2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
华中师范大学870计算机基础考研真题——10年
华中师范大学870计算机基础考研真题——10年2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题院系、招生专业：信息技术系教育技术学考试时间：元月10日下午考试科目代码及名称：848 计算机应用基础一、判断以下题目中的A、B、C、D哪一个最符合题意（每小题2分，共20分）。
1.C语言中，合法用户标示符是A W21B mainC returnD “abc”2.当a不等于0时，值为真的表达式是：A aB !aC a==0D a=03.错误的转义字符是：A ’\n’B ’\101’C ’\’’’ D’\108’4.以下程序运行结果是Main(){ int a=-2，b;Do{b=++a;If(!b) printf(“#”）;else printf(“*”）;}while (a<1);}A #*#B *#*C ###D ***5、执行以下程序段后，m值为：Int r，m=9，n=6;while (n!=0){r=m%n;m=n;n=r;)A 9B 6C 3D 546.若有初始化 int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5}，则值为4的表达式为A a[4]B a[a[2]+1]C a[a[2]]D a[3]+17.若有说明 int s[2][5]，n=3,则对数组元素非法引用是A s[1][5]B s[0][n+1]C s[1][4-2]D s[n-2][0]8.若有定义 int aa[3][4]，（*p）[4]；p=aa 则*（p+1）+2表示A aa[2][1]地址B aa[1][2]地址C 元素aa[2][1]D 元素aa[1][2]9.以下程序运行结果为void fun(char*s){s=s+2；*s=*s+2；}main(){char*a= ”12345”；fun（a）printf(“%s\n，a)；}A 12345B 12545 C345 D 54510.若a=3,b=c=4,则表达式（c>=b>=a）？1：0值为：A 1B 0C 3D 4二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.栈具有什么特点？试举一个实例，简要说明栈在程序设计中所起的作用。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)真题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and nark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. ②It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers’ productivity. ③Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect,” the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.①The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. ②According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. ③It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. ④A (n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers’ behavior 10 itself.①After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. ②The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.①It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. ② 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. ③When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. ④ 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. ⑤Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. ⑥This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] Contrary to [B] Consistent with [C] Parallel with [D] Peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D]h i t t i n gSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel atthe fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.①We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes[B] casual style[C] elaborate layout[D] radical viewpoints23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2①Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. ② received one for its “one-click” online payment system. ③Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. ④One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.①Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. ②In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. ③In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. ④It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”①Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. ②That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. ③Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move againstrivals that might beat them to the punch. ④In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. ⑤Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.①The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. ②The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.