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2020年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题及答案下载卷一

2020年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题及答案下载卷一【选词填空】The things people make，and the way they makethem，determine how cities grow and decline，and influence how empires rise and fal.So，anydisruption to the world's factories matters.And that disruption is surely coming.Factoriesare being digitised，filled with new sensors andnew computers to make them quicker，moreflexible，and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that sur-round them，learning new skills，and new waysof working.And3D printers have long promiseda world where you can make anything，any-where，from a computerised design.That visionis moving closer to reality.These forces will eadto cleaner factories，producing better goods atlower prices，personalised to our individualneeds and desires.Humans will be spared manyof the dirty，repetitive，and dangerous jobs thathave long been a feature of factory life.Greater efficiency inevitably means fewer peoplecan do the same work.Yet factory bosses in many devel aped countries are worried about alack of ski led human workers-and see automa-tion and robots as a solution.But economist Helena Leu rent says this period ofrapid change in manufacturing is a fantastic op-portunity to make the world a betterplace.“Manufacturing is the one system whereyou have got the biggest source of innovation，the biggest source of economic growth，and thebiggest source of great jobs in the past.“Youcan see it changing.That'san opportunity toshape that system differently，and if we can，itwil have enormous sign fi cance.26.K)matters27.G)flexible28.M)promised29.L)moving30.0)spared31.F)feature32.H)inevitably33.A)automation34.D)fantastic35.N)shape信息匹配：36.[E]That comment，say sMothering Justice director Dan-i elle Atkinson，"wasmeanttoshame" po37.[H]But the fact that4in10Americanscan't come upwith$400inan emergency is a commonly cited statistic forgood reason：economic instability str er ches across race，gen-der，andgeography.38.[M]According to the General Social Survey，71percent ofrespondents believe the country is spending too Little on"assistancetothepoor."39.[J]The FrameWorks Institute，aresearchgroupthatfo-c uses on public framing of issues，has studied what sustainsstereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United King-dom40.[D]If these are the central characters of our story aboutpoverty，what layers of perceptions，myths，and realities mustwe unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?41.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42.[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people ofcolor-specificallyblackwomenand”blackmothers，"saysAtkinson of Mothering Justice.43.[L]Negative images remain of whois living in poverty aswell as what is needed to moveoutofit.44.[E]That comment，say sMothering Justice director Dan-ielleAtkinson，"wasmeanttoshame”45.[L]Those external factors include the difficulties accom-panyinglow-wage work or structural discrimination basedonrace，gender，orability.仔细阅读：P146.C They did not become popular until the emergenceof improved batteries.47.BThefaling prices of e bike batteries.48.DIt will profit from e bike sharing49.A Retailers'refusaltodealinebikes.50.D The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable ridingP251.A Tosway public opinion of the impact of human成activities on Earth52.Cit covers more phenomena53.D Deliberate choice of words o ass54.B For greater precision.55.C Human activities have serious effects on Earth.。

2020年高考文综地理真题试卷(全国Ⅱ)(word版+答案+解析)

2020年高考文综地理真题试卷（全国Ⅱ）一、选择题。

（共4题；共44分）1.地名常和所在地特定时期的地理环境有关。

下图所示区域有1700多个行政村，其中85%以上村名与自然要素或地理方位等有关。

该区域处于毛乌素沙地与黄土高原的过渡地带。

据此完成下面小题。

（1）与图示区域中地名“河”“梁”“柳”相关的自然要素依次是（）A.水文、地貌、植被B.地貌、水文、植被C.植被、地貌、水文D.水文、植被、地貌（2）图示甲、乙两地区地名中“河”“沟”“湾”等出现的比例很高，表明乙（）A.风俗习惯改变B.土地利用结构稳定C.人口迁徙频繁D.自然环境变化较大2.巢湖平原某地人多地少，原来种植双季稻，越冬作物以油菜为主，近年来随着城镇化的发展、机械化的普及和青壮年劳动力外出务工，这里多种植单季稻，收割后多不经翻耕播种收益较低的越冬作物小麦。

下图为该地收割水稻后播种了小麦的农田景观，其中浅色的为稻茬。

据此完成下面小题。

（1）在收割水稻后的农田中播种小麦，需在田地中打沟。

打沟主要是为了（）A.灌溉B.排水C.防虫害D.通风（2）推测这里不经翻耕播种小麦的主要目的是（）A.提高产量B.减少水土流失C.降低生产成本D.减少蒸发（3）近年来，该地（）A.种植结构复杂化B.复种指数提高C.田间管理精细化D.种田大户增多3.对我国甘肃某绿洲观测发现，在天气稳定的状态下，会季节性出现绿洲地表温度全天低于周边沙漠的现象。

下图呈现该绿洲和附近沙漠某时段内地表温度的变化。

据此完成下面小题。

（1）图示观测时段内（）A.正午绿洲和沙漠长波辐射差值最大B.傍晚绿洲降温速率大于沙漠C.凌晨绿洲和沙漠降温速率接近D.上午绿洲长波辐射强于沙漠（2）导致绿洲夜间地表温度仍低于沙漠的主要原因是绿洲（）①白天温度低②蒸发(腾)多③空气湿度大④大气逆辐射强A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④（3）这种现象最可能发生在（）A.1~2月B.4~5月C.7~8月D.10~11月4.如图所示，乌拉尔山脉绵延于西西伯利亚平原与东欧平原之间。

2020年9月英语六级真题与答案解析第1套(优质)(免费下载)

