剑桥雅思6 test3 阅读词汇
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 3(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 3（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The FilmA The Lumiere Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1895.Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat screen.B So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images. But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality that has made film the most dynamic, effective art form of the 20th century.C One of the Lumiere Brothers' earliest films was a 30-second piece which showed a section of a railway platform flooded with sunshine. A train appears and heads straight for the camera. And that is all that happens. Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a 'work of genius'. 'As the train approached,' wrote Tarkovsky,'panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them.'D Early cinema audiences often experienced the same confusion. In time, the idea of film became familiar, the magic was accepted -but it never stopped being magic. Film has never lost its unique power to embrace its audiences and transport them to a different world. For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events.A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured.E One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. For cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people traveled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived.Overwhelmingly, the lives recorded -at least in film fiction -have been American. From the earliest days of the industry, Hollywood has dominated the world film market. American imagery-the cars, the cities, the cowboys - became the primary imagery of film. Film carried American life and values around the globe.F And, thanks to film, future generations will know the 20th century more intimately than any other period. We can only imagine what life was like in the 14th century or in classical Greece. But the life of the modern world has been recorded on film in massive, encyclopaedic detail. We shall be known better than any preceding generations.G The 'star' was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Film personalities have such an immediate presence that, inevitably, they become super-real. Because we watch them so closely and because everybody in the world seems to knowwho they are, they appear more real to us than we do ourselves. The star as magnified human self is one of cinema’s most strange and enduring legacies.H Cinema has also given a new lease of life to the idea of the story. When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used. All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away. It was no more than a passing gimmick, a fairground attraction.I Cinema might, for example, have become primarily a documentary form. Or it might have developed like television -as a strange, noisy transfer of music, information and narrative. But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories. Originally these were conceived as short stories - early producers doubted the ability of audiences to concentrate for more than the length of a reel. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today.J And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw, and, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again - that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing, more real than reality.Question 1-5Reading Passage 1 has ten paragraphs, A-J.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.1. the location of the first cinema2. how cinema came to focus on stories3. the speed with which cinema has changed4. how cinema teaches us about other cultures5. the attraction of actors in filmsQuestion 6-9Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage6. It is important to understand how the first audiences reacted to the cinema.7. The Lumiere Brothers, film about the train was one of the greatest films ever made.8. Cinema presents a biased view of other countries.9. Storylines were important in very early cinema.Question 10-13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10. The writer refers to the film of the train in order to demonstrateA. the simplicity of early films.B. the impact of early films.C. how short early films were.D. how imaginative early films were.11. In Tarkovsky's opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that itA. aims to impress its audience.B. tells stories better than books.C. illustrates the passing of time.D. describes familiar events.12. When cinema first began, people thought thatA. it would always tell stories.B. it should be used in fairgrounds.C. its audiences were unappreciative.D. its future was uncertain.13. What is the best title for this passage?A. The rise of the cinema starB. Cinema and novels comparedC. The domination of HollywoodD. The power of the big screenReading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Motivating Employees