广州中医药大学第二临床医学院中医诊断学2018年考博真题试卷

合集下载

历年考博中内试题

2005年一、名解无痰不做眩、调气则后重自除，行血则便脓自愈、治萎独取阳明二、简答1、呕吐、噎膈、呃逆的病机异同2、消渴病机要点3、蠲痹汤的适应证4、胸痹常用的治法有哪些？三、论述1、五种从痰治喘的方剂，证候特点2、论述水肿，四种毒瘀血有关的证候，病机转化及证候学特点3、益气摄血法治血证的几个表现2006年一、词解（15分）培土生金呕吐癫痫狂泻南补北痨瘵二、问答（20分）1、血热妄行、气不摄血有何不同？二者能否同时出现？2、肺、脾、肾气虚有何不同？辨治特点？3、古医籍阐述水肿治法，结合原文说明。

三、简述（20分）某男，50岁，素有高血压史十余年，晨起突然头晕，伴恶呕，继则视一为二，写出中医诊断，简述诊治思路。

（一男，50岁，高血压病史5年。

今晨起床后，感觉头晕，视物旋转，如坐车船，视一为二。

请你作出中医诊断，并对其作出具体诊治。

）1、如何鉴别胸痹、心痛与胃脘痛？（胸痹心痛与胃脘痛的鉴别。

）治湿方法有哪些？代表方剂、主治、证候特点？（治湿有那些方法，并写出代表方剂，及其临床如何应用。

）2、简述中医药对消渴的优势所在四、病案分析女，78岁，慢支40年，肺心病5年。

3天前咳加重，伴发热、心悸、烦躁，初咳白色泡沫痰，易咯出，1天前痰黄粘，不易咯出，喘不能平卧，恶寒，四肢不温，胸膺喘闷，口唇紫绀，四肢浮肿，指之凹陷，不易恢复，继则神识朦胧，昼睡夜烦。

