美国文学_walt_whitman
沃尔特惠特曼

1856年,第2版《草叶集》出版,共收诗32首。《一路摆过布鲁克林渡口》是诗人最优秀的作品之一。此外, 《阔斧之歌》、《大路之歌》也是名篇。
1859年,《星期六周刊》的圣诞专号上刊出了惠特曼的一首优秀抒情诗《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》, 这是一首爱情和死亡的颂歌。次年应波士顿一出版家之请,印行了《草叶集》第3版,这本诗集算是第一次“正式 出版”。集中有124首新诗,包括《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》和3组分别名为《民主之歌》、《亚当的子 孙》、《芦......
沃尔特·惠特曼
著名诗人人文主义者
目录
01 人物经历
03 作品பைடு நூலகம்版情况
02 人物生平
基本信息
沃尔特·惠特曼(英语:Walt Whitman,1819年5月31日-1892年3月26日),出生于纽约州长岛,美国著 名诗人、人文主义者,创造了诗歌的自由体(Free Verse),其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)。
人物经历
人物经历
28岁 1841年搬到纽约。 1855年父亲去世,后并出版《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)第一版。 1862年,探望在腓烈德利斯堡战役中受伤的兄弟。1865年,林肯被暗杀,惠特曼的战时诗集 Drum-Taps (后来放到《草叶集》中)出版。1871年母亲路易莎去世。 1882年,会见奥斯卡·王尔德,出版 Specimen Days and Collect。1885年 为纪念林肯逝世20周年,作诗 《献给那个被钉在十字架上的人》,后收入《草叶集》。 1888年,第二次打击。严重的疾病。 1891年,草叶集最后一版。 1892年3月26日,惠特曼去世。 他在九个兄弟姐妹中排行第二。1823年,惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。惠特曼只上了6年学,然后开 始做印刷厂学徒。惠特曼基本上是自学的,他特别喜欢读荷马、但丁和莎士......
惠特曼的诗

惠特曼的诗
惠特曼(Walt Whitman)是美国19世纪著名的诗人,他的诗歌被誉为“美国诗歌的奠基之作”,也是世界现代自由诗的先驱之一。
他的代表作《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)被誉为美国文学史上的经典之作。
惠特曼的诗歌风格独特,他倡导人文主义和超验主义思想,强调人与自然、人与社会的和谐关系,反对传统的文学规范和束缚。
他的诗歌充满自由、激情和生命力,语言简洁、质朴、自然,表现了对生命、自由和人类命运的深刻思考和探索。
《草叶集》是惠特曼的代表作,由12个部分组成,涵盖了他的诗歌创作的全部内容。
其中最著名的是《我歌唱自由》(Song of Myself),这首长诗展现了惠特曼对自由、个性、人类平等和人类命运的思考和探索,被誉为美国文学史上的经典之作。
除了《草叶集》外,惠特曼的其他诗歌作品也有很高的艺术价值和文学价值,如《狂热之歌》(Song of the Exposition)、《欢乐之歌》(Song of Joy)等。
惠特曼的诗歌对美国文学和世界文学的发展产生了深远的影响,被誉为“美国诗歌的奠基之作”,他的诗歌风格和思想对现代自由诗和后现代主义诗歌的发展也产生了很大的影响。
惠特曼诗歌

惠特曼诗歌引言惠特曼(Walt Whitman),美国19世纪著名的诗人,被誉为美国诗歌的先驱和奠基人。
他的诗歌以自由、个人主义和精神自由为特点,深受广大读者的喜爱和推崇。
本文将全面、详细、完整地探讨惠特曼的诗歌,包括他的风格特点、主题内容以及对后世的影响等方面。
惠特曼的创作背景惠特曼的生平•惠特曼生于1819年,死于1892年,是美国文学史上的重要人物。
•他从小就对诗歌和文学有着浓厚的兴趣,并在成年后开始专职从事写作。
•惠特曼的创作生涯可分为几个阶段,每个阶段都有独特的风格和特点。
惠特曼的文学理念•惠特曼主张诗歌应该紧密联系人类生活,反映时代和社会的变迁。
•他强调个人主义和自由精神,认为每个人都是独特而有价值的。
•惠特曼的诗歌追求真实、自然和直接的表达,摒弃了传统的格律和形式约束。
惠特曼的诗歌风格自由诗形式•惠特曼的诗歌没有固定的格律和韵律,他自由地运用语言和形式。
•他经常使用自由诗(free verse)的形式,使诗歌更加生动和自然。
大胆而豪放的写作手法•惠特曼在诗歌中使用大量的修辞手法和意象,突出了情感和意义。
•他的诗歌充满节奏感,让读者感受到一种强烈的表达力和冲击力。
动人而深邃的主题•惠特曼的诗歌主题广泛,涉及自然、人类、社会和宇宙等各个领域。
•他关注人类的苦难和痛苦,也表达了对美好生活的向往和追求。
惠特曼的主要作品介绍《草叶集》•《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)是惠特曼最著名的诗集,也是他一生中最重要的作品。
•该诗集于1855年首次出版,后经过多次修订和扩充。
•《草叶集》以自然、个人主义和宇宙为主题,展现了惠特曼独特的诗歌风格和创作思想。
《横放音乐》•《横放音乐》(Crossing Brooklyn Ferry)是惠特曼的另一部重要诗作。
•这首诗以布鲁克林渡轮为背景,描述了城市和人类的变迁。
•《横放音乐》通过时空的跨越,表达了人类之间的共通性和联系。
惠特曼对后世的影响启发了现代诗歌的发展•惠特曼的自由诗形式和大胆写作手法对后来的诗人产生了很大的影响。
Walt-Whitman--沃尔特·惠特曼-英美文学综述

