2012六级必备宝典
201212cet6真题及答案详解
201212cet6真题及答案详解2012年12月英语六级真题及答案详解Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Man and Computer by commenting on the saying, “The real danger is not th at the computer will begin to think like man, but that man will begin to think like the computer.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Man and ComputerPart II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on A nswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thirst grows for living unpluggedMore people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville, Pennsylvania.About a year ago, I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell, the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in addressing a group of advertising people on “Marketing to the Child of Tomorrow.” Soon after I arrived, the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside. What he was most interested in, he began, was stillness and quiet.A few months later, I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge designer Philippe Starck.What allowed him to remain so consistently ah ead of the curve? “I never read any magazines or watch TV,” he said, perhaps with a little exaggeration. “Nor do I go to cocktail parties, dinners or anything like that.” He lived outside conventional ideas, he implied, because “I live alone mostly, in the middle of nowhere.”Around the same time, I noticed that those who part with $2,285 a night to stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur, California, pay partly for the privilege of not having a TV in their rooms; the future of travel, I’m reliably told, lies in “black-hole resorts,” which charge high prices precisely because you can’t get online in th eir rooms.Has it really come to this?The more ways we have to connect, the more many of us seem desperate to unplug. Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so emancipating not long ago. Even Intel experimented in 2007 with conferring four uninterrupted hours of quiet time (no phone ore-mail) every Tuesday morning on 300 engineers and managers. Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send e-mail, but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves think.The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front of a screen, Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows. The average American teenager sends or receives 75 text messages a day, though one girl managed to handle an average of 10,000 every 24 hours for a month.Since luxury is a function of scarcity, the children of tomorrow will long for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines, streaming videos and scrolling headlines that leave them feeling empty and too full all at once.The urgency of slowing down—to find the time and space to think—is nothing new, of course, and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention we pay to the moment, the less time and energy we have to pl ace it in some larger context. “Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries,” the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the 17th century, “and yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries.” He also famously remarked that all of man’s problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room alone.快来下载吧When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more important than content, Henry David Thoreau reminded us that “the man whose horse trots (奔跑), a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages.”Marshall McLuhan, who came closer than most to seeing what was co ming, warned, “When things come at you very fast, naturally you lose touch with yourself.”We have more and more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Partly because we are so busy communicating. And we are rushing to meet so many deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines.So what to do? More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga,or meditation (沉思), or tai chi (太极)；these aren’t New Age fads (时尚的事物) so much as ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age. Two friends of mine observe an“Internet sabbath (安息日)” every week, turning off their online connections from Friday night t o Monday morning. Other friends take walks and “forget” their cellphones at home.A series of tests in recent years has shown, Mr. Carr points out, that after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects “exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory a nd generally improved cognition. Their brains become both calmer and sharper.” More thanthat, empathy (同感，共鸣)，as well as deep thought, depends (as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found) on neural processes that are “inherently slow.”I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all (which is the only time when I can see what I should be doing the rest of the time).I have yet to use a cellphone and I have never Tweeted or entered Facebook.I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot.None of this is a matter of asceticism (苦行主义)；it is just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place, absorbed in a book, a conversation, or music. It is actually something deeper than mere happiness: it is joy, which the monk (僧侣) David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.”It is vital, of course, to stay in touch with the world. But it is only by having some distance from the world that you can see it whole, and understand what you should be doing with it.For more than 20 years, therefore, I have been going several times a year—often for no longer than three days—to a Benedictine hermitage (修道院)，40 minutes down the road, as ithappens, from the Post Ranch Inn. I don’t attend services when I am there, and I have never meditated, there or anywhere; I just take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness, recalling that it is only by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have anything useful to bring to them. The last time I was in the hermitage, three months ago, I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a 3-year-old boy around his shoulders.“You’re Pico, aren’t you?” the man said, and introduced himself as Larry; we had met, I gathered, 19 years before, when he had been living in the hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks.“What are you doing now?” I asked.We smiled. No words were necessary.