2020年9月六级真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying What比worth doing比worth doing well. You should write at le邸t堕words but no more than空words.Part Il Section A Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: In this section, you w讥hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spo枷only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer fro m the four c加ices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding let阮on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the c邠tre.Questions 1 to 4 are b邸ed on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) She can devote all her life to pUl'Suing her passion.B)Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.C)She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.D)Her research fmdings are widely acclaimed in the world.2.A) Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.B)Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.C)Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.D)Science education and scientific research.3.A) A better understanding of a subject.C)A broader胚owledge of related fields.B)A stronger w诅to meet challenges.D)A closer relationship with yo皿g people.4.A) By applying the latest research methods.C)By building upon previous discoveries.B)By making full use of the existing da组D)By utilizing more powerful computers. Questions 5 to 8 are b邸ed on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) They can predict future events.C)They have cultural connotations.B)They have no special meanings.D)They cannot be easily explained.6.A) It was canceled due to bad weather.C)She dreamed of a plane crash.B)She overslept and m访sed the flight.D)It was postponed to the following day.7.A) They can be affected by people's childhood experiences.B)They may sometimes seem ridi叫ous to a rational mind.C)They usually result from people's unpleasant memories.D)They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.8.A) They call for scientific methods to interpret. C) They reflect their complicated emotions.B)They mirror their long-cherished wishes.D)They are often related to irrational feelings.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will加ar three or four questions. Both the passage a砬the questions will be spoken only once.扣you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fro m the four或oices markedA), B), C) a饥t D). Then血rk the corn邸po砬ing letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Radio waves.B)Sound waves.C)Robots.D)Satellites.10.A) It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier. C) It may have certain rare m加rals in it.B)It may have micro-organisms living in it.D)It may be as deep as four kilometers.11.A) Help understand life in freezing conditions. C) Provide information about other planets.B)Help find new sources of fresh water.D)Shed light on possible life in outer space. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) He found there had been little research on their language.B)He w邸trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.C)His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.D)His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.13.A) He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.B)He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland's gifts.C)He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.D)He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.14.A) Unpredictable.C)Laborious.B)U司ustifiable.D)Tedious.15.A) Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.B)Their sense of sharing and caring.C)Their readiness to adapt to technology.D)Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.Section CDirections : In this section, you will hear th咳芘co动ngs of lectures or tal尥Jo肋wed by thrne or four questions. 加recordings will be play必only o奴，e.加you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer fro m the f our choices marked A) , B) ,C) a叫D).Then mark thecorresponding let阮on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the c砌tre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They tend to be silenced into submission. C) They w诅feel proud of being pioneers.B)They find it hard to defend themselves.D)They w诅feel somewhat encouraged.17.A) One who advocates violence in effecting change.B)One who craves for relentless transformations.C)One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.D)One who rebels against the existing social order.18.A) They tried to effect social change by force. C) They seived as a driving force for progress.B)They disrupted the n扰ion's social stability. D) They did more hann than good to humani灯Questions 19 to 21 are b邸ed on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate envirorunent.B)It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.C)Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.20.A) Malce up his mind to start all over again.B)Stop making unfair judgements of others.C)Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.D)Recognise the negative impact of his coworke岱21.A) They are quite susceptible to suicide.C)They suffer a great deal from ill health.B)They improve people•s quality of life.D)They help people solve mental problems. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have j皿t heard.22.A) Few people can identify its texture.C)Its real value is open to interpretation.B)Few people can describe it precisely.D)Its importance is often over-estimated.23.A) It has never seen any change.C)It is a well-protected government secret.B)It has much to do with color.D)It is a subject of study by many forgers.24.A) People had little faith in paper money.C)It predicted their value would increase.B)They could last longer in circulation.D)They were more difficult to counterfeit.25.A) The stabilization of the dollar value.C)A gold standard for American currency.B)The issuing of government securities.D)A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.Part川Section A Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all阜，while women wo可only about the skills in which they've invested工．压k a man and a woman to go diving for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to say he's not feeling too well.Ironically, it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure. Praise won for _J巠_a skill suddenly pu岱one in the position of having eve rythin g to lose. Rather than putting their reputation on the line again, many successful people develop a handicap-chinking, 塑_,depression-that allows them to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive _堕_for depression shortly after winning an award put it this way: "Without my depression, I'd be a failure now; with it, rm a success'on hold.'"In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those�with success. Such people are so afraid of being _塾_a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain away failure.Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now and then, in the end, researchers say, it will lead to _£L. In the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true�and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the 35 , they have only themselves to blame.—--A)contn叩I)momentumB)fati gue J)obsessedC)heavily K)potentialD)heaving L)realmsE)hospitalized M)reciprocalF)labeled N)rui nG)legacies0)viciouslySection BDirections: 1九this secti叨，you are going to read a p心sage with ten statements at垃ched to it. Each S比如呻t C叨tains in/ormat如gi扼n切one of the pa呻aphs.11如tify the paragraphfrom which the切if o rmat加is derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha九once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answ衍the questions by mark切g theC听esp叨di叨letter叩Answer Sheet 2.Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual EducationA)Brains, brains, brains. People are fascinated by brain research. And yet it can be hard to point toplaces where our education system is really making use of the latest砒uroscience(神经科学）findings. But there is one happy link where research is meeting practice: bilingual (双语的）education. "In the last 20 years or so, there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingual, "says Judith Kroll, a professor at the University of California, Riverside.B)Again and again, researchers have found, "bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain forlife, " in the words of Gigi Luk, an associate professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education.At the same time, one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two-way immersion programs.C)Traditional programs for English-language learners, or ELLs, focus on assimilating studen岱intoEnglish as quickly as possible. Dual-language classrooms, by contrast, provide instruction across subjects to both English natives and English learners ,in both English and a target language. The goal is functional bilingualm and biliteracy for all students by middle school. New York City, North Carolina, Delaware, Ut.ah, Oregon and Washington state are among the places expanding duallanguage classrooms.D)The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago, when advocates insistedon " E nglish first" education. Most famously, California passed Proposition 227 in 1998. It was intended to sharply reduce the amount of time that English-language learners spent in bilingual settings. Proposition 58, passed by California voters on November 8 ,largely reversed that decision, paving the way for a huge expansion of bilingual education in the state that has the largest population of English-language learners.E)Some of the insistence on English-first was fou n ded on research produced decades ago, in whichbilingual studen岱underperfo皿ed饥O彻l切gual(单语的）English speakers and had lower IQ scores. Today's scholars, like Ellen Bialystok at York University in Toronto, say that research was "deeply flawed. " " E arlier research looked at socially disadvantaged groups, " agrees Antonella Sorace at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. "This has been completely contradicted by recent research" that compares groups more similar to each other.F)So what does recent research say about the potential benefi岱of bilingual education? It turns outthat, in many ways, the real trick to speald.ng two languages consis岱in managing初t to speak one of those languages at a given moment一which is fundament.ally a feat of paying attention. Sa y i n g .. Goodbye" to mom and then "Gu砌四"to your teacher, or managing to ask for a crayo比仅加instead of a red叩u叨（蜡笔），requires skills called " i nhibition" and "啦k switching. " These skills are subse区of an ability called executive function.G)People who speak two languages often outperform monolinguals on general measures of executivefunction. " B ilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the ability to switch from one task to another, " says Sorace.H)Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learning a second language in kindergarteninstead of as a baby? We don't yet lmow. Patterns of language learning and language .use are complex. But Gigi Luk at Harvard cites at least one brain-imaging study on adolescen岱that shows similar changes in brain structure when compared with those who are bilingual from b血，even when they didn't begin practicing a second language in earnest before late childhood.I)Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cues to figure out which language to use3 have demonstrated a head start on tests of perspective-taking and theory of mind-both of whichare fundamental social and emotional skills.J)About 10 percent of students in the Portland, Oregon public schools are assigned by lotter:y to duallanguage classrooms that offer instruction in Spanish, Japanese or Mandarin, 啦ngside English.Jem诅er Steele at American University conducted a four-year, random讫ed trial and found that these dual-language students outperformed their peers in English-reading skills by a full school-year's worth of learning by the end of middle school. Because the effects are found in reading, not in math or science where there were few_ differences, Steele suggests that learning two languages makes students more aware of how language works in general.K)The research of Gigi Luk at Harvard offers a slightly different explanation. She has recently done a small study looking at a group of 100 fourth-graders in Massachusetts who had s血lar reading scores on a standard test, but ve可different language experiences. Some were foreign-language dominant and others were English natives. Here's what's interesting. The students who were dominant in a foreign language weren't yet comfortably bilingual; they were just starting to learn English.Therefore, by de血tion,they had a much weaker English vocabulary than the native speakers. Yet they were just as good at interpreting a text. " This is ve可surprising," Luk says. " Y ou would expect the reading comprehension performance to mirror the vocabulary一酝it's a cornerstone of comprehension. "L)How did the foreign-language dominant speakers manage this feat? Well, Luk found, they also scored higher on tests of executive functioning. So, even though they didn't have huge mental dictionaries to draw on, they may have been great puzzle-solvers ,国ting into account higher-level concepts such as whether a single sentence made sense within an overall story line. They got to the same results as the monolinguals, by a different path.M)American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class.Dual-language programs can be an exception. Because they are composed of native English speakers deliberately placed together with recent immigrants, they tend to be more ethnically and economically balanced. And there is some evidence that this helps kids of all backgrounds gain comfort with diversity and different cultures.N)Several of the researchers also pointed out that, in bilingual education, non-English-dominant students and their families tend to feel that their home language is heard and valued, compared witha classroom where the home language is left at the door in favor of English. This can improvestudents'sense of belonging and increase parents'involvement in their children's education, including behaviors like reading to children. " Many parents fear their language is an o氐伐cle,a problem, and if they abandon it their child will integrate better," says Antonella Sorace of the University of Edinburgh. "We tell them they're not doing their child a favor by giving up their language."0)One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly theyadvocated for dual-language classrooms. Thomas and Collier have advised many school systems on how to expand their dual-language progn皿s,and Sorace runs " Bilingualism Matters, "an international network of researchers who promote bilingual education projec岱.This type of advocacy among scientis岱is unusual; even more so because the "bilingual advantage hypothesis" is being challenged once again.P)A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advan组ges failed to appear in 83 percent of published studies, though in a separate analysis, the sum of effec岱was still significantly positive.One potential explanation offered by the researchers is that advantages that are measurable in the very young and very old tend to fade when testing young adul岱at the peak of their cognitive powers. And, they countered that no neg啦ve effec区of bilingual education have been found. So, even if the advan组ges are small, they are still worth it. Not to mention one obvious, outst.anding fact: "Bilingual children can speak two languages! "36.A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual frombirth and those who start learning a second language later.37.Unlike tradi廿onal monolingual programs, bilingual classrooms aim at developing students'ability touse two languages by middle school.38.A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in readingEnglish texts.39.About twenty years ago, bilingual practice was strongly discouraged, especially in California.40.Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to getused to social and cultural diversity.41.Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.42.According to a researcher, dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one's brain.43.Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may be liinited.44.Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks because they canconcentrate better on what they are doing.45.When their native language is used, parents can become more involved in their children's education.