The Great Tragedies1
英美文学Lecture 2 英国文学,莎士比亚 (1)
The English Renaissance
The English Renaissance stretched from later 15th century to early 17th century. From the first half of the 16th century, the English Renaissance began to develop into a flowering of literature.
Shakespeare’s Literary Position
Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature.
The Fourth Period (1608-1612)
The fourth period of Shakespeare’s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation plays”.
The Third Period (1601-1607)
The third period of Shakespeare’s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies. Major works written in this period: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra
英国文学史及选读之文学史作品及作者
作家及作品1.the first epic in the English history：the song of Beowulf2.Romance传奇：Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableKing Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableSir Gawain and the Green Knight3. Popular Ballads民谣：The Robin Hood Ballad4. Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里·乔索：The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇The Book of the Duchess悼公爵夫人Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集5.Thomas More托马斯莫尔：Utopia乌托邦book onebook two6.William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚：the great comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night第十二夜The great tragedies：Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello奥塞罗King Lear 李尔王Macbeth 麦克白Henry VI; Part II; III; I 亨利六世上、中、下Richard III 里查德三世The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧错中错Titus Andronicus 克斯泰特斯·安庄尼The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍妇The Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士Love’s Labor’s Lost 爱的徒劳空爱一场Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Richard II 里查德二世King John 约翰王Much Ado about Nothing无事生非Henry IV; Part I; Henry IV; Part II 亨利四世Henry V 亨利五世The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流女人Julius Caesar凯撒大帝As You Like It如愿皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜Troilus and Cressida 特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达All’s Well That Ends Well 终成眷属Measure for Measure 恶有恶报一报还一报Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯Timon of Athens 雅典的泰蒙Pericles波里克利斯Cymbeline辛柏林The Winter’s Tales冬天的故事The Tempest暴风雨Henry VIII亨利八世7.Francis Bacon：the first English essayistOf truth 论真理Of studies 论学习Love;truth ;friendship ;parents ;children ;beauty ;studies ;riches ;youth ;age ;garden ;death and others8.John Donne：the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetryFlea 跳骚Others：George HerbertAndrew MarvellHenry Vaughan9.John Milton：Paradise Lost 失乐园Paradise Regained 复乐园Samson AgonistesLycidas10.John Bunyan约翰·班扬：Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner罪人受恩记功德无量Pilgrim’s Pr ogress 天路历程The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 恶人先生的生平和死亡贝德曼先生的一生The Holy War 神圣战争11.Daniel Defoe：father of English novelRobinson CrusoeThe shortest way with the dissentersCaptain SingletonColonel JacqueMoll Flanders12.Jonathan Swift： A Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事乔纳森·斯威夫特Battle of Books 书的战争书战Predictions for the Year 1708 对1708的预言Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff 比克斯塔夫先生第一个预言的应验Gulliver’s Travels格林佛游记The Drapier’s Letters 一个麻布商的书信A Modest Proposal 一个小小的建议13.Joseph Addison：writer and a great stylist.约瑟夫·艾迪生 A Letter from Italy 意大利来鸿“The Campaign”“出征”; best-known poem in heroic coupletRosamond 罗沙蒙The Spectator 旁观者; a daily paperCato 卡托 a tragedyAddison and Steele : epistolary novel书信体小说14. Henry Fielding ：Joseph Andrews约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历comic epic poem in prose散文体滑稽史诗亨利·菲尔丁Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德Tom Jones 汤姆˙琼斯Amelia 阿米丽亚Plays ：The Welsh Opera 威尔斯歌剧Don Quixote in England 唐·吉诃德在英国Pasqin 巴斯昆The Historical Register for the Year 1736 一七三六年历史记事15. Alexander Pope: classical poet in the period of English Enlightenment亚历山大·薄伯Pastorals 田园组诗Essay on Criticism 论批评a didactic poem in heroic coupletsThe Rape of the Lock 夺发记masterpieceTranslations; in heroic couplet：The Iliad of Homer荷马的伊里亚特The Odyssey of Homer 河马的奥德赛The Works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集The Dunciad “愚人志” a satirical poem.Moral Essays “道德论” a philosophic poem.An Essay on Men “人论” a philosophic poem16. Samuel Johnson：London伦敦塞缪尔·约翰逊The Vanity of Human Wishes 人类欲望之虚幻Life of Richard Savage 理查德·沙维之传Rasselas 阿比西尼王子·拉赛拉斯Two periodicals: The Rambler 漫游者The Idler闲散者The two most important literary works：The Preface of Shakespeare莎士比亚戏剧集序言Lives of Poets 诗人传A Dictionary of English Language 英语辞典17.James Boswell：Life of Johnson a classic of English biography18.Thomas Grey：model of sentimentalistElegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌Others：Thomas Parnell ：Night-Piece on Death 夜吟死亡Robert Blair : The Grave 坟墓Edward Yong ：Night Thoughts 夜思19. Oliver Goldsmith：Periodical: The Bee哥尔德·斯密斯Poems: The Traveler 旅游人The Deserted Village 荒村Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德的牧师Comedies: The Good-Natured Man 好心人She Stoops to Conquer 屈身求爱Collection of essays: The Citizen of the World 世界公民20. William Blake : Songs of Innocence 天真之歌威廉·布莱克Songs of Experience 经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻The Tiger21. Robert Burn s: A Red; Red; RedAuld Lang Syne 往昔的时光To a Mouse22. Richard Brinsley Sheridan：The Rivals 情敌The School for Scandal 造谣学校23. William Wordsworth：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner “古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”华兹华斯The Prelude 序曲Lyrical BalladsLines Written in Early SpringTo the CucooI Wandered Lonely as a CloudMy Heart Leaps UpIntimations of ImmortalityLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey 丁登寺The solitary reaperComposed Upon Westminster Bridge24.Samuel Taylor Coleridge：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏; 老水手之行Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗Christabel 克里斯特贝尔Biographia Literaria 文学传记 a literary criticismChristabel25. Robert Southey：Joan of Arc 1793 圣女贞德Wat Tyler 1794瓦特·泰勒The Inchcape Rock因尺角之石The Battle of Blenheim 布莱尼姆之战My Days among the Dead are Passed我与死者作伴的日子已结束Life of Nelson纳尔逊传Thalaba the Destroyer 撒拉巴1801Madoc 麦道克1805The Curse of Kehama 克哈马的诅咒1810Roderick; the Last of the Goths 罗德里最后的高斯人181426.George Gordon Byron：She Walks in BeautyWhen We Two PartedDon JuanThe Vision of JudgmentChild Har old’ Pilgrimage27.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 西风颂Queen MabThe Revolt of IslamPrometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗旺斯The Masque of Anarchy 暴政的假面舞会A Defence of PoetryOzymandias奥西曼提斯T a Skylark 致云雀Adonais 阿多尼斯28.John Keats：Long poems: Endymion 恩底弥翁his first long poemIsabella 伊莎贝拉The Eve of St. Agnes 圣·爱格尼斯节前夕Lamia 莱米亚Hyperion 赫坡里昂Short poems : On a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂the best knownOde on Indolence 懒惰颂Ode on a Grecian UrnOn the Grasshopper and the Cricket 蛐蛐与蟋蟀Bright Star 闪亮的星星When I have Fear 当我害怕的时候29．