北京市2009年—2018年10年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解CD篇专题(答案不全)

北京市2009年—2018年10年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解CD篇专题2018中考CSome primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能) . This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.” Says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study, “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life c ould result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the ben eficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. The second paragraph is mainly about .A. how the study was performedB. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lastedD. who took part in the study28. The word “prompt” in paragraph 6 probably means ““.A. controlB. encourageC. balanceD. change29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.DWe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it，Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for our own good.Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!Self-improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we mighthave greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.31. What is the key to solving Jane’s problem?A. She needs to remember why she started.B. She has to know how to get on with people.C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. The writer probably agrees that .A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves.B. people change when they find it easy to do that.C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Is it important to take things light?B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?2017北京中考 CBuying Is Doing?How important is shopping to you? How much time do you spend buying things? And how much time do you spend organizing these things in your home? In the future, how much time will you spend in movie theaters, at amusement parks, at shopping malls, or at convenience stores? When you add it all up, you will probably see you spend a lot of your life consuming（消费）things.Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.Imagine that you ha ve a week off from school. You don’t have to go to class. However, in this week, you cannot spend any money ----- no shopping, no movies, no eating out. How would you spend your time? What things would bring you happiness? Perhaps you would take a walk with your best friend. Perhaps you would help a child read. Or you might spend time with your family.When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why? Non-con suming activities are active, not passive. They don’t come in a package. You make the experience yourself. For example, each person who reads to a child will have a different experience. The experience changes with the reader, the child, and the book. Similarly, when you have a conversation with a friend, you are actively creating an experience. The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be experienced or recreated by anyone else. However, if you watch a movie with a friend, you will each have a package experience. It requires no action and little interaction between the two of you.The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences. We feel that we must consume because we believe that buying is doing. However, we can start a personal revolution （变革）against consumerism. How? By consuming less. We can ask ourselves what experiences bring us the greatest satisfaction. Then we can organize our lives so that we have more of those kinds of experiences.49. If consuming products takes too much time, we should ____________.A. spend less moneyB. think about it carefullyC. organize our thingsD. go to convenience stores50. According to the passage, the writer believes that _____________.A. we can say no to consumerism by consuming lessB. buying things can bring us the greatest satisfactionC. the environment seldom influences our shopping choicesD. consuming experiences will be our most important memories51. What is the writer’s main purpose in wri ting this passage?A. To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time.B. To encourage people to have more active experiences.C. To explain reasons behind people’s shopping behavior.D. To share his personal experience in consuming products.D篇Say you’re si tting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game’s easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says.The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure（同伴压力）, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effectof peer pressure in a number of different areas.We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.52. According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens ____________.A. like to play driving games with their friendsB. prefer situations where they have time to thinkC. may take more risks when their friends are aroundD. are slow in making decisions when they are on their own53. The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “_________”.A. when teens avoid possible risksB. when teens trust their judgmentC. when teens lose control over their angerD. when teens give consideration to situations54. What can we learn from the passage?A. Teens are eager to be different from their peers.B. Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults.C. Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens.D. Tees think it challenging to get good grades at school.55. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It?B. Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It?C. Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend MakingD. Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 49BAB 52CCBD 2016北京中考 CAre You Right Handed or Left Handed？Which hand do you use when write？About 8to 15percent of people are left handed．They often have to use tools that are designed for right﹣handed people．So it is difficult for left﹣handers to use most tools．If you are right handed，try this experiment：Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces．Don't be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）．In the past，people thought it was strange to use the left hand．Young students looked down upontheir left﹣handed classmates．Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write．But these days parents and teachers have accepted that．In almost every school in the world，left﹣handed students can use their left hand to write．What causes people to be left handed or right handed？Experts have searched long and hard on this．They conclude（得出结论）that left﹣handed people are left handed for the same reason that right﹣handed people are right handed．One out of every ten people just is a left﹣hander．It's simply like the color of our eyes﹣some people have brown eyes，while some others have black eyes．However，may researchers think that left﹣handers and right﹣handers are different in some aspects．Right﹣handers are more talkative and outgoing than left﹣handers．Many right﹣handed people understand spoken words better．For example，after they listen to directions to a supermarket，they can find it easily．Right﹣handers are good at organizing people，too．They are also better basketball guards．Just ask Yao Ming．Research shows that left﹣handers are creative and artistic．