煤层长距离定向钻孔在瓦斯抽采中的应用

Application of Inseam Longhole Directional Drilling for Gas Drainage5th International Symposium on Green Mining - Co-Extraction of Coal and Coal Mine GasChina University of Mining And Technology Xuzhou City, China 22-23 September 2012Frank Hungerford Ting Ren Naj AzizCoal Industry Environment 煤矿行业环境•Explosions and Out-bursts are a constant threat in the underground coal industry •瓦斯爆炸和煤层突出对于井下矿业来讲是一个持久的威胁 瓦斯爆炸和煤层突出对于井下矿业来 是一个持久的威胁 瓦斯爆炸和煤 矿业 •Research and Development in Australia and in other countries is constantly being directed towards making underground coal mining a safer environment. •澳大利亚和其他一些国家都一直致力研究发展，努力朝着更为安全的井下工作 澳大利亚 努力朝着更为 澳大利 和其他一些国家都一直致力研究发 境而努力。

环境而努力。

2Rotary Drilling 旋转式钻进•No Directional Control •没有方向的控制 没有方向的控制 •Excessive Drilling Metres •多余的钻进进尺 多余的钻进进 多余的钻进进尺 •Ineffective Coverage •无效的抽排覆盖面积 无效的抽排覆盖面积 无效的抽排覆盖面3Gas Drainage – Directional Drilling 瓦斯抽排—方向式钻进•Directional Drilling developed in Australia in the mid 1980’s but initially limited by the survey systems available. •定向钻进是1980年代在澳大利亚开始发展的，但是最开始受到测绘系统的限 定向钻进 年代在澳大利亚开 测绘系 定向钻进是 年代在澳大利亚开始 展的，但是最开始受到测绘 制 •Development of AMT’s DDM-Mecca solved the surveying problems •先进矿业公司 公司Mecca导向系统的研究发展解决了测绘系统的诸多问题 测绘系 先进矿业公司 导向系统的研究发展解决了测绘 •Requirement for accurately placed holes and verified locations dictated that directional drilling become the industry standard •准确的定位钻孔和真实的达到施钻地点，已经成了定向钻进的一个行业标准。

