一.
2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2020年考研英语⼀真题及答案解析2020年研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试试题（英语⼀）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. A In B Towards C On D Till2. A match B express C satisfy D influence3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled6. A under B at C for D by7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially9. A Unless B Since C If D While10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16. A made B served C saved D used17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下⽂的线索。
一的词语意思
一的词语意思
“一”是汉语通用规范一级字（常用字），读作yī。
此字最早见于商代甲骨文及商代金文，其本义为最小原始单位，最小的正整数，后引申为相同的，无二至的、整体的、全部的、整个的、所有的等。
“一”的出处：
1、《岳阳楼记》：“洞庭一湖。
”
2、《战国策·秦策一》：“诸侯不可一，犹连鸡之不能俱止于栖之明矣。
”
3、《阿房宫赋》：“六王毕，四海一。
”
“一”造句：
1、爸爸写文章一丝不苟，用词造句反复推敲。
2、何须多费唇舌解释，摆明的，你们就是一丘之貉。
3、没有一次争取是一劳永逸的，争取是一种每天重复不断的行动，人们必须天天坚持。
4、刘老师做事认真细致、一丝不苟，是大家学习上的表率。
人教版九年级英语Unit1单词、课文_知识梳理_词汇句式精讲
Unit1 单词textbook n.教科书；课本conversation n.交谈；谈话aloud adv.大声地；出声地pronunciation n. 发音；读音sentence n.句子patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人expression n.表达（方式）；表示discover v.发现；发觉secret n.秘密；adj. 秘密的fall in love with 爱上；与⋯⋯相爱grammar n.语法repeat v.重复；重做note n.笔记；记录 v.注意；指出pal n.朋友；伙伴pattern n.模式；方式physics n.物理；物理学chemistry n.化学partner n.搭档；同伴pronounce v.发音increase v.增加；增长speed n.速度 v.加速ability n.能力；才能brain n.大脑active adj.活跃的；积极的attention n.注意；关注pay attention to 注意；关注connect v.（使）连接；与⋯⋯有联系connect…with... 把⋯⋯和⋯⋯连接或联系起来overnight adv.一夜之间；在夜间review v.& n.回顾；复习knowledge n.知识；学问wisely adv.明智地；聪明地Annie 安妮（女名）Alexander Graham Bell 格雷厄姆 • 贝尔Unit1 知识梳理Unit 1 How can we become good learners?【重点短语】1. good learners 优秀的学习者2. work with friends 和朋友一起学习3. study for a test 备考4.have conversations with 与……交谈5.speaking skills 口语技巧6.a little 有点儿7.at first 起初 起先8.the secret to... .......的秘诀9.because of 因为10.as well 也11.look up 查阅；抬头看12.so that 以便，为了13.the meaning of ……的意思14.make mistakes 犯错误15.talk to 交谈16.depend on 依靠 依赖17.in common 共有的18.pay attention to 注意 关注19. connect …with …把……联系20.for example 例如21.think about 考虑22.even if 即使 尽管 纵容23.look for 寻找24.worry about 担心 担忧25.make word cards 制作单词卡片26.ask the teacher for help 向老师求助27.read aloud 大声读28.spoken English 英语口语29.give a report 作报告30.word by word 一字一字地31. so……that 如此……以至于32.fall in love with 爱上33.something interesting 有趣的事情34.take notes 记笔记35.how often 多久一次36.a lot of 许多37.the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力38.learning habits 学习习惯39.be interested in 对……感兴趣40.get bored 感到无聊【重点句型】1.提建议的句子：①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？如：What/ How about going shopping?②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？如：Why don't you go shopping?③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？如：Why not go shopping?④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。
大学英语四级模拟测试（一）（附答案）
听力（略）Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are necessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.26. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.A) cars are a source of pleasure for themB) they need a car to form a car poolC) they live more than a mile away from the schoolD) cars form necessary part in their life27. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?A) Office workers.B) Police and mail carriers.C) Salesmen and farmers.D) Factory workers.28. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.A) children have to walk to schoolB) school buses take all the children to schoolC) mothers drive children to schoolD) families usually live within a mile from the school29. "A car pool" most probably means ________.A) a number of people sharing the use of a carB) a place for parking carsC) a group of tourists driving alternativelyD) a place for learning to drive30. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?A) To provide larger parking spaces.B) To build better roads.C) To produce fewer automobiles.D) To form more car pools.Passage 2Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and through. Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.31. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger.B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming.D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.32. Which of the following is true about villagers?A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.33. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.A) will not end until it starts to rainB) will be eventually put out by human effortC) will die out when the winds stop blowingD) will only stop when the peat is totally wet34. Some people buy orangutans because ________.A) they want to save orangutansB) they want to keep orangutans as petsC) they want to build new homes for orangutansD) they want to take care of orangutan infants35. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.Passage 3Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Don't try kicking the tires on a very modern and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no steering wheel, either.The Coventry Concept Car, as it is called is a completely new design that looks more like a snail（蜗牛）than an automobile. No working model, or functional form of the vehicle exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work. Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad（形成波浪状气垫）underneath the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 km per hour. The motion would be a much faster way of crawling ? the way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot contract （收缩）in waves that push the snail along the ground.)Steering of the snail car would be handled automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed route.Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted out appearance, the snail car would sport an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its surroundings.36. The Coventry Concept Car is designed mainly based on ________.A) the appearance of a snailB) the movement of a snailC) the life-size of a snailD) the behavior of a snail37. Which of the following is true about the Coventry Concept Car?A) Its first working model can run at 480 km per hour.B) Its direction is controlled by a steering wheel.C) It moves in all directions on a pair of flat feet.D) It travels automatically along preprogrammed routes.38. The color of the car can be changed ______.A) by applying different films onto its exteriorB) automatically in accordance with its surroundingsC) by signals received by the car computerD) according to the customer's requirement39. The word "sport" in the last but one line most probably means _______.A) applyB) wearC) runD) notice40. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A) A Car at a Speed of a SnailB) A Computer-Controlled Electronic V ehicleC) A Car Without Tires and Steering WheelD) A Car with No Functional FormPassage 4Question 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?Many people are afraid to assert themselves（坚持自己的权利）. Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always a 'superior' around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help those people assert themselves. They offer "Assertiveness Training" courses ? A T for short. In the A T course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an A T course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A T uses an even stronger motive ? the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. Y ou start to doubt your own good sense. Y ou go by the other person's label. But, why should you? A T says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.41. The problem the writer talks about is that _______.A) some people buy things they don't wantB) some people are afraid of arguing for themselvesC) there are too many "superiors" around usD) there is too much pressure from our society42. The cause of the problem discussed in this passage is that _______.A) some people have a low self-imageB) there is always someone around who "knows better"C) salesmen talk people into buying things they don't wantD) people don't share opinions in a