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by so加questions or U对inished statements. For each of them酝e are four choices血rked A), B), C) andD) .You shoul,d, decide on the best choice a叫m,ark the corresponding屈阮on A邱werSheet 2 with a sing比line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are b邸ed on the following p邸S码e.It is not controversial to say that an unhealthy diet causes bad health. Nor are the basic elements of healthy eating disputed. Obesity raises susceptibility to cancer, and Britain is the s血most obese country on Earth. That is a public health emergency. But naming the problem is the easy part. No one disputes the costs in quality of life and depleted health budgets of an obese population, but the quest for solutions gets diverted by ideological arguments江ound responsibility and choice. And the water is muddied by lobbying from the industries that profit from consumption of obesity-inducing products.Historical precedent sugges岱that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison but it takes time, and success often starts small. So it is heartening to note that a programme in Leeds has achieved a reduction in childhood obesity, becoming the first UK city to reverse a fattening trend. The best resul讫were among younger children and in more deprived areas. When 28% of English children aged two to 15 are obese, a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthen hundreds of thousands of lives. A significant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a scheme called HENRY, which helps paren岱reward behaviours that prevent obesity in children.Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesity strategy, since it involves a "sugar tax" and a ban on the sale of energy drinks to under-16s. Bans and taxes can be blunt instruments, but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods. These critics just oppose regulation i岱elf.The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for governmen岱to be passive about large-scale inteIVention. People living in the most deprived areas are four times more prone to die from avoidable causes than counterparts in more affluent places. As the structural nature of public health problems becomes harder to ignore, the complaint about overprotective government loses potency.In fact, the polarised·debate over public health interventions should have been abandoned long ago. Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals need governmen岱that expand access to good choices. The HENRY programme was delivered in part through children's centres. Closing such centres and cutting council budge岱doesn't magically increase reserves of individual self-reliance. The function of a well心designed晔te intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to build social c叩acity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for theirwellbeing. The obesity crisis will not have a solution devised by leit or right ideology--but experience indicates that the private sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously.46.Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve'?A)Government health budgets are depleted.B)People disagree as to who should do what.C)Individuals are not ready to take their re sponsibilities.D)Industry lobbying m吐es it hard to get healthy foods.47.What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies?A)Governments have a role to play.B)Public health is a scientific issue.C)Priority should be given to deprived regions.D)Businesses'responsibility should be stressed.48.What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks?A)They are not aware of the consequences of obesity.B)They have not come up with anything more constructive.C)They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate.D)They have their own motives in opposing government regulation.49.Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and ine q uality?A)To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.B)To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Bri呻．C)To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public.D)To justify government inteivention in solving the obesity problem.60.When will government action be effective?A)When the polarised debate is abandoned.B)When ideological differences are resolved.C)When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.D)When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis.P邸sage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the follow血pas�e.Home to virgin reefs, rare sharks and vast numbers of exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a皿que haven of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region w出also become the world's largest marine protected area, with restrictions or bans on fishing, mining and m呻e farming.The Coral Sea reseive would cover almost 990 000 square kilometres and stretch as far as 1 100 kilometres from the coast. Unveiled re cently by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal would be the last in a series of proposed marine reseives around Australia's coast.But the scheme is attracting criticism from scientists and conseivation groups, who argue that the government hasn't gone far enough in protecting the Coral Sea, or in other marine reseives in the coastal network.Hugh Possingham, director of the Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions at the University of Queensland, poin岱out that little more than half of the Coral Sea reseive is proposed as "no take" area, in which all fishing would be banned. The world's largest existing marine reseive, es灿lished last year by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 654 000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. An alliance of campaigning conversation groups argues that more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection."I would like to have seen more protection for coral reefs, " says Terry Hughes, director of the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Queensland. "More than 20 of them would be ou区ide the no-take area and vulnerable to catch-and-release fishing".As Nature went to press, the Australian government had not responded to specific criticisms of theplan. But Robin Beaman, a matine geologist at J ames Cook University, says that the reserve does "broadly pro比ct the range of habitats" in the sea. " I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organisations have put into trying to understand the ecological values of this vast area," he says.Reserves proposed earlier this year for Australi昨southwestern and northwestern coastal regions have also been criticised for failing to give habitats adequate protection. In August, 173 marine scientists signed an open letter to the government saying they were "greatly concerned,, that the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the " core science principles" of reserves-the protected regions were not, for instance, representative of all the habitats in the region, they said.Critics say that the southwes比rn reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore·areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a con忱ntion also levelled at the Coral Sea plan.51.What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea?A)It is exceptionally rich in marine life.B)It is the biggest marine pro比啦d area.C)It remains largely undisturbed by humans.D)It is a unique haven of endangered species.52.What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke?A)Make a new proposal to pro比ct the Coral Sea.B)Revise its conserv啦on plan owing to criticisms.C)Upgrade the established reserves to pro比ct marine life.D)Comple比the series of·marme reserves around its coast.53.What is scientists'argument about the Coral Sea proposal?A)The government has not done enough for marine protection.B)It will not improve the marine reseives along Australia's coast.C)The government has not consulted them in dra咖g up the proposal.D)It is not based on sufficient investigations into the ecological system.54.What does ma r ine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan?A)It can compare with the British government's effort in the Indian Ocean.B)It will result in the establishment of the world's largest marine reseive.C)It w诅ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast.D)It is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats.55.What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan?A)It w山do more hann than good to the environment.B)It will adversely affect Australia's fishing industry.C)It will pro忱ct regions that actually require little protection.D)It will win little support from environmental organisations.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: 氏r this part, you are吵wed30 m切utes to translate a passage from Chinese i九to 晌lish.You should write your a叩窃onA邱wer Sheet 2.《酉避记》(J o urn ey to the W est)也许是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部，当然也是在国外最广为人知的一部小说。

