the safe delivery of heavy andoversized components. Upon arrival, the components are stored in a designated area, protected from environmental factors such as corrosion and weathering.5. ErectionThe erection phase is where the steel components are assembled on-site to form the complete structure. This process typically involves the following steps:- Foundation preparation: The foundation must be strong and stable to support the weight of the steel structure. Excavation and concrete pouring are carried out to create a solid foundation.- Component assembly: The fabricated steel components are lifted into position using cranes or other lifting equipment. They are then connected together using bolts,焊接 (welding), or other fastening methods.- Temporary bracing: During the assembly process, temporary bracing is often used to ensure the stability of the structure. This bracing is removed once the structure is fully erected and stable.6. Finishing and InspectionsAfter the steel structure is fully assembled, finishing work is carried out to enhance its appearance and functionality. This may include painting, coating, or applying protective finishes to prevent corrosion. Additionally, thorough inspections are conducted to ensure the structure meets all safety and quality standards.7. Maintenance and RepairOnce the steel structure is in use, regular maintenance and repair are essential to ensure its long-term performance. This involves inspecting the structure for signs of wear and damage, and making necessary repairs or replacements to maintain its integrity.ConclusionThe construction of steel structures is a complex process that requires careful planning, skilled labor, and advanced technology. By following these steps and adhering to quality standards, engineers and contractors can ensure the successful completion of steel structure projects, contributing to the development of modern infrastructure and architecture.Construction of Steel Structure Projects钢结构施工是现代工程中至关重要的一个环节，它提供了众多优势，如高强度、灵活性和易于组装。
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Visual Inspection Procedure目视检测工艺1. Introduction: 引言As in order to ensure UTE PECEM & ITAQUI Power Projects steel structures with qualified welds and as a result to get our own welding quality and welding control to a higher level, we will apply visual check, acceptance check to the welds fully comply with AWS D 1.1-2008 <<Structural welding code-steel>> and relative contract technical specification.为了确保UTE PECEM & ITAQUI. （电力工程的钢结构焊接合格以及让我们自己的焊接质量和焊接控制达到一个更高的水平，我们将通过焊接目测及验收使其完全符合AWS D 1.1<<结构焊接标准>>以及相关的合同技术规范。
）2. References and Standards: 参考标准Visual inspection shall be implemented with referenced to Table 6.1-Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria and Figure 5.4-Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles of AWS D1.1-2008. （目视检测参考标准严格执行AWS D1.1-2008中有关焊缝的外形及尺寸要求，如表6.1（目检验收标准）；图5.4（合格和不合格焊缝剖面形状）。
）3. Safety and Environment: 安全与环境3.1. In order to prevent from electricity harms, all the electric facilities and working piecesmust contact the ground, the operating area must be keeping dry, and the operators must wear gloves and rubber-soled shoes. Whenever damaged electrical wires was found shall be discarded right away.（为了避免电流噪声的伤害，所有的电力设施和工作件必须保持和地面接触，作业区必须保持干燥并且操作者一定要戴上手套穿上胶鞋。
损坏的电线一经发现应立即丢弃。
）3.2. In order to prevent from the harmful dust, fumes and arc, every operator must wearprotective equipments such as gauze face mask, glasses and etc. （为了防止有害粉尘，烟雾及弧光，每个操作者必须穿防护装备例如纱布口罩，眼镜等等。
）3.3. The operators shall wear earplugs to protect themselves away from noises in theshop floor. （为了防止自己在车间受到噪音干扰操作者需戴上耳塞。
）3.4. In order to prevent from any harms from molten metal, spark, welding spatter andheat arises in welding, cutting operation, the operators must wear boot (or otherwise with leg wrapping), fireproofing gloves and head (face) mask. （为了防止从熔融金属，火花，焊溅物以及焊接高温，切割作业中受到任何伤害，操作者必须穿靴子（或其他的腿部保护），戴上防火手套以及头（面）罩。
）3.5. All the steel members shall be stacked in a manner orderly, steadily and easy forinspection.（所有钢构件应有序，稳定的堆叠以便于检查。
）3.6. Enough lighting shall be furnished at workshop. Necessary lighting equipment suchas torch shall be furnished to check some hidden areas. （车间要有足够的照明。
必要的照明设备如手电筒可以检查隐秘的地方。
）4. Inspection Personnel: 检验人员资质4.1. Certified welding inspector (CWI) by AWS (check the PJP welds on columns andplate girders). AWS焊接认证人员（在圆柱和板梁上检验本分熔透焊缝）4.2. Certified quality personnel involved in construction industry. 从事建筑行业的质量认证人员。
4.3. Trained inspectors by the CWI, they will perform under controlling and supervising ofthe CWI. 焊接检测师培训检验人员，他们将在焊接检测室监控下工作。