“I try to bring my kids here as often as I can,” he went on. The child of tomorrow, I realized, may actually be ahead of us, in terms of sensing not what is new, but what is essential.1. What is special about the Post Ranch Inn?A) Its rooms are well furnished but dimly lit.B) It makes guests feel like falling into a black hole.C) There is no access to television in its rooms.D) It provides all the luxuries its guests can think of.2. What does the author say the children of tomorrow will need most?A) Convenience and comfort in everyday life.B) Time away from all electronic gadgets.C) More activities to fill in their leisure time.D) Greater chances for individual development.快来下载吧3. What does the French philosopher Blaise Pascal say aboutdistraction?A) It leads us to lots of mistakes.B) It renders us unable to concentrate.C) It helps release our excess energy.D) It is our greatest misery in life.4. According to Marshall McLuhan, what will happen if things come at us very fast?A) We will not know what to do with our own lives.B) We will be busy receiving and sending messages.C) We will find it difficult to meet our deadlines.D) We will not notice what is going on around us.5. What does the author say about yoga, meditation and tai chi?A) They help people understand ancient wisdom.B) They contribute to physical and mental health.C) They are ways to communicate with nature.D) They keep people from various distractions.6. What is neuroscientist Antonio Damasio’s finding?A) Quiet rural settings contribute a lot to long life.B) One’s brain becomes sharp when it is activated.C) Eccentric measures are needed to keep one’s mind sober.D) When people think deeply, their neural processes are slow.7. The author moved from Manhattan to rural Japan partly because he could _______.A) stay away from the noise of the big city.B) live without modern transportation.C) enjoy the beautiful view of the countryside.D) practice asceticism in a local hermitage8. In order to see the world whole, the author thinks it necessary to __________.9. The author takes walks and reads and loses himself in the stillness of the hermitage so thathe can bring his wife and bosses and friends ___________.10. The youngish-looking man takes his little boy to the hermitage frequently so that when hegrows up he will know __________.Part III Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. Atthe end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Boththe conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) Ask his boss for a lighter schedule.B) Trade places with someone else.C) Accept the extra work willingly.D) Look for a more suitable job.12. A) It is unusual for his wife to be at home now.B) He is uncertain where his wife is at the moment.快来下载吧C) It is strange for his wife to call him at work.D) He does not believe what the woman has told him.13. A) The man is going to send out the memo tomorrow.B) The man will drive the woman to the station.C) The speakers are traveling by train tomorrow morning.D) The woman is concerned with the man’s health.14. A) The suite booked was for a different date.B) The room booked was on a different floor.C) The room booked was not spacious enough.D) A suite was booked instead of a double room.15. A) The reason for low profits.B) The company’s sales policy.C) The fierce competition they face.D) The lack of effective promotion.16. A) Go and get the groceries at once.B) Manage with what they have.C) Do some shopping on their way home.D) Have the groceries delivered to them.17. A) The hot weather in summer.B) The problem with the air conditioner.C) The ridiculous rules of the office.D) The atmosphere in the office.18. A) Set a new stone in her ring.B) Find the priceless jewel she lost.C) Buy a ring with precious diamond.D) Shop on Oxford Street for a decent gift.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Damaging public facilities.B) Destroying urban wildlife.C) Organising rallies in the park.D) Hurting baby animals in the zoo.20. A) He had bribed the park keepers to keep quiet.B) People had differing opinions about his behaviour.C) The serious consequences of his doings were not fully realised.D) His behaviour was thought to have resulted from mental illness.21. A) Brutal.快来下载吧B) Justifiable.C) Too harsh.D) Well-deserved.22. A) Encouraging others to follow his wrong-doing.B) Stealing endangered animals from the zoo.C) Organising people against the authorities.D) Attacking the park keepers in broad daylight.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She has already left school.B) She works for the handicapped.C) She is fond of practical courses.D) She is good at foreign languages.24. A) He is interested in science courses.B) He attends a boarding school.C) He speaks French and German.D) He is the brightest of her three kids.25. A) Comprehensive schools do not offer quality education.B) Parents decide what schools their children are to attend.C) Public schools are usually bigger in size than private schools.D) Children from low income families can’t really choose schools.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, youwill hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Encourage the students to do creative thinking.B) Help the students to develop communication skills.C) Cultivate the students’ ability to inspire employees.D) Focus on teaching the various functions of business.27. A) His teaching career at the Harvard Business School.B) His personal involvement in business management.C) His presidency at college and experience overseas.D) His education and professorship at Babson College.快来下载吧28. A) Development of their raw brain power.B) Exposure to the liberal arts and humanities.C) Improvement of their ability in capital management.D) Knowledge of up-to-date information technology.29. A) Reports on business and government corruption.B) His contact with government and business circles.C) Discoveries of cheating among MBA students.D) The increasing influence of the mass media.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) They have better options for their kids than colleges.B) The unreasonably high tuition is beyond their means.C) The quality of higher education may not be worth the tuition.D) They think that their kids should pay for their own education.31. A) They do too many extracurricular activities.B) They tend to select less demanding courses.C) They take part-time jobs to support themselves.D) They think few of the courses worth studying.32. A) Its samples are not representative enough.B) Its significance should not be underestimated.C) Its findings come as a surprise to many parents.D) Its criteria for academic progress are questionable.