under Adverse ConditionsTHE CHALLENGEIt is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organisation than a declining one, when organisations are expanding and adding personnel, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organisation create feelings of optimism. Management is able to use the growth to entice and encourage employees, when an organisation is shrinking, the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily. Unfortunately, they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose- those with the highest skills and experience. The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.Morale also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made redundant. Productivity often suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible. Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such retrenchment conditions. The ways of meeting this challenge can be broadly divided into six Key Points, which are outlined below.KEY POINT ONEThere is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs. For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. However, if the job to be filled is amanagerial post in a larger bureaucratic organisation, a candidate who has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation should be selected. Accordingly, high achievers should not be put into jobs that are inconsistent with their needs. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and Feedback. However, it should be remembered that not everybody is motivated by jobs that are high in independence, variety and responsibility.KEY POINT TWOThe literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated. The next factor to be determined is whether the goals should be assigned by a manager or collectively set in conjunction with the employees. The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organisatiors' culture. If resistance to goals is expected, the use of participation in goal-setting should increase acceptance. If participation is inconsistent with the culture, however, goals should be assigned. If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it.KEY POINT THREERegardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management's perceptions of the employee's ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals. For managers, this means that employees must have the capability of doing the job and must regard the appraisal process as valid.KEY POINT FOURSince employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another. Managers could use their knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which the have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions, autonomy, job scope and depth, and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.KEY POINT FIVEManagers need to make rewards contingent on performance. To reward factors other than performance will only reinforce those other factors. Key rewards such as pay increases and promotions or advancements should be allocated for the attainment of the employee's specific goals. Consistent with maximizing the impact of rewards, managers should look for ways to increase their visibility. Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone's remuneration, publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.KEY POINT SIXThe way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given. On a simplistic level, experience, abilities, effort and other obvious inputs should explain differences in pay, responsibility and other obvious outcomes. The problem, however, is complicated by the existence of dozens of inputs andoutcomes and by the fact that employee groups place different degrees of importance on them. For instance, a study comparing clerical and production workers identified nearly twenty inputs and outcome , clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list, but these were at the bottom of the production workers' list. Similarly, production workers thought that the most important inputs were intelligence and personal involvement with task accomplishment, two factors that were quite low in the importance ratings of the clerks. There were also important, though less dramatic, differences on the outcome side. For example, production workers rated advancement very highly, whereas clerical workers rated advancement in the lower third of their list. Such findings suggest that one person's equity is another's inequity, so an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes according to employee group.Question 14-18Reading Passage 2 contains six Key Points.Choose the correct heading for Key Points TWO to SIX from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14 -18 on your answer sheet.15 Key Point Three16 Key Point Four17 Key Point Five18 Key Point SixQuestion 19-24Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage19. A shrinking organisation tends to lose its less skilled employees rather than its more skilled employees.20. It is easier to manage a small business