第一讲 名词
第一讲名词

第一讲名词(一)概念和分类:1.专有名词:如:China, the Great Wall2.普通名词:(分四种):(1)个体名词:pen, doctor(2)集体名词:family, class(3)物质名词:water, paper(4)抽象名词:work, time(二)名词的数:构成复数名词的规则如下:1、pen----pens, coat----coats2、class----classes, box----boxes3、factory----factories4、days5、tomato----tomatoes, piano---pianos6、knife----knives, wolf---wolves注:man----men, child----children, sheep----sheep.例题1 paper是可数名词吗?一张纸怎么说?例题2 radio的复数形式是radioes吗?例题3 汉译英:(1)两个美国人(2)三个英国人(3)许多中国人例题4 I’ll tell you a good news这名话对吗?例题5 “玛丽的头发”和“教室的窗户”,这两个词组怎么译?例题 6 “今天的报纸”和“五分钟的步行”怎样用英语表示?练习I.在下列名词中哪些是不可数名词?foot, sheep, family, tea, wife, rice, zoo, piece, man, boot, fox, bread, enemy, horse, work, tomato, day, homework, ink, piano, valley, mountain, watch, thief, tooth, milk, air, cow, bus, meat, monkey, gas, rubbish, key, photo, blood, meeting, music, month, fishII. 写出下列名词的复数形式:1.jeep, cock, coat, hand, group2.valley, monkey, library, baby, country3.potato, tomato, hero, radio, photo4.leaf, life, thief, knife, shelf5.bus, glass, brush, pencil-box, watch6.foot, tooth, boot, child, policeman7.sheep, handkerchief, German, Japanese, FrenchmanIII. 将下列句子变为复数形式:1.This is a wolf.2.It’s an interesting story.3.Is there a piano in the room?4.That sheep is fat.5.What a nice child he is!6.What color is that coat?7.There is a fox under a tree.8.Whose bookshelf is this?9.Is that a sheep or a goat?10. It’s a beautiful city, isn’t it?IV.翻译下列词组:1.汤姆的父母亲 2. 学生们的书桌 3. 昨天的报纸4. 我叔叔的屋子5. 一张世界地图6.中国的首都7. 两杯茶8. 两双鞋子9.儿童节10.书的封面V.选择正确答案:1.How many desks and chairs _______there in yourclassroom? (is, are)2.I know ______ Russia. (a few, a little)3.How ______ is this jacket? (many, much)4.Who gave you some _______ yesterday evening?(advice, advices)5. I’m sorry, I have ______ ink in my pen.(little, few)6.English ______ not easy for me to learn.(are, is)7.We have made quite ______ American friends. (a little, afew)8.He has just had ________. (two breads, two pieces ofbread)9.I don’t think physics ________ more difficult thanChinese.(are, is)10.There ________ a lot of rice in the bag.(is, are)11.There are ________ sheep in the field. (a little, a few)VI. 判断下列句子哪句是正确的:1.他们是德国人还是日本人?A.Are they Germen or Japanese?B.Are they Germans or Japanese?2.我有许多钱。
第一讲 名词分类与用法

第一讲名词分类与用法ContentPart 1 随堂笔记Part2 课上练习Part3 课后作业随堂笔记一、名词分类注:可数和不可数如何区分?可数名词分开之后不再是本身不可数名词分开之后仍是本身二、可数名词可数名词的使用规则:非单即复(单数前面加a/an)复数要加s等注:不加s与加s意思不同glass 玻璃paper 纸time 时间glasses 眼镜;玻璃杯papers 论文;卷子times 次数;倍数work 工作works 著作三、不可数名词不可数名词的使用规则:1.前面不能加a/an,后不加s;2.视为单数,eg. Bread is good.;3.前加量词,量词可数eg. a cup of coffee a glass of juice two bars(条)of chocolate a bottle of water a bag of money常见的不可数名词:coffee; juice; chocolate; water; money四、集体名词的用法1.people, police , cattle (牛们)谓语用复数2.family, class, team, group规则:视为整体时,用作单数家庭班级组视为个体时,用作复数家人班里的同学们组员My family is a large one.(家庭整体)My family are very friendly.(家人每一个人)课上练习一、帮下列名词找到自己的家!二、用词的适当形式填空。
1.I have 5 ,but only one of them is my true (friend).2.There are too many on the road, so we can say that the traffic is busy.(bus)3.I want to eat some for dinner.(fish)4.I was so thirsty that I drunk 5 (glass) of water yesterday.5.I have too much (homework) every day.三、用be动词的适当形式填空。
中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词