group43. The set-up of our society often _______.A) makes people distrust themselvesB) makes things more favorable for "superiors"C) keeps people from knowing as much as their "superiors"D) helps people to learn to speak up for their rights44. A T is one solution to the problem in this passage, but one thing A T doesn't promote is to help people ________.A) to share their feelingsB) to have a right to be oneselfC) to overcome their fear before othersD) to be more aggressive45. The title for this passage could be ________.A) Assertiveness TrainingB) Loss of Self-respectC) The Importance of Human RightsD) Share Y our Feelings with OthersPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the se ntences. (10 points)46. Those high school students _____ to computer games will usually lose interest in their studies.A) absorbed B) addicted C) approached D) adapted47. What did you put in your suitcase? It's almost _____ mine.A) four times as heavy as B) four times heavier as C) as four times heavy as D) as heavy as four times48. In some countries today, it is still illegal for doctors to help a woman have a(n) _____.A) pregnancy B) abortion C) miscarriage D) embryo49. Metal _____ when cooled and expands when heated.A) decreases B) reduces C) condenses D) contracts50. The employees were afraid to ask for a salary raise _____ they should lose their jobs.A) lest B) or else C) so that D) in order that51. There has been a heated controversy over the new traffic _____ forbidding automobiles in downtown during the daytime.A) laws B) bans C) alerts D) regulations52. She has won a _____ prize for her poems published in the past 10 years.A) privileged B) awarded C) prestigious D) rewarded53. Each man and woman must sign _____ full names before entering the examination room.A) his B) her C) their D) one's49. Giving the child problems he can't solve will only ________ him.A) frustrate B) challenge C) conquer D) press54. It is pleasant to see that the whole community has participated in this environmental action with great _____.A) validity B) vow C) vigor D) vision55. As they can't have a child of their own, they're going to _____ a little girl.A) adapt B) adopt C) adjust D) receive56. It's no use _____ wit him. Y ou might as well argue with a stone wall.A) arguing B) of arguing C) in arguing D) to argue57. The official figures of unemployment revealed that millions of citizens could hardly make a _____ living.A) honest B) decent C) appropriate D) suitable58. The company has been found guilty violating copyright laws _____ a regular _____.A) for ... reason B) by ... way C) on ... basis D) to ... degree59. Believe it or not, he arrived in America with only 25 dollars _____.A) by his name B) to his name C) in his name D) with his name60. _____ is no reason for dismissing her.A) A few minutes late B) Owing to a few minutes late C) Because she was a few minutes late D) Being a few minutes late61. I handed in the application two months ago, but I have not received any response _____.A) in date B) out of date C) to date D) on date62. In the course of a day our students do far more than just _____ classes.A) attending B) attended C) to attend D) attend63. The newspaper didn't mention its secret _____ who provided the information for the event.A) resource B) source C) origin D) cause64. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.A) state B) significance C) determination D) status65. If I hadn't turned off the power before you touched the wires, you _____ now.A) wouldn't have smiled B) didn't smile C) wouldn't be smiling D) couldn't have smiledPart IV T ranslationSection A:Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese.(5 points)(66) To be successful at business, you not only have to be good at what you do, but you have to be good at letting others know how good you are at what you do. Y ou have to come up with a plan to get your product or service in the market place. Y ou have to come up with a marketing plan. (67) This marketing plan involves two parts: you have to figure out who the market is; and you have to make the product or service known to that market. These two work together.It is a rare case in marketing when a product has appeal to everyone regardless of sex, age, income level or special interests. (68) The more typical case is that a product will appeal to a limited group of people who are willing to put down their hard-earned dollars to buy what you have to sell.(69) The basic question to keep in mind as you develop your marketing plan is: Who would want to buy the type of product I make and how can I develop it to be saleable to these special people? Once you define your market, you often have to modify your product to fit that market. Sometimes the answer to this question is clear and logical. Often, however, a business person has to do some research and experimentation to find the answer. (70) Many a business has failed because people didn't consider this obvious but critical question: Who is the market?66. ____________________________________________________________________________67.____________________________________________________________________________68. ____________________________________________________________________________69. ____________________________________________________________________________70. ____________________________________________________________________________Section BDirections: In this section, you will translate 5 sentences below into English. (10 points)71. 一群科学家上周在一次新闻发布会上宣布的克隆计划在全世界引起了轩然大波。
1-化学与传统文化
1-化学与传统文化一、中国古籍中化学知识小结1．物质的鉴别(1)真假黄金《旧唐书》提到唐朝武则天，一次赏给她一个臣子许多黄金，那臣子放在火焰上灼烧后证明是假的，因为铜的焰色绿色，而黄金入火“百炼不消”、金入猛火“色不夺金光”；另外试金石的利用，我国也可能是最早的国家之一，明朝李时珍有《本草纲目》中剖析得最明确不过了，“金有……，和银者性柔，试石则色青(七青八黄九紫十赤)：和铜者性硬，试(金)石则有声。
”(2)真假焰硝晋朝的皇甫士安(251～282年)，已提出纯硝石概念；南北朝医学家陶弘景为了鉴别真假焰硝，他研究发现“以火烧之，紫青烟起，云是真硝石也”，用现在的化学知识知道钠黄钾紫的焰色反应特性。
真焰硝对可燃物还能“火上加油”，加速燃烧(助燃)，而假焰硝(芒硝)则否，硝酸钾(真焰硝)可知。
2.物质的性质东汉魏伯阳的《周易参同契》叙述有：“太阳流珠，常欲去人，卒得金华，转而相亲，化为白液凝而至坚。
”“河上姹女，灵而最神，得火则飞，不见埃尘。
……将欲制之，黄芽为根”。
“太阳流珠”“河上姹女”，指的应是汞，“黄芽”指硫黄，“金华”指铅。
文中告诉我们：水银可和硫化合，也可和铅生成合金铅汞齐——“相亲”，铅汞齐为一种白液；水银沸点357℃，故说“得火则飞，不见埃尘”。
迟于魏伯阳200年的晋朝葛洪，在其著作《抱朴子》中写道：“铅性白也，而赤之以为丹，丹性赤也，而白之以为铅”。
十分显然，文中是说白色的铅，可跟氧化合生成红丹(四氧化三铅)，而红丹也可分解转变成铅，是单质跟化合物的互变过程。
又如“丹砂烧之成水银，积变又还成丹砂”。
“丹砂”即三仙丹，加热分解成水银，并逸出氧气，反之水银跟氧也可化合成丹砂。
《周易参同契》是一部现在世界上最古老的著作，其中叙述到：“若药物非种，各类不同，分剂参差，失其纲纪”，那就不能反应，而且“比例”必须符合。
“胡粉投入火中，色坏还为铅”。
“胡粉”属碱式碳酸铅一类，“投入火中”黟一加温时则“色坏还为铅”，中间产物应是一氧化铅。
高考作文高分秘籍(一)-倒装句
7、 巧用as 倒装 • Object as you may, I’ll go. • Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.
8、长句子示例 • With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes
Dear Lucy,
I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. So meaningful is it that I am eager to share with you. First,we’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly. Then we’ll spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. I hope that you can join us because not only are these activities beneficial to the old, but they also enrich our school life. Looking forward to your reply.
翻译技巧(一) 词义引伸
The infinitesimal amount of nuclear fuel required makes it possible to build power reactors in any part of the world.
因为所需要的核燃料极少，所以有可能把动力 反应堆建在世界上任何一个地方。
由此可见，作用力和反作用力总是作用在不同 的物体上，而永远不作用在同一物体上。
三、定语分译
Semiconductors are a group of materials with their conductivity lying between that of conductors and that of insulators.
虽然黄金是一种重要的金属，但是人类的加 工并没有改变它的性质。
三、译成汉语形容词
1. 名词译成形容词
The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.
在选择电气材料时，电导率很重要。
我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶 段。（不译“ 毕业于 ”）
4. 词的搭配
遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉 语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。
The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.
2. 重复共同的动词
Alternating current flows first in one direction and then in the other, the reversals taking place many times a second.
Reading A of Unit 1
⑤ called an all-hands meeting with 100 employees： 召开一次有100名员工参加的全体员工会议。 ⑥ the vision of introducing voting for the post of CEO：“引入投票方法来选CEO职位”的构想。 ⑦ Dustin was then chosen as the new CEO, with 95% of the votes.