than a large business.21. High achievers are well suited to team work.22. Some employees can feel manipulated when asked to participate in goal-setting.23. The staff appraisal process should be designed by employees.24. Employees' earnings should be disclosed to everyone within the organisation.Question 25-27Look at the following groups of workers (Questions 25-27) and the list of descriptions below. Match each group with the correct description, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 25-27 on your answer sheet.25 high achievers26 clerical workers27 production workersReading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Search for the Anti-aging PillIn government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging -the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie* yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less? Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic', as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? Scientists first posed this question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction's benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction's many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. V arious interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population's average survival time, but only approaches that slow the body's rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans -rhesus and squirrel monkeys -have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.The monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum lifespans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one.Cells use the glucose from food to generate A TP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces A TP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn't) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries' as growth and reproduction.* calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodQuestion 28-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage28. Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.29. There is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life.30. Not many people are likely to find a caloric-restricted diet attractive.31. Diet-related diseases are common in older people.32. In experiments, rats who ate what they wanted led shorter lives than rats on a low-calorie diet. Question 33-37Classify the following descriptions as relating toA. caloric-restricted monkeysB. control monkeysC. neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeysWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.34Monkeys experienced more chronic disease.35Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer than average life span.36Monkeys enjoyed a reduced chance of heart disease.37Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.Question 38-40Complete the flow-chart below.Choose N O MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.参考答案1 A2 I3 J4 E5 G6 YES7 NOT GIVEN8 NOT GIVEN9 NO10 B11 C12 D13 D14 vii15 iii16 ii17 iv18 i19 NO20 NOT GIVEN21 NO22 YES23 NOT GIVEN24 YES25B26C27A28 NO29 YES30 YES31 NOT GIVEN32 YES33A34 B35 C36 A37 B38 glucose39 free radicals40 preservation。
2019年剑桥雅思6阅读难点解析：Test 3-优秀word范文 (1页)
2019年剑桥雅思6阅读难点解析：Test 3-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==剑桥雅思6阅读难点解析：Test 3剑桥系列真题 VI 中的 List of Headings ，段落标题配对题的比例呈明显上升趋势。
Cambridge IV V 各有两篇文章有该题型，而且各自只有9道和7道。
而《剑六》共有5篇文章包含该题型，一共28道题目。
这对广大考生无疑形成了不小的难度，烤鸭们需要加强对段落主旨的把握能力。
在雅思阅读的主流题型中，是非无判断题、小结填空题、简答题、标题配对题、其他配对题和多项选择题的前三种题型属于技巧题，后两种属于考核语言实力题。
《剑桥六》四套留学类阅读试题的题型分配比例是：判断题45道，主观题36道，标题配对题28道，其他配对题40道，选择题11道。
Cambridge VI 体现出的趋势是判断题仍然属于主流题型，但是其比例较Cambridge V 略有下降。
剑 VI 仍然把判断题作为数量最多的一种题型. 而配对题比例已经有所上升， Cambridge VI 中的配对题是最多的。
这恰与09年全年的考试趋势吻合，这会对语言功底相对薄弱的考生造成一定的障碍。
在主观题中， Summary 题型大多数都是针对全篇文章的摘要，而且题量很大，有一定难度。
虽然所占比例略有下降，但因为有一定难度系数，很多考生还是会心生畏惧。
而在无论是是非无判断题还是其他细节考核题目中，解题方式也更趋实力化，即需要一些体现实力的更客观，更理性的良好的阅读习惯跟方法，才能更正确地获得答案。
下面举例说明。
剑桥雅思6Test3Passage3原文+解析
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test3Passage3原文+解析,需要延伸拓展本单元其他篇幅的同学，请点击：剑桥雅思6test2passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析。
剑桥雅思6Test3Passage3原文You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Search for the Anti-aging PillIn government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging — the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie*yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less? Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic’, as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life? Scientists first posed this question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction’s benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction’s many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population’s average survival time, but only approaches that slow the body’s rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans — rhesus and squirrel monkeys — have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodThe monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum life spans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one.Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery’s emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn’t) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode。