2006年另一个版本一、名词解释（3分/题）呕吐、泻南补北、培土生金、癫狂痫、痨瘵二、简答题（5分/题）1、何谓瘟疫？2、一男，50岁，高血压病史5年。

今晨起床后，感觉头晕，视物旋转，如坐车船，视一为二。

请你作出中医诊断，并对其作出具体诊治。

3、胸痹心痛与胃脘痛的鉴别。

4、血热妄行和气不摄血的机制是什么？二者是否可以并见？三、论述题（10分/题）1、关于水肿的治疗，请你结合古代文献作出论述。

2、治湿有那些方法，并写出代表方剂，及其临床如何应用。

3、结合临床请你谈谈中医药在治疗消渴的优势所在。

广中医二院临床轮训学生考试试卷附答案

第二临床医学院中医专业本科2000-20XX级、七年制99－20XX级、研究生基础知识竞赛试卷（20XX年9月－中基、中诊、中药、方剂、诊基）班级学号姓名成绩一、单项选择题（50题，每题1分）1．在中医学中，最早成功地运用辨证论治的书是：A.《黄帝内经》B.《难经》C.《伤寒杂病论》D.《小儿药证直诀》E.温病条辩》答案：C2.下列著名医家中被后人称为“寒凉派”的代表是：A.朱丹溪B.张从正C.王清任D.叶天士E.刘完素答案：E3．阳损及阴，阴损及阳，说明阴阳之间的关系是：A.阴阳对立制约B.阴阳互根互用C.阴阳互相转化D.阴阳消长平衡E.阴阳的交互感应答案：B4．“壮水之主，以制阳光”是指A.阴病治阳B.阳病治阴C.阴中求阳阳中求阴D.补阴扶阳答案：B5．“见肝之病，知肝传脾”，从五行之间的相互关系看，其所指内容是A.木疏土B.木克土C.木乘土D.土侮木E.木胜土答案：C6．肾不纳气主要是由于：A.肾阳不足B.肾阴不足C.肾的精气不足D.心气不足E.膀胱气化不利答案：C7．水谷精气与自然界的清气相结合关系到：A.元气的生成B.宗气的生成C.营气的生成D.卫气的生成E.中气的生成答案：B8.循行过程中具有离、入、出、合特点的是：A．经别 B.别络 C.经筋 D.皮部 E.十二经脉答案：A9．风性主动，在临床上常见：A.恶寒无汗B.眩晕抽搐C.鼻塞喉痒D.关节曲伸不利E.关节疼痛游走不定答案：B10.见肝之病，先实其脾气，这种治疗属于：A.未病先防B.治病求本C.扶正祛邪D.先安未受邪之地E.急则治其标答案：D11．我国现存最早的舌诊专著是：A.《伤寒舌鉴》B.《舌苔统志》C.《彩图辨舌指南》D.《敖氏伤寒金镜录》答案：D12．戴阳证的面色是：A.面色晦暗B.面红目赤C.面红如妆D.面色潮红答案：C13.从舌象辨虚实，以下哪一项最佳：A.舌苔的厚薄B.舌质的老嫩C.舌质的颜色D.舌苔的颜色答案：B14．漫肿无头，肤色不变，不热少痛者为:A.痈B.疖C.疔D.疽答案：D15．下列除＿＿外，均是舌体短缩的主病：A.寒凝筋脉B.痰浊内阻C.阴亏已极D.气血俱虚答案：C16.巅顶头痛属A.太阳经B.阳明经C.厥阴经D.少阴经答案：C17.腹痛，泻下黄糜而排便不爽为：A.大肠湿热B.肝郁乘脾C.中气不足D.脾肾阳虚答案：A18.脉来举、按均有力为：A.滑脉B.紧脉C.弦脉D.实脉答案：D19. 按虚里除＿＿＿外，均属正常：A.按之应手B.动微不显C.动而不紧D.缓而不急答案：D20.自汗出，易感冒，面色淡白，短气，倦怠乏力，舌淡脉弱，此属：A.风邪束表B.卫气不固C.内伤表虚D.外感表虚答案：C21.属暑邪性质和致病特点的是：A.易生风动血B.性粘滞C.性干涩，易伤津液D.多挟湿答案：D22.下列除＿＿＿外，均是亡阳证的临床表现：A.面色苍白B.汗出而热C.呼吸微弱Ｄ.四肢厥冷答案：B23. 用咸味药治瘰疬、痰火结核、瘿瘤等证，是取其：A. 泻下之功B. 软坚散结之功C. 宣泄之功D. 发散之功E. 补益之功答案：B24.既能发表散风，透疹消疮，炒炭又能止血的药物是：A. 桂枝B. 防风C. 荆芥D. 香薷E. 羌活答案：C25.下列除哪项外均是薄荷的功效？A. 疏散风热B. 疏肝解郁C. 清利头目D. 利咽透疹E. 解毒散肿答案：E26. 既能清肝火，又能散郁结的药物是：A. 栀子B. 桑叶C. 青葙子D. 夏枯草E. 决明子答案：D27. 既能凉血退蒸，又善清肺降火的药物是：A. 白薇B. 知母C. 黄芩D. 芦根E. 地骨皮答案：E28.治诸骨哽咽，最宜用：A. 独活B. 威灵仙C. 白花蛇D. 川乌E. 木瓜答案：B29.既善利水渗湿，又能泄肾与膀胱之热的药物是：A. 猪苓B. 知母C. 黄柏D. 泽泻E. 木通答案：D30. 枳实的功效是:A. 化痰消积, 破气活血B. 化痰消积, 破气除痞C. 化痰消积, 健脾和中D. 降气化痰, 泻下攻积E. 降气化痰, 疏肝理气答案：B31. 功能化瘀止血止痛，为伤科要药的药物是：A. 蒲黄B. 赤芍C. 牡丹皮D. 三七E. 花蕊石答案：D32.功能平肝潜阳、软坚散结、收敛固涩的药物是：A. 鳖甲B. 龟板C. 牡蛎D. 龙骨E. 石决明答案：C33.下列除（）外，均是当归的功效：A. 补血调经B. 活血C. 止痛D. 益精填髓E. 润肠通便答案：D34.既能补血、止血，又能滋阴润燥的佳品是：A. 生地黄B. 熟地黄C. 黄精D. 阿胶E. 桑椹答案：D35.补益剂服药时间宜：A．食后服 B．空腹服 C.食前服 D．临睡服 E．不拘时服答案：B36.具有解表散寒，温肺化饮功用的方剂是：A．小青龙汤 B．麻黄汤 C．麻杏薏甘汤 D.桂枝加芍药汤 E．九味羌活汤答案： A37.体现“逆流挽舟”法的方剂是：A．银翘散 B．麻杏甘石汤 C．败毒散 D．麻黄汤 E．桂枝汤答案： C38．济川煎组成药物中无：A．大黄 B．当归 C．牛膝 D．肉苁蓉 E．泽泻答案：A39．具有温阳健脾，行气利水功用的方是：A.真武汤B.五苓散C.实脾散D.平胃散E.半夏厚朴汤答案：C40．患者初见寒热往来，胸胁苦满，因泻后而成心下痞硬，胀满而不痛，时有呕吐，肠鸣泄泻，舌苔微黄而腻，脉弦。