Walter Scott: The Lay of the Last Minstrel 最末一个行吟诗人Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border 苏格兰边区歌谣集Marmion 玛密恩The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人Scott’s Historical Novels: Waverley 威弗利first historical novel.Guy Mannering 盖曼纳合not very goodOld Morality 清教徒Rob Roy 罗布·罗伊the best of the groupThe Heart of Midlothian 弥德洛西恩的心English History: Ivanhoe 艾凡赫Norman Conquest the best of the groupKenilworth 肯纳尔沃思堡during the Tudor dynastyThe Fortunes of Nigel 尼格尔的家产Stuart ruleWoodstock 皇家猎宫The English RevolutionPeveril of the Peak 贝弗利尔·皮克the Restoration European Countries: Quentin Durward 昆丁·达沃德best-known novel on Frenchhistory.Talisman 惊军英雄记Count Robert of Paris 巴黎的罗伯特伯爵St. Ronan’s Wells 圣·罗南之泉the only one; dealingwith his contemporary life 当代生活小说.30. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionSense and Sensibility31. Charles Dicken s: Sketches by Boz 特写集the first bookThe Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist 奥克佛·特维斯特雾都孤儿Nichols Nickleby 尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比·拉奇The first novel of social historyAmerican Notes 美国札记Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁·朱述尔维特The Chimes 教堂钟声A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌以圣诞为题材具有浓郁宗教色彩The Cricket on the Hearth 灶上蟋蟀Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大卫·科波菲尔his best bookBleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时世Little Dorrit 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities 双城记Great Expectations 远大前程Our Mutual Friend 我们的共同朋友the worse book;Edwin Drood unfinished 艾德温·德鲁德之迷32. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fai 名利场rThe Newcomes 纽克姆一家The History of Pendennis 彭登尼斯The Book of Snobs 势力人集The History of Henry Esmond 亨利·埃斯蒙德的历史The Virginians 弗吉尼亚人33. George Eliot：Novels: Adam Bede 亚当·比德The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨房Silas Marner 织工马南Middlemarch 米德尔马契Description of rural life; moral problems; psychological studies of charactersFelix Holt the Radical 费立可斯·霍尔特Daniel Deronda 丹尼尔·德龙达Romola 罗慕拉Scenes of Clerical Life 教区生活场景Translation: The Essence of Christianity 基督教的本质Editor : The Westminster Review威斯敏斯特评论34. Charlotte Bronte: The Professor 教授Jane Eyre 简爱Shirley 舍丽Villette 维莱特35．Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄36. Anne Bronte: Agnes Grey 安格斯格雷The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall37.Alfred Tennyson：Poems by Two Brothers 两兄弟诗集Poems; Chiefly Lyrical 抒情诗集Poems two volumes 诗集The Princess 公主Maud 毛黛The Idylls of the King 国王叙事集In Memoriam 悼念Short Poems：Break; Break; Break 拍吧;拍吧;拍吧”Crossing the Bar 穿过沙洲38. Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book 指环和书dramatic monologuesDramatic Lyrics 戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics 戏剧故事及抒情诗Men and Women 男男女女Dramatic Personae 登场人物Poems: Pippa Passes 皮帕走过了Bells and Pomegranates 铃铛和石榴树Home-Thoughts; from Abroad 异域乡思Meeting at Night 深夜幽会Parting at Morning 清晨离别The Pied Piper of Hamelin39. Elizabeth Barrett: The Battle of Marathon 马拉顿之战The Cry of the Children 孩子们的哭声Sonnets from the Portuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗Poems before Congress 在大会之前写成的诗Casa Guidi Windows 圭迪的窗子Aurora Leigh 奥罗拉·利40. Thomas Hard y: Novel: Far From the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Woodlanders 林地居民The Return of the Native 还乡The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长Tess of the D‘Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德Under the Greenwood Tree 绿荫下Poem:The Dynasts; written between 列王41. David Herbert Lawrence: Rainbow 虹Lady Chatterley Lover 查泰莱夫人的情人The White Peacock 白孔雀Women in Love 恋爱中的女人Sons and Lovers 儿子和情人Oedipus Complex 恋母情结The STREAM CONSCIOUSNESS42. Virginia Woolf: Jacob′Room 雅各布的房间Mrs. Dalloway 达洛威夫人To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去Orlando 奥兰多The Waves 海浪43.James Joyce: Dubliners 都柏林人first workA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 年轻艺术家的肖像first novelUlysses 尤莉西斯Finnegans Wake 芬尼根的守灵夜43. William Butler Yeats: Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭When You are Old 当你老了44. George Bernard Shaw: Widower Houses 鳏夫的房子Mrs. Warren′s Profession 华伦夫人的职业The Devil′s Disciple 魔鬼的门徒Man and Superman 人和超人Major Barbara 芭芭拉上校Heartbreak House 伤心之家Saint Joan 少女贞德The Apple Cart 苹果车45. Oscar Wilde: Salome 莎美乐tragedyThe Importance of Being Earnest 认真的重要性A Woman of No Importance 无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband 理想丈夫Lady Windermere′s Fan 温德美尔的扇子The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林格雷的肖像。
2020春高中英语牛津译林版修八Unit 1 巩固提升练习题二(Project)(无答案)
Unit 1 巩固提升练习二(Project)一、句型转换(每空一词)1.He had a reputation for his contributions to the charity.He his contributions to the charity.2.His poem published in 1794 was intended to be a song.His poem published in 1794 was be a song.3.The famous poem, A Red, Red Rose written by Robert Burns, is full of symbols. The famous poem, A Red, Red Rose written by Robert Burns, issymbols.4.Many people think that classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today.and , classics have nothing to do with life today.5.Family cars carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles (SUV), cost less.Family cars carry as many as seven passengers and cost lessmost sport utility vehicles (SUV).二、单项选择6.All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were , and he died soon.A.in placeB. in returnC. in vainD. in turn7.With more people keeping pets, a growing number of conflicts petshave been taken to court in Shanghai.A.concerned; theB. concerning; theC. concerned; /D. concerning; /8.He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast prepared by his wife, Lisa .A.left; untouchedB. to leave; untouchingC. leaving; untouchedD. having left; untouching9.—Are you still mad at her?—Not really, but I cant that her remarks hurt me.A.denyB. boycottC. rejectD. resist10.Every time I take part in a friends big party, I always go to talk to those who just sit alone so that they dont feel .A. let outB. wiped outC. made outD. left out三、完形填空Jay Wilson was my English teacher at Lake Forest High School. It was him 11 realized my potential in writing, and his 12 made me a writer eventually.He was kind to me, but I had no 13 that he took particular notice of me. There were other 14 kids in the class, and soon I fell back into my usual 15 and thought that I was just a little over average in most things. Near the end of the term, we began to read the play—Macbeth. Believe me, this is not an easyplay for high school students to understand, 16 I spent a lot of time reading it. After working till the night before it was due, I wrote a paper about the 17 — the first paper I typed on a typewriter—and turned it 18 the next day.I got a good 19 on it, and below the grade Mr Wilson wrote, “Sure20 you become a writer.” That was it. Those six words were written in his clear and neat handwriting. It was the first time he or anyone had 