practice1&2
Practice 1
Why do you like koala bears?1.A. throw B. these C. think D.south2.A.card B.smart C.hard D.warm3.A.Africa B.relax C.panda zy4.A.eat B.leave C.clean D.head5.A.fun B.ugly C.mushroom D.cuteⅡ.V ocabulary.词汇。
A)Look at the following animals and write down their names.看图写出各动物的名字。
6. 7. 8. 9.10. 11. 12. 13.B)Complete the words in each sentence.根据首字母，填出正确的单词。
14.The panda is very shy,so please be very q______.15.A dolphin is very i______ because it can act as people do.16.A g______ has a very long neck.It's a beautiful animal.17.The old lion has an u______face.We are afraid of it.18.Don't s______ in class.Keep awake and listen to me carefully,please.C)Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.用所给单词的正确形式填空。
19.Miss Miao is very ______(friend)to us.We like her very much.20.He usually sleeps and ______(relax)18 hours every day.21.Rick wants to go to the zoo and ______(enjoy)his day there.22.The ______(leaf)of the trees are green.23.Y ou can see many ______(kind)of animals in the zoo.Ⅲ.Number the sentences to make a conversation.把下列句子按顺序排列好，组成一段对话，把正确的序号写在前面的横线上。
雅思阅读1IELTS Reading Practice 1
IELTS Reading Practice 1AEaster(复活节) is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! —but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.BMake Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic –you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.。
Reading practice 1
Rhythms of NatureThere are several following rhythms to nature:day-night's rhythm,tidal rhythm and seasonal rhythm. The three rhythms can be seen. Besides them, there is still a rhythm that can't be seen---gravitational rhythm.The earth turns around its axis and forms day and night it turn. It can cause natural factors on the earth's surface----light and temperature----day-night's change. The change is periodical and rhythmical. It is called day-night's rhythm of nature. Animal'sactivities and its circadian function both touch with day-night's change on the earth, and yet repeat to appear partitioning off 24 hours. It is called day-night's biorhythm of animal. Some animals do activities at night and rest at daytime, for example, owl,vole,roach,bat,etc. Some animals do activities at daytime and rest at night, for example,chicken,duck,pig,bee,etc. Day-night's biorhythm of animal is controlled by biological clock in its body. The conclusion has been verified by scientists.A lot of scientists discovered by a large number of tests that mammalia's biological clock which shows day-night's biorhythm is located in a cerebral region called SCN. Scientists have separated four genes which affect the biological clock from SCN cell. They are respectively called per gene,time gene,clock gene and cycle gene. The four genes and their proteins make up a core of day-night's biological clock. And yet by some improvement, they seem to form a day-night's biorhythmic system which controls the whole animal's circle-----from fish to frog and from mouse to human.Scientists did an interesting test for roaches in order to setting biological clock of animal back or forward . Roach is an insect which rests at daytime and works at night. It is the activist at nightfall . Scientists put some roaches into a test room and reversed artificially the order of day and night in the test room . About past a week, the roaches just worked in the artificial "dark night " time even though it was a daytime in fact. It shows that biological clock of the roaches had been adjusted for 12 hours. The test demonstrates that bright-dark rhythm of daylight can affect heavily day-night's rhythmical action of animal.Tidal phenomenon means that tide comes in or goes out by a regular way. Every tide always comes later 50 minutes than last one. Namely, the cycle of tidal rhythm is 24 hours 50 minutes. The rule is just called the tidal rhythm of nature.There is a sort of small crab in sea beach. It has been living in a tidal environment . It need avoid tidal strike for life. By training and adaptation for a long time, it gradually follows the tidal rule. It usually gets out of its hole for finding food after every tide just goes out. It always gets into its hole 10 minutes in advance when next tide comes in again . It's just 50 minutes than last day when the small crab gets into its hole everyday . The active rule of the small crab is just identical with tidal rhythm. If these small crabs are transferred to environment without tide from seabeach ,then they still display the active rule which is identical with the tidal rhythm. This demonstrates that there is a biological clock reflecting the tidal rhythm in the small crab's body. We call it tidal biological clock. But biological clock needbe controlled by clock gene. So ,there must be a sort of gene which controls the tidal biological clock in the small crab's body.It can form the seasonal changes of spring,summer,autumn and winter when the earth moves a circle around the sun. Each change is periodical and rhythmical, which called seasonal rhythm of nature. Some animals can form a rhythmical action with the seasonal changes, for example,bird's migration, the hibernation of snake or frog,etc,and that is seasonal biorhythm of animal.A lot of bird's have a custom which changes their lives' area with the seasonal changes. It 's bird's migratory action. Birds' migration usually comes twice a year. Some birds fly to north's breeding area from south in every spring, forexample ,swallow ,cuckoo,etc. They fly again to south for hibernating from thenorth's breeding area when autumn comes in. These birds come in spring and go in