第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类(一)专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如:Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词,叫普通名词。
如:desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...(二)可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches;c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, city-cities ;d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ;e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)__________+es 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们)-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese(中日不变英法变,其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰,若要表示数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
初中英语名词

and
in
the fridge (冰箱).
A.tomato;milk
B.tomatos;milks
C.tomatoes;milk
D.tomatoes;milks
关闭
some 后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。tomato 是可数名词,其复数 形式为 tomatoes;milk 是不可数名词。故选 C 项。
一
二
三
四
五
典例精析
1.(2014·湖南永州中考)—Whose
are these?
—I think they are John’s.
A.key
B.keies
C.keys
解析:key 的复数是 keys。
答案:C
2.(2014·四川广安中考)—How many
are there?
—About fifty.
一
二
三
四
五
典例精析 1.(2014·贵州黔东南中考)Look!There
are some
on the farm.
A.chicken
B.goose
C.sheep D.cow
解析:由谓语动词 are 可知 some 后跟可数名词复数。chicken 的
复数为 chickens;goose 的复数为 geese;sheep 的复数为 sheep;cow 的 复数为 cows。故选 C 项。
是可数名词;carrot “胡萝卜”,是可数名词。a lot of “许多;大量的”,其
后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。句意:汤姆身体很健康,因为他经
常A 锻炼并且吃很多健康食物。根据句意选 A 项。
关闭
解析 答案
一
第一讲 名词和数词

专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第一讲 名词和数词名词[思维导图]一、名词的分类二、名词的数1.规则名词的复数2.不规则名词的复数3.合成名词的复数(1)若有中心词,则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词,则把最后一个词变成复数。
passer-by→passers-by,sister-in-law→sisters-in-law,grown-up→grown -ups(2)“man/woman+n.”变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数:women engineers。
三、不可数名词1.常见的不可数名词一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不可数的名词有:milk,music,homework,housework,weather,news,butter,information,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。
[名师指津] word意为“消息”,room意为“空间”,man意为“人类”时,通常不带任何修饰词。
2.抽象名词的具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有:四、名词作定语1.通常用单数名词作定语cotton goods 棉织品history teacher 历史老师paper factory 纸厂telephone number 电话号码test paper 考卷weather forecast 天气预报2.有时用复数名词作定语(1)man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。
a woman writer/some women writers(女作家)[名师指津] 与man和woman不同,boy和girl用作定语时,总是用单数。
第一讲_初中英语名词

第一讲初中英语名词第一节名词的相关概念一、名词的分类名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
1. 普通名词又可分为:(1)个体名词。
如:cup,desk,student等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
(2)集体名词。
如:class,team,family等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
(3)物质名词。
如:rice,water,cotton等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
(4)抽象名词。
如:love,work,life等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
2. 专有名词:如:China,Newton,London等。
二、名词的数(一)可数名词的复数形式的构成规则1. 一般情况下在名词的词尾加s,如:book books,pencil pencils.2. 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es,其读音为[iz]。
如:bus buses,box boxes,watch watches,dish dishes3. 以-y结尾的名词:(1)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,把y改为i再加es,读音为[iz],如:factory factories,company companies (2)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾,直接在词尾加-s,读音为[z]。
如:key keys,Henry Henrys等。
4. 以-f和-fe结尾的名词:(1)变-f或-fe为v再加-es,读音为[vz]。
如:thief thieves,wife wives,half halves等。
(2)直接在词尾加-s,如:roof roofs,gulf gulfs,chief chiefs,proof proofs等。
(3)两者均可。
如:handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.5. 以-o结尾的名词:(1)以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后直接加-es,读音为[z]。
如:hero heroes,potato potatoes,tomato tomatoes (1)以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词后直接加-s,读音为[z]。
英语名词讲解

第一讲名词篇一、名词的含义:指人或者物品的名称。
分为专有名词和普通名词(一)专有名词:指地点、机构、事物的名称,其特点是首字母要大写。
Eg:China、Betty(二)普通名词:分为可数名词和不可数名词二、名词的数:在英语里面,名词分可数名词(即能数清楚的单词)和不可数名词(不能数清楚的单词)。
(一)不可数名词即数不清楚的名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数名词用Eg: sun water bread foodair rice不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。
Eg:The water ____________(be)clean.(二)可数名词有单复数之分,1、单数即指一个,前面要用a或an,表示:一个....eg: a pencil, a basketball,an apple2、复数即两个或两个以上的,名词单数变复数,要作相应的变化,情况如下:(1)规则变化①、一般在名词词尾加-s. 如:desks, pens、boys①、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词的词尾加-es.如:watches, buses, boxes.①、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,改y为i再加es. 如:families, cities.①、以f或fe结尾的名词,改f或fe为v再加es.如:lives, knives.①、以o结尾的名词,有生命的在词尾加es. 如:tomatoes,potatoes初中阶段主要有:Negro(黑人)hero(英雄)爱吃tomato(西红柿)和potato(土豆)以o结尾的无生命的名词+s. 如:pianos, radios,zoos(2)不规则变化:(要特殊记)child→children man→men woman→womentooth→teeth foot→feet sheep→sheepdeer→deer Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanesefish --fish mouse---mice三、名词所有格:意为:...的,多数情况其后面要有名词名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
中考英语语法复习教学设计讲义第一讲:名词