21 in any way that writing was a 22 option for me. Wed never had any writers in our family line, and we didnt know any writers personally, even 23 , so writing for a living didnt seem something 24 to me. But then, just like that, Jay Wilson tapped my hidden 25 and let me see a wider world.Over the next 10 years, I often 26 about Mr Wilsons six words.Whenever I felt discouraged, it was those six words that came back to me and gave me 27 . When a few instructors in college gently and not-so-gently tried to tell me I had no talent, I held Mr Wilsons 28 before me to protect myself. I didnt 29 what anyone else thought. Mr Wilson, head of the whole Englishdepartment at Lake Forest High, 30 I could be a writer. So I put my head down and struggled forward.11.A. when B. who C. how D. where12.A. knowledge B. confidence C. influence D. assignment13.A. intention B. concern C. doubt D. sense14.A. older B. smarter C. richer D. luckier15.A. locationB. position C. motivation D. qualification16.A. so B. but C. or D. for17.A. work B. termC. class D. play18.A. on B. off C. in D. up19.A. grade B. praise C. idea D. start20.A. wonder B. hope C. make D. help21.A. arranged B. persuaded C. announced D. indicated22.A. career B. study C. hobby D. method23.A. distantly B. frequently C. actually D. obviously24.A. necessary B. precious C. different D. available25.A. talent B. memory C. secret D. opinion26.A. worried B. thought C. heard D. wrote27.A. impression B. improvement C. imagination D. strength28.A. actions B. wisdom C. words D. duty29.A. care B. predict C. ignore D. learn30.A. proved B. said C. promised D. answered四、阅读理解AGet your paper fish and get ready to stick it on someones back—its almost April Fools Day.Paper fish? Stick it where? While its not the way we celebrate April 1, putting a paper fish on someones back is a tradition for teens in France. France is where April Fools Day began hundreds of years ago.In the 1500s, the King of France decided to change the official calendar. When the change was made, New Years Day was moved from April to January 1. Since word travelled slowly, not everyone knew about the change. People in the know had fun playing tricks on those who didnt know the new year had begun four months earlier.April 1 is still reserved for practical jokes. The day is all about tricking friends or family, and making them look stupid.Do you want to pull a few tricks of your own? Remember, April Fools Day is about pulling a prank that will make the other person laugh too. If you are not sure whats fool-proof (稳妥的) and whats foolish, here are some ideas to help you.Fool-proof pranks◆I f it looks like rain on April 1, give someone a paper storm. Put confetti (彩纸屑) inside their umbrella, and when they open it up, theyll be hit with a shower of paper.◆K now someone who likes to eat apples? Take their apple when theyre n o t around and cut out a little hole. Stick a candy worm inside and wait for them to scream. When they realise its just candy, theyll have a laugh and a tasty treat.Foolish shocks◆S ome people like your grandparents, may not know much about April Fools Day. Avoid pulling big pranks on them. They may not understand and you could hurt their feelings.◆C rank calls (骚扰电话) may seem funny, but they can really make people angry. And with digital displays, its not difficult to see who is calling.31.What does “practical jokes” mean in Paragraph 4?A.Tricks that are easy to do.B.Tricks played on somebody for amusement.C.Tricks played on friends.D.Tricks that havent been done before.32.Whats the most probable fool-proof prank if youd like to pull on your friendon April Fools Day?A.Write to tell him that he will be asked to the teachers office.B.Suddenly hit your friend on the back.C.Tell him that his mother is ill and in hospital.D.To give your friend a one-hundred note as a birthday present.33.What is the best title for the passage?A. Dont be a fool on April 1B. History of April Fools DayC. Tricks make people laughD. No laughing makes you stupidBMost of us have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of his plays. However, not everybody knows much about the life of this world-famous man, except perhaps that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon and that he married a woman called Anne Hathaway. We know nothing of his school life.Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his leaving home for London. It is said that he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from a neighbouring landowner, and because of this he was forced to leave his native place.Whatever caused him to leave his home town, the world can be thankful about it. When he arrived in London, he set his foot on the road to fame. It is said that he was without money or friends there at first, but that he made a little money by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time, he came to know the actors in the theatre, and they found him clever. Finally he was invited to join their company. By 1592, he had become one of the three members of a famous company.From what we know of his later life, it is clear that Shakespeares connection with the theatre had made him a wealthy man since he wrote the plays, which attracted a good many people. Towards the end of the 16th century he bought a large property in Stratford. No less than eleven of his plays were produced after he went back there. These include the great tragedies Othello, Macbeth and King Lear.Shakespeare died in 1616. Some years earlier he chose a gravestone. He wrote on the stone that if anyone might remove his body from his grave, he would bring bad luck on him.It seems strange that he should have had this fear. He might have known how deeply he was respected for the genius he showed in his plays and poems.34.Shakespeare was forced to run away from .A. LondonB. OxfordC. Stratfold-upon-AvonD. the church in his home town35.In London he .A. sold the stolen rabbits and deerB. looked after horsesC. was put into prisonD. set up a company of his own36.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.Shakespeare was a play writer.B.Shakespeare wrote not only plays but also poems.C.Shakespeare wrote as many as eleven plays in his life.D.In the late 1590s Shakespeare bought a large property for himself.37.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A.Somebody had removed his body out of his tomb.B.The words have been removed from his gravestone.C.His body is still there but his gravestone has been removed away.D.Nobody removed his body out of his tomb.CIt had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of his dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him.Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday.” Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.“Jack, did you hear me?”“Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. Its been so long since I thought of him.Im sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,” Jack said.