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) A newly married couple.B) A business acquaintance.C) Someone good at cooking.D) Someone you barely know.34. A) Obtain necessary information about your guests.B) Collect a couple of unusual or exotic recipes.C) Buy the best meat and the freshest fruit.D) Try to improve your cooking skills.35. A) Losing weight.B) Entertaining guests.C) Making friends.D) Cooking meals.快来下载吧Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have written.People with disabilities comprise a large but diverse segment of the population. It is (36) ______ that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. (37)______ half of these disabilities are “developmental,” i.e., they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often from (38) ______ conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as (39) ______, communication and employment. Most other disabilities are considered (40) ______, i.e., caused by outside forces.Before the 20th century, only a small (41) ______ of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for such conditions as stroke or spinal cord (42) ______ was unavailable. People whose disabilities should not have inherently affected their life span were often so mistreated that they (43) ______. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which (44) . Unfortunately, these basics are often all that is available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, getan education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.(45)________________________________________________________________ _______. Disabled people formed grassroots coalitions to advocate their rights to integration and meaningful equality of opportunity. (46) . In the mid-1970s, critical legislation mandated （规定）access to education, public transportation, and public facilities, and prohibited employment discrimination by federal agencies or employers receiving federal funds. Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 54 are based on the following passage.A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison, in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others. In particular, we engage in two types of comparison. First, we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness, intelligence, popularity, etc. Here, the important aspect is to compare with an appropriate reference group. For example, modest joggers should not compare their performance with Olympic standard marathon (马拉松) runners. Second, we judge the extent to which we are the same as or different from others. At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense. Thus, wearing the rightbrand of clothes or shoes may be of the utmost importance. We also need to know whether our thoughts, beliefs and ideas are in line with those of other people. This is part of the process of self-validation whereby we employ self-disclosures to seek support for ourself-concept.People who do not have access to a good listener may not only be denied the opportunity to heighten their self-awareness, but they are also denied valuable feedback as to the validity and acceptability of their inner thoughts and feelings. By discussing these with others, we receive feedback as to whether these are experiences which others have as well, or whether they are less common. Furthermore, by gauging the reactions to our self-disclosures we learn what types are acceptable or unacceptable with particular people and in specific situations. On occasions it is the fear that certain disclosures may be unacceptable to family or friends that motivates an individual to seek professional help. Counsellors will be familiar with client statements such as: “I just couldn’t talk about this to my husband.”, “I really can’t let my mother know my true feelings.” Another aspect of social comparison in the counselling context relates to a technique known as normalising. This is the process whereby helpers provide reassurance to clients that what they are experiencing is not abnormal快来下载吧or atypical (非典型的), but is a normal reaction shared by others when facing such circumstances. Patient disclosure, facilitated by the therapist, seems also to facilitate the process of normalising.47. To evaluate ourselves, the author thinks it important forus to compare ourselves with_______.48. During adolescence, people generally feel an immense pressure to appear _______.49. It is often difficult for people to heighten their self-awareness without _______.50. What can people do if they find what they think or say unacceptable to family or friends?51. Counsellors often assure their clients that what they experience themselves is only_______.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）,B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Amid all the job losses, there’s one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for: nonhumans.From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scanand read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs, and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,” says economics professor Ed ward Leamer. The recession permanently wiped out 2.5 million jobs. U.S. gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6% fewer workers. To be sure, robotics are not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing (外包) stealing far more jobs than automation.Jeff Burnstein, president of the Robotics Industry Association, argues that robots actually save U.S. jobs. His logic: companies that embrace automation might use fewer workers, but tha t’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans, though often they are. It’s that they’re better. “In some cases the quality requirements are so exacting that even if you wanted to ha ve a hu man do the job, you couldn’t,” Burnstein says.Same goes for surgeons, who’re using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications, says Dr. Myriam Curet.Surgeons may survive the robot invasion, but others at the hospital might not be so lucky, as iRobot, maker of the Roomba, a robot vacuum cleaner, has been showing off Ava, which could be used as a messenger in a hospital. And once you’re home, recovering, Ava could let you talk to your doctor, so there’s no need to send someone to your house. That “mobile telepresence” could be useful at the office. If you’re away on atrip, yo u can still attend a meeting. Just connect via videoconferencing software, so your face appears on Ava’s screen. Is any job safe? I was hoping to say “journalist,” but researchers are already developing software that can gather facts and write a news story. Which means that a few years from now, a robot could be writing this column. And who will read it? Well, there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.快来下载吧注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