Drum Taps
• In May 1865 Walt began printing his Civil War literature, entitled Drum-Taps. • Some of Whitman’s poems are political committed. Before and during the Civil War, he stood firmly on the side of the North. Drum Taps Drum Taps is the collection of his emotions and feelings during the period. • In Drum Taps, as a lover of peace, Whitman express much mourning for the determination to carry on the fighting dauntlessly until the final victory.|
Leaves of Grass
• Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme) • The first version of his masterpiece, Leaves of Grass, appeared in 1855. • Emerson praised Whitman’s poetry as “the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet to contribute.”
美国文学之九:惠特曼1

美国文学之九:惠特曼1美国文学之九:惠特曼1瓦尔特.惠特曼(1819-1892)是19世纪美国最伟大的诗人。
他勇敢地肩负了民主战士、时代歌手、诗歌解放者的历史使命。
他以一部不朽的《草叶集》,将美国浪漫主义诗歌推向了顶峰。
惠特曼生长于纽约附近长岛的一个农民家庭,家境贫寒。
4 岁随全家移居布鲁克林。
少年时代只在布鲁克林读过五年小学,以后的文学成就主要是靠持之以恒的自学获得。
11岁时即为生活所迫,离开学校独立谋生,先后当过律师事务所的差役、报社的排字工人、乡村的小学教员。
1839年,惠特曼首次编辑《长岛人报》。
在整个40年代,他主要从事报刊编辑工作,担任过《布鲁克林鹰报》、《自由人报》等多家报刊的编辑;同时,他不断为各报刊撰写稿件,并积极参加民主党的政治活动。
50年代前期,他因政见不合离开了新闻界,一方面从事木工等体力劳动,大量接触了下层劳动人民,另一方面则开始写作热情奔放的诗歌作品。
1855年,惠特曼的代表作《草叶集》每一版问世,只收入诗作12首。
因其过于不同凡响,在当时受到普遍的冷遇,只有爱默生曾给予过热情称赞。
这以后直至诗人逝世,《草叶集》共出了九版,每一版均有新作收入,到第九版,所收诗篇已达近四百首之多。
50年代后期,他编辑过《布鲁克林时报》,在政治上支持新成立的共和党。
南北战争期间,他主动到医院做护理工作,救治伤病员。
他创作的一批以南北战争为题材的诗歌,是《草叶集》中的杰作。
内战结束后,他在华盛顿的内政部和司法部任一般职员,并撰写了《民主展望》等政论文章。
他的诗歌成就,逐渐引起了国际上的重视。
1873年,惠特曼不幸中风偏瘫。
从此健康状况时好时坏,但仍然坚持从事文学活动,出版了《草叶集》的几个新版本以及散文集《典型的日子》(1882)等其他著作。
晚年,他主要在新泽西州的卡姆登镇度过,生活窘迫,受到过友人的接济。
1892年,惠特曼作为最后一位19世纪美国浪漫主义文学领袖与世长辞,享年73岁。
惠特曼除诗歌作品之外,还写作过一些政论、散文以及不成功的小说,然而他辉煌的文学成就和崇高的国际威望,完全是由一部《草叶集》所奠定的。
美国文学-Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman
英语0817 2008521076 2008521077
•Born on may 31, 1819, in Long Island •Died on March 26, 1892 •An American poet, essayist, journalist , and humanist •The father of free verse in poetry
poetry anthology
• Through out Whitman’s life, Leaves of Grass went through 9 editions: 1855, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1889, 1891-92. • The first edition of Leaves of grass contained 12 poems, not sell well but it made a stir on the American literary scene. Because it broke with the poetic convention and expressed the pleasures of sex and the sensuality of the body, it was criticized as “noxious weeds”, “poetry of barbarism”.
life
Brought up in a family on Long Island, New York. He had little education, but read works of Shakespeare, Milton and Emerson. Worked as an office boy, a printer’s apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor, and journalist. In 1855, published the first edition of Leaves of Grass, marking the birth of truly American poetry, not well received by the general public because of its sexuality and exotic and vulgar language, but appreciated by Emerson. During the Civil War, worked as a volunteer nurse, an experience which further enriched his knowledge of life and the world. Died in 1892 while still rearranging and revising his Leaves of Grass.
美国文学_walt_whitman_简介

Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of love and happiness
1. Form: 52 sections, 1346 lines 2. Language This poem is written in free Verse, and no fixed beat and rhythm. The lines are not balanced. It is the unique form of Whitman’s poem.
Walt Whitman (1819 –1892)
Introduction to Walt Whitman (1819 –1892)
• American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist • A part of the transition between Transcendentalism (超验主义,先验论) and Realism • The father of free verse
4. Theme The poem reveals a world of equality, without rank and hierarchy, and celebrates the dignity, the self-reliant spirit, and the joy of the common man. 5. Social reference This poem was refused by the then society because of the change in the form of traditional poems and the idea about sex. But it greatly influenced the poetry world in 20th century in America.
沃尔特·惠特曼 Walt Whitman 美国文学史

• Equivalence of body and soul and the unabashed(不 加掩饰的) excitement of the body and sexuality.
Over the next 37 years, it appeared in nine editions altogether.
Drum-Taps(1865) --《桴鼓集》 collected into Leaves of Grass
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom (1865) --《最近紫丁香在庭 院里开放的时候》
Creeds and schools in abeyance, 教条和学派先放一旁,
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are,but never forgotten, 让他们暂且后退,满足于现状,但不被遗忘,
I harbor for good or bad,I permit to speak at every hazard, 我心怀善与恶,我要不顾一切地述说,
When he was sixteen, he worked as a teacher in the one-room school houses of Long Island.
He continued teaching until 1841, then turning to journalism as a full-time career at the age of twenty-two.
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Walt Whitman(1819 –1892)
• American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist • A part of the transition between Transcendentalism and Realism • The father of free verse
• Do you know that Old Age may come after you with equal grace, force, fascination? • 你知道,你老的 时候,你也会有 着同样的优雅、 活力和魅力吗?
• But old age ALSO has grace, force, and fascination, and -- don't kid yourselves -- you are going to grow old!
Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of lour days are filled • Day full-blown with delightful and splendid – day things -- the sun, of the immense our activities, our sun, action, ambitions [the ambition, laughter things we plan for • 光明绚丽的白 our futures], and 昼——灿烂的太 our laughter [the 阳照耀的,有着 joy of living]. 行动、雄心和欢 笑的白天啊,
Young people, Whitman says, you will not always be young. Even now, your old age and death are approaching.
Questions
• Q: What rhetorical devices are used in the poem? Alliteration: large, lusty, loving Internal rhyme: grace, force Repetition Metaphor: youth day, old age night Contrast: youth old age,day night Parallelism
Life and Career
In 1842 he was editor of the Aurora [ɔ:'rɔ:rə] and from 1846 to 1848 he was editor of the Brooklyn Eagle Supported slavery abolishing, dismissed from his job Served as a volunteer nurse during the Civil War Died in 1892, unmarried all his life
• The night follows close with millions • But, night for DEATH is close on the heels of the of suns, and sleep brightly lit days. Night also and restoring has "suns," which are the darkness. distant, far off stars . . . of • 无数的太阳、睡 无数的太阳、 ANOTHER WORLD. 眠和让人精力充 沛的黑夜追随在 • And with night comes sleep and darkness -- the 你身后。 你身后。 ETERNAL sleep of death
Whitman’s resting place
Major Works of Whitman
• Leaves of Grass 草叶集 • Drum-Taps 桴鼓集 Song of Myself 自我之歌 I Sit and Look Out 坐观世间 O Captain, My Captain! 船长,我的船长 When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d 最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候 • I hear America Singing 我听见美国在歌唱 • • • •
• Q: What do you think of the poet’s view on old age? • We guess maybe the poet’s view on the Old Age is even though we become old one day, we could be smile to our life and enjoy it with positive and optimistic attitudes like young people with energy, grace, and fascination .
Whitman’s birthplace
• Free verse is a form of poetry that refrains from meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. • Although free verse requires no meter, rhyme, or other traditional poetic techniques, a poet can still utilize them to create some sense of structure. • For example,Walt Whitman repeats certain phrases and uses commas to create both a rhythm and structure.
Youth, Day, Old Age and Night
Youth, large, lusty, • When we are loving – youth full young, our days of grace, force, are filled with fascination, grace [beauty], • 强壮、健硕、可 force [strength] 爱的青年啊—— and fascination 充满优雅、活力 [wonder]. 和魅力的青年啊
Life and Career
Born in 1819 on Long Island, New York Poor & Semiliterate(半文盲 的) parents, only 5-6 years formal education, self-educated Worked as office boy, printing worker, school teacher(1836), free-lance writer