Many famous performers，like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney，are left handed．Many left﹣handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）．In art，both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed．In music，Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed．In science，you find Newton and Einstein．The left﹣handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports．If you prefer one hand，but you are still good at writing with the other，you are mixed．Research shows mixed﹣handers can remember everyday things better than other people．What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago？If you're mixed handed，you can probably remember．49．If right﹣handers cut up potatoes with there left hand，they will．A．get hurt B．give up cutting C．feel awkward D．change their tools 50．What is Paragraph 2mainly about？A．Causes of being left handed．B．Encouragement to left﹣handers C．Punishment for using the left hand．D．Changes in opinions on left﹣handers．51．According to the passage，right﹣handers．A．learn better visually B．are good organizersC．are better at single sports D．give clear directions to others52．From the passage，we can learn that left﹣handers．A．may be more talkative and outgoingB．are ordinary people like right﹣handersC．might remember everyday things betterD．no longer need to use right﹣handed tools．DShould Children Be Allowed to Get Bored？Children need time to stand and stare．They should be allowed to get bored so that they can develop their ability to be creative．Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time．However，research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination，while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity．Boredom is often linked with loneliness，but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped here in developing her mind．She told researchers about her childhood．Having few things to do，Syal often talked with her neighbors．She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes．"But importantly，I thought and wrote a lot，because I was bored，"Syal said．She kept a diary，filling here time with short stories and poems she made up．Grayson Perry，an artist，grew up in a family with little money．He enjoyed himself by making up stories，drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library．Bored but free，he spent hours looking out of the window，watching the changing clouds and seasons．Perry filled up his free time with what he liked．He became creative，because he could think freely．Dr．Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning．"Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling，"she said．"But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively．So sometimes they may break a classroom window，or drive a car out for a mad race．" Usually，when children have nothing to do，they would turn on the TV，the computer，or the phone．Their time on these things has increased，yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them．It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination．On the other hand，the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process．That can be harmful to the development of creativity．"For developing the ability to be creative，"Dr．Belton advised，"perhaps we need to stand and stare，and stay off ﹣line from time to time．"53．What does the word"hamper"in Paragraph 2probably mean？A．Slow down．B．Keep up with．C．Go beyond．D．Give rise to．54．The writer talks about Syal and Perry to．A．stress the great differences between themB．introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC．suggest good ways of going through boredomD．show effects of boredom on developing creativity55．What can we learn from the passage？A．Boredom provides children with space to think freely．B．It's much better for children to be busy than be bored．C．Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly．D．It's boring for children to think about their experiences．49 CDBD 53 ADA2015北京中考 CDo you enjoy visiting a museum？Did you ever make a plan before a visit？Every museum musthave something that attracts you．And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum．If you follow these steps below，you'll know what is worth seeing and doing，so that you can make the most of your time at the museum．Decide what museum you will visit．There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like．It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!Do some research online．Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it．On the website，you may look for such things as：•The exhibits（展品）﹣See what is on show at the museum at all times，and what special exhibitions are held for a short time．•The history of the museum﹣There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors（捐赠者）．That can make your visit more interesting．•Activities﹣See whether there are talks，tours our special activities on the day when you visit．Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups．•Cost，food or shortage﹣It's important how much the visit will cost．You have to decide whether or not you can eat there．You might also need to find out transportation needs，as well as storage for coats，bags etc．Learn at least one thing on your visit．It is always good to take away something new from your visit．Plan breaks into your visit．When you walk around，standing here and studying exhibits there，you may become very tired．So it is important to take breaks．A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in museum．Take a friend or two．Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else．You can talk over what you're seeing．A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibit．49．According to the passage，we should first．A．do some research online B．make a plan for lunchD．decide on a museum to visit D．choose a friend to go with50．To make our visit more interesting，we can．A．organize activities like special shows and talksB．read the stories about exhibits and benefactorsC．learn about the interests of all age groupsD．walk around the museum without breaks51．If we visit a museum with friends，we can．A．share the experience with them B．come up with strange ideasC．cut down the cost of the visit D．discuss the next visit plan．49ABA 52ABCD 篇;New Technology Revolutionizes（变革）LearningMore and more people believe that technologies are great for learning．Today，such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses，including language，history and science．Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning．They say that students now have much moe time for discussion in the classroom．Instead of spending valable class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos，students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion．The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace．Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understandit，so they can save time for doing other things．Other students，however，might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it．Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces．The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy．They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn （such as listening to stories and watching movies）．