到施钻地点， 成了定向钻进的一个行业标 钻进的一个行业标准 准 的定位钻孔和真实4Australian Gas and Outburst Prevention 澳大利亚瓦斯和突出事故的预防•Out-burst Management Plan 防突管理计划 防突管理计 •Gas Drainage Drilling瓦斯抽排钻进 瓦斯抽排钻进 瓦斯抽排 •Gas Drainage Lead Times / Vacuum Drainage瓦斯排放时间和真空抽放 瓦斯排放时间 瓦斯排放时间和真空抽放 •Gas Content Assessment Coring瓦斯含量评估取芯 瓦斯含量评 瓦斯含量 •Gas Content Assessment瓦斯含量评估 瓦斯含量评 瓦斯含量 •Approval to Mine矿方认可 矿Down Hole Motor – PCD Drill Bit6DGS – Directional Guidance System 先进矿业公司—定向导向系统WATER SWIVEL MECCA DRILL RODS NON-MAGNETIC SPACER ROD DOWNHOLE INSTRUMENTDOWNHOLE MOTOR AND DRILL BIT头WATER WATER SUPPLY SUPPLYSIGNAL CABLE SIGNAL CABLEMAINS POWER MAINS POWER7Directional Drilling Environment•Requires environment suitable to support Directional Drilling 要求适当的工作环 足并支持定向式钻进 要求适当的工作环境满足并支持定向式钻进 – Strata has to be stable (drillable) 岩 应该稳定并 合打钻 定并适 性应该稳定并适合打钻 – Coal has to be reasonable permeable 煤体透气性适 煤体透气性适可 – Drill site suitably located 钻场合理的选择定位 合理的选择 钻场合理的选择定位 • Power, suitable water supply, adequate pumping 供电 当的供水、 、适当的供水、和充足的抽排 • Ventilation 通风 • Interaction with mining operations 和采掘相互作用配合8Gas Drainage – Cross-Block Drainage 定向钻进—横向施钻回采面9Gas Drainage – Restricted Access Drainage 定向钻进—严格监管入内的抽放10Gas Drainage + Exploration11Gas Drainage + Exploration12Inseam Exploration 本煤层—勘探13Inseam Exploration 本煤层—勘探14Inseam Exploration 本煤层—勘探15Above Seam Post-Drainage Design 煤层顶板钻孔回采后抽排设计150100Fault?Vertical Displacement (m)Feature strata shown above seam500-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Post Drainage Drilling - Borehole Depth (m)16Inrush Event• In 1996, an inrush occurred at an Australian coal mine. The mine was developing towards known old workings likely to be filled with water. The location of the old workings was defined by old mine plans. A high pressure inrush occurred, pushing the 35 tonne miner back 4 men working at the face did not survive.17••••Effects• • The incident highlighted the dangers and adverse effects of inrush. Legislation was introduced requiring mines to ensure such an event is not repeated. Mines want to avoid injury to workers, potential damage to equipment and delays to production. Underground coal mines now conduct drilling programs ahead of development if old workings or structures are suspected.••18Effects• Directional drilling is the most effective tool available for proving barriers between existing and/or abandoned old workings and new development areas.19Inrush Controls• Legislation requires each mine to ensure there is protection against inrush. Sources of potential inrush need to be identified, assessed and managed. Directional drilling is now an established safe and reliable means to investigate ahead of mining••20Introduction of Directional Drilling Technology to China 介绍定向钻进到中国•Initial UN sponsored attempts in 1997 failed •最开始的尝试是在 尝试是在 年以失败 最 始的尝试是在1997年以失败告终 年以失 – No management control 没有管理控制手段 – Incorrect environment工作环境不正确 工作环 工作 境不正确 •2002 Systems Approach: •2002年钻机施钻方案 年 机施钻 – Audit mine to determine suitable environment – 检查寻找煤矿，找到适合的工作环境 检查寻找煤 找煤矿 找到适合的工作环 – Supply full set of equipment for directional drilling 提供完整的设备进行定向钻进 设备进行定向 提供完整的设备进行定向钻进 – Drill a system proving borehole钻进钻机证明钻孔能力 钻进钻机 钻进钻 – 6 months of driller training六个月的钻工培训 六个月的钻工培训 六个月的21Technology Introduction 技术介绍•Technology/Equipment Sales and Training •技术，设备销售和培训 技 设备销售和培训 售和培 – Equipment Sales 设备销售 设备销售 – Drilling Training 钻机培训 机培训 – Service Support 售后服务支持 售后服务 •Service Contracts •服务合同 服 – Project Design 项目设计 – Drilling Contract 钻进承包合同 钻进承包合同 – Project Supervision/Reporting 项目监管/报告体制 报22Drill Rig Specifications 钻机规格•90 kW Electric/hydraulic power unit with methane monitor •90千瓦电液驱动设备，带瓦斯断电装置 千瓦电 驱动设备， 瓦斯断电 千瓦 •Driller friendly control panel with DGS unit •友好的钻工控制操作台和导向系统 友好的钻 友好的 工控制操作台和导向系统 •Track or skid mounted with adequate anchorage •履带和滑行装置，正确的锚固安装 履 和滑行装置， •HQ capacity - NQ sized rods fitted with MECCA •打捞能力 向芯的NQ尺寸的 尺寸的钻 打 能力-HQ打捞带导向芯的 打捞带导向芯的 尺寸的钻杆 •15 tonne thrust capacity for 1500m drilling •15吨重的钻机可以钻进 钻进1500米的能力 吨重的钻机可以钻进 米的能力 •High pressure water pump– 250 l/min @ 10MPa to run the DHM •高压水泵可以提供 可以提供250升/每分钟的流量驱动孔底马达 的流量驱动孔底马 驱动孔底 高 升每23Track Mounted Rig 履带式定向千米钻机24Gas Drainage Drilling – Mine 煤矿瓦斯抽排孔钻进4 9 0 9 1 5 . 0 3 5 3 9 3 8 1 2 8 . 8 9 3 6 2 9#1 b r a n c h ofFW2 S1 -2 ( Ma y 25 2 00 3)F -W 5S 3 -4 -B2 (A pr il#2 b ra#5F W 5 S 3 -2 (A p r ibrFW5 S 34B3 (A p ri l 23 20 03 )#1 br an ch of22 20 03 )nc h ofa a nc h ofl 1 3 20 0 3 )F -W 5S 32( Ap riFW5 S3 -2 ( Ap riF W 5 Sl 14a # 3 brl 163 2 ( A p r i l 1 2 2 0 0 3 )2 00 3)20 20 03 )4 #4 branc h o of F- W 5SFW2 S1 -1#2 b ranc h of3- 2(A (M ay 22h ncF -W 5A prFW5ilFW5 S3 -9 (M ay 8S 33 (J un e 3S3-20 03 ) #1 Br an ch of FW5 S3 -8 ( FM - Way 5 S 3 6 - 28 ( 00M a 3) yF - W 5 S 3 - 6( A p r i l 2 9 2 0 0 3 )#2 4 B r a n 2 0 c h 0 3 ) o f F - W 5 F W 5 S 3- 7 ( M a y # 1 B 3r a n ch 2 0 0 3 ) o fF -W5 S3 -9S 3 - 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D r a w n ? ? C h e c k e d ? ? A p p r o v e d ? ? ? O c t 1 1 2 0 0 3 ? 1 : 2 0 0 0?????G A SD R A I N A G ES Y S T E M25Modular Rig 分体式定向千米钻机26Completed Gas Drainage Drilling Project 完整的瓦斯抽排钻孔实施项 目27Borehole Profile28Drill Niche 钻场设计29Drill Niche 钻场设计1 – Series 1000 Tracked Drill Rig. 履带式钻机 2 – Fines Pod. 渣箱 3 – Rod Trailer. 钻杆架 4 – Gas Separator. 气水分离器. 5 – Standpipe. 封孔管30Drill Niche 钻场设计Completed Gas Drainage Drilling Project 完整的瓦斯抽排钻孔实施项目Coal Environment –Stability矿业环境—稳定性•Assess the environment and design drilling/gas drainage programs toachieve best available application 进入工作环境、设计钻进和瓦斯抽排计划，以实现最佳的抽排应用效果•Stable coal allows good drilling and no hole collapse during or after drilling程中，，不出现塌孔稳定的煤体可以实现非常好的钻进；可以在施钻过程中•Crushed horizons can be identified and either stabilized with flushing and行固定、、或避mud or avoided 塌陷区可以被探测，也可以通过反水冲洗煤泥岩浆进行固定陷区。