2020年二建公路工程真题及答案解析(完整版)

2020年二建公路工程真题及答案解析一、单项选择题(共20题，每题1分，每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意）1.软士地基处理时水泥损拌桩支増理型隔离描宜采用()点.A.CFG柱B.粒料桩C.粉桩D.浆喷桩【答案】D【解析】水泥搅拌桩防型或支挡型隔离墙宜采用浆喷桩。

【考点来源】2B311018特殊路基施工技术2.桥梁施工测里中，布设大桥、特大桥的主要控制桩(或其护桩)，均应测量其A.坐标、相互间的距离与角度B.里程、相互间的距离与角度C.高程、尺寸D.坐标、高程、埋置深度【答案】A【解析】大桥、特大桥的主要控制桩(或其护桩)均应测定其坐标、相互间的距离角度、高程等，以免弄错和方便于寻找【考点来源】2B311042路工程施工测方法3.关于高填方路基沉降原囚的说法;正确的是()o未设置反压护道B.高填方路堤两側超填宽度过C.路堤固结沉降D.路基边鐛压实遍数不够【答案】C【解析】高填方路基沉降的原因(1)按一般路堤设计，没有验算路堤稳定性、地基力和沉降里。

(2)地基处理不彻底，压实度达不到要求，或地基承載力不的够填方路堤两超填宽度不够。

(4)工程地质不良，且未作地基孔隙水压力观察(5)路堤受水漫泡部分边坡陡，填料士质差。

(6)路堤填料不符合规定，随意增大填层厚度压实不均匀，且达不到拠定要求。

7)路堤固结沉降。

4.沥青混合料配合比设计中，若SRS改性剂的添加量为5%表明S改性剂质里占质里的5%A.混料B.哥料C.改性沥青D.基质沥青【答案】C【解析】改性沥青的剤里以改性剂占改性沥青总里的百分数计算，胶乳改性沥青的计里应以扣除水以后的固体物含里计算。

【考点来源】2B312022沥青路面面层施工5.水泥混疑土路面来用小型机具施工时，滚杠所起的作用是()A.振密材料B.提浆整平C.避免材料离析D.提高表面粗猫度【答案】B【解析】每车道路面应配备1根滚杠(双车道两根)。

振动梁振实后，应拖动滚杠往返2～3遍提浆整平。

2020年最新实验室安全考试题库(手工整理word版,下载可搜索)

2020年最新实验室安全考试题库500题（手工整理word版，下载可搜索）一、填空题1.我国消防工作的工作方针是。

参考答案: 预防为主，防消结合2.发生火灾时的报警电话。

参考答案: 或或二、单选题3.实验室气瓶定期检验制度，以下哪点不须遵守 A.所有实验室气瓶不必执行国家定期检验制度。

B.盛装腐蚀性气体的气瓶每二年检验一次。

C.盛装一般气体的气瓶每三年检验一次。

D.盛装惰性气体的气瓶每五年检验一次。

参考答案:A4.箱式电阻炉使用过程中，当炉温升至以上后，不得大开炉门进行快速冷却，以免烧坏炉衬和电热元件。

A.℃B.℃C.℃D.℃参考答案:B5.氢气的钢瓶颜色是什么颜色 A.白B.淡绿C.铝白D.淡黄参考答案:B6.安装细长工件应配合采用，防止工件弯曲伤人。

A.跟刀架B.尾架C.中心架参考答案:B7.可能发生阴燃。

A.塑料B.煤C.橡胶参考答案:B8.在舂实砂型时，要注意什么事项 A.手不得放在砂箱上B.手可以放在砂箱上C.听指导师傅讲解D.观察身边同学操作参考答案:A9.焊条电弧焊的实习场地应具备良好的通风条件，若配置通风排尘装置其工作噪声应小于。

A.BB.BC.B参考答案:B10.旋桨流速仪传感器应该特别小心的部位是 A.头部旋桨B.杆部C.尾部接口D.尾部套口参考答案:A11.锻造过程中，对站立位置有何要求 A.不要站立在容易飞出锻件毛边的地方B.不要站在锻造设备附近C.对站立位置没有限制要求参考答案:A12.以下哪句话的描述是错误的。