①The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. ②Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. ③The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to businesses.[B] their connection with asset allocation.[C] the possible restriction on their granting.[D] the controversy over their authorization.27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions.[B] It involves a very big business transaction.[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Para. 3) most probably means[A] loss of goodwill.[B] increase of hostility.[C] change of attitude.[D] enhancement of dignity.29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges.[B] are often unnecessarily issued.[C] lower the esteem for patent holders.[D] increase the incidence of risks.30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents.[B] Protection for business-method patent holders.[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents.[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.Text 3①In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. ②The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.①The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication” : Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. ②Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. ③The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. ④In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. ⑤Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.①In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ②In fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.①The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ②Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ③For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ④If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.①Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. ②They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics.[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems.[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends.[C] has won support from influentials.[D] requires solid evidence for its validity.33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions.[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public.[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.34. The underlined phrase “these people” in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence.[B] have little contact with the source of influence.[C] are influenced and then influence others.[D] are influenced by the initial influential.35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted.[B] The impulse to influence others.[C] The readiness to be influenced.[D] The inclination to rely on others.Text 4①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. ②Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.①Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. ②The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. ③And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. ④After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. ⑤These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. ⑥Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who question our motives. ⑦Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls the use of judgment by management.①European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. ②The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. ③Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did not live in a political vacuum but in the real world and the Europe could yet develop different rules.