中医内科学考博论述题

简答题：1.中医诊断的基本原则？①整体审查：诊断疾病时，应重视病人整体的病理联系以及外界环境等对人体病变的影响。

②四诊合参：医生临证时，必须四诊并重，诸法参用，广泛收集病情资料，并综合分析判断。

③病证结合：进行疾病诊断时，将辨病与辩证相结合，全面认识疾病的病理本质。

2.中医诊断基本原理？①司外揣内：外：疾病表现于外的症状或体征，内:脏腑等内在病理本质，医生通过诊察、分析病人外部的异常现象，可测知其体内的病理变化。

②见微知著：微：微小局部的变化，著：明显整体的变化，通过微小的局部的外在变化，可以测知整体的脏腑的内在病情。

③以常达变：常：健康生理的状态，变：异常病理的状态，通过观察比较，在认识正常的基础上，发现太过、不及的异常变化，从而认识事物的性质及变动的程度。

3.何为望诊，包括哪些内容？望诊是医生运用视觉观察病人全身和局部表现、舌象及排出物等，收集病情资料的诊察方法。

包括全身望诊---望神色形态；局部望诊---望头面、五官、颈项、躯体、四肢、二阴、皮肤。

；望舌---望舌体，舌苔；望排出物---望痰涕、呕吐物、大小便；望小儿食指络脉。

4.虚证失神的特征及临床意义？久病精亏、神衰而失神。

临床表现：精神萎靡，反应迟钝，面色晦暗，目光无彩，眼球呆滞，呼吸微弱，或喘促无力，肉消著骨，动作艰难，或郑声神昏等。

临床意义：提示正气大伤，功能衰败。

多见于久病、重病患者，预后不好。

5.假神的特征及临床意义？神志昏迷，或精神微米，突然甚至清楚，精神躁动；目光晦暗，瞳神呆滞，突然目光明亮，浮光外露；面色晦暗无华，突然颧红如妆；不欲言语，语声低微断续，突然言语不休；毫无食欲，或食量减少，突然欲进食或暴食。