六级词汇宝典
CET-6词汇宝典概述：CET6中词汇有30道，共15分.30％是四级词汇，70％是六级词汇。
一般48％的考生能拿7.5分，15％的拿10分，2％的拿15分。
六级要求掌握5500个单词，与考研相比，只差206个。
答题要点：同义词均不选特点：喜欢考难的单词,homogeneously同一的,基因(前缀,词根adj adv)make a reservation订房间:(出现两次) commitment商业方面的约定engagement一般的约定(也指订婚) gorgeous秀色可餐，太美了lease签租约mortgage抵押,贷款installment分期付款collide with与......相冲突六级的最爱：deprive of剥夺budget预算compensation弥补，补偿eternal永恒的intuition直觉penalty惩罚,点球potential潜在的in terms of在......方面sheer完全的trivial琐碎的六级的旧爱：regardless of除了六级新宠（2002）demonstrate演示demonstrated beauty倾国倾城mingled情感、气息、气味的混合永陪词汇（永远不成为答案）：claim有100多条解释Constrain陪考：empirical凭经验的，主观的出现giant panda/species就选死光光，绝种extinct记忆方法：词根法＋联想法spir=breath(呼吸)inspire吸入空气-->产生灵感conspiracy共同呼吸-->同谋者expire断气-->过期，满期perspire出汗，流汗aspire不断地呼吸-->渴望ers＝turn(旋转)Universe围绕地旋转-->宇宙,单一的，同样的converse扭转,共同地reverse颠倒，反转，倒带,反diverse不同的vertigo头晕,分开cess=go(走路)access一再地走-->接近,一再excess超过-->过渡,超出recess走回来-->休息process前进，加工scend=climb(爬)ascend v.攀登，轻薄物体的上升，声音从远处传来descendant n.后代（在你后面爬）transcend v.超越，胜过cest跑ancestor在前面跑-->祖先sophomore大二生PS：九三学社,上午九点起,，下午睡到3点cur跑precursor在前面跑-->祖先form形式reform一再地改变形式-->改革conform共同->符合perform演出deform不好的形式-->畸形不好sophy智慧sophisticated复杂的，老于世故的聪明的，睿智的philosophy哲学,爱智慧rupt＝break(断裂) bankrupt破产interrupt打断exclusive interview人物专访corrupt r双写＋co=共同共同在断-->腐败-->破坏excursion跑出去-->旅游clude=closeexclusive a.排他的，独占的，专属的exclude v.排除在外inclusive a.包围住的，包括的preclude v.预防，妨碍ped脚expedition脚出去-->探险biped双足的pedal脚蹬的地方define加强限定-->下定义stat站在那stationary静止的statue全身雕塑scribe=write(写)ascribe归因于subscribe订阅，提交,在下面写conscribe征兵circumscribe限制,圆圈ps:《西游记》"三打白骨精"中老孙给唐僧划了个圈，限制范围，保护他。
六级速成宝典
六级速成宝典核心词汇大学英语CET六级词汇总结！！概述：CET6中词汇有30道，共15分。
30％是四级词汇，70％是六级词汇。
一般48％的考生能拿7.5分，1 5％的拿10分，2％的拿15分。
六级要求掌握5500个单词，与考研相比，只差206个。
答题要点：1.同义词均不选特点：喜欢考难的单词,eg: homogeneously同一的基因 (前缀词根 adj adv)订房间:make a reservation(出现两次)商业方面的约定：commitment一般的约定：engagement(也指订婚)秀色可餐，太美了:gorgeous签租约：lease抵押,贷款：mortgage分期付款：installment与……相冲突：collide with六级的最爱：deprive of 剥夺；budget 预算；compensation 弥补，补偿 eternal永恒的；intuition 直觉；penalty 惩罚，点球；potential 潜在的；in terms of在……方面；sheer完全的；trivial 琐碎的；六级的旧爱：regardless of 除了六级新宠（2002）demonstrate 演示；demonstrated beauty 倾国倾城；mingled情感、气息、气味的混合永陪词汇（永远不成为答案）：claim有100多条解释Constrain陪考：empirical 凭经验的，主观的出现giant panda/species 就选死光光，绝种extinct记忆方法：词根法＋联想法spir=breath(呼吸) cess=go(走路)inspire吸入空气——>产生灵感 access一再地走——>接近conspiracy共同呼吸——>同谋者一再expire断气——>过期，满期 excess超过——>过渡perspire出汗，流汗超出aspire不断地呼吸——>渴望 recess走回来——>休息process前进，加工Vers＝turn(旋转) form 形式Universe 围绕地旋转——>宇宙 reform 一再地改变形式——> 改革单一的，同样的 conform 共同—>符合converse 扭转 perform 演出共同地 deform 不好的形式——>畸形reverse 颠倒，反转，倒带不好反diverse 不同的 vertigo 头晕 scend=climb(爬)分开 ascend v.攀登，轻薄物体的上升，sophy智慧声音从远处传来sophisticated 复杂的，老于世故的 descendant n.后代（在你后面爬）聪明的，睿智的 transcend v.超越，胜过philosophy 哲学 cest跑爱智慧 ancestor 在前面跑——>祖先sophomore 大二生 cur跑PS：九三学社，上午九点起，下午睡到3点 precursor 在前面跑——>祖先excursion 跑出去——>旅游rupt＝break(断裂) clude=closebankrupt 破产 exclusive a.排他的，独占的，专属的interrupt 打断 exclude v.排除在外exclusive interview 人物专访corrupt r双写＋co=共同 inclusive a.包围住的，包括的共同在断——>腐败——>破坏 preclude v.预防，妨碍scribe=write(写)ascribe 归因于 rip(撕裂)subscribe 订阅，提交 grip v. 抓在下面写 gripping 扣人心弦的conscribe 征兵circumscribe 限制 tent扩展，延展圆圈 intentionally 故意地ps:《西游记》“三打白骨精”中老孙给唐僧 content 内容划了个圈，限制范围，保护他。
六级考试宝典
长难句分析最佳方法就是找到动词。
每个英文句子只能有一个动词，其他的成分都是围绕这个动词存在，如果用两个或者更多，只能是从句或者并列结构。
这样再难再长的句子都可以看出其所要表述的意思。
单词量是根本，只能多记。
临时用于增加词汇量的方法错误或不当前缀mis- mal- pseudo-表示向背的前缀pro- anti-pro表示程度的前缀arch- super- ultra-首","大","总","第一" 超级非常over- under- mini- semi-半时间前缀pre- fore- post-前预先之后表示方位sub- inter- trans-下间穿通1、误用这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是比较有特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并改正。
比较常见的错误有：a、派生反义词directly-indirectly。
b、little-much。
2、连接词误用连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴，但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，也就是上下文的理解。
连接词有很多种，有并列连词，如and, but, or等，主从连词，如because, if, after等，以及其他连接介词和副词，如however, despite等。
3、指代错误这一般考查的是代词的指代，在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。
当然同时还要注意区分主格和宾格。
4、介词错误这是改错中最常见的一种错误，当然这也包括一些用法搭配上的错误，这种错误在历年的考试当中出现的频率非常高。
5、名词和冠词的错误最近比较经常考查名词的错误的是关于名词的单复数问题。
6、非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、动名词和分词。
其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，其特点是：不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为“非谓语动词”的原因。
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2011-2012年大学英语四六级考试72种必备关键句型(新东方内参精华版)
2011-2012年大学英语四六级考试72种必备关键句型（新东方内参精华版）1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3. "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a crime.5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于""，表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。
""译为毫无"，"全无"。
"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。
something like译为"有点像，略似。
"They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。
历年六级完型(2012.12 六级备考)
Part V CloseDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D)on the right side of paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.2012年6月Music produces profound and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the 62 that listening to Mozart’s So nata for Two Pianos in D Major could boost mental functioning. It was not long63 trademarked ―Mozart effect‖ products began to appeal to anxious parents aiming to put toddlers (刚学步的孩子) 64 the fast track to prestigious universities like Harvard and Ya le. Georgia’s governor even 65 giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.The 66 for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the 67 study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years, 68 , scientists have examined the benefits of a concerted 69 to study and practice music, as 70 to playing a Mozart CD or acomputer-based―brain fitness‖ game 71 in a while.Advanced monitoring 72 have enabled scientists to see what happens 73 your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music74 can produce profound and lasting changes that 75 the general ability to learn. These results should 76 public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ripe