autumn, so we call them summer migratory bird. Some birds are just opposite to the summer migratory bird at bird's migration, for example,swan,swan goose,red-crowed crane,etc. They come to south for hibernating from north in every autumn, and fly back to north's breeding area when next spring comes in . As for birds ,their migratory time in each year is seldom changed.Some animals can get into hibernation as soon as winter comes in,forexample ,frog,snake, bat, hedgehog,etc. Animal's hibernation is a seasonal rhythmical action. It is called hibernant biorhythm of animal. Being similar with day-night's biorhythm of animal or tidal biorhythm of the small crab, hibernant biorhythm of animal should be also controlled by clock-gene in its body.There is a rhythm which man can not be see in nature. It's just gravitational rhythm,which is caused by relative movements between the earth and any of other celestial bodies. All of matters in nature are attracted by the gravitation from the moon. So ,gravitational rhythm from the moon should belong to a natural rhythm. Can it directly touch with the lives' activities of human or other animals? The obvious answer is woman's menstrual rhythm.The cycle of woman's menstruation is about a month. So it belongs to a biorhythm that need originate in natural rhythm. Since woman's menstruation belongs to a biorhythm, then it need originate in natural rhythm, too. There are four sorts of natural rhythms in nature: day-night's rhythm,tidal rhythm,seasonal rhythm and gravitational one. The cycle of the day-night's rhythm is a day. The cycle of the tidal rhythm is 24 hours 50 minutes. The cycle of the seasonal rhythm is a year. All of them don't conform to the cycle of woman's menstruation------one month .So ,woman's menstruanl rhythm can't originate in any of them. In other way , the cycle of gravitational rhythm from the moon is about one month. So only it conforms to woman's menstrual rhythm in the natural rhythms.-- Adapted from:BIOLOGICAL ClOCK TICKS Michael W.YoungIn scientificAmerican,Vol.282;periodical 3,2000Complete the summary below. Choose no more than three words from the passage for each answer.There are four rhythms in nature: day-night's ,tidal, seasonal and gravitational. They are respectively associated with of animals and human beings. Scientists believe that animal's , which controls its day-night's biorhythm, mainly consists of and from SCN cell, and it can be set backward or forward . Roach is the touchstone in the regard. These nocturnal insects were put into a test room where a of day and night was created. Gradually, they hadtheir rhythmical action and worked in the night.The active rule of a small crab is with tidal rhythm. To avoidthe crab goes out for food after every tide and comes back with every tide.Seasonal rhythm of nature is and changes of the four seasons. Accordingly, birds usually twice a year and the snakein winter.Gravitational rhythm is an rhythm in nature,caused by relative movements among . It directly touches human lives. A woman'sis about one month, the cycle of gravitational rhythm from the .。
practise和practice的区别 二者有什么不同
practise和practice的区别其实非常小，但是正因为两个单词的区别很小，所以有很多同学都不明白二者有什么不同，下面就让小编来告诉大家吧。
practise和practice的不同应用范围不同，practice比practise的应用范围广。
practice有两种词性，既能做动词使用，也能做名词使用。
例句： practice speaking English.练习说英语;do some practice.做一些练习。
practise只有动词词性，用法和意思与practice相同。
例句：practise speaking English.练习说英语。
practise造句Lauren practises the piano every day.劳伦每天练习钢琴。
Acupuncture was practised in China as long ago as the third millenniumBC.中国早在公元前3,000年就已开始采用针灸疗法。
There are consistent reports of electrical torture being practised on inmates.一直有报道称犯人被施以电刑。
In Belgium only qualified doctors may practise alternative medicine.在比利时只有资质合格的医生才能从事非传统医学工作。
When she wanted to get something right, she would practise and practise andpractise.她想做好一件事的时候，就会练习、练习、再练习。
practice造句Some firms have cut workers 'pay below the level set in their contract, apractice that is illegal in Germany.一些公司把工人薪水减至低于合同规定的水平，这种做法在德国是非法的。
CET4 listening practice 1
CET4 Listening Comprehension 1Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A) The woman is the manager’s secretary.B) The man is found himself in a wrong place.C) The man is the manager’s business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.2. A) He needs more time for the report.B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped woman.D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.3. A) A friend from New York.B) A message from Tony.C) A postal delivery.D) A change in the weather.4. A) She is not available until the end of next week.B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams.C) She does not like psychology.5. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B) The woman’s watch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman should n’t make such a big fuss.D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.6. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her.B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary.D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.7. A) At an information service.B) At a car wash point.C) At a repair shop.D) At a dry cleaner’s.8. A) The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a localschool.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.10. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.11. A) Sports. B) Travel.C) Foreign languages. D) Computer games.12. A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) She is pregnant.B. She is over 50.C) She has just finished her project.D) She is good saleswoman.14. A) He takes good care of Lisa.B) He is the CEO of a giant company.C) He is good at business management.D) He works as a sales manager.15. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Practice 1