A.气瓶实验室内可有敞开式的地沟、暗道。

B.盛装易发生聚合反应或分解反应气体的气瓶，必须根据气体的性质控制实验室内的温度。

C.气瓶必须在期限内使用完毕或送检。

D.气瓶搬运前，操作人员必须了解瓶内气体的名称性质和搬运注意事项，并备齐相应的工具和防护用品。

参考答案:A13.乙炔的使用注意事项，哪句描述错误 A.分子式C2H2，俗称风煤和电石气，为易燃气体。

B.乙炔在室温下是一种无色、极易燃的气体。

2020年12月份A级真题试题及答案

2020年12月份A级真题试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是计算机病毒的特征？A. 破坏性B. 传染性C. 隐藏性D. 可读性答案：D2. 在Windows系统中，以下哪个快捷键用于复制选中内容？A. Ctrl + CB. Ctrl + VC. Ctrl + XD. Ctrl + Z答案：A3. 以下哪种网络协议用于文件传输？A. HTTPB. FTPC. SMTPD. TCP答案：B4. 在Excel中，以下哪个函数用于计算一组数值的平均值？A. SUMB. AVERAGEC. COUNTD. MAX答案：B5. 下列哪种编程语言是面向对象的？A. PythonB. CC. JavaD. SQL答案：C6. 以下哪个选项是HTML文档的标准结构？A. <html><head><body></body></html>B. <head><body><html></html></body></head>C. <html><body><head></head></body></html>D. <body><html><head></head></body></html>答案：C7. 在计算机系统中，CPU的中文意思是什么？A. 中央处理器B. 内存C. 硬盘D. 显卡答案：A8. 下列哪个选项是正确的HTML注释格式？A. //这是注释B. /* 这是注释 */C. D. #这是注释答案：C9. 在数据库中，用于创建新表的SQL命令是什么？A. CREATE TABLEB. INSERT INTOC. SELECTD. UPDATE答案：A10. 下列哪种数据结构可以存储元素的有序集合？A. 队列B. 栈C. 链表D. 散列表答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在HTML中，用于定义文档标题的标签是____。

2020年高考文数真题试题(新课标Ⅰ)(Word版+答案+解析)

2020年高考文数真题试卷（新课标Ⅰ)一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

（共12题；共51分）1.已知集合A={x|x2−3x−4<0},B={−4,1,3,5}，则A∩B=（）A. {−4,1}B. {1,5}C. {3,5}D. {1,3}2.若z=1+2i+i3，则|z|=（）A. 0B. 1C. √2D. 23.埃及胡夫金字塔是古代世界建筑奇迹之一，它的形状可视为一个正四棱锥，以该四棱锥的高为边长的正方形面积等于该四棱锥一个侧面三角形的面积，则其侧面三角形底边上的高与底面正方形的边长的比值为（）A. √5−14B. √5−12C. √5+14D. √5+124.设O为正方形ABCD的中心，在O，A，B，C，D中任取3点，则取到的3点共线的概率为（）A. 15B. 25C. 12D. 455.某校一个课外学习小组为研究某作物种子的发芽率y和温度x（单位：°C）的关系，在20个不同的温度条件下进行种子发芽实验，由实验数据(x i,y i)(i=1,2,⋯,20)得到下面的散点图：由此散点图，在10°C至40°C之间，下面四个回归方程类型中最适宜作为发芽率y和温度x的回归方程类型的是（）A. y=a+bxB. y=a+bx2C. y=a+b e xD. y=a+blnx6.已知圆x2+y2−6x=0，过点（1，2）的直线被该圆所截得的弦的长度的最小值为（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 47.设函数 f(x)=cos (ωx +π6) 在 [−π,π] 的图像大致如下图，则f(x)的最小正周期为（）A.10π9B.7π6C.4π3D.3π28.设 alog 34=2 ，则 4−a = （）A. 116 B. 19 C. 18 D. 16 9.执行下面的程序框图，则输出的n=（）A. 17B. 19C. 21D. 2310.设 {a n } 是等比数列，且 a 1+a 2+a 3=1 ， a 2+a 3+a 4=2 ，则 a 6+a 7+a 8= （） A. 12 B. 24 C. 30 D. 32 11.设 F 1,F 2 是双曲线 C:x 2−y 23=1 的两个焦点，O 为坐标原点，点P 在C 上且 |OP|=2 ，则 △PF 1F 2的面积为（）A. 72 B.3 C. 52 D. 212.已知 A,B,C 为球O 的球面上的三个点，⊙ O 1 为 △ABC 的外接圆，若⊙ O 1 的面积为 4π ， AB =BC =AC =OO 1 ，则球O 的表面积为（）A. 64πB. 48πC. 36πD. 32π二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

2020年8月自考英语二真题及答案解析可下载

2020年8月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷课程代码00015本试卷共8页。

满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。

必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。

第二部分:阅读选择(第11-15题，每题2分,共10分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、 C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

Spilt (打翻的)MilkI recenlyheard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very importantmedical achievements. He was asked why he was so much more creative than theaverage person。

Heresponded that it all came from an experience when he was about two. He hadbeen trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost hisgrip (紧握) and it fell，spilling (打翻) the milk all over the floor。

When hismother came into the kitchen，instead of yelling at him, or punishinghim，she said,“Robert, what awonderful mess you have made! Well, the damage has already been done. Would youlike to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”Indeed, hedid，After a few minutes, his mothersaid,“Rober,whenever you make a mess like this, eventuallyyou have to clean it up. So， how would you like to do that?We could use a sponge ( 海绵) or a towel. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge andtogether they cleaned up the spilt milk.His motherthen said ,“You know， what we have here is a failed experiment inhow to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let' s go outin the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover away to carry it without dropping it" The little boy learned that if hegrasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands，he could carry it without dropping it.Thescientist remarked that it was then that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid tomake mi s takes. Instead, mistakes were. just opportunities for learningSomething new，which is, after all, what scientific experiments are a1labout. Even if the experiment" doesn’t work, ”we usually learn somethingvaluable from it.11. This story is about a scientist who_____________A. was extraordinary when he was youngB. became well-known after an interviewC. was smarter than the average personD. achieved great success in themedical field12. He got the milk spilt all over thekitchen floor because heA. dropped the bottleB. was naughtyC slipped and fellD. was weak13. After, seeing the spilt milk，hismother__________________A. shouted at himB. cleaned the floor herselfC. encouraged him to play in the milkD. forced him to clean the kitchen14. The mother and the son went out inthe back yardto__________A. fill the bottle with milkB. clean the bottleC. find a way to carry the bottleD. search for a new bottle15. According to the text，mistakes give us chancesto__________A. know the truthB. learn something newC. do some experimentsD. teach a child a lesson第三部分:概括段落大意和补全句子 (第16-25题，每题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务: (1)从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第1-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2) 从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。