for discarding in the budget crises that constantly 77 public schools.Studies have shown that 78 instrument training from an early age can help the brain to 79 sounds better, making it easier to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically adept (擅长的)are better able to 80 on a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom 81 , a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate. They can attend to several things at once in the mental scratch pad called working memory, an essential skill in this era of multitasking.62.A)notice B)note C)notion D)notification63.A)that B)until C)since D)Before64.A)up B)by C)on D)at65.A)propelled B) proposed C) submitted D)subjected66.A)witness B) evidence C) symptom D)context67.A)subtle B) elementary C) sensitive D)original68.A)however B)moreover C) then D)therefore69.A)effort B)impulse C) object D)attention70.A)opposed B)accustomed C) related D)devoted71.A)quite B)once C) often D)much72.A)organisms B)techniquesC) mechanisms D)mechanics73.A)upon B)amid C) among D)inside74.A)subjects B)models C) causes D)lessons75.A)enhance B)introduce C) accelerate D)elaborate76.A)contend B) convey C) conceive D)convince77.A)trouble B)transform C) distract D)disclose78.A)urgent B)casual C) diligent D)solemn79.A)proceed B)process C) prefer D)predict80.A)count B)concentrate C) insist D)depend81.A)but B)or C) for D)soIf you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the28-year-old Chicago resident __62__ to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about __63__ the chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic __64__ was doing to the environment. So she __65__ on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't __66__ plastic. "I went in and __67__ bought anything," Haegele says. She did __68__ some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk –69 to discover later that both containers were 70 with plastic resin (树脂). "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well __71__ its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005 – 27 million tons of which __72__ in landfills (垃圾填埋场). Our food and water come __73__ in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the __74__ adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists feel worried about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of __75__ chemicals making their way from 76 plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life – she isn't __77__ the only one blogging about this kind of __78__. But those who've tried know it's __79__ from easy togo plastic-free. "These things seem to be so common __80__ it is practically impossible to avoid coming into __81__ with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.62. A) resolved B) recovered C) removed D) retreated63. A) when B) what C) who D) why64. A) essence B) unit C) crust D) rubbish65. A) hinged B) hopped C) stretched D) dipped66. A) include B) induce C) compose D) consist67. A) slightly B) nearly C) roughly D) barely68. A) pursue B) prescribe C) preserve D) purchase69. A) rather B) ever C) merely D) only70. A) probed B) coupled C) lined D) combined71. A) by B) over C) on D) under72. A) ended up B) pulled up C) put up D) set up 73. A) trapped B) adapted C) wrapped D) adopted74. A) interactively B) remotelyC) infinitely D) resolutely75. A) sensible B) toxic C) attractive D) absurd76. A) household B) family C) internal D) civil77. A) hardly B) largely C) even D) still78. A) endeavor B) recreationC) accomplishment D) diligence79. A) well B) little C) far D) much80. A) while B) which C) but D) that81. A) fashion B) approach C) contact D) agreementOrganised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to 62 to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's resume, 63 now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalise the achievements of students who 64 time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly 65 job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside 66 qualifications."Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn't 67 appreciate the value of what they did 68 the lecture hall," says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. "Employers are much more 69 than they used to be. They used to look for 70 and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant's skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are 71 to the job."Students who sign 72 for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or 73 work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity 74 , crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. 75 efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who 76 best on the sports field can take the Sporting PLuS Award which fostersemployer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be 77 organised. "We're not just interested in easily identifiable skills," says Goodman. " 78 , one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so 79 negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives."Goodman hopes the 80 will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active 81 to take up activities outside their academic area of work.62. A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers63. A) which B) but C) unless D) since64. A) divide B)devote C) deliver D) donate65. A) harmonious B) competitiveC) resourceful D) prosperous66. A) artistic B) technicalC) academic D) interactive67. A) dominantly B) earnestlyC) necessarily D) gracefully68. A) outside B) along C) over D) through69. A) generous B) considerateC) enlightening D) demanding70. A) origin B) initial C) popularity D) potential71. A) relevant B) responsiveC) reluctant D) respective 72. A) out B) off C) away D) up73. A) casual B) elective C) domestic D) voluntary74. A) or B) thus C) so D) and75. A) Occasional B) ExceptionalC) Informative D) Relative76. A) perform B) convey C) circulate D) formulate77. A) roughly B) randomlyC) formally D) fortunately78. A) For instance B) In essenceC) In contrast D) Of course79. A) demonstrated B) determinedC) operated D) involved80. A) device B) section C) scheme D) distraction81. A) attendants B) agents C) members D) peersAmerica’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a pay wall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.Struggling 64 an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 65 to introduce a ―metered‖ model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 66 a set number of its online articles per month.The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 67 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not 68 internet readers, and certain papers, 69 London’s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions 70 .The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: ―This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.