Practice 1完形填空We all konw that some things are previously right.For excaple .it is right to be 1 to other people.It is right to be __2___to other people .It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are____wrong ;too.For instance,we should not hurt or bully(欺负)other,noe should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.Rules can help the public make the right__3___,and remain safe.Car divers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent___4__.If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideeration,it will be__5__for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white”view.For example,they may believe that people should always tell the truth ,and that lying is__6___acceptable.Such people always stick to their views,even if it means that they may get into__7__.Sometimes it may not be so easy to know__8___what is right or wrong.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is ___9___to eat animals,but others argue that they can eat meat and __10___be kind to animals ,some insit that stealing is always wrong,but others think that one does not need to feel so_11____when stealing some food to eat,if he lives in a really poor area and he is__12___.Rules help us live together in harmony,because they show us the right way to__13__others.However,some people argue that rules may be__14___,having observed that rules change all the time,and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones ---so who is to_15___what is right?1.A kind B sensitive C fair D generous2.A equally B slightly C clearly D increasingly3.A suggestion B conclusions C turns D choices4.A accident B mistakes C falls Ddeaths5.A interesting B vital C easy D valuable6.A sedom B rarely C merely D never7.A trouble B power C prison D control8.A roughly B eventually C deliberately D exactly9.A awful B cruel C unhealthy D unnecessary10.A still B even C later D somehow11.A nervous B anxious C afraid D guilty12.A begging B starving C growing D wandering13.A follow B instruct C treat D protect14.A disgusting B confusing C unsafe D unimportant15.A predict B explain C decide D consider语法填空Mary will never forget the first time she saw him . He suddenly appeared in class one day,(wear)sun glasses.He walked in as if he (buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was form New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ( please) ,because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her,it was probably the fact that she sat in last row.he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong.It might have made a little (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class .Of course whenever they turnde to look at him ,they had to look at Mary, made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses feo medical reasos?”the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.”Then I’d appreciate if you didn’t wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.”The new boy looked at the tescher a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.Then he took off,gave a big smile and said,”That’ is cool.”阅读理解reading conprehensionI was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help .After all, I was a teenager girl ,and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must hav been a terrible danger on the roads,coming across me wandering through the traffic;motorists probably would hae to step rapidly on their brakes.Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters hat used to occur ob the way to and from work.One evening , I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to chenge buses, and as usual I ran into something.”I’m awfully sorry, ”I said to a lamppost .This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop,which was a request stop,where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off . No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation, because I hates shoeing I was blind by asking for help,I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end ,I usually managed to swalloww my pride and ask someone at the bus stop for help.But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course , I heard plenty of buses pass,or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let themall go by .I stood there along for half an hour without stopping one.Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.1.The girl refused to ask for help because she thought .A she might be recognizeB asking for help looked sillyC she was normal and independentD deing found blind was embarrassing2.After the girl got off the bus that evening ,she .A began to runB hit a person as usualC hit a lamppost by accidentD was caught by something3.At the request stop that evening, the girl .A stopped a big lorryB stopped the wrong busC made no attempt to stop the busD was not notice by other people4.What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?A Other vehicles also stopped there.B It was unreliable for making judgments.C More horries than buses responded to the girl.D It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.5.Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop ,hoping .A to find people thereB to find more buses thereC to find the bua by herself thereD to find people more helpful there。
剑桥少儿英语考试(第一级)章节题库 阅读与写作(Part 3)圣才出品】
Part 3Practice 1Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words.【答案与解析】1. kite 看图可知这是一只风筝。