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思6 test 3 passage 3 抗衰老药物.doc
雅思真题阅读词汇剑桥雅思6 test 3 passage 3 抗衰老药物今天我们雅思真题阅读词汇的文章来研究下剑桥雅思6 test 3 passage 3。
这篇雅思阅读的主题为抗衰老药物。
文章一开始先介绍了一种发现，即限制热量摄入可以延缓衰老。
之后描述了相关药物开发的过程，以及对猴子进行实验的情况。
最后说明了相关药物的缺陷和前景，并解释了其作用机理。
按照惯例，我们总结下其中出现的雅思阅读常考词汇。
第一自然段vigor n. 活力。
“在政府的实验室里，以及别的地方，科学家们正在寻找一种能够延长生命和年轻活力的药物”。
vulnerability n. 脆弱。
“随着年龄的增大，分子和细胞所积累的损害是我们对于身体衰弱十分脆弱”。
longevity n. 寿命。
“一种低卡路里但营养均衡的食物在各种各样的动物上都起到了很好的效果，提升寿命并延长良好的身体状况”。
第二自然段intake n. 摄入。
“不幸的是，为了好处最大化，人们可能不得不减少他们热量摄入的百分之30”。
mortal n. 凡人，人类。
“很少有普通人能够连续几年坚持这样一种严苛的养生疗法”。
mimic v. 模仿。
“但是如果有人能够发明一种药物，它可以模仿更少进食的心里效果，而不同强迫人们真的吃的更少”。
postpone v. 延迟。
“这种卡路里限制药物能够使人们更长时间的保持健康，延迟老年相关疾病的发生吗？”。
第三自然段incidence n. 发生频率。
“他们发现低卡路里饮食的老鼠平均比自由喂食的文章来自雅思老鼠活的更长，并且沾染老年常见现象的发生频率也更低”。
lifespan n. 寿命。
“这意味着最大寿命，而不仅仅是普通寿命，有所上升”。
第四自然段replicate v. 复制，重复。
“这一老鼠身上的发现已经重复了需多次，并且扩展到各种各样的动物身上”。
creature n. 生物。
“直到最近，研究被局限于寿命较短的生物。
它们跟人类的基因相差甚远”。
剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题模拟原文+详细解析+译文
剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage 3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The reaction of the Inuit community to climate changeii Understanding of climate change remains limitediii Alternative sources of essential suppliesiv Respect for Inuit opinion growsv A healthier choice of foodvi A difficult landscapevii Negative effects on well-beingviii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arcticix The benefits of an easier existenceExample AnswerParagraph A viii27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph E31 Paragraph F32 Paragraph GA Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, followingearly thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's instore for the rest of the world.B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast,。
雅思备考听力篇 剑6 test 3 section 4 雅思听力高频词汇.doc
雅思备考听力篇剑6 test 3 section 4 雅思听力高频词汇今天我们雅思备考听力篇的文章来研究下剑6 test 3 section 4。
题型上来看，该部分由单项选择题和单句填空题构成。
雅思听力section 4出现这两种题型的可能性一般。
大多数时候还是以提纲型填空为主。
场景上来看，这篇文章讲的是新石器时代爱尔兰居民的情况，属于非常偏僻的话题。
但其中仍然出现一些雅思听力高频词汇，我们将其总结如下：雅思听力高频词汇neolithic period 新石器时代。
完全不用记拼写的一个单词，只要大致知道意思，指的是特别远古的一个时期就好。
hypothese 假设。
雅思听力section 3和section 4原文中经常出现的一个单词，知道它可以增加大家对文章的理解，并帮助做出一些选择题。
但不用记拼写，知道意思就好。
origin 起源。
雅思听力section 4可能作为答案出现的一个单词，但频率不是特别高。
evidence 证据。
与origin一样，都是偶尔会作为section 4的答案出现。
立志考到7分以上的同学要着拼写。
continent 大陆。
雅思听力中经常提到的这种地理名词还有ocean（海洋），antarctic （南极），arctic（北极），pacific ocean（太平洋）等。
community 社区。
从section 1到section 4都有可能出现的一个单词。
其中有个m的双写，大家多加注意。
cattle 牛，牲畜。
section 4经常考到的一个单词，频率要比origin和evidence高很多。
例如剑11上有道题的答案就是cattle farm。
livestock 牲畜。
跟上面cattle的考察方式比较类似，甚至有时候会与cattle进行同义替换。
surface 表面。
雅思听力非常青睐的单词之一。
后面的face有时候会因为句子重音的变化而出现变音的情况。
plough 犁。
IELTS 6-3
IELTS 6：T est 3Part I1.How do most people travel to work where you live?These days, most of Nanjing people commute to work by their own cars. Unfortunately it causes much heavier traffic in rush hour.2.What traffic problems are there in your area? Why?There’re a couple of problems that are very obvious. One is the traffic jam. Because of it, if I have an appointment, I must set off as early as possible. Or I might be stuck in the traffic. The other is accident. Now the incidence is rising so fast. A lot of people are killed or injured in accidents.3.How do traffic problems affect you?Let’s start with traffic jam. As you might know, if I’m stuck in the traffic, I’ll be late for the appointment. Next it’s a nightmare to be caught by an accident. If so, I’ll have to call the police and have my car repaired in the garage.4.How would you reduce the traffic problems in your areas?Firstly, it’s a good idea for the Government to improve the road safety. As you might know, the problems on roads cause the traffic jams. Also, the Government should make a harsher punishment to the driving offences. It might be good to reduce the traffic accidents.Part IIThe game I really enjoy is the “Monopoly Game”. The reason why I like it is that the game is easy to play. There are some instructions related to the game. Y ou know the dice, and if you get a 3, for example, you move three squares around the board. If you land on a property owned by another player, you have to pay rent.Several years ago, I got to learn it in a party. Afterwards, I sometimes tend to play it weekends with my friends who are also interested in the game. We often play the game at home, in a pub or in a café.In addition, I enjoy it because it’s a good chance to learn something. In the game, you’ll quite often hear about the terms of real estate, stocks and funds. Y ou know, today the investment and personal finance are very interesting and useful. Through the game, I have the general idea of how to purchase securities, how to earn money by building and renting