‖Boasting a print 73 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, 74 the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. 75 most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 76 national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 77 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world.But 78 many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a 79 financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 80 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million 81 from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.62. A set in B. set out C] carry over D] carry away63. A abusing B deductingC] developing D. abandoning64. A. with B beside C] along D] by65. A engages B intends C] deliberates D] signifies66. A .exceeded B multiplied C] assumed D] revealed67. A. on B of C] over D] up68. A cost B consume C] expend D. charge69. A as for B far from C. such as D] by far70. A reliable B free C] applicable D] easy71. A resisted B certifiedC. acknowledged D] appealed72. A net B] kit C. bet D] pit 73. A evaluation B] expansionC. circulation D] dimension74. A. behind B] against C] before D] within75. A If B. While C] Hence D] Because76. A ascend B] announce C] lengthen D. claim77. A contributes B] disposesC. maintains D] encounters78. A. like B] beyond C] from D] through79. A heavy B] crude C] rough D. serious80. A targeted B] suspendedC] suffered D] tolerated81. A asset B] bill C] account D. loanA new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind __71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take __80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.62. A) findings B) theses C) hypotheses D) abstracts63. A) adapt B) attribute C) allocate D) alternate64. A) amongst B) along C) beside D) with65. A) glued B) related C) tracked D) appointed66. A) scraping B) denying C) depressing D) shrinking67. A) published B) simulatedC) illuminated D) circulated68. A) at B) to C) for D) over69. A) fully B) simply C) seriously D) uniquely70. A) vital B) casual C) fatal D) subtle71. A) still B) already C) too D) yet72. A) benefits B) profits C) revenues D) awards 73. A) outward B) apart C) aside D) outside74. A) Immunity B) ReactionC) Exposure D) Addiction75. A) much B) less C) more D) little76. A) installment B) expedition C) analysis D) option77. A) curiously B) negativelyC) necessarily D) comfortably78. A) relieved B) delegatedC) approved D) performed79. A) merely B) always C) mainly D) almost80. A) advantage B) exception C) measure D) charge81. A) elevated B) merciful C) contented D) gratefulMcDonald's, Greggs, KFC and Subway are today named as the most littered brands in England as Keep Britain Tidy called on fast food companies to do more to tackle customers who drop their wrappers and drinks cartons (盒子) in the streets.Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, 62 its new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it had investigated which 63 made up ―littered England‖ and the same names appeared again and again. ―We64 litterers for dropping this fast food litter 65 the first place but also believe the results have pertinent (相关的) messages for the fast food 66 . McDonald's, Greggs, KFC and Subway need to do more to 67 littering by their customers.”He recognised efforts made by McDonald's, 68 placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter remained “all too prevalent”. All fast food chains should reduce 69 packaging, he added. Companies could also reduce prices 70 those who stayed to eat food on their premises, offer money off vouchers (代金券) or other 71 for those who returned packaging and put more bins at 72 points in local streets, not just outside their premises. A 73 for McDonald's said: “We do our best. Obviously we ask all our customers to dispose of litter responsibly.”Trials of more extensive, all day litter patrols were 74 in Manchester and Birmingham. KFC said it took its 75 on litter management “very seriously”, and would introduce a programme to reduce packaging 76 many products. Subway said that it worked hard to 77 the impact of litter on communities，78 it was ―still down to the 79 customer to dispose of their litter responsibly‖. Gre ggs said it recognised the ―continuing challenge for us all‖,80 having already taken measures to help 81 the issue.62.A) elevating B) conveningC) launching D) projecting63. A) signals B) signs C) commercials D) brands64. A) condemn B) refute C) uncover D) disregard65. A) around B) toward C) in D) off66. A) industry B) career C) profession D) vocation67. A) exclude B) discourage C) suppress D) retreat68. A) incorporating B) includingC) comprising D) containing69.A) unreliable B) unrelatedC) unimportant D) unnecessary70. A) for B) about C) with D) to 71. A) accessories B) merits C) incentives D) dividends72. A) curious B) mysterious C) strange D) strategic73. A) narrator B) spokesman C) mediator D) broker74. A) in season B) at risk C) off hand D) under way75. A) responsibility B) liabilityC) commission D) administration76. A) around B) by C) on D) above77. A) divert B) minimize C) degrade D) suspend78. A) if B) whether C) so D) but79. A) individual B) concrete C) unique D) respective80. A) except B) without C) despite D) via81. A) deal B) tackle C) cope D) disposeSome historian say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency (总统任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a __62__ project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human __63__ as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower’s interstate highways __64__ the nation together in new ways and __65__ major economic growth by making commerce less __66__. Today, an information superhighway has been built—an electronic network that __67__ libraries, corporations, government agencies and __68__. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, __69__ it is the backbone (主干) of the World Wide Web.The Internet had its __70__ in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network called ARPAnet, which__71__ Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to __72__ information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF), __73__ mission is to promote science, took over.This new NSF network __74__ more and more institutional users, may of __75__ had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that __76__ the NSF network had intracampus computer networks. The NSF network __77__ became a connector for thousands of other networks. __78__ a backbone system that interconnects networks, internet was a name that fit.So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure (基础设施) on which web __79__ move. It began as a military communication system, which expanded into a government-funded __80__ research network.Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying intuitions of many sorts together __81__ an “information superhighway.”62. A．concise B．radical C．massive D．trivial63. A．behaviors B．endeavorsC．inventions D．elements64.A．packed B．stuckC．suppressed D．bound65.A．facilitated B．modifiedC．mobilized D．terminated66.A．competitive B．ComparativeC．exclusive D．expensive67. A．merges B．connects C．relays D．unifies68. A．figures B．personalities C．individuals D．humans69. A．And B．yet C．or D．while70. A．samples B．sources C．origins D．precedents71. A．stood by B．stood forC．stood against D．stood over72. A．exchange B．bypass C．switch D．interact73. A．their B．that C．when D．whose74. A．expanded B．ContractedC．attracted D．extended75. A．what B．which C．these D．them76. A．Joined B．attached C．participated D．involved77. A．moreover B．however C．likewise D．then78. A．With B．By C．In D．As79. A．Contexts B．signs C．messages D．leaflets80. A．citizen B．civilian C．amateur D．resident81. A．into B．amid C．over D．TowardIndividuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual proper 62 from creative thinking and may include products, 63 , processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected 64 misappropriation(盗用).Misappropriation is taking the Intellectual property of others with our 65 compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the 66 of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the US patent office 67 a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is 68 . The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner’s 69 for a period of 20 years.Copyrights are similar to patents 70 that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an 71 artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, 72 , display, or perform the work.. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work, the 73 of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author 74 an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and 75 it from similar goods of others. A service mark is similar to a trademark 76 is used to identify services. A trademark prevents others from using the 77 or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and 78 of the brand or to create confusion in the market place. 79 registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be 80 for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as 81 as the mark’s use continues.62. [A]retrieves [B]deviates [C]results [D]departs63.[A]services [B]reserves [C]assumptions [D]motions64. [A]for [B] with [C]by [D]from65. [A] sound [B] partial [C] due [D] random66. [A] users [B] owners [C] masters [D] executives67. [A] affords [B] affiliates [C] funds [D] grants68. [A] solemn [B] sober [C] unique [D] universal69. [A] perspective [B] permission[C] conformity[D] consensus70. [A] except [B] besides [C] beyond [D] despite71. [A] absolute [B] alternative[C] original [D] orthodox72.[A] presume [B] stimulate[C] nominate [D] distribute73. [A] range [B] length [C] scale [D] extent74. [A] plus [B] versus [C] via [D] until75. [A] distract [B] differ[C] distinguish [D] disconnect76. [A] or [B] but [C] so [D] whereas77. [A] identical [B] analogical [C] literal [D] parallel78. [A] ambiguity [B] utility[C] popularity [D] proximity79. [A] from [B] over [C] before [D] upon80. [A] recurred [B] renewed[C] recalled [D] recovered81. [A] long [B] soon [C] far [D] wellSeven years ago, when I was visiting Germany, I Met with an official who explained to me that the country had a perfect solution to its economic problems. Watching the U.S. economy ___62___ during the ‘90s, the Germans had decided that they, too, needed to go the high-technology ___63___. But how? In the late ‘90s, the answer schemed obvious. Indians. ___64___ all, Indian entrepreneurs accounted for one of every three Silicon Valley start-ups. So the German government decided that it would ___65___ Indians to Term any just as America does by ___66___ green cards. Officials created something called the German Green Card and ___67___ that they would issue 20,000 in the first year. ___68___, the Germans expected that tens of thousands more Indians would soon be begging to come, and perhaps the ___69___ would have to be increased. But the program was a failure. A year later ___70___ half of the 20,000 cards had been issued. After a few extensions, the program was ___71___.I told the German official at the time that I was sure the ___72___ would fail. It’s not that I had any particular expertise in immigration policy, ___73___ I understood something about green cards, because I had one (the American ___74___). The German Green Card was mismand,I argued,__75__it never,under anycircumtances,translated into German citizenship.The U.S.green card,by contrast,is an almost__76__path to becoming American (after five years and a clean record).The official__77__my objection,saying that there was no way Germany was going to offer these peoplecitizenship.”we need young tach workers,”he said.”that’s what this pro-gram is all __78__.”so Germany was asking bright young__79__to leavetheir country,culture and families,move thousands of miles away,learn a new language and work in a strange land—but without any__80__of ever being part of their new home.Germany was senging a signal, one that was ___81___ received in India and other countries, and also by Germany’s own immigrant community.62. A) soar B) hover C) amplify D) intensify63. A) circuit B) strategy C) trait D) route64. A) Of B) After C) In D) At65. A) import B) kidnap C) convey D) lure66. A) offering B) installingC) evacuating D) formulating67. A) conferred B) inferred C) announced D) verified68. A) Specially B) NaturallyC) Particularly D) Consistently69. A) quotas B) digits C) measures D) scales70. A) invariably B) literally C) barely D) solely 