本小节句法难点：
① starts the process by doing ...：通过做......来启动这个过程 ② propose an organizational structure for the next year：提出一个明年的组织结构 ③ with a public document：用公文的方式 ④ a vision for the future：对未来的构想，愿景 ⑤ what would be needed in terms of leadership positions：就领导职位而言需要哪些条件 ⑥ question the necessity of any position：质询任何职位的必要性 ⑦ Once the positions are defined：一旦各种职位被界定 ⑧ the people who are up for the position：准备参选职位的人 ⑨ the required number of votes：规定的票数，要求的票数 ⑩ stays on for another six months：继续留任6个月
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一、草坪的养护管理原则
常言道“三分种植，七分养护”，其中到出了养护的重要性。
草坪的养护管理包括很多方面，应遵循一些共同原则，最终目的是促进草坪的生长、维护草坪优良的观赏性。
1.加强管理使其四季常绿
草坪的绿叶期是鉴别草坪质量的一个重要指标，通过科学施肥、适时灌溉、合理修剪等措施，最终达到四季常绿的目的。
2.不同的草坪应遵循不同的养护原则
由于生长的气候条件不同，草种自身的生物学特点不同，其养护管理的原则也不同，应根据各种草坪的特性灵活养护。
二、草坪养护管理的质量标准
草坪的养护管理除应遵循一定的原则外，还应达到一定的质量标准，才能充分发挥其在园林绿化方面的重要作用。
（1）覆盖率较强：通过加强养护管理，使草坪的覆盖率达到95%以上。
（2）草姿优美：外观上看高度一致，形成优美的草姿。
（3）色泽相近：色泽整体为绿色，避免由于肥力不均而产生的黄绿相间。
（4）杂草：草坪内，双子叶杂草的数量不超过5%。
（5）病虫害：叶部病害感病率低于5%，很少有地下害虫和食叶性害虫发生。
三、草坪草品种特性
绿化中种植的草坪草，一般是3个品种以上的混播草坪，这样有利于利用各种的优势，互补缺点，建造理想的草坪，下面介绍绿化中经常种植的几种草坪草。
1.多年生黑麦草
具有细弱的根状茎，须根稠密，茎直立，秆丛生、质地柔软，叶片窄长、深绿色、具光泽、叶脉明显。
喜温暖湿润，抗寒、抗霜、耐湿、不耐干旱、不耐瘠薄，耐践踏性强，但不耐底修剪，一般修剪高度为4~6cm
2.高羊茅
多年生丛生型草本，呈疏丛状，须根发达，入土很深，喜温耐热，较抗寒，耐阴耐湿又较亢旱，耐修剪耐践踏，被践踏后，再生能力强。
耐酸碱能力强，能良好的适应PH值为4.7~9.0的酸碱土壤，具有广泛的适应性，耐寒能力强，耐热能力也强，抗病性强，具有吸收深地层土壤水分的能力，在灌溉和多雨时期可以储备水分。
3.草地早熟禾
多年生根茎禾草本，根茎纤细，数量极多，分枝纵横、密集，可斜伸出地表形成株丛，喜光耐阴、喜温暖湿润，又具有很强的耐寒能力。
抗旱性较差，在缺水和炎热夏季时生长缓慢，春秋季生长繁茂，根茎繁殖能力很强，再生性好，较耐践踏。
4.匍茎翦股颖
秆的基部偃卧地面，具匍匐枝，有节，节上着生不定根，喜冷凉湿润气候，耐寒、耐热、耐瘠薄、耐底修剪，耐阴性也较好，剪割后再生能力强，且特别耐底修剪，在微酸性至微碱性土壤上都能生长。
5.紫羊茅
须根发达，疏丛根状茎型，具有短的匍匐茎，分枝较紧密。
其适应性较强，抗旱，耐酸，最适宜温暖湿润气候生长，较耐阴，不耐热，寿命长，耐践踏和底修剪，覆盖力强。
四、草坪的养护管理措施
为使草坪生长旺盛，并满足观赏和功能的各种需求，应对其进行合理养护，否则会使草坪过早退化，甚至死亡。
总的来说，草坪的养护管理主要包括灌水、施肥、修剪、病虫害的防治、除杂草、清理及维护等。
1.适时灌水