“Well, he didnt forget you. Every time I saw him hed ask how you were doing. Hed reminisce (回忆) about the many days you spent over ‘his side of the fence’ as he put it,” Mom told him.“I loved that old house he lived in,” Jack said.“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr Belser stepped in to make sure you had a mans influence in your life,” she said.“Hes the one who taught me carpentry. I wouldnt be in this business if it werent for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things that he thought wereimportant...Mom, Ill be there for the funeral,” Jack said.Busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr Belsers funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away.The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time, which was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture...Jack stopped suddenly.“Whats wrong, Jack?” his Mom asked.“The box is gone,” he said.“What box?” Mom asked.“There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All hed ever tell me was ‘the thing I value most’”, Jack said.It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it.“Now, Ill never know what was so valuable to him,” Jack said sadly.Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk. Thereturn address caught his attention.“Mr Harold Belser” it read.Jack tore open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jacks hands shook as he read the note inside.“Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bennett. Its the thing I valued most in my life.” A small key was ta ped to the letter. His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the fine cover, he opened it.Inside he found these words carved: “Jack, thanks for your time! Harold Belser.”“Oh, my God! This is the thing he valued most...”Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked.“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said.38.Why did Jack think Mr Belser died years ago?A.College and career prevented him from remembering Mr Bleser.B.Jack was too busy with his business and family to think about Mr Belser.C.Jack was too busy realizing his dreams to think about Mr Belser.D.His present busy life washed away his childhood memories.39.Jacks mother told him on the phone about Mr Belser EXCEPT that .A.Mr Belser often asked how Jack was doingB.Mr Belsers funeral would take place on WednesdayC.Mr Belser had asked for Jacks mail addressD.Mr Belser had pleasant memories of their time together40.Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?A.He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest.B.He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son.C.He had missed his son and his family for days.D.He came to realize the importance of the time with his family.41.Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?A. The good old timesB. What he valued mostC. An old gold watchD. The lost childhood days五、七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的7 个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
英国文学总结(很好的)
1. Chaucer(1340-1400): The founder of English Poetry, and the founder of English realism, and buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’Corner”. He was against Catholicism. Language: Middle English.代表作: The Canterbury Tales(1387-1400),其中有故事：Wife of Bath，owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar, and exceedingly talkative。
Married five times and expected to one or two more.2. Thomas More(1478-1535)代表作：Utopia, an ideal communist society, meaning “no place”. 全文分两部分，第一部分：a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulers.第二部分：we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.3. Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)代表作：Tamburlaine(1587)-------帖木儿大帝The Jew of Malta(1592)----马耳他岛的犹太人Doctor Faustus(1588)-------浮士德重点介绍：The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the hero is a young and brilliant scholar. Feature: an insatiable thirst for knowledge.影响力：1.show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie;2.the theme of his plays is the praise of individuality, the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe, and soaring aspiration after power and knowledge and beauty in their ideal forms. Marlowe：It is Marlowe who first made blank verse(rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.4.Shakespeare: he was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. And he died on April 23, 1616, buried in Stratford Church.一. The great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night剧情介绍：it is a beautiful fairy-tale combined with the story of the struggle for happiness of two pairs of lovers: Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. 特色：the most lyrical of all his plays, in which elements of Greek mythology and fancifully combined with those of British folklore.2. 威尼斯商人It is a “grave comedy”. It takes its plot from an Italian story. 人物：Bassanio borrowed money from Shylock, and Antonio is Bassanio’s friend. Portia is one of Shakespeare’s ideal women---beautiful, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency.3.As You Like It.人物：Frederick, Rosalind, Celia, Orlando, Oliver。
英美文学史重要作家介绍
1.Geoffrey Chaucer (the founder of English poetry)Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, and philosopher. He is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular Middle English, rather than French or Latin.Chaucer literary Career1. The French period (1360s~1372) Under the influence of French poetryWorks: The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰的故事》2. Italian period (1372~1385) Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceWorks: The House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》3. English period (1385~1400) Free from any foreign influenceWorks：The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集Representative ProjectsTroylus and Criseyde (c. 1383) is a poem re-tells in Middle English the tragic story of the lovers Troilus and Criseyde set against a backdrop of war in the Siege of Troy. It was composed using rime royale and probably completed during the mid 1380's.Influence: The poem had an important legacy for later writers. Many Chaucer scholars regard it as the poet's finest work. As a finished long it is certainly more self-contained than the better known but ultimately uncompleted Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) is a collection of stories written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse诗, although some are in prose散文) are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwarkto the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.Influence: The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece代表作and one of the monumental works重要作品in English literature. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Structurally, the collection bears the influence of The Decameron十日谈.ContributionHe introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza押韵的小节of various types，especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (“heroic couplet”英雄双韵体) to English poetry. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.2. Shakespeare流派：The English Renaissance, realism, humanism.His main works:The greatest comedies: <A midsummer night’s dream> <The merchant of Venice> <As you like it> <Twelfth night>The great tragedies: <Hamlet> <Othello> <King Lear> <Macbeth>The histories: <King John> <Richard II> <Henry IV> <Henry V> <Richard III>Poems: <Venus and Adonis> <The rape of Lucrece> <Shakespeare’s Sonnets> <A lover’s complaint> <Funeral elegy by W.S.>主要作品的内容：<Hamlet>The play, set in the Kingdom of Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamletexacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet, Claudius's own brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude, the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language, is a milestone in Shakespeare's dramatic development; the playwright achieved artistic maturity in this work through his brilliant depiction of the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.<A midsummer night’s dream>It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and the Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of amateur actors, who are manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world.<King Lear>King Lear is a tragedy considered to be one of his greatest works, in which the title character descends into madness from the consequences of foolishly disposing of his estate between two of his three daughters based on their flattery. The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the role of Lear played by many of the world's most accomplished actors.Features(contributions) of Shakespeare’s drama:1. Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.2. Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.3. Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic artthus acquired make him a master –hand for play- writing.4. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the Song, the sonnet, the couplet, and thedramatic blank verse.5. Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.文学地位：Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individually, several of them are among the world's finest written works; taken collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over. Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens. In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling and pronunciation were less standardized than they are now, and his use of language helpedshape modern English.The popularity of Shakespeare is a worldwide phenomenon. His name has been known to China for more than a hundred years, and many of his plays have been widely read among Chinese people.3. John Milton流派:ClassicalismHis main works:1st period:The poems: <L’allegro> <II Pensieroso><Comus>, a masque<Lycidas>, a pastoral elegy2nd period:<Aeropagitica>, a pamphlet against censorship3rd period:<Paradise lost> <Paradise regained> <Samson agonistes>主要作品内容：<Paradise lost>It’s Milton’s masterpiece. The epic poem consists of 12 books, containing about ten thousand lines in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). Based on the Old Testament, it tells the story of Satan’s revolt against God, the temptation of Adam and Eve, and their expulsion from Paradise. The themes of <Paradise lost>:Main theme →the story of man’s fallSecondary themes:Pride →it leads to Satan’s downfallEnvy →coming from Satan’s prideRevenge → it makes Satan tempt Adam and EveInfidelity → Adam betrays God by siding with EveDisobedience → Adam and Eve disobey GodRepentance → Adam and Eve repentRedemption → Man is granted eternal salvation thanks to the sacrifice of the Son of God<Samson Agonistes>It’s a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedies. It deals with the story of Samson from the “Book of Judges” in the Old Testament. Samson is Milton. Samson’s miserable blind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph all strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.文学地位：Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics and who is both a great poet and important prose writer. Milton is the greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the one great literary figure who want tried seriously to combine Renaissance and Reformation.ton was political in both his life and his art.ton wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have been regardedas two patterns of English verse.ton is a master of the blank verse. He first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.ton is a great stylist. His style is never exactly natural. It’s art attained by definite andconscientious rhetorical devices.ton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.4. Bunyan流派:The English Bourgeois revolution and restorationMain works:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>内容：The Pilgrim’s progress is a religious allegory(寓言). It tells of the spiritual pilgrim age of Christian, who flies from the city of Destruction, meets with the perils and temptations of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectale Mountains and the Celestial City. Though it’s an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons. One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair and the persecution of Christian and his friend Faithful are described. Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government.<The Pilgrim’s Progress>地位：The allegory of this book has antecedents in a large number of Christian devotional works that speak of the soul's path to Heaven, from the Lyke-Wake Dirge forward. Bunyan's allegory stands out above his predecessors because of his simple and effective, prose style, steeped in Biblical texts and cadences.其他影响：Bunyan’s prose is admirable. It’s popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. Spencer’s allegory in The Faerie Queene appears ornate when compared with Bunyan.6.SwiftKnown for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian贺瑞斯式and Juvenalian 尤利西斯式styles. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose and a master satiristWorks: a tale of club and the battle of the books, which were published in 1704 and made him well-known as a satirist.Bickerstaff almanac (1708)Features: simple, clear, vigorous language, precise prose, powerful satireGulliver’s travels4 parts. The book presents itself as a simple traveller's narrative with the disingenuous title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, its authorship assigned only to "Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, then a captain of several ships". The text is presented as a first-person narrative by the supposed author, and the name "Gulliver" appears nowhere in the book other than the title page. The unabridged publications of the text begin with a fictional letter entitled "The Publisher to the Reader" and "A letter from Captain Gulliver to his cousin Sympson" which present the fact that the original account has been edited and publishedwithout the permission of Lemuel Gulliver. The book proper then is divided into four parts, which are as follows.A Tale of a Tub(1704) The Battle of the Books Bickerstaff AlmanacPamphlets on Ireland.Swift is one of the masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.DafoeDefoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain and is among the founders of the English novel. A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural).Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe is one of the world’s most popular adventure novels. The story, based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone in the uninhabited island Juan Fernandez for 5 years, is a work of sheer imagination.The story is about Robinson’s adventure on a deserted island.The Main Character：In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a native and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The story is told in the first person singular as if it was told by some sailor-adventurer himself. In this novel, Defoe created the image of a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.The significance of the novel：The supreme quality in Robinson Crusoe is its sense of reality, its lifelikeness. Defoe takes pains to convince his readers that what he is writing about is “real life”. The book expresses the epic theme of the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the face of the most unpromising environment.7. Henry FieldingNovelist, father of English novels, The Theatrical Licensing Act was passed in 1737 and ended his career as a dramatistHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones, showing the whole of the life of 18thcentury England as he saw it;Tom JonesCharacters:Tom: an abandoned baby adopted by Mr. Allworthy, who grows up to be a cheerful, open-hearted and handsome young manBlifil : the son of Mr. Allworthy’s sister, who is also brought up by Mr. Allworhty and grows up to be sly and faithlessSophia: the daughter of neighbor Squire Western, who is loved both by Tom and BlifilFielding as the Founder of the English Realistic Novel and set up the theory of realism in literary creation.His style: easy, unlabored轻易完成的, familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous and in logic and musical rhythm. His command of language was remarkable.All in all, he was, has been and still will be t he “father of English novel”. But his sympathy for the poor, and his contempt for the parasites靠他人为生的人, the exploiters and the oppressors aroused the anger of ruling classes.8. Samuel Johnsonthe great charm of literature：lexicographer词典编纂者，poet，criticWorks:13.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)Samuel Johnson was a lexicographer, critic and poet. Became “the great cham of literature” and the literary men in London centered around him. “the greatest English man of letter” and “a great composer of dictionary”Works:1.Two satires in heroic couplets in imitation of Juvenal the Roman poet:London (1738)The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749)2.Life of Richard Savage (1744)3. Irene (1749), a tragedy4.Rasselas (1759)5. two periodicals: The Ramber (1750-52) and The Idler (1758-60)6.the most two important literary works:The Preface and comments of individual plays in his edition of Shakespeare (1765)Lives of Poets (1779-81)Johnson’s “Dictionary”Published in 1755;1.Marked an epoch in the study of the English study;2.Marked the end of the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support;3.Had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as “ a great work of scholarship”.“A letter to Lord Chesterfield”was the writer’s declaration of independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature.The Dictionary of the English Language《英语词典》marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of nobleman for support.London and The Vanity 自负of Human Wishes9. William Wordsworth (1770—1850)The representative poet of the early romanticism.As a child he cherished a love of nature (he learned more eagerly from flowers and hills and stars than from his books) , which he later expressed in his poetry1798Wordsworth and Coleridge(they became friends in 1797 and then lived together) jointly published the Lyrical Ballads抒情诗集。
英国文学史及选读之文学史作品及作者
作家及作品1.the first epic in the English history：the song of Beowulf2.Romance(传奇)：Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableKing Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableSir Gawain and the Green Knight3. Popular Ballads(民谣)：The Robin Hood Ballad4. Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔索)：The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇The Book of the Duchess悼公爵夫人Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集5.Thomas More(托马斯•莫尔)：Utopia乌托邦book onebook two6.William Shakespeare（威廉.莎士比亚）：the great comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night第十二夜The great tragedies：Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello奥塞罗King Lear 李尔王Macbeth 麦克白Henry VI, Part II, III, I 亨利六世上、中、下Richard III 里查德三世The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧错中错Titus Andronicus 克斯泰特斯·安庄尼The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍妇The Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士Love’s Labor’s Lost 爱的徒劳空爱一场Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Richard II 里查德二世King John 约翰王Much Ado about Nothing无事生非Henry IV, Part I; Henry IV, Part II 亨利四世Henry V 亨利五世The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流女人Julius Caesar《凯撒大帝》As You Like It《如愿》《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》Troilus and Cressida 《特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达》All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》Measure for Measure 《恶有恶报》《一报还一报》Antony and Cleopatra 《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》Coriolanus 《科利奥兰纳斯》Timon of Athens 《雅典的泰蒙Pericles《波里克利斯》Cymbeline《辛柏林》The Winter’s Tales《冬天的故事》The Tempest《暴风雨》Henry VIII《亨利八世》7.Francis Bacon：the first English essayistOf truth 论真理Of studies 论学习Love, truth ,friendship ,parents ,children ,beauty ,studies ,riches ,youth ,age ,garden ,death and others 8.John Donne：the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetryFlea 跳骚Others：George HerbertAndrew MarvellHenry Vaughan9.John Milton：Paradise Lost 失乐园Paradise Regained 复乐园Samson AgonistesLycidas10.John Bunyan(约翰·班扬)：Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner罪人受恩记功德无量Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 恶人先生的生平和死亡贝德曼先生的一生The Holy War 神圣战争11.Daniel Defoe：father of English novelRobinson CrusoeThe shortest way with the dissentersCaptain SingletonColonel JacqueMoll Flanders12.Jonathan Swift： A Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事乔纳森·斯威夫特Battle of Books 书的战争书战Predictions for the Year 1708 对1708的预言Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff 比克斯塔夫先生第一个预言的应验Gulliver’s Travels格林佛游记The Drapier’s Letters 一个麻布商的书信A Modest Proposal 一个小小的建议13.Joseph Addison：writer and a great stylist.