5. Inspection Conditions: 检验条件5.1 The distance between eyes and the tested surface shall not exceed 600mm in directvisual inspection. The angle between sighting line and the tested surface shall be no smaller than 30°. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision.（直接目测检验时，眼睛与被检表面的距离不得大于600mm，视线与被检表面所成的视角不小于30°，使用镜子可以改善视角）5.2 The tested surface shall be given adequate lighting, generally not less than 1000 Iux.（被检的表面应有足够的照明，一般检验时光照度不得低于1000 Iux）5.3 Also the magnifying glass shall be used for tiny defect inspection.（可以使用2～5倍的放大镜，对细小缺陷进行鉴别）5.4 Such tools as weld leg scale, magnifying glass, flashlight, etc shall be used forinspection.（要配备检验的工具如焊脚尺、放大镜和手电筒等）6. Procedures to be Implemented: 检验程序6.1 Inspection prior to Welding 焊前检验6.1.1 Inspection of Trial-Assembly Components（预组构件的检查）①The groove forms, groove angle, groove depth and the blunt edges shall comply withthe requirements of WPS.（预组构件的坡口形式、坡口角度、坡口深度及钝边应符合焊接工艺及规范要求）②The fusion face shall be free from such defects like interlayers, cracks, damages, burs,etc. （坡口面不得有夹层、裂纹、加工损伤及毛刺等缺陷）③The groove of low-carbon steel and alloy steel as well as the neighboring areas within25mm shall be free from moisture, grease, dust, organic coatings, galvanizing or other foreign substances, which might damage the welding quality. （低碳钢及合金钢坡口及其附近25mm范围内的母材表面不得附有水份、油脂、污垢、有机涂层、镀层等影响焊接质量的物质）6.1.2 Assembled Components Inspection构件组对检查After components are assembled, the matches and gaps between the components shall be inspected. The unfitness, angle gap and distortion of butt joints, the length and gaps of lap joints and the gaps between T-joints and corner joints shall comply with the requirements indicated in 5.22 and 5.23 of AWS D1.1:2008. （构件组对后，应检查接头贴合面、组对间隙、接头错边、等进行检查；T型接头和角接接头的间隙应符合焊接工艺及AWS D1.1:2008中5.22及5.23的规定）6.1.3 Welding Materials Inspection 焊接材料的检查①Electrodes, wires and flux shall have Material Certificates or Re-test Reports and thequality shall comply with the requirements indicated in 5.3 of AWS D1.1:2008. 焊条、焊丝、焊剂必须具备产品质量证明书或复试报告，质量指标应符合AWS D1.1:2008中5.3条规定；②The electrodes and flux shall be baked according to Welding Consumable ControlProcedure (06361/HHSF/WP/22350/X./0722). （焊条、焊剂的烘干，应符合焊材管理办法的规范要求）6.1.4 Preheating Inspection 预热检查The preheating temperature shall be measured with temperature pens, thermometers, thermocouples or infrared thermometers, to ensure the preheating temperature, its extent and distribution complying with WPS (06361-HHSF-WP-22350-X.-0707). （预热温度应用测温笔、温度计、热电偶或红外线测温仪进行测量，预热温度、预热宽度及温度的分布应符合焊接工艺要求）6.2 Welding Inspection 焊接检验6.2.1 Welding methods, operations and sequences shall comply with WPS(06361-HHSF-WP-22350-X.-0707). （焊接方法、焊接操作方式、焊接顺序应符合焊接工艺要求）6.2.2 For manual arc welding, submerged arc welding and gas-shielded welding, thewelding parameters shall be checked to ensure their complying with WPS (06361-HHSF-WP-22350-X.-0707). （有线能量要求的手工电弧焊、埋弧焊及气体保护焊等应对焊接工艺参数进行检查，焊接参数应符合焊接工艺要求）6.2.3 Interlayer surfaces shall be inspected after cleaning, to make sure that the interlayersurfaces, joints between welding pass and grooves, and groove surfaces shall be clean and free from the cracks, slag, porosity, etc. （多层焊道清理后的层间表面应进行检查，层间表面、焊道与坡口的接合部位及坡口表面应清洁、无裂纹、夹渣、气孔等缺陷）6.2.4 Interpass temperature of welding passes that need preheating shall be controlled tobe the same with preheating temperature.（有预热要求的焊道应注意层间温度的控制，层间的温度与预热温度要求相同）6.2.5 For base metal required preheating, unwelded welds after a pause，the preheatingtemperature should meet the temperature required by the process before restarting welding. （母材有预热要求的焊缝，未焊接完的焊缝进行停顿，重新进行焊接前，须重新进行预热达至工艺要求温度）6.2.6 The surface shape of welds after back gouging shall comply with the requirements ofWPS (06361-HHSF-WP-22350-X.-0707), and the surface shall be free from defects like incomplete fusion, slag, porosity, cracks, etc. （焊接背面清根后的表面形状应符合焊接工艺的要求，表面不得有未融合、夹渣、气孔、裂纹等缺陷）6.3 Inspection after Welding 焊接后检验6.3.1 Inspection Tools 检验工具Welding inspection ruler, measuring gauges and other inspection equipments shall be calibrated and approved by Qualified Inspection Department.（检验时的焊接检验尺、量具和仪器必须经计量检定部门的检验合格）6.3.2 Inspection after welding shall be performed after welds cleaning to ensure the Weldsand the areas around free from slag and spatter.（焊接后检查应在焊缝清理完毕后进行，焊缝及焊缝附近区域不得有焊渣及飞溅）6.3.3 After welding, the weld length shall be inspected to make sure the actual weld lengthnot less than the required length in drawings and also to make sure the spacing between welds not larger than the spacing stipulated in drawings. （焊后应检查焊缝长度，焊缝长度不得小于图纸规定长度，焊缝间隔不得大于图纸规定长度）6.3.4 Visual inspection of welds surface shall be done prior to NDE inspection and sealinspection (if NDT is required). The acceptance criterion shall be as per Form 6.1 of AWS D1.1:2008.焊缝表面目测应在无损检查、密封试验前进行（有要求做无损检测时）；焊缝目检验收标准为AWS D1.1:2008中表6.1；6.3.5 If post welding heat treatment is needed, the heating rate, heating temperature,warm holding time, cooling rate, difference in temperature of various parts during different stages and the heat-expansion and cold-contraction in each part shall be inspected. The heating range shall also be inspected for welds that are local heat treated. Inspection results shall meet the requirements of Heat Treatment Procedure and Clause 5.8 of AWS D1.1:2008.（焊后热处理应检查加热速度、加热温度、保温时间、冷却速度、各阶段各部位的温差及各部位的热胀冷缩量。