①It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.②Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. ③The truth will not be known for years.④But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical.⑤And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.①To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. ②America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. ③Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. ④The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. ⑤But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.[B] collect payments from third parties.[C] cooperate with the price managers.[D] re-evaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management.[B] the revival of the banking system.[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses.[D] the weakening of its independence.38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators.[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets.[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness.[D] sympathy.Part BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; theconsumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep atighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving Europeangrocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market?Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy. At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply theirgigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from thefood service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some largefood producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41. →42. →43. →44. →E →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, somehave been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’ Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Postgraduates’ Association”instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年英语（一）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. affected2. B. up3. C. act4. B. perplexing5. C. accounts6. B. matter7. D. so long as8. A. awareness9. C. enough10. D. by11. C. subjected12. A. Contrary to13. A. evidence14. D. misleading15. B. For example16. A. duly17. D. continued18. C. However19. B. tended20. D. hittingSection Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part AText121. B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.22. A. free themes.23. D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.25. B. The Lost Horizon in NewspapersText226. C. the possible restriction on their granting.27. D. It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. C. change of attitude.29. B. are often unnecessarily issued.30. A. A looming threat to business-method patents.Text331. B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.32. D. requires solid evidence for its validity.33. A. the power of influence goes with social interactions.34. C. are influenced and then influence others.35. C. The readiness to be influenced.Text436. A. follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.37. D. the weakening of its independence.38. C. act on their own in rule-setting.39. B. exaggerated the real value of their assets.40. D. sympathy.Part B41. B. Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.42. F. For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to。
昆明理工大学_355建筑学基础2010--2017年_考研专业课真题
昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)
考试科目代码：342 考试科目名称：建筑学基础
试题适用招生专业：081301建筑历史与理论、081302建筑设计及理论、081303城市规划与设计、081304建筑技术科学、440100建筑学硕士
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第 1 页共14 页。
温州大学运动训练学2010年考研专业课初试真题
2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题科目代码及名称: 622 运动训练学（A）适用专业：体育教育训练学（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）一、名词解释（每小题8分，计80分）1、运动训练学，运动员选材2、运动训练，运动竞赛3、运动能力，竞技状态4、适时恢复原则，负荷强度5、持续训练法，变换训练法6、最大力量，动作速度7、运动技术，技术组合8、战术风格，战术行动9、分解训练法，多周期10、运动训练原则，适宜负荷原则二、简答题（计140分）1、简述运动训练的目的与任务？（12分）2、简述项群训练理论的科学意义？（6分）3、现代运动训练的基本特点有哪些？（12分）4、简述竞技需要原则的训练学要点？（8分）5、适宜负荷原则的训练学要点有哪些？（10分）6、恢复的方法与手段有哪些？（12分）7、简述人体竞技状态发展的规律？（10分）8、简述力量素质及其分类？（10分）9、简述身体形态在运动员体能中的重要意义？（6分）10、力量训练的基本方法有哪些？（8分）11、简述技术训练的基本特征？（8分）12、战术训练的方法有哪些？（10分）13、战术训练中，如何培养运动员的战术意识？（10分）14、简述制定一份年度训练计划的具体步骤？（10分）15、简述战术的分类？（8分）三、论述题（计80分）1、试述快速力量与爆发力训练负荷量度的确定有何不同？（20分）2、请结合运动项目，谈一谈重复训练法在运动训练中的应用特点？（20分）3、如何抓好中学投掷项目运动队的训练工作？（20分）4、结合运动项目，谈一谈速度训练的基本要求？（20分）第 1 页，共 1 页。
浙江理工大学中外建筑史2010年考研专业课初试真题
浙江理工大学
二O一O年硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题
考试科目：中外建筑史代码：717 （*请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）
、、填空50（2x25=50）
1．最早见于我国史籍的佛教建筑是东汉明帝时（）。
2.我国现存木构建筑年代最早的是山西五台山（），782年唐。
3.斗拱分外内檐斗拱、（）斗拱、（）斗拱、（）斗拱。
4.明代造园专著《园冶》的作者是（）。
5.按尊卑顺序是重檐庑殿-重檐歇山-（）-单檐（）-单檐（）-
单檐（）-悬山-硬山。
6．明清故宫的三大殿为（），（），（）。
7．请讲出我国古典塔的几种形式：（）、（）、（）。
8.李诫写了什么书--（）。
9、中国古典园林叠石四种手法中的任意两种（）（）。
10.（）金字塔是古埃及最早的金字塔式陵墓。
11.西班牙巴塞罗那的米拉公寓是（）设计的。
12．密斯风格的主要表现是运用（）和（）为专一手段。
13．形式追随功能是（）提出的。
14．新陈代谢论是（）提出的。
、、作图及简答（10x6=60）
1、绘出“重檐歇山”屋顶
2、简单介绍阿瓦阿托。
中共中央党校2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题
中共中央党校2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：思想政治教育考试科目：马克思主义基本原理一、简释题（5题，每题6分，共30分）1、马克思主义2、生产方式3、劳动价值理论4、意识形态5、新经济政策二、简答题（4题，每题15分，共60分）1、“全部社会生活本质上是实践的”含义。
2、简单商品生产与资本主义商品生产的共性。
3、科学技术在生产实践中的作用。
4、恩格斯晚年关于无产阶级国家形式的思想。
三、论述题（2题，每题30分，共60分）1、苏联模式的历史贡献、缺陷及其对中国特色社会主义建设的启示。
2、社会化生产的一般规律对当前中国经济建设的指导意义。
考试科目：思想政治教育基本原理一、简释题（5题，每题6分，共30分）1、疏导方针2、社会控制3、无意识教育4、主观世界5、思想政治工作现代化二、简答题（4题，每题15分，共60分）1、简述思想政治教育的个体价值。
2、在思想政治教育中如何用好群众性精神文明创造活动这个载体？3、简述思想政治教育工作实施过程及其特点。
4、在思想政治教育工作中如何有效运用言教与身教相结合的原则？三、论述题（2题，每题30分，共60分）1、试述思想政治教育的功能。
2、结合现实，试述如何加强党对思想政治教育工作的领导。
考试科目：马克思主义发展史（含马克思主义经典著作）一、简释题（5题，每题6分，共30分）1、马克思的异化劳动概念2、列宁的帝国主义理论3、新民主主义理论4、科学发展观5、生态学马克思主义二、简答题（4题，每题15分，共60分）1、马克思恩格斯的“两个必然”思想同“两个决不会”思想的统一性。
2、列宁晚年对俄国社会主义发展道路问题所作的有价值的思考。
3、毛泽东是马克思主义中国化的开拓者和奠基人。
4、马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中强调“我们首先应当确定一切人类生存的第一个前提也就是一切历史的第一个前提，这个前提是：人们为了能够‘创造历史’，必须能够生活。
但是为了生活，首先就需要衣、食、住以及其他东西。
2010、2009、2008年浙江工商大学高分子物理与化学考研真题。七套!(吐血推荐)
浙江理工大学二O一O年硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题考试科目：高分子物理代码：925（*请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）一、填充题（共60分，每题3分）1．高分子链的构象是指。
2．与碳链高分子相比，当主链中含C-N键时，其柔顺性。
3．高分子的凝聚态只有固态和液态，没有气态，说明。
4．在高分子聚合物的晶体中，由于分子间力的各向异性，不出现晶格。
5．高聚物的结晶必须在与之间的温度范围内进行。
6．使高分子形成单晶，浓度要足够，结晶温度要或者过冷程度要。
7．球晶是高分子最常见的结晶形态，一般是由结晶性聚合物从或时，并且在不存在应力或流动的情况下形成的。
8．高分子取向是指。
9．高分子的特性粘度主要反映了与之间的内摩擦效应，其值决定于前者的性质，但更决定于后者的形态和大小，是一个与后者的有关的量。
10．温度升高对高分子的分子运动有两方面的作用，包括和。
11．假设有一聚合物样品，其中分子量为104的分子有10 mol，分子量为105的分子有5 mol，那么其数均分子量为。
12．熔融指数是用于表征高聚物熔体流动性高低的方法之一，具体是指。
13．假塑性流体是指。
第 2 页，共 2 页14．当温度升到足够高时，在外力作用下，由于，聚合物完全变为粘性流体，其形变不可逆，这种力学状称为粘流态。
15．硫化橡胶试样在周期性交变拉伸作用下，应变落后于应力变化的现象称为现象，对应于同一应力值，回缩时的应变拉伸时的应变。
拉伸曲线下的面积表示，回缩曲线下的面积表示，两个面积之差表示。
16．塑料绳子挂上一定重量的物品，就会慢慢地伸长；解下物品后，绳子会慢慢地回缩，这就是 现象。
它反映了材料的 和 。
17．共混高分子中，若只有一个Tg，说明两组分的相容性。
18．若材料中存在某些缺陷，在受力时，缺陷附近局部范围内的应力会急剧增加，这种现象称为。
19．高聚物破坏的两种形式中，脆性断裂的分子机理为，而韧性断裂的分子机理为。