a house. Whatever, the game is absolutely fascinating and good for the general knowledge about something related to real estate.Part III1. How have games changed from the time when you were a child?A great change has taken place, actually. When I was a kid, there were not a lot of interesting toys or machines, so we used to play very simple games, mainly outdoor activities. But today, thanks to computers and the internet, the video games and online games are available everywhere. I find most of children are crazy about these.2. Do you think this has been a positive change? Why?Sure. Actually whether it is positive or nagetive depends on our attitude and extent. The change can help children have more choices, enlarging their views. Obviously, modern children are smarter and more open-minded than those study and even health. So I feel the parents should do something to guide them how to play and work.3. Why do you think children like playing games?I guess it is human nature for children to be curious about everything new. In the games, children can understand something unknown through practice. Besides, children have a strong attempt to meet new people. In the games, to make friends with those who have something in common is a very interesting thing.4. Do you think competitive games are good or bad for children? In what ways? Generally speaking, I think they are positive for children. Competition is everywhere, so it is better for children to understand what competition seems like as early as possible. Besides, competition can be considered as a self-motivation. If someone wishes to be better than someone else, he or she will work harder and try to make things better. It’s a kind of bonus.5.How can games sometimes help to unite people?In most cases, games are just a kind of fun. But some games like “Bridge”, a card game, needs the cooperation and even eye contact, which helps people to unite. Also in some games like outdoor activities, sometimes there are some dangers or injuries. If an accident is going on, others must give him or her big favor. Obviously, it is a good way to unite people.6.Why is competition often seen as important in today’s society?Because in many cases, competition can bring us the improvement and even the sense of achievement. For example, a lot of firms have to compete with each other in a product. In the course, the price is lower and the quality of service is improved. Whatever, it’s good for the consumers. Another case is that those who have own in the competition will have more chance to succeed. That’s why thousands of girls are trying to win a game named “Super Girls”, which is a competition of singing. The winners will have a good future in the singing career.。
剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage 3 详细解析 译文汇编
体裁议论文主题气候变化与因纽特人结构A 段：概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟 B 段：因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反应 C 段：艰苦恶劣的自然条件 D 段：生活必需品来源的替代品 E 段：安逸生活的负面影响 F 段：因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视G 段：人们对于环境的认识十分有限A 段incident n. 事件abstract adj. 抽象的snowmobile n. 雪地汽车shrink v. 收缩thaw n. 融雪ice-free adj. 不冻的igloo n. 圆顶建筑knock-on adj. 连锁的insulating adj. 绝缘的precipitation n. 降水permafrost n. 永久冰冻( 永久冻土，永久冻地) canary n. 金丝雀B 段urgent adj. 急迫的，紧要的，紧急的hard-won adj. 难得的，来之不易的precarious a. 不确定的；危险的autonomy n. 自治. 自治权threat n. 威胁lie in 在于content adj. 满足的combine v. 结合stand back 退后( 靠后站，不介入) ancestral a. 祖先的，祖传的C 段vast adj. 广阔的vanish v. 消失polar adj. 两极的，极地的adapt to 适应venture v. 冒险cope with 对付( 应付，克服) terrain n. 地带Thule n. 古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地meagre adj. 瘦的，不足的exploit v. 开发，开拓kayak n.( 爱斯基摩人用的) 皮船mammal n. 哺乳动物sled n. 雪撬D 段descendant n.子孙，后代rely on 依赖，依靠harsh adj. 艰苦的；苛刻的provision n. 供应品，必需品indigenous adj. 本土的replace with 取代，以……代替abandon v. 放弃scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的nomadic adj. 游牧的 E 段curtail v. 缩减，减少identity n. 身份；特性obesity n. 肥胖，肥大depression n. 沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症diabetes n. 糖尿病F 段at stake 在危险中( 处于成败关头) credibility n. 可信性tease out 梳理，挑出consult v.商议；请教vital adj. 至关重要的；所必需的agenda n. 议程wisdom n. 明智的行为：智慧impinge v. 侵犯G 段occupation n. 占有tremendous adj. 巨大的，惊人的onslaught n.冲击capriciousness n. 任性；善变F prediction n. 预言，预报难句解析 1. While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people‟s health. 参考译文：即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。
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enduring
adj.
持久的
hypnotic
adj.
催眠的
legacy
n.
遗赠(物)
dynamic
adj.
有活力的，动态的
H段
C段
lease
n.
租借
genius
n.
天才
novelty
n.
新颖,新奇
panic
n.
惊慌
worn off
消失
mere
adj.
仅仅
fade away
逐渐凋谢
crush
cellular
adj.
细胞的
Triglyceride levels
甘油三酸酯水平
vulnerability
n.
弱点，敏感性
glucose levels
葡萄糖水平
incredible
adv.
令人难以置信的
multitude
n.
多数
longevity
n.
寿命
elixirs
n.
不老长寿药
intake
n.
C6T3 Reading Passage 1: Cinema
A段
F段
stun
vt.
使晕倒,使惊吓
intimate
adj.
亲密的，密切的
thrill
v.
发抖
massive
adj.
巨大的，大规模的
screen
n.
屏幕,银幕
encyclopaedic
adj.
百科全书式的
B段
preceding
adj.
之前的
第一段
rhesus
n.