2. bike 看图可知这是一辆自行车。
3. train 看图可知这是一列火车。
4. robot 看图可知这是一个机器人。
5. camera 看图可知这是一个照相机。
Practice 2Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words【答案与解析】1. eyes 看图可知这是一双眼睛（eyes）。
2. nose 看图可知这是一只鼻子（nose）。
3. ears 看图可知这是一双耳朵（ears）。
4. hair 看图可知这是头发（hair）。
5. mouth 看图可知这是一张嘴（mouth）。
Practice 3Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words.【答案与解析】1. desk 看图可知这是一个书桌。
2. ruler 看图可知这是一个尺子。
3. board 看图可知这是一个黑板。
4. eraser 看图可知这是一块橡皮。
5. alphabet 看图可知这是一张字母表。
Practice 4Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words【答案与解析】1. apple 看图可知这是苹果（apple）。
2. mango 看图可知这是芒果（mango）。
3. lemon 看图可知这是柠檬（lemon）。
4. orange 看图可知这是橙子（orange）。
5. banana 看图可知这是香蕉（banana）。
Practice 5Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words.【答案与解析】1. meat 看图可知这是一块肉（meat）。
practice1
Passage 1The novelist Robert Herrick was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on April 26, 1868. His oldest American ancestor, a nephew of the author of Hesperides, had settled at Salem in 1638; he was related to the Hales, the Mannings, the Hawthornes, and the Peabodys; his immediate forebears were lawyers, teachers, and clergymen. At Harvard, he was a contemporary of Santayana, William Vaughn Moody, Norman Hapgood, and Robert Morss Lovett; he nearly wrecked the Harvard Monthly when he sullied its chaste page with the first English translation of Ibsen’s Lady from the Sea. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new University of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences. During his later years the spot of earth dearest to his heart was York Village, Maine, but after his retirement from teaching he brought his career to a rather amazing close as government secretary of the Virgin Islands. He died at St. Thomas on December 23, 1938.1.To which of the following families was Herrick related?a.The Santayanasb.The Hawthornesc.The Moodysd.The Hapgoods2.In lines 3-4, the phrase “immediate forebears”could best be replaced by which of thefollowing?a.closest ancestorsb.wealthiest relativesc.cleverest kinsmend.earliest forefathers3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a profession of Herrick’s relatives?a.Farmerb.Teacherc.Clergymanwyer4.Herrick moved to the University of Chicago at the request ofa.the Halesb.the Manningsc.Robert Morss Lovettd.William Rainey Harper5.According to the passage, Herrick’s students thought he wasa.gifted in English translationb.unfair in his gradingc.easy to understandd.kind during personal contact6.In which of the following activities was Herrick involved during the last years of his life?a.University teachingernment workc.Translatingd.LecturingPassage 2There are two main kinds of sloth, the two-toed and the three-toed. Of these, the three-toed is considerably the more slothful. It hangs upside down from a branch suspended by hook-like claws at the ends of its long bony arms. It feeds on only one kind of leaf, Cecropia, which happily for the sloth grows in quantity and is easily found. No predators attack the sloth----few indeed can even reach it----and nothing competes with it for the Ceropia. Lulled by this security, it has sunk into an existence that is only just short of complete torpor. It spends eighteen out of twenty-four hours soundly asleep. It pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quite incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm. It is virtually dumb and its hearing is so poor that you can let off a gun within inches of it and its only response will be to turn slowly and blink. Even its sense of smell, though it is better than ours, is very much less acute than that of most mammals. And it sleeps and feeds entirely alone.1.The purpose of the passage is topare the two-toed and the three-toed slothsb.explain the parasitic relation of a type of moth to the slothc.describe the behavior of the three-toed slothd.condemn the way the sloth takes care of itself2.It can be inferred from the passage that the sloth uses its hooked claws mainly toa.hang on tree branchesb.clean its coatc.catch preyd.swing from one place to another3.What does the sloth eat?a.Caterpillarsb.Cecropiac.Mothsd.Algae4.How does the sloth spend most of its time?a.Eatingb.Sleepingc.Grooming itselfd.Finding food5.It can be inferred from the passage that if a person makes a loud noise near a sloth, the slothwilla. attack the personb.run away as fast as it canc.show little responsed.become deaf6.The author’s discussion of the sloth focuses primarily on the animal’sa.solitary natureb.physical handicapsc.dietd.inactivityPassage 3The Montessori method of educating children is guided by perhaps a half-dozen major principles of education. The first affirms the biological programming of child development, the child’s capacity for self-realization, for “auto-education.”The second calls for “scientific pedagogy”, a science of childhood based on observation. The third demands a natural environment in which self-development can be expressed and observed. Montessori believed that the school could be made into such an environment, thus becoming a laboratory for scientific pedagogy. This environment should be determined scientifically. In order to expand, children, left at liberty to exercise their activities, ought to find in their surroundings something organized in direct relation to the children’s internal organization. All of these principles imply the next, which Montessori calls the “biological concept of liberty in pedagogy”; the child must be free to act spontaneously and to interact with the prepared environment. The entire program is concerned with the individual child; the spontaneity, the observation, the freedom are always those of the individual. Finally, the modus operandi of the method is sensory training.