提示脏腑精气衰竭，正气将脱，阴不敛阳，虚阳外越，阴阳即将离绝，属于病危。

6.假神与重病好转如何鉴别？假神见于垂危的病人，在治疗无效的前提下，突然出现局部症状的暂时性“好转”，与整体病情恶化不相符。

重病好转是在治疗有效的基础上，从个别症状的改善，逐渐发展为全身的、稳步的好转，与整体状况好转相一致，如食欲渐渐增加，面色渐渐红润。

广州中医药大学成人高等教育一学年第一学期期末考试《中医诊断学》试卷

广州中医药大学成人高等教育一学年第一学期期末考试《中医诊断学》试卷您的姓名： [填空题] *_________________________________学号 [填空题] *_________________________________年级 [填空题] *_________________________________专业 [填空题] *_________________________________一、单项选择题(本题共30小题，每小题1分，共 30 分)1、下列哪一项不属于失神? [单选题] *A、神志昏迷B、撮空理线C、面色晦暗D、颧红如妆(正确答案)E、语言失伦2、面色萎黄，主病是： [单选题] *A、肾阳虚衰B、脾胃气虚(正确答案)C、脾胃湿热D、脾虚湿蕴E、阴虚火旺3、小儿昏睡露睛为： [单选题] *A、肝虚B、肾虚C、肺虚D、脾虚(正确答案)E、心虚4、舌苔黄腻多主： [单选题] *A、风热外侵B、热盛伤津C、寒湿内困D、暑热偏盛E、湿热内蕴(正确答案)5、瘳瘤多见于： [单选题] *A、气滞血瘀B、阳虚阴盛C、肝郁气结痰凝(正确答案)D、感受风火时毒E、脾虚湿盛6、胖人的体质特点是： [单选题] *A、相火易亢B、气胜形C、易聚湿生痰(正确答案)D、中焦有火E、气血亏虚7、神识昏糊，胡言乱语，声高有力的是： [单选题] *A、郑声(正确答案)B、谐语C、独语D、狂言E、短气8、头痛以两侧为主，属： [单选题] *A、阳明经B、太阳经C、少阳经(正确答案)D、太阴经E、厥阴经9、饥不欲食的病机是： [单选题] *A、湿热困脾B、肝气犯胃C、脾虚不运(正确答案)D、胃阴不足E、脾肾阳虚10、下列哪项不属失眠的成因？ [单选题] *A、痰湿困脾B、心肾不交C、心脾两虚D、食滞胃芜(正确答案)E、胆郁痰扰11、脾虚证的口味应该是： [单选题] *A、口苦B、口粘C、口甜D、口咸E、口淡(正确答案)12、口干，但欲漱水而不欲咽多见于： [单选题] *A、阳虚B、寒盛C、湿热D、瘀血(正确答案)E、阴虚13、脉来细急，状如牵绳转索，属： [单选题] *A、弦脉B、紧脉(正确答案)C、革脉D、牢脉E、促脉14、濡脉的特征是： [单选题] *A、脉细如线，应指明显B、脉细如线，时有时无C、沉而细软D、浮而细软(正确答案)E、细而艰难，如轻刀刮竹15、表证最主要的症状是： [单选题] *A、恶寒(正确答案)B、发热C、头身痛D、脉浮数E、鼻塞16、辨别虚实真假，下列哪一项关系不大？ [单选题] *A、舌质老嫩B、语声高低C、发热与否(正确答案)D、体质强弱E、脉象虚实17、五更泄泻是因为： [单选题] *A、脾肾阳虚(正确答案)B、脾胃不和C、肝脾不调D、伤食积滞E、湿热蕴脾18、以下哪项不是湿邪的性质和致病特点? [单选题] *A、粘滞B、重着C、病变缠绵D、性轻扬(正确答案)E、不易速去19、以下哪一项不属血虚证表现？ [单选题] *A、两颧潮红(正确答案)B、头晕目花C、心悸失眠D、手足麻木E、面色淡白20、心血虚证与心阴虚证的共同症状是： [单选题] *A、心烦B、舌淡C、脉细数D、失眠(正确答案)E、盗汗21、下列何证可见咳喘胸闷，痰多黄稠，发热口渴，舌红苔黄，脉滑数？ [单选题] *A、肺气不足B、热邪準肺C、风热犯肺(正确答案)D、上焦病证E、燥邪犯肺22、口苦的主病是： [单选题] *A、脾虚湿阻B、肺虚失宜C、肾虚水泛D、肝胆湿热(正确答案)E、膀胱湿热23、面色淡白，眩晕，月经量少色淡，舌淡，脉弦细无力。