20．拉伸应变速率会影响高聚物的应力－应变曲线，在其它条件相同的情况下，高速拉伸会使所测高聚物的强度偏、断裂伸长偏、弹性模量偏。
文学理论.西南交通大学硕士研究生招生入学考试2010
西南交通大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试卷试题代码：645试题名称：文学概论考试时间：2010年1月考生请注意：1.本试题共2题，共2页，满分150分，请认真检查；2.答题时，直接将答题内容写在考场提供的答题纸上，答在试卷上的内容无效；3.请在答题纸上按要求填写试题代码和试题名称；4.试卷不得拆开，否则遗失后果自负。
一、简答题(共4题，共60分)1. 请解释“缘情说”。
（12分）2. 请解释“以意逆志”。
（12分）3. 请解释“陌生化”，并举例说明。
（18分）4. 请解释“典型”，并举例说明。
（18分）二、论述题（共3题，共90分）1, 请结合文论史、文学史知识谈一谈你对文学的自主性、自律性与文学的他律论、工具论的认识。
（30分）2, “近年来，人们更多地将注意力集中到文学经典的建构方面。
批评家们尤其探讨了与经典密切相关的教育、阶级、经济、种族、伦理、殖民与性别差异等问题。
这导致了对经典自身以及文学评价何以发生的范围广泛的重估。
神圣不可侵犯的文学评价观念已经解体。
我们对审美领域非个人化的与自治性的感受也无可避免地复杂化了。
我们更多地被提醒，我们个体的判断受到社会、政治与风俗的制约。
我们更多地被提醒，经典只是一种建构。
”［（英）安德鲁•本尼特，尼古拉•罗伊尔，《关键词文学、批评与理论导论》，汪正龙、李永新译，桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2007，第47页］而面对上述倾向，美国学者哈罗德•布鲁姆“力主一种顽强的抵抗，其惟一目的是尽可能保存诗的完整和纯粹。
”他认为，“只有审美的力量才能透入经典，而这力量又主要是一种混合力：娴熟的形象语言、原创性、认知能力、知识以及丰富的词汇。
”“假如我们读经典是为了形成社会的、政治的或个人的道德价值，那我坚信大家都会变成自私和压榨的怪物。
我认为，为了服膺意识形态而阅读根本不能算阅读。
获得审美力量能让我们知道如何对自己说话和怎样承受自己。
”（第13、20、21页）［（美）哈罗德•布鲁姆，《西方正典》，江宁康译，南京：译林出版社，2005］问题：请结合上述两段文字谈一谈你对经典的看法。
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（1）“不是A，就是B”与“不是A，而是B”
（2）“要么A，要么B”与“或者A，或者B”
7.举例说明借代和借喻的区别。
四、论述题（每题30分，共60分）
1.现代汉语规范化的标准是什么？有学者认为，“琴”字左ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้角“王”字最后一笔应由“横”变为“提”，“奥巴马”(英文：Obama)应改译为“欧巴马”，“差点儿没摔倒”应改成“差点儿摔倒”。谈谈你对这类语言文字现象的看法。
5．“态度很端正”和“端正了态度”中的两个“端正”，“打了一斤油”和“打这儿往西”中的两个“打”分别是词的()。
A．兼类现象和同音现象B．同音现象和兼类现象
C．兼类现象和活用现象D．活用现象和兼类现象
6.都属于区别词的一组是（）。
A．自然、偶然、现在、刚才
B．陆续、努力、经常、伟大
C．长久、平等、高级、低级
D．初级、中级、家用、小型
7．不是方位短语的一组是（）。
A．桌子上、箱子里、车厢下面
B．五十以下、松树旁、比赛中
C．晚上、心里、海外
D．两米之内、政治上、大门前
第1页，共3页
2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 614现代汉语（A）适用专业：汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学
请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效
A．休、涉、从、益B．本、上、取、问
C．鸟、种、众、刃D．恭、较、淼、甘
3.“蝴蝶在西双版纳的森林里飞舞”这句话包含的语素共有（）。
A．9个B．8个C．7个D．11个
4.“底蕴、元音、休克”三个词分别属于（）。
A．古语词、外来词、方言词B.古语词、行业语、外来词
C．外来词、行业语、方言词D.方言词、行业语、外来词
A．除非杂技演员，才能在钢丝上骑车。
B．我回家的时候，小张已经走了。
C．后来我总算学会了如何去爱，可惜你早已远去消失在人海。
D．小兵和小武，她的两个儿子，都在上海读书。
二、判断题（在题后括号内用“√”表示正确，用“×”表示错误。每题1分，共10分）
1.“zhī”（之）、“zǐ”（子）和“rì”（日）等音节中的韵母按四呼归类应该归入齐齿呼。（）
请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效
8.“写得好”是述补短语，其中的补语可以是状态补语，也可以是可能补语。（）
9.语用上的省略不改变句型，如省略了主语的变式句仍是主谓句。语用上的倒装也不改变句型，如主谓倒装句仍是主谓句。（）
10.“我知道，如果我认真地去咀嚼科长的话，我自己的良心会受不住的。”这是个表示假设关系的复句。（）
8．“他浪费了一个小时”和“他工作了一个小时”中的“一个小时”分别是（）。
A.补语、补语B.宾语、宾语
C.宾语、补语D.补语、宾语
9.下列问句属于正反问句的是（）。
A．隔壁班的那个男孩，怎么还没经过我的窗前？
B．你知道我在等你吗？
C．许多年以后，能不能接受彼此的改变？
D．他的话是真的，还是假的？
10.下列句子属于复句的是（）。
2.副词有时也跟名词或名词性成分组合，如：“人不人，鬼不鬼的”，“最前头”，“最底层”，“今天才星期二”，“共50个学生”，“院子里净杂草”，“很女人”，“很淑女”，“最老百姓”等。副词修饰名词或名词性成分是否要受到语义等条件的限制？这类语法现象产生的动因是什么？谈谈你对这类语法现象的看法。
第3页，共3页
三、简答题（每题10分，共70分）
1.简述共同语与方言的关系。
2.分析普通话中下列各组音素的异同：
（1）d和t（2）sh和r（3）o和e（4）u和ü
3.为什么说汉字是表意体系的文字？
4.简述现代汉语词汇方面的特点。
5.用层次分析法分析下列短语，如有歧义请作不同分析：
（1）小张高兴得跳了起来（2）他知道这件事不要紧
2.押韵的“韵”是指韵母，韵母相同或相近都可算作押韵。（）
3.“笔画——笔划”、“人才——人材”、“倒霉——倒楣”、“推诿——推委”都是同音、同义而异形的异形词，因而是汉字定形中应该整理的对象。（）
4.合成词“巨蜥”、“蛛网”和“中巴”、“面的”的形成，都是由于汉语联绵词和音译词音节语素化的结果。（）
2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 614现代汉语（A）适用专业：汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学
请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）
1.普通话中“衣”、“移”、“以”、“亿”的不同，主要是（）的不同。
A．音高B．音强C．音长D．音色
2.属于会意字的一组汉字是（）。
5.“姥姥、太太、姐姐、舅舅、爷爷”都是重叠式合成词。（）
6.“抬头、小灶、黄花、小车”等语言形式都有词和短语两重性。（）
7.“他是踢足球的”中的“的”是助词，“他会踢足球的”中的“的”是语气词。（）
第2页，共3页
2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 614现代汉语（A）适用专业：汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学