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?a.Principles of the Montessori Methodb.Modern Principles of Educationc.Results of the Montessori Methodd.Stages of Child Development2. In line 5, the phrase “such an environment”refers to which of the following kinds of environment?a. Biological, accompanied by specimensb. Scientific, accompanied by experimentsc. Pedagogical, in which ideology prevailsd. Natural, in which self-expression prevails3. According to the passage, the Montessori method focuses ona. the individual childb. pairs of childrenc. small groups of childrend. large groups of children4. It can be inferred from the passage that the Montessori method was named after aa. schoolb. townc. persond. book5. What of the following would NOT be advocated by the Montessori method?a. Tightly controlling children’s group activitiesb. Carefully teaching children to listen and observec. Permitting children to work at their own paced. Allowing children to speak out at will during classesPassage 4In an experiment designed to study the effect of majority opinion, even when it is contrary to fact, small groups of subjects observed a standard straight line, and then judged which of three other lines equaled it in length. One of the other lines was longer, one shorter, one equal to the standard; the differences were great enough that threshold judgments were not involved. All but one member of each group had been instructed to agree upon a wrong answer for a majority of the trials. The experimental subject was thus pitted against a majority, and the subject’s problem was whether to disagree with the majority, or to doubt his or her own judgment and agree. Many subjects refused to change, and continued to hold to their independent appraisals. But a substantial number yielded under pressure from the others’apparent judgments. The amount of yielding depended upon the clarity of conditions （lack of clarity led to conformity to majority opinion）, individual differences, and the size and unanimity of the opposition. With the opposition of only one other person there was very little yielding; with two against one the amount of yielding became pronounced; and a majority of three was nearly as effective as larger majorities against the lone dissenter.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?a.The accuracy of threshold judgments.b.The inability of groups to estimate correct line length.c.The impact of majority opinion on the judgment of an individual.d.The necessity of clear conditions in conducting successful experiments.2. A total of how many lines were shown to each group of subjects?a.Twob.Threec.Fourd.Five3.Why did all but one of the members of each group choose the wrong line?a.They could not accurately judge which lines were equal in length.b.They were told to do so for the purposes of the study.c.They wanted to humiliate the person who disagreed.d.They did not understand the instructions.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the main purpose of the experiment was to examinethe tendency that many people have topeteb.conformc.criticizemunicate5.The experiment described in the passage was most likely carried out bya.physicistsb.mathematiciansc.linguistsd.psychologistsPassage 5This vertical movement of the fieldstones is not simply an artifact of soil erosion; it is the result of frost heaving. In the fall the soil freezes first beneath stones, because stones are a betterconductor of heat than soil. Or, put another way, soil is a better insulator than rock. In a sea of insulation, stones are chilly islands.Because most glacial still has a fairly high water content, ice forms beneath fieldstones when they freeze, and the expansion of this ice forces them upward. Even when the ice thaws, the stones do not return to their original positions because during thawing particles of soil seep into the cavity beneath, partially preventing the stones from dropping. Like a ratchet on a car jack, each freeze-thaw cycle gradually lifts the fieldstones toward the surface. In a very cold winter there may actually be two thrusts per freeze. Ice expands when it initially forms, but as the temperature plummets, the ice contracts. In the reverse process, when this very cold ice finally melts, it must expand a second time, pushing the stone once more.In theory, the upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil, all the stones above the frost line having been pushed to the surface and carried away. What a vision! Acres of pure, deep soil and crowbars rusting away unused. Alas, the fastest stones move only an inch or soa year, and most are orders of magnitude slower.