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2020年历年真题下载版一、单项选择题（本类题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分。

每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。

每小题所有答案选择正确的得分，不答、错答、漏答均不得分）1.下列方法中，能够用于资本结构优化分析并考虑了市场风险的是（）。

A.利润敏感分析法B.公司价值分析法C.杠杆分析法D.每股收益分析法2.债券内含报酬率的计算公式中不包含的因素是（）。

A.票面利率B.债券面值C.市场利率D.债券期限3.某上市公司职业经理人在任职期间不断提高在职消费，损害股东利益。

这一现象所揭示的公司制企业的缺点主要是（）。

A.产权问题B.激励问题C.代理问题D.责权分配问题4.下列流动资产融资策略中，收益和风险均较低的是（）。

A.产权匹配融资策略B.期限匹配融资策略C.保守融资策略D.激进融资策略5.下列因素中，一般不会导致直接人工工资率差异的是（）。

A.工资制度的变动B.工作环境的好坏C.工资级别的升降D.加班或临时工的增减6.下列销售预测分析方法中，属于定量分析法的是（）。

A.专家判断法B.因果预测分析法C.产品寿命分析法D.营销员判断法7.某投资项目需在开始时一次性投资50000元，其中固定资产投资为45000元，营运资金垫资5000元，没有建设期。

各年营业现金净流量分别为10000元、12000元、16000元、20000元、21600元和14500元。

则该项目的静态投资回收期是（）年。

A.3.35B.4.00C.3.60D.3.408.根据量本利分析原理，下列计算利润的公式中，正确的是（）。

A.利润=（销售收入-保本销售额）×边际贡献率B.利润=保本销售量×边际贡献率C.利润=销售收入×（1-边际贡献率）-固定成本D.利润=销售收入×变动成本率-固定成本9.企业为了优化资本结构而筹集资金，这种筹资的动机是（）。

A.支付性筹资动机B.创立性筹资动机C.调整性筹资动机D.扩张性筹资动机10.根据成本性态，在一定时期一定业务量范围之内，职工培训费一般属于（）。

A.半变动成本B.半固定成本C.约束性固定成本D.酌量性固定成本11.某产品实际销售量为8000件，单价为30元，单位变动成本为12元，固定成本总额为36000元，则该产品的安全边际率为（）。

A.25%B.60%C.40%D.75%12.要获得收取股利的权利，投资者购买股票的最迟日期是（）。

A.股利宣告日B.股利发放日C.除息日D.股权登记日13.以协商价格作为内部转移价格时，该协商价格的下限通常是（）。

A.单位变动成本B.单位标准成本C.单位制造成本D.单位市场价格14.某企业根据现金持有量随机模型进行现金管理，已知现金最低持有量为15万元，现金余额回归线为80万元，如果公司现有现金220万元，此时应当投资于有价证券的金额是（）万元。

A.65B.205C.140D.9515.根据资金需要量预测的销售百分比法，下列负债项目中，通常会随销售额变动而成正比例变动的是（）。

A.短期融资券B.短期借款C.长期负债D.应付票据16.甲公司投资一项证券资产，每年年末都能按照6%的名义利率获取相应的现金收益。

假设通货膨胀率为2%，则该证券资产的实际利率为（）。

A.3.88%B.3.92%C.4.00%D.5.88%17.下列筹资方式中，既可以筹集长期资金，也可以融通短期资金的是（）。

A.向金融机构借款B.发行股票C.利用商业信用D.吸收直接投资18.下列预算编制方法中，不受现行预算的束缚，有助于保证各项预算开支合理性的是（）。

A.滚动预算法B.零基预算法C.弹性预算法D.增量预算法19.与配股相比，定向增发的优势是（）。

A.有利于社会公众参与B.有利于保持原有的股权结构C.有利于促进股权的流通转让D.有利于引入战略投资者和机构投资者20.厌恶风险的投资者偏好确定的股利收益，而不愿将收益存在公司内部去承担未来的投资风险，因此公司采用高现金股利政策有利于提升公司价值，这种观点的理论依据是（）。

A.代理理论B.所得税差异理论C.信号传递理论D.“手中鸟”理论21.下列各项中，属于固定股利支付率政策的优点是（）。

A.股利与公司盈余紧密地配合B.有利于树立公司的良好形象C.股利分配有较大灵活性D.有利于稳定公司的股价22.丙公司预计2020年各季度的销售量分别为100件、120件、180件和200件。

预计每季度末产成品存货为下一季度销售量的20%，丙公司第二季度预计生产量为（）件。

A.156B.132C.136D.12023.已知有X和Y两个互斥投资项目，X项目收益率和风险均大于Y项目的收益率和风险。

下列表述中，正确的是（）。

（2018年教材已删除）A.风险回避者会选择Y项目B.风险回避者会选择X项目C.风险追求者会选择X项目D.风险追求者会选择Y项目24.下列预算中，不直接涉及现金收支的是（）。