中考英语语法复习教学设计讲义第一讲:名词一. 教材分析本讲义以中考英语语法复习为主题,第一讲主要涉及名词。
通过本讲义的讲解,学生将掌握名词的分类、名词所有格、不可数名词和可数名词的用法等基本知识。
教材内容紧密围绕中考英语考试大纲,难度适中,旨在帮助学生巩固和提高名词相关知识。
二. 学情分析学生在初中阶段已经学习过名词的基本知识,但部分学生对名词所有格、不可数名词和可数名词的用法仍存在模糊之处。
此外,学生可能对一些特殊例子的理解不够深入,导致在实际运用中出现错误。
因此,在教学过程中,需要针对这些薄弱环节进行重点讲解和操练。
三. 教学目标1.掌握名词的分类;2.理解名词所有格的用法;3.掌握不可数名词和可数名词的用法;4.能够正确运用名词知识解决实际问题。
四. 教学重难点1.名词所有格的用法;2.不可数名词和可数名词的区分及用法。
五. 教学方法1.情境教学法:通过设定生活情境,让学生在实际语境中运用名词知识;2.例句解析法:通过分析典型例句,让学生深入理解名词所有格和不可数/可数名词的用法;3.互动式教学法:引导学生积极参与课堂讨论,提高课堂氛围,促进学生主动学习。
六. 教学准备1.准备相关课件和教学素材;2.设计课堂练习题和课后作业;3.准备教学过程中可能用到的实物道具。
七. 教学过程1.导入(5分钟)利用实物道具,如水果、文具等,引导学生说出相应的名词,从而引入本节课的主题——名词。
2.呈现(10分钟)通过课件展示名词的分类,如人物、地点、物品等,同时介绍名词所有格的用法,如张三的铅笔(Zhang San’s pencil)。
3.操练(15分钟)设计一些练习题,让学生区分不可数名词和可数名词,并正确运用名词所有格。
例如:1.请将下列名词分类为人物、地点和物品。
2.请用适当的名词所有格形式完成句子。
4.巩固(10分钟)让学生分组进行讨论,分享彼此在操练过程中的心得体会,教师巡回指导,针对学生的错误进行讲解。
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第一讲名词Lesson1 名词的数英语的词,根据词义、形式和在句子中的作用,可分为十大类。
名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词、介词、连词冠词和感叹词。
今天我们来认识名词。
I 名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词:America April August Beijing Opera Shaolin Temple普通名词分为个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。
下面我们就来认识下它们。
个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词dictionary family water lovepiano class paper wishcousin food air lifedrawer people steel success练习:将下列名词分类:Friend friendship work October peopleair Beijing daughter paper classⅡ名词的数可数名词有单数,复数两种形式。
单数名词指名词的数量为“一”;复数名词是指名词的数量大于“一”。
一、名词复数的规则变化。
1、一般情况下直接加“-s”rings thrillers2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加“-es”classes watches boxes dishes3、以稀有字母+y结尾的变“y”为“i”加es documentary-documentaries comedy-comedies4、以f,fe结尾变f,fe为v再加es life-lives thief-theives leaf-leaves二、复数的不规则变化单数复数1、单复数同形sheep sheepdeer deerfish fish(fish强调其不同种类时,可用复数形式fishes)Chinese Chinese2、oo变ee foot/tooth feet/teeth3、其他情况:woman-women child-childrenman-men mouse-mice4、以o结尾的有生命的名词+es potato/tomato/hero以o结尾的无生命的名词+s photo/raido5、常以复数形式出现的名词glassesscissorstrousersclothes6、有些名词本身有s,但不表示复数maths news①表示“一个”这类概念时,用a/an+名词(相当于汉语中量词的名词)+of如:a piece of news a bottle of milk②表示“几个”或许多等概念时,用相应的词代替a/(am)如:two pieces of news three bottles of water③表示“一些”“许多”等不确定的数量时,则用some,much,a lot of等修饰如:much(a lot of) work some water不可数名词的特征1、不可数名词在句子中一般被视为单数例句:There is some tea in the cup.I want to buy some rice.2、不可数名词前不能直接加a或an,但可以用the.例句:The milk on the table is for you.The bread tastes good.3、表示一些事物的不可数名词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Glass is an important material.Iron is hard.4、表示两类以上事物的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例句:Meat and fish are in the fridge.Art and water are important to life练习一、翻译下列词组。
两杯茶三杯啤酒七朵花2个新闻许多果汁一些雨水一片面包很多工作二、用名词的适当形式填空1、I have good news to tell you.(a; a piece of)2、There some apple juice in the bottle.(is;are ;am)3、The tea good.(is; am; are)4、Fish and meat my favorites.(is; am; are)5、The hot milk on the table for you.(is; am; are)练习:写出下列名词的复数形式film day plane house month busbox city photo knife childDialogueBen: Do you want to go to a movie?Sally: Yeah, I want to go to a movie.Ben: Do you like documentaries?Sally: Yes, I do. I like documentaries and comedies, but I don’t like thrillers.Ben: You don’t?Sally: No, I don’t. They are scary.ReadingI often go to movies with my friend. My favorite actor is Paul Jackson. He has a new movie, my fanther’s Birthday. It’s a very fuuny comedy. Mike likes the actor Rick Smith. He really likes his movie,Black September. It’s a very successful thriller, but I think it’s boring. Mike is English, but he likes Beijing Opera.Lesson2名词所有格Ⅰ词尾加’s构成名词所有格的情况①单数名词后加“’s”。