The class has become much more interesting and creative．There are other advantages for students．By using iPads，they can pay more attention to the material and learn more．Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find．Some students spend more time studying now．"I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus，instead of having to wait until I get home，"a student explained．Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students．They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams．Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other．If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad，he will have fewer opportunities to have face﹣to﹣face communication with others．However，technologies are already a part of most students'day﹣to﹣day lives．As for cheating，teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams．Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part．We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom．52．What does the exprssion"at their own pace"in Paragraph 3probably mean？A．According to their own timetable．B．Without their teachers'help．C．Because of their wonderful goals．D．Against their parents'hope．53．From the passage we can learn that．A．students with iPads have less discussion in classB．students get more fun from learning with iPadsC．iPads help students save time waiting for busesD．iPads prevent students from cheating in exams54．The writer probably agrees that．A．teachers can take control of students' learning B．exam results depend a lot on now technology C．technology in education has a bright future D．note﹣taking is as helpful as video﹣watching．2014北京中考CHave you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves. Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But itgoes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other people with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair.We seem to believe that people with similar habits or hobbies will share similar attitude and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves or even, we think we may be safer with people who look like us. Sometimes that’s true but it's a pity if we always stick to the same people, the same group. The danger in always staying in our comfort zone (舒适区)is that we just recycle the same opinions, the same tastes and the same ideas. We lose the chance to learn something new, find out about interesting things, hear funny stories and discover difference.When we always stick to the same people, how can we ever break down the barriers which prevent us from getting to know people with different ideas? And how can we avoid the ignorance (无知),which too often leads to prejudice (偏见) and even fear? If instead you want to live in a society that ope ns to changes and new things and different opinions, be the cat among the pigeons.Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. And don't just sit there in silence. Say hello. Ask a question. Start a conversation. That’s how we make friends. That’s how we learn about people. That’s how we open our minds to new ideas. That's how we live an exciting life.53. F rom the passage, we know that people prefer sitting by someone whoA. is like themselvesB. has a sense of humorC. is open-mindedD. lives an exciting life54. People like staying in their comfort zone because they mayA.remain comfortable and specialB. be accepted easily and feel safeC.find out more interesting thingsD. discover differences among themselves55. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us just to be ourselves in social life.B. To introduce ways to learn about the world.C. To explain how people communicate with others.D. To encourage us to meet people of different kinds.DTeens want structure in their lives, which means they want their lives well-planned. To begin building structure, teens need love and trust. They need to know their parents arc there to give them needed love and support (支持).Teens want to be sure that nothing can prevent parents from shouldering their responsibility for them —not their growing maturity (成熟),misbehavior, nor anger at something they have done. Teens want parents to keep control while allowing them to make some decisions.There are some ways you can help your teens create reasonable structure and remain close. One way is to spend time together. Parents often mistake their teens’ increased inte rest in friends for a disinterest in the family.Teens would like to spend more time doing things with their parents, but watching TV is not counted as spending time together. As your teens mature, it is important for you and your teens spend time alone together, one to one. Your teens need time to talk to you alone without any oth er family member present.Talk with your teens about their interests and concerns. Make sure you really show interest in what is happening. When talking with your teens, give full attention and do not stop them.The way to help your teens become adults is to let your teens into your world. Sharing your emotions and concerns with your teens is important. Avoid causing needless worry.Trust your teens. Don't expect the worst. Hope f or the best. Telling your teens you don’t like their friends will cause the teens not to bring their friends home. If something should go wrong, believe that your teens didn’t do it on purpose.It is very important that you treat your teens with respect. Teens need the same respect adults show for total strangers. Don’t talk down to your teens.You need to be supportive o f your teens. What may be a small problem to you may be troubling to your teens. Teens don't have the experiences that adults have had. Let the teens know that you understand how much it hurts when something happens that is upsetting or hurtful to them. As they mature, they can look back at some problems they had and laugh at having been upset by something that now seems unimportant.The most important things to remember are: talk with your teens, listen to their worries and offer suggestions when needed. This will help your teens to live a well-organized life.56. A ccording to Paragraph 1, teens ______________.A. can control themselves .B. expect direction and freedom .C. don’t know how to make decisionD. don’t have responsibility for the family57. T he underline part “counted as” in Paragraph 3 probably means “____”.A. compared withB. used asC. connected withD. regarded as58. T o help teens organize their lives , parents should __________.A. invite their teens’ friends home .B. leave their teens’ problems alone .C. share their feelings with their teens .D. pay little attention to their teen s’ daily lives .59. W hat is the best title of the passage ?A. Training Teens to Become Responsible Adults .B. Helping Teens to Build Reasonable Structure .C. Improving the Relationship with Your Teens .D. Stepping into Your Teens’ Secret Word .C篇：ABD D篇：BDCB2013北京中考CAssertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions, feelings,attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn't infringe（侵犯）the rights of others.Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs above those of others. If someone says or does something that we don't like, we should just be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.。