A.销售与管理费用预算B.销售预算C.产品成本预算D.直接材料预算25.与发行股票筹资相比，吸收直接投资的优点是（）。

A.易于进行产权交易B.资本成本较低C.有利于提高公司声誉D.筹资费用较低二、多项选择题（本类题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

每小题备选答案中，有两个或两个以上符合题意的正确答案。

请从每小题的备选答案中选出你认为正确的答案，用鼠标点击相应的选项。

每小题所有答案选择正确的得分，不答、错答、漏答均不得分）1.按照企业投资的分类，下列各项中，属于发展性投资的有（）。

A.企业间兼并合并的投资B.更新替换旧设备的投资C.大幅度扩大生产规模的投资D.开发新产品的投资2.下列可转换债券条款中，有利于保护债券发行者利益的有（）。

A.赎回条款B.回售条款C.强制性转换条款D.转换比率条款3.下列指标中，能够反映资产风险的有（）。

A.标准差率B.标准差C.期望值D.方差4.作为成本管理的一个重要内容是寻找非增值作业，将非增值成本降至最低，下列各项中，属于非增值作业的有（）。

A.从仓库到车间的材料运输作业B.零部件加工作业C.零部件组装作业D.产成品质量检验作业5.下列管理措施中，可以缩短现金周转期的有（）。

A.提前偿还短期融资券B.利用商业信用延期付款C.加大应收账款催收力度D.加快制造和销售产品6.下列各项中，影响应收账款周转率指标的有（）。

A.应收账款B.预付账款C.应收票据D.销售折扣与折让7.在预算执行过程中，可能导致预算调整的情形有（）。

A.主要产品市场需求大幅下降B.营改增导致公司税负大幅下降C.原材料价格大幅度上涨D.公司进行重点资产重组8.纳税筹划可以利用的税收优惠政策包括（）。

A.税收扣除政策B.减税政策C.免税政策D.退税政策9.编制资产负债表预算时，下列预算中，能够直接为“存货”项目年末余额提供数据来源的有（）。

A.销售预算B.产品成本预算C.直接材料预算D.生产预算10.与发行股票筹资相比，融资租赁的特点有（）。

A.筹资限制条件较少B.形成生产能力较快C.资本成本负担较低D.财务风险较小三、判断题（本类题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

请判断每小题的表述是否正确，用鼠标点击相应的选项。

每小题答题正确的得1分，答题错误的扣0.5分，不答题的不得分也不扣分。

本类题最低得分为零分）1.不论是公司制企业还是合伙制企业，股东或合伙人都面临双重课税问题，即在缴纳企业所得税后，还要缴纳个人所得税。

（）2.因为公司债务必须付息，而普通股不一定支付股利，所以普通股资本成本小于债务资本成本。

（）3.作业成本计算法与传统成本计算法的主要区别是间接费用的分配方法不同。

（）4.在产品成本预算中，产品成本总预算金额是将直接材料、直接人工、制造费用以及销售与管理费用的预算全额汇总相加而得到的。

（）5.企业集团内部各所属单位之间业务联系越密切，就越有必要采用相对集中的财务管理体制。

（）6.公司年初借入资本100万元，第3年年末一次性偿还连本带息130万元，则这笔借款的实际年利率小于10%。

（）7.直接筹资是企业直接从社会取得资金的一种筹资方式，一般只能用来筹集股权资金。

（）8.计算资本保值增值率时，期末所有者权益的计量应当考虑利润分配政策影响。

（）9.在债券持有期间，当市场利率上升时，债券价格一般会随之下跌。

（）10.应收账款保理中，从风险角度看，有追索权的保理相对于无追索权的保理对供应商更有利，对保理商更不利。

（）四、计算分析题（本类题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

凡要求计算的项目，除题中有特殊要求外，均须列出计算过程；计算结果有计量单位的，应予以标明，标明的计量单位应与题中所给计量单位相同；计算结果出现小数的，均保留小数点后两位小数，百分比指标保留百分号前两位小数）1.甲公司2015年年末长期资本为5000万元，其中长期银行借款1000万元，年利率为6%，所有者权益（包括普通股股本和留存收益）为4000万元，公司计划在2020年追加筹集资金5000万元，其中按面值发行债券2000万元，票面年利率为6.86%，期限5年，每年付息一次，到期一次还本，筹资费率为2%，发行优先股筹资3000万元，固定股息率为7.76%，筹资费用率为3%，公司普通股β系数为2，一年期国债利率为4%，市场平均报酬率为9%，公司适用的所得税税率为25%，假设不考虑筹资费用对资本结构的影响，发行债券和优先股不影响借款利率和普通股股价。

要求：（1）计算甲公司长期银行借款的资本成本；（2）计算发行债券的资本成本（不用考虑货币时间价值）；（3）计算甲公司发行优先股的资本成本；（4）利用资本资产定价模型计算甲公司留存收益的资本成本；（5）计算加权平均资本成本。

2.乙公司是一家机械制造企业，适用的所得税税率为25%，公司现有一套设备（以下简称旧设备），已经使用6年，为降低成本，公司管理层拟将该设备提前报废，另行购置一套新设备，新设备的投资于更新起点一次性投入并能立即投入运营，设备更新后不改变原有的生产能力，但营运成本有所降低，会计上对于新旧设备折旧年限、折旧方法以及净残值等的处理与税法保持一致，假定折现率为12%，要求考虑所得税费用的影响。