71. A) repelled B) deleted C) combated D) abolished72. A) adventure B) response C) initiative D) impulse73. A) and B) but C) so D) or74. A) heritage B) revision C) notion D) version75 A)because B)unless C)if D)while76 A)aggressive B)automatic C)vulnerable D)voluntary77 A)overtook B)fascinated C)submitted D)dismissed78 A)towards B)round C)about D)over79 A)dwellers B)citizens C)professionals D)amateurs80 A)prospect B)suspicion C)outcome D)destination81 A)partially B)clearly C)brightly D)vividlyIn 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gattingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager—too eager, it would turn 62 —to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly. “I was able to 63 Hilbert of the general theory of relativity.”64 all of Einstein’s personal turmoil (焦躁) at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to 65 . He was struggling to find the right equations that would 66 his new concept of gravity, 67 that would define how objects move 68 space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he 69the mathematical approach he had been 70 for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a 71 pressure. Einstein discovered to his 72 that Hilbert had taken what he had lectures and was racing to come up 73 the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist. Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein 74 himself into a month-long-frantic endeavor in 75 he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he 76 to give as lectures to Berlin’s Prussian Academy of Sciences on four 77 Thursdays.His first lecture was delivered on Nov.4.1915, and it explained his new approach, 78 he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from 79 revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango (方丹戈双人舞) with his competitor Hilbert. Worried 80 being scooped (抢先), he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov.4 lecture. “I am 81 to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution,”Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.62. A) up B) over C) out D) off63. A) convince B) counsel C) persuade D) preach64. A) Above B) Around C) Amid D) Along65. A) emit B) emerge C) submit D) submerge66. A) imitate B) ignite C) describe D) ascribe67. A) ones B) those C) all D) none68. A) into B) beyond C) among D) through69. A) resolved B) realized C) accepted D) assured70. A) pursuing B) protectingC) contesting D) contending71.A) complex B) compatibleC) comparative D) competitive 72. A) humor B) horror C) excitement D) extinction73. A) to B) for C) with D) against74. A) threw B) thrust C) huddled D) hopped75. A) how B) that C) what D) which76. A) dashed B) darted C) rushed D) reeled77. A) successive B) progressiveC) extensive D) repetitive78. A) so B) since C) though D) because79. A) casually B) coarsely C) violently D) furiously80. A) after B) about C) on D) in81. A) curious B) consciousC) ambitious D) ambiguous。
2012年6月英语六级真题及答案详细解析绝对完整版
2012年6月大学英语六级考试真题试题及答案解析(完整版)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, forprofit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to t he high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits r equired for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these APstudents to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate colle ge in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipp ed my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, inc reasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。
6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。
11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。
12.It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a singlestep.千里之行始于足下。
15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。
20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。
24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。
25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。
30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。
33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
35.As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。
1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion/ debate10.有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others…13.就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am concerned，/ Personally，14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点arguments on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to…19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes：20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27.开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31.从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33.对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/投身于be committed / devoted to…40.应当承认Admittedly，41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42.满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources45.因特网the Internet(一定要由冠词，字母I大写)46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in fovor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/提供如下理由/证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56.…必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-terminterest59.长远利益interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，去其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to64.交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…66.采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of…68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on…vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one's scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.和…直接/间接相关be directly / indirectly related to…76.提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77.可以取代“think”的词believe，claim，maintain，argue，insist，hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑…give (top) priority to sth.80.与…相比compared with…/ in comparison with81.相反on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85.社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly，/ There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one's dream/ make one's dream come true94.主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows：95.首先First，Firstly，In the first place，To begin with96.其次Second，Secondly，In the second place，besides，in addition，additionally，moreover，furthermore97.最后Finally，Last but not the least，Lastly，98.总而言之All in all，To sum up，In summary，In a word，99.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go.100.加大了…的可能性increase the chances of。