约瑟夫·艾迪生 A Letter from Italy 意大利来鸿“The Campaign”“出征”, best-known poem in heroic coupletRosamond 罗沙蒙The Spectator 旁观者, a daily paperCato 卡托 a tragedyAddison and Steele : epistolary novel(书信体小说)14. Henry Fielding ：Joseph Andrews约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历comic epic poem in prose散文体滑稽史诗亨利·菲尔丁Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德Tom Jones 汤姆˙琼斯Amelia 阿米丽亚Plays ：The Welsh Opera 威尔斯歌剧Don Quixote in England 唐·吉诃德在英国Pasqin 巴斯昆The Historical Register for the Year 1736 一七三六年历史记事15. Alexander Pope: classical poet in the period of English Enlightenment亚历山大·薄伯Pastorals 田园组诗Essay on Criticism 论批评a didactic poem in heroic coupletsThe Rape of the Lock 夺发记masterpieceTranslations, in heroic couplet：The Iliad of Homer《荷马的伊里亚特》The Odyssey of Homer 《河马的奥德赛》The Works of Shakespeare 《莎士比亚全集》The Dunciad “愚人志” a satirical poem.Moral Essays “道德论” a philosophic poem.An Essay on Men “人论” a philosophic poem16. Samuel Johnson：London《伦敦》塞缪尔·约翰逊The Vanity of Human Wishes 人类欲望之虚幻Life of Richard Savage 理查德·沙维之传Rasselas 阿比西尼王子·拉赛拉斯Two periodicals: The Rambler 《漫游者》The Idler《闲散者》The two most important literary works：The Preface of Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧集序言》Lives of Poets 《诗人传》A Dictionary of English Language 《英语辞典》17.James Boswell：Life of Johnson a classic of English biography18.Thomas Grey：model of sentimentalistElegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌Others：Thomas Parnell ：Night-Piece on Death 夜吟死亡Robert Blair : The Grave 坟墓Edward Yong ：Night Thoughts 夜思19. Oliver Goldsmith：Periodical: The Bee哥尔德·斯密斯Poems: The Traveler 旅游人The Deserted Village 荒村Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德的牧师Comedies: The Good-Natured Man 好心人She Stoops to Conquer 屈身求爱Collection of essays: The Citizen of the World 世界公民20. William Blake : Songs of Innocence 天真之歌威廉·布莱克Songs of Experience 经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻The Tiger21. Robert Burn s: A Red, Red, RedAuld Lang Syne 往昔的时光To a Mouse22. Richard Brinsley Sheridan：The Rivals 情敌The School for Scandal 造谣学校23. William Wordsworth：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner “古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”华兹华斯The Prelude 序曲Lyrical BalladsLines Written in Early SpringTo the CucooI Wandered Lonely as a CloudMy Heart Leaps UpIntimations of ImmortalityLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey 丁登寺The solitary reaperComposed Upon Westminster Bridge24.Samuel Taylor Coleridge：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏; 老水手之行Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》Christabel 《克里斯特贝尔》Biographia Literaria 《文学传记》 a literary criticismChristabel25. Robert Southey：Joan of Arc 1793 《圣女贞德》Wat Tyler 1794《瓦特·泰勒》The Inchcape Rock《因尺角之石》The Battle of Blenheim 《布莱尼姆之战》My Days among the Dead are Passed《我与死者作伴的日子已结束》Life of Nelson《纳尔逊传》Thalaba the Destroyer 《撒拉巴》1801Madoc 《麦道克》1805The Curse of Kehama 《克哈马的诅咒》1810Roderick, the Last of the Goths 《罗德里最后的高斯人》1814 26.George Gordon Byron：She Walks in BeautyWhen We Two PartedDon JuanThe Vision of JudgmentChild Harold’ Pilgrimage27.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 西风颂Queen MabThe Revolt of IslamPrometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗旺斯The Masque of Anarchy 暴政的假面舞会A Defence of PoetryOzymandias奥西曼提斯T a Skylark 致云雀Adonais 阿多尼斯28.John Keats：Long poems: Endymion 恩底弥翁his first long poemIsabella 伊莎贝拉The Eve of St. Agnes 圣·爱格尼斯节前夕Lamia 莱米亚Hyperion 赫坡里昂Short poems : On a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂the best knownOde on Indolence 懒惰颂Ode on a Grecian UrnOn the Grasshopper and the Cricket 蛐蛐与蟋蟀Bright Star 闪亮的星星When I have Fear 当我害怕的时候29．Walter Scott: The Lay of the Last Minstrel 最末一个行吟诗人Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border 苏格兰边区歌谣集Marmion 玛密恩The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人Scott’s Historical Novels: Waverley 威弗利first historical novel.Guy Mannering 盖曼纳合not very goodOld Morality 清教徒Rob Roy 罗布·罗伊the best of the groupThe Heart of Midlothian 弥德洛西恩的心English History: Ivanhoe 艾凡赫Norman Conquest the best of the groupKenilworth 肯纳尔沃思堡during the Tudor dynastyThe Fortunes of Nigel 尼格尔的家产Stuart ruleWoodstock 皇家猎宫The English RevolutionPeveril of the Peak 贝弗利尔·皮克the Restoration European Countries: Quentin Durward 昆丁·达沃德best-known novel on Frenchhistory.Talisman 惊军英雄记Count Robert of Paris 巴黎的罗伯特伯爵St. Ronan’s Wells 圣·罗南之泉the only one, dealingwith his contemporary life (当代生活小说).30. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionSense and Sensibility31. Charles Dicken s: Sketches by Boz 特写集the first bookThe Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist 奥克佛·特维斯特雾都孤儿Nichols Nickleby 尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比·拉奇The first novel of social historyAmerican Notes 美国札记Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁·朱述尔维特The Chimes 教堂钟声A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌以圣诞为题材具有浓郁宗教色彩The Cricket on the Hearth 灶上蟋蟀Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大卫·科波菲尔his best bookBleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时世Little Dorrit 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities 双城记Great Expectations 远大前程Our Mutual Friend 我们的共同朋友the worse book;Edwin Drood (unfinished) 艾德温·德鲁德之迷32. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fai 名利场rThe Newcomes 纽克姆一家The History of Pendennis 彭登尼斯The Book of Snobs 势力人集The History of Henry Esmond 亨利·埃斯蒙德的历史The Virginians 弗吉尼亚人33. George Eliot：Novels: Adam Bede 亚当·比德The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨房Silas Marner 织工马南Middlemarch 米德尔马契Description of rural life; moral problems; psychological studies of charactersFelix Holt the Radical 费立可斯·霍尔特Daniel Deronda 丹尼尔·德龙达Romola 罗慕拉Scenes of Clerical Life 教区生活场景Translation: The Essence of Christianity 基督教的本质Editor : The Westminster Review威斯敏斯特评论34. Charlotte Bronte: The Professor 教授Jane Eyre 简爱Shirley 舍丽Villette 维莱特35．Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄36. Anne Bronte: Agnes Grey 安格斯格雷The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall37.Alfred Tennyson：Poems by Two Brothers 两兄弟诗集Poems, Chiefly Lyrical 抒情诗集Poems (two volumes) 诗集The Princess 公主Maud 毛黛The Idylls of the King 国王叙事集In Memoriam 悼念Short Poems：Break, Break, Break 拍吧，拍吧，拍吧”Crossing the Bar 穿过沙洲38. Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book 指环和书dramatic monologuesDramatic Lyrics 戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics 戏剧故事及抒情诗Men and Women 男男女女Dramatic Personae 登场人物Poems: Pippa Passes 皮帕走过了Bells and Pomegranates 铃铛和石榴树Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 异域乡思Meeting at Night 深夜幽会Parting at Morning 清晨离别The Pied Piper of Hamelin39. Elizabeth Barrett: The Battle of Marathon 马拉顿之战The Cry of the Children 孩子们的哭声Sonnets from the Portuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗Poems before Congress 在大会之前写成的诗Casa Guidi Windows 圭迪的窗子Aurora Leigh 奥罗拉·利40. Thomas Hard y: Novel: Far From the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Woodlanders 林地居民The Return of the Native 还乡The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长Tess of the D‘Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德Under the Greenwood Tree 绿荫下Poem:The Dynasts, written between 列王41. David Herbert Lawrence: Rainbow 虹Lady Chatterley Lover 查泰莱夫人的情人The White Peacock 白孔雀Women in Love 恋爱中的女人Sons and Lovers 儿子和情人Oedipus Complex 恋母情结The STREAM CONSCIOUSNESS42. Virginia Woolf: Jacob′Room 雅各布的房间Mrs. Dalloway 达洛威夫人To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去Orlando 奥兰多The Waves 海浪43.James Joyce: Dubliners 都柏林人first workA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 年轻艺术家的肖像first novelUlysses 尤莉西斯Finnegans Wake 芬尼根的守灵夜43. William Butler Yeats: Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭When You are Old 当你老了44. George Bernard Shaw: Widower Houses 鳏夫的房子Mrs. Warren′s Profession 华伦夫人的职业The Devil′s Disciple 魔鬼的门徒Man and Superman 人和超人Major Barbara 芭芭拉上校Heartbreak House 伤心之家Saint Joan 少女贞德The Apple Cart 苹果车45. Oscar Wilde: Salome 莎美乐tragedyThe Importance of Being Earnest 认真的重要性A Woman of No Importance 无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband 理想丈夫Lady Windermere′s Fan 温德美尔的扇子The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林格雷的肖像。
莎士比亚名词解释
莎士比亚名词解释莎士比亚名词解释莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是英国文艺复兴时期最著名的文学家之一，被誉为“戏剧之王”。
他的作品深受后世影响，被广泛研究，因此有许多莎士比亚特有的名词需要解释。
以下是对一些关键名词的解释。
1.喜剧（Comedy）：莎士比亚的戏剧作品分为喜剧和悲剧两大类。
喜剧以幽默、荒诞、错综的情节为特征，大多数以结尾的婚姻、复仇或让人和解的情节结尾。
2.悲剧（Tragedy）：悲剧是莎士比亚最为著名的戏剧类型之一，通常以主人公的崩溃和灾难结尾。
悲剧中常涉及复仇、秘密、欺诈等主题。
3.历史剧（Historical play）：莎士比亚创作了许多关于英国历史的戏剧，这些戏剧被称为历史剧。
它们通常描绘了英国不同历史时期的君主和政治家的事迹。
4.抒情诗（Sonnets）：莎士比亚的一部分作品是抒情诗，共计154首。
抒情诗以14行为一个基本单位，按特定的韵律排列。
5.四大喜剧（The Four Great Comedies）：指莎士比亚的四部喜剧作品，《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）、《十二夜》（Twelfth Night）和《修女的悲剧》（The Merry Wives ofWindsor）。
6.四大悲剧（The Four Great Tragedies）：指莎士比亚的四部悲剧作品，《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）和《麦克白》（Macbeth）。
这些作品被认为是莎士比亚最伟大的作品之一。
7.舞台装置（Stagecraft）：莎士比亚的戏剧作品中的舞台装置非常重要。
莎士比亚的剧作具有丰富的舞台设置，包括升降舞台、旋转舞台、假山等。
这些装置通过视觉效果增强了戏剧的表现力。
8.唐尼（Dunny）：这是一个莎士比亚的地方说话人的名字，是讽刺、滑稽和搞笑的代名词。
华中师范大学 网络教育 英美文学史作业答案
I.Choose the right answer.1.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance? （D）A. Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C. Exaltation of man‟s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man‟s foibles.D. Praise of man‟s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.2. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.(B)A. Edmund SpenserB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. John Donne3.The following belong to the characteristics of ‟metaphysical poetry‟ re presented by ‟John Donne‟ except___.(D)A. ConceitsB. Actual imagery and simple dictionC. Argumentative formD. Elegant style4. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____. (C)A. Greek MythologyB. Roman legendC. The Old TestamentD. The New Testament5. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare‟s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a …philosophical exploration‟ of life and death.(B )A. The Mer chant of VeniceB. HamletC. King LearD.The Winter‟s Tale6. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature. (B)A. Anglos/ SaxonsB. Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC. Romans/ NormansD. Greeks/ Romans7. Marlow‟s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ‟blank verse‟, and he is regarded as ‟the pioneer of English drama‟, which of the following is not written by him? (D)A. TamburlaineB. The Jew of MaltaC. The Passionate to His LoveD. The Sun Rising8. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. (B)A. John Milton‟sB. Francis Bacon‟sC. Montaigne‟sD. Thomas Gray‟s9. _____Wa s known as “the poets‟ poet”.(B)A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. John MiltonII.Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. His words are easy to understand. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the “heroic couplet” to English poetry. Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.2)What was the English Renaissance?The English Renaissance was an intellectual movement or rebirth of letters. There Were two striking features. The first was the revived interest in classical literature. People were thirsty for works of Greek and Latin. Another feature was humanism. People began to see themselves as important beings, not only living for God and a future world. Interest in beauty and achievement rose. This was the outlook promising world opening to them. They believed in their strength. They expected the promising world opening to them. They believed that they could make the world according to their desires.3) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?Three periods: . Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. 2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. 3. Period of romances or tragic-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation.。
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6. Warfare
7.Hate 8.Identity
race, gender, social status, family relationships, military service and so on
The Great Tragedies Macbeth
1. Fate and Free Will 2.Ambition,Power 3.Reality 4.Gender 5. Supernatural 6. Violence 7. Time
3
4
The Great Tragedies Hamlet
1.Revenge 2.Lies and Deceit 3.Family 4.Mortality
It weaves together three revenge plots.Hamlet hates deception and craves honesty.he love his father,but hatebe or not to and speech.The "to his mother be" his uncle. dead man's ghost . Hamlet constantly contemplates death from many angles.
The Great Tragedies Othello
1.Jealousy
2.Race
3.Gender
4.ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ex
5. Marriage
Othello is one of the first black heroes in English literature. however, his status as a black-skinned foreigner in Venice marks him as an outside and exposes him to some pretty overt racism, especially by his wife's father.
The Great Tragedies
bination of verse (poetry) and prose
2.Symbolism 3.Imagery Handkerchief love Candle symbolizes elegant, high-class speaks in Desdemona's fragile blank verse life Characters lower ,like the gravediggers ,don't talk in aaspecial poetic rhythm; (usually long) dramatic they just talk. to give the speech intended illusion of unspoken reflections
The Great Tragedies
spokesman: 连世英
members: 赵晨帆 史齐田
The Great Tragedies
1
Introduction
2
Major Themes
3
Writing Features
The Great Tragedies
1
2
Hamlet King Lear Othello Macbeth
In King Lear, women are often seen 4.Gender as disloyal, promiscuous, and the root of 5.Society and Class all the problems in the world.
6.Loyalty passion and Forgiveness
The Great Tragedies King Lear
1.Family
2.Power
3.Justice
family relationships, especially those between fathers and children, are at the center of the play
4.Allegory
5.Soliloquies
Thank you !