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?a.The effect of frost heaving on stones.b.The water content of various types of soilc.Factors affecting the rate of ice expansiond.Seasonal variations in ground temperature2.What statement was most probably made in the paragraph preceding this passage?a.Pure soil is quickly eroded.b.Fieldstones are lifted to the top of the soil.c.It is not easy to move stones from fields.d.Ancient cultural artifacts are buried deep in the soil.3.Where does the soil freeze first in the fall?a.On the tops of stonesb.In areas of pure, deep soilc.Under rocksd.On islands4.In the first paragraph, the author gives an example ofa.glacier movementb.soil erosionc.climate changed.heat conduction5.According to the passage, why do fieldstones remain raised in the soil when the ice thaws?a.Melting ice erodes the soil around them.b.Soil fills in under them.c.They remain in a frozen layer of topsoil.d.The frost line under which they are resting moves upward.6.The author refers to a car jack in an analogy that illustrates howa.stones are pushed upwardb.heavy rocks press down on deep levels of soilc. a crowbar is used to remove stones from soild.automobile parts freeze in cold weather7.Which of the following conclusions is supported by the third paragraph?a.Stones above the frost line will quickly be pushed upward.b.The number of stones surfacing each year is decreasing.c.Acres of pure, deep soil regularly result from frost heaving.d.New stones will continue indefinitely to surface at a slow rate.8.In paragraph 3, the author exclaims “What a vision!” to express an attitude ofa.fearb.disgustc.enthusiasmd.romance。
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Practice ⅠThere are many things an individual can do to reduce environment pollutionProtecting our environment is not just the responsibilities for government, but still something essential for individuals. What an individual should do is to try the best to reduce environmental contaminate, which does well both for environment to be survived and people to form good habit. Although the effort of one person may be insufficient, one the other hand, we can to some extent do our endeavor to infect other people who are potential to join our team to protect environment. If so the environment will probably see a promising future. Let’s have a look at the following statements helping the environment get out of mess.First of all, the less usage of petrol, the less carbon dioxide we put in to the air, which can make the earth enveloped by a thick blanket, then causing global warming. Many methods have been proposed to improve this phenomenon, for example, the most obvious way of dealing with this problem is reducing traveling by car. While choosing bicycles to go to work instead of petrol burned car can be an excellent idea, which is served as a more environmental friendly way to take part into the traffic. What’s more it is also considered as a time saving way to make people healthier. Taking public transport other than driving a car is favorable for environment protecting.Secondly, saving energy is another thing that we likely to do to reduce the carbon dioxide pumped into the air, specially the electricity our daily energy relying on the coal-burning power plants which will produce more carbon dioxide and even some harmful gases to the air. Hence replacing old fridge as well as air-conditioners with efficient models can be a way not only save money on electricity bills, but also curb global warming.The last but not the least method is to plant more trees, and at the same protect those subsistent forests which served as the lung of the earth. Because green plants can breathe in carbon dioxide, but breathe out oxygen which is such precious for the whole human beings and animals. I have to say this seems to be the essential way to solve the environmental issues that we should not ignore and also the most environmental way to give the answer to the nature.All in all, it is everyone’s obligation to protect environment from those tiny things by our side that we don’t care so much about in our daily life, which may really do good for our living surroundings and even improve our mental condition.Practice ⅡE-learning has several disadvantages for studentsAs the development of high-tech rapidly, more and more people begin to realize that what they really lack is time, so that people always do not have time to learn and even enjoy life. In order to solve this problem, scientists produce a new way called E-learning to help people to learn without entering schools or universities but anywhere you like, which seems more flexible, convenient and acceptable by those who have less time to study.However, every coin has two sides. There is no perfect way for people to get a perfect thing, because we have to say advantage and disadvantage are always absolutely existed in the world forever like the sky and ground that can not be coalescent forever. First of all, the disadvantages of E-learning include the lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers as well as schoolmates, especially for those students who should go to school for studying, which seriously affect their mental and physical development. For example, E-learning to some extent means student do not need to go school but stay at home instead. In order to learn more many students prefer to stay at home for study but not go outside, which will lead this part of student isolated from real world as well as the decreasing of their communication skills. If so they will feel hard to survive in society, because they have little skills to communicate with others.On the other hand, when it comes to talk something about self-control for students, E-learning turn be the worse way. For the reason that it is possible for anyone to put any kind of information on the net, and this can be accessed by adults and even children. What is worse, if children do not spend time on study knowledge but to browse those websites they should not enter in. They may contact with pornographies, violence and addictive on-line games, which can lead to negative effects on their growth and development.So we should be dialectic to see E-learning, for that is really bringing so much convenience and flexibility to our life, but it still should not be instead of the present education system.。