如Tom’s book②以“s”结尾的复数名词,复数词尾加“’”,如Teacher’s Day the Student s’ book③不以s结尾的复数名词后加“s”,如:Women’s Day④某物为两者共有的,后面加“’s”,如:Lucy and Lily’s bikes 露西和丽丽(共有的)自行车。
⑤两个人各自拥有的东西,两个名词都加“s”。
如:Lucy’s and Lily’s bike.⑥有些表示时间距离、国家等名词,也可以加“’s”。
如:yesterday’s Lesson ten minutes’ walk.⑦在表示店铺或某人的家时,名词所有格所修饰的名词常被省略。
如:go to the barber’sat my grandma’sⅡ与of构成短语表示所有格的情况①表示有生命的名词的所有关系,在该名词前用of。
如:The son of the poor man.A friend of her mother.②表示无生命名词的所有关系。
The door of the room.练习根据中文完成句子。
1、Are these bedroom?(双胞胎的)2、The guitar is (林涛的姐姐的)3、I like (这短裙的颜色)4、There are some pictures on the (教室的墙上)5、This is (王林和林英的课桌)Dialogue:A: Wow! How big the cake is! Whose cake is that?B: It’s mine. I bought it for Mary. Will you take part in Mary’s birthday party?A: Yes, of course. Look. This is my present. That is Lucy and Lily’s present.B: Oh, wonderful. We can go to the party together.ReadingLucy and Lily’s Clothes SaleHi, boys and girls! Welcome to Lucy and Lily’s clothes Store! Have a look at Lucy and Lily’s store. We have black and blue hats for $15.The blue sweater is $30.The yellow shorts are also $30 and the green shorts are on sale for $25! How much are the shoes? Sorry, those are my shoes! I need those.Lesson3名词在句中的作用名词在句子中的作用主要有①作主语WeiFang likes singing.②作表语My father is a doctor③作宾语We love English练习写出下列划线名词在句中的作用A、作主语B、作表语C、作宾语①She is a driver.②We speak English every day.③My mother likes coffee.④I am tired.代词1、人称代词表我、你、他、我们、你们、他们的词,叫做人称代词(1)人称代词分为两种形式:主格和宾格主格在句子中做主语,宾格在句子中做宾语。
I am a student.I是主格,作用是作主语Can you help me?me是宾格,作宾语,是及物动词help的宾语I gave him a book.him是宾格,作宾语,是及物动词gave的宾语Happy New Year to you.you是宾格,作宾语,是介词to的宾语主格I you he she it we you they宾格练习判断下列句子中划线词是主格还是宾格,做主语或宾语1、They study English.2、Can you hear me?3、She is an English girl.4、I must learn from her.5、She is talking with me.Dialogue:A: Are you free on Sunday this term?B: Yes, I am.A: Then what do you want to do?B: I want to join a club.A: What club do you want to join?B: Hard to say. Maybe a tennis club. And you?A: I want to join a chess club.B: Chess club? Do you often play chess?A: Yes, very often.B: Good, would you like to play a game with me sometime this week?A: Sorry, I like chess, but I can’t play it well.B: It doesn’t matter. I’m not good at it, either.ReadingI’m Allan. I’m a writer. I write books for kids and draw pictures for them, too. I work in the morning. In the afternoon, I often do some sports in the park. My wife Tina is a musician. She can play the piano, the drum, the guitar and the violin. She likes to help kids in the music club. Julie is my daughter. She is a singer. She sings in the evenings but not in the mornings. My son Peter is a sportsman. His day is very full. Every day, he runs,swims, and plays games. He can play basketball very well.。