（1）草坪灌溉的必要性人工灌溉是草坪管理的不要措施，草坪灌溉可以满足草坪植物细胞正常膨压的需要。
有了充足的水分，细胞才有足够的水压，才能保持植株茎叶的挺拔，保证草坪优美的草姿。
水是草坪植物吸收矿质营养的溶剂，土壤中的矿质元素只有充分是我溶于水中，才能被草坪植物根部吸收利用。
当草坪植物缺水到萎焉系数以下时，可能导致植株的枯死。
因此，人工灌溉可以防止缺水而导致的植株枯死。
（2）.草坪的灌溉时间灌溉可以再一天中的大多疏时间进行，但避免下夏季中午进行，因为此时灌溉会导致草坪烫伤，且此时蒸发强烈，会降低水的利用率，也会干扰诸如修剪，病虫害防治等其它草坪管理措施的进行。
新建草坪在出苗期应早晚灌水，让坪床始终保持湿润。
成熟草坪在连续晴天时，一般每隔1D就应灌水一次。
以早晨灌水为好，并尽可能保持夜间茎叶干燥，否则易染病害。
（3）灌水量合理适量的灌水有利于草坪的正常生长，每次灌水量不应超过土壤的渗透能力，总灌水量不应超过土壤的持水量。
当灌溉强度大与土壤的渗透力时。
容易造成积水或地表径流，长时间积水对草坪的生长不利，不利于根的吸收作用，同时诱发草坪根部病害的发生。
灌水过多或过少都会使草坪根系发育不良、草坪退化且容易导致土壤返碱。
根据经验，新建草坪每次灌水量以湿润2.5~5CM土层为好，可以防止草坪受冻害。
2.科学施肥
（1）施肥在草坪养护管理中的作用施肥是草坪养护管理的重要环节，通过科学施肥，可以为草坪植物生长提供所需的营养物质，维持草坪植物的景观和生态功能，增强草坪对杂草和病虫害的抵抗能力。
同时肥力还能改善土壤结构，协调土壤水、肥、气、热的条件，提高土壤的肥力，有利于草坪的生长发育。
（2）肥料种类及用量肥料一般施用无机肥即俗称的化肥，他是草坪养护管理中的速效、常用的肥料。
以氮肥和复合肥按3:2的比例混合，人工施肥量为15%~18克每平方米，施肥时要尽量做到均匀，否则草坪容易出现黄绿相间，造成外观不一，降低观赏效果。
另外，施完肥后要及时灌水，使肥料溶解供草坪吸收。
在草坪涨势减弱时，喷施1000倍液的磷酸二氢钾可促进根系的发育、培养健壮的根系，从而提高草坪的的抗病性，抗旱能力及整体植株的生长能力。
3.病虫害防治
草坪病虫害防治应该坚持预防为主，综合防治的原则。
(1)病害防治草坪病害是由生物因素、非生物因素，或不良环境因素
引起的植物生长失调现象。
常见的草坪病害主要有锈病、褐斑病和腐霉病。
锈病的防治用15%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂和甲基托布津、百菌清、代森锌等药配成400~800倍液喷雾；褐斑病的防治使用世高、代森锰锌、甲基托布津、多菌灵、井冈霉素等药物进行预防和治疗，预防浓度一般为800倍液，治疗时可用到500倍液；腐霉病的防治：改善立地条件，避免雨后积水，合理灌水、控制灌水量，降低草坪小气候相对湿度，及时清除枯草层，高温期草面有露水时不剪草，避免病菌传播，常用药剂有世高、百菌清、代锌锰锌、恶霉灵等。
在病害防治中应注意杀菌剂的真确使用，应根据防治对象对症下药，掌握好不同含量的杀菌剂所使用的浓度。
还应当交替使用杀菌剂，长期使用一种杀菌剂，容易使病菌产生抗药性，达不到预期的防治效果，并且相互交替使用的杀菌剂不能是同一类的。
（2）虫害的防治草坪虫害只要包括根部、根茎部以及食叶虫害，对草坪产生较大影响的害虫有蛴螬、地老虎、蝼蛄、白蚂蚁等。
蛴螬的防治应在播种前将辛酸磷微胶囊剂与肥料混合施入，幼虫活动初期喷施2.5%敌杀死2000倍液，利用黑光灯诱杀成虫金龟甲；蝼蛄的防治用50%辛硫磷乳油1000倍液，或2.5%敌杀死2000倍液灌根；地老虎的防治用2.5%敌白虫粉1.5KG与22.5kg 细土混匀成毒土，均匀撒在草坪上，也可用2.5%敌白虫粉，2~2.2%kg/667平方米喷粉，还可用50%辛硫磷1000倍液或25%敌杀死2000倍液喷雾；防治白蚂蚁时在其出入的地方没3~5m放置白蚁诱杀剂，也可以用25%的敌百虫乳剂、40%的氧化乐果乳油、2.5%的功夫乳油等配置800~1000倍液灌入其巢穴根除。
虫害的防治应做好预防工作，在喷施杀菌剂时，可以适量加入1~2种杀虫剂均匀喷雾，可以起到较好的预防效果。