恒河猴
pill
n.
药片
demonstrate
vt.
证明
prolong
vt.
延长
pancreatic
adj.
胰腺的
vigor
n.
精力
hormone
n.
荷尔蒙，激素
caloric
adj.
卡路里的
insulin
n.
胰岛素
molecular
adj.
[化]分子的
indicator
n.
指示器，指标
n.
加强
minor
adj.
次要的
personalise
v.
使个性化
option
n.
选择权
allocate
vt.
分配
morale
n.
士气,民心
autonomy
n.
自治
redundant
adj.
多余的
scope
n.
范围
rumour
n.
谣言
第六段
impose
vt.
强加
contingent
adj.
挂钩的
retrenchment
(动植物的)寿命
retard
vt.
延迟
interventions
n.
干涉
free radicals
n.
自由基
infection-fighting
抗感染的
constrain
vt.
抑制
replicate
v.
复制
hypothesis
n.
假设
creature
n.
生物
scarce
adj.
不足的
yeast
n.
酵母
routine
n.
例行公事,常规
G段
leap
n.
跳跃,飞跃
consequence
n.
结果
imagination
n.
想象,想象力
presence
n.
出席,到场,存在
initial
adj.
最初的
inevitably
adv.
不可避免
image
n.
图像，影像
magnify
vt.
夸大，放大
unique
adj.
vt.
压碎
gimmick
n.
小发明，小玩意
D段
fairground
n.
集市，赶集
embrace
vt.
拥抱
I段
whim
n.
突发奇想
documentary
adj.
文件的，记录的
objective
adj.
客观的
narrative
n.
叙述
capture
vt.
捕捉
medium
n.
媒体,方法,媒介
E段
conceived
induce to
vt.
促使,导致
hamster
n.
东欧或亚洲的鼠类
preservation
n.
保存，保护
genetical
adj.
遗传的
n.
关联
intelligence
n.
智力,聪明,智能
perception
n.
理解
accomplishment
n.
成就,完成,技艺
resistance
n.
抵触，阻力
weigh
vt.
称...重量
C6T3 Reading Passage 3: The Search for the Anti-aging Pill
摄入
underlie
vt.
位于...之下
equivalent
adj.
相等的
activating
vbl.
使活动
mortal
n.
凡人
maintenance
n.
维护
harsh
adj.
苛刻的
第三段
regimen
n.
养生法
prototype
n.
模型
mimic
vt.
模仿
deoxy
adj.
脱氧的
physiological
n.
删除，裁员
advancement
n.
进步
第二段
attainment
n.
达成
abundance
n.
丰富
maximize
vt.
最大化
autonomous
adj.
自治的，自主的
visibility
n.
可见性
sought
vbl.
seek的过去式和过去分词
eliminating
vt.
消除
bureaucratic
adj.
官僚的
secrecy
n.
私密性
candidate
n.
候选人
remuneration
n.
报酬
affiliation
n.
从属关系
lump
n.
小块
inconsistent
adj.
不一致的
annual
n.
每年的
moderately
adv.
适度地
potentially
adv.
潜在地
第三段
第七段
literature
三磷酸腺甙
rodent
n.
啮齿动物
molecule
n.
[化]分子
compound
n.
[化]化合物
administer
v.
施用
eventually
adv.
终于
abundance
n.
丰富，充裕
第二段
synthesis
n.
合成
hunt
n.
猎取，寻找
interruption
n.
中断，干扰
lifespan
n.
adj.
生理学的
interfere with
妨碍
mimetic
adj.
模仿的
toxic
adj.
有毒的
diabetes
n.
[医]糖尿病
dose
n.
剂量
arteriosclerosis
n.
动脉硬化
trick
n.
诀窍
pose
vt.
提出
generate
vt.
产生
agent
n.
【化】药剂
ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
第一段
participation
n.
参与
a great deal
很多，大量
incongruous
adj.
不一致的，矛盾的
motivate
v.
激发，激励
perceive
vt.
察觉
personnel
n.
人员
manipulative
adj.
操纵的
associate with
v.
联合
第四段
optimism
n.
adj.
假想的
realism
n.
现实主义reel源自n.卷overwhelming
adj.
压倒性的
dominant
adj.
占优势的,支配的
fiction
n.
小说，虚构的故事
J段
dominate