2018年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案

2018 年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一 (Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once, after you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● D Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. On campus B. At he dentist’sC.At the pharmacyD. In the laboratory2. A. Pain B. Weakness C. Fatigue D. Headache3. A. Their weird behavior at school.B. Their superior cleverness over others’.C. Their tendency to have learning difficulty.D. Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.4. A. John will be angry. B. John will be disappointed.C. John will be attracted.D. John will be frightened.5. A. Th ey’re quite normal. B. They’re not available.C. They came unexpected.D. They need further explanation.6. A. He knows so little about Lady GagaB. He has met Lady Gaga before.C. He should have known Lady GagaD. He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.C. In the emergency room.D. On their way to the hospital8. A. Health care B. Health reformC. Health educationD. Health maintenance9. A. Learning to act intuitively.B. Learning to argue academically.C. Learning to be critical of oneself.D. Learning to think critically and reason10. A. She is a pharmacist. B. She is a medical doctor.C. She is a scientist in robotics.D. She is a pharmacologist.11. A. She’s pessimistic about the future.B. She’s pessimistic about the far future.C. She’s optimistic about the far future.D. She’s optimistic about the near future.12. A. Negligence may put a patient in danger.B. Patients must listen to doctors and nurses.C. Qualified doctors and nurses are in bad need.D. Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.13. A. The man works at eh ER.B. The man can do nothing but wait.C. The woman’s condition is critical.D. The woman is a capable paramedic.14. A. A gynecologist. B. A psychologistC. A neurologist.D. A nephrologist.15. A. She has only one friend.B. She isolates herself from others.C. She suffers from a chronic disease.D. She is jobless and can’t find a job.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.DialogueQuestions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue.16. A. Because she couldn’t do other jobs well.B. Because it was her dream since childhood.C. Because she was fed up with all her previous jobs.D. Because two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.17. A. The Self/Nonself Model B. The Danger ModelC. The vaccination theoryD. The immunological theory18. A. Being overactive B. Being mutantC. Being selectiveD. Being resistant19. A. It can help cure most cancers.B. It can help develop new drugs.C. It can help most genetic diseases.D. It can help change the nature of medicine.20. A. We should ignore the resistance.B. We should have the model improved.C. We should have the experiments on animals.D. We should move from animals to human.Passage One21. A. The profits form medical tourism.B.The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.C.The soaring health care costs around the word.D.The steps to take in developing medical tourism22. A. Affordable costs B. Low pace of livingC. Five-star treatmentD. Enjoyable health vacation23. A. It is a$100 billion business already.B. It is growing along with medical tourism.C. Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.D. It offers more medical options than western medicine.24. A. To set up a website for blogging about medical tourism.B. To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.C. To buy and affordable medical insurance.D. To explore online to get well informed.25. A. A travel brochure.B. A lecture on medical tourism.C. A chapter of a medical textbook.D. A webpage promotional material.Passage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.26. A. Song sparrows take good care of their babies.B. Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.C. There are different kind of song sparrows in different seasons.D. Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.27. A. In the warmer spring B. In the hottest summerC. In the coolest autumnD. In the coldest winter28. A. Because they lack the skill and experience to find food.B. Because they have not developed a strong body yet.C. Because they cannot endure the unusual heat.D. Because they cannot find enough food.29. A. They are less sensitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.B. They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.C. They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.D. They are as sensitive to climate change as the juveniles.30. A. Body size B. Migration routeC. Food preferenceD. Population growthPart Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The medical team discussed their shared ____to eliminating this curable disease.A.obedienceB. susceptibilityC. inclinationD. dedication32. Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain, weakness, oremotional_____is to ignore it, to tough it out.A. TurmoilB. rebellionC. temptationD. relaxation33. Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,____communication and indulge in theirown worlds.A. put downB. shut downC. settle downD. break down34. The school board attached great emphasis to____ in students a sense of modesty and a sense ofcommunity.A. dilutingB. inspectingC. instillingD. disillusioning35. Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not______to what we need tobe attending to.A. pertinentB. permanentC. precedentD. prominent36. New studies have found a rather____correlation between the presence of small particles andboth obesity and diabetes.A. collaboratingB. comprehendingC. compromisingD. convincing37. We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.A. intelligenceB. imitationsC. hypothesisD. precautions.38. We must____the problem____, which is why our map combines both brain structure andfunction measurements at large scale and high resolution.A. set...backB. take...overC. pull...inD. break...down39. Asthma patient doesn’t need continuous treatment because his symptoms are rather____thanpersistent.A. intermittentB. precedentC. dominantD. prevalent40. It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.A. conceiveB. concealC. convertD. conform Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. The truly competent physician is the one who sits down, senses the “mystery”of anotherhuman beings, and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.A. imaginableB. capableC. sensibleD. humble42. The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.A. conservedB. theorizedC. realizedD. persisted43. Large community meals might have served to lubricate social connections and alleviatedtensions.A. facilitateB. intimidateC. terminateD. mediate44. Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased exclusively insubjects with active disease.A. definitelyB. trulyC. simplyD. solely45. Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitrofertilization.A. FetusesB. descendantsC. seedsD. orphans46. Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing ourchildren.A. breachB. griefC. threatD. abuse47. A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic stress in a controlledway.A. definitelyB. desperatelyC. intentionallyD. identically48. Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.A. applyingB. relatingC. relayingD. transforming49. Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects, suchas memory loss, fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.A. ensueB. encounterC. impedeD. induce50. A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai, which means having one’s view of the importantovershadowed by the trivial.A. insignificantB. insufficientC. substantialD. unexpectedPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEIET.The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the three-dimensional imaging, improve detection of disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist’s workload, which, 51 , can result in missed positive scans.Researchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented 52 data on a CAD (computer-aided diagnosis) program they’ve designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53 CT scanning. Their study was 54 by the NIH and the university.In the study, CAD was applied to 32 low-dose CT scanning with a total of 50 lung nodules, 38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam. 55 the 38 missed cancers,15 were the result of interpretation error (identifying an image but 56 it as non cancerous) and 23 57 observational error(not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found 32 of the 38 previously missed cancers (84% sensitivity), with false-positive 58 of 1.6 per section.Although CAD improved detection of lung ca ncer, it won’t replace radiologists, said Sgmuel G Armato, PhD, lead author of the study.” The computer is not perfect,”Armato said.” It will miss some cancers and call some things cancer that 59 . The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the computer may 60 something suspicious. It’s a spell-checker of sorts, or a second opinion.51.A. in common B. in turn C. in one D. in all52.A. preliminary B. considerate C. deliberate D. ordinary53.A. being used B. to use C. using D. use54.A. investigated B. originated C. founded D. funded55.A. From B. Amid C. Of D. In56.A. disseminating B. degenerating C. dismissing D. deceiving57.A. were mistaken for B. were attributed to C. result in D. gave away to58.A. mortalities B. incidences C. images D. rates59.A. don’t B. won’t C. aren’t D. wasn’t60.A. stand for B. search for C. account for D. mistake forPart Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes his job today, he says he’s“a translator between two hostile tribes”—the education world and the business world, the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s ar gument in his book “Creating Innovations: The Making of Young People Who Wil l Change the World” is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in themarketplace.”This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation. Now, there is only a high-wage, high-skilled job. Every middle-class job today is being pulled up, out or down faster than ever. That is, it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried made obsolete faster than ever. Which is why the goal of education today, argues Wagner, should not be to make every child “college ready” but “innovation ready”—ready to add value to whatever they do.That is a tall task. I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate. “Today,” he said via e-mail,” because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than acade mic knowledge. As one executive told me, “We can teach new hires the content. And we will have to because it continues to change, but we can’t teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative.”My generation had it easy. We got to “find” a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have to “invent” a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but, given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it.“Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,”Wagner said,” and it is the only country where students leave high school ‘innovation-ready.’ They lea rn concepts and creativity more than facts, and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day, little homework, and almost no testing. There are a growing number of “reinvented”colleges like the Olin College of Engineering, the M.I.T. Media L ab and the “D-school” Stanford where students learn to innovate.”61.In his book, Wagner argues that _____.A.the education world is hostile to our kidsB.the business world is hostile to those seeking jobsC.the business world is too demanding on the education worldD.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands62. What does the “tall task” refer to in the third paragraph?A. Sustaining the middle class.B. Saving high-wage, middle-skilled jobs.C. Shifting from “college ready” in “innovation ready.”D. Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.63. What is mainly expressed in Wagner’s e-mail?A. New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.B. Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.C. Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.D. Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.64. What is implied in the fourth paragraph?A. Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.B. Jobs changed slowly in the autho r’s generation.C. The author’s generation led an easier life than their kids.D. It was easy for the author’s generation to find their first job.65. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. to orient future educationB. to exemplify the necessary shift in educationC. to draw a conclusion about the shift in educationD. to criticize some colleges for their practices in educationPassage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada’s North are important to the country’s future, says Kent Moore, and atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. “Animal behavio r can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years,” says Moore,“Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly.”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies—will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. “The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will_____.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,the international study ____.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.C. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he says, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean bythat quick?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.A. becomes more difficult than ever before.B. is likely to build a novel economy in the region.C. will surely lower the average world temperature.D. needs the research-based supporting information.70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will_____.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do now.B. get more data to be required for their research.C. use more novel technologies in research.D. conduct their research at a regular basis.Passage ThreeSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases, by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers. The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.Genetic medicine, which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic component, the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. For some clinicians, particularly those involved in clinical research, these advances are already a reality.However, a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice, perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic seq uence is no the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.Finally, both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible. Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.71.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.C.Physical examination remains essential in tine tuning a diagnosis.D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.72.What, according to the second paragraph, can be said of genetic medicine?A. It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.B. It has been widely recognized among the physicians.C. It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.D. It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.73. The future of the genomic technologies, for the most part, lies in_____.A. the greater potential of treating rare diseasesB. the greater efforts in the relevant clinical researchC. the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ themD. the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals74. In the last paragraph, the author cautions against_____.A. underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factorsB. unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative powerC. abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseasesD. unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.B. Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice.C. Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.D. Genetic medicine is defined as “stratified” medicine.Passage FourMisconduct is a word that is always on professors’ minds. Incidents in the news tend to describe the most serious violations of scientific standards, such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But these high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely. Much more frequent are forms of misconduct that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.Faculty members don’t need to commit egregious acts such as sexual harass ment or appropriation of students’work to fail in their responsibility to their charges. Being generally negligent as teachers and mentors should also be seen as falling down on the job.What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions to a host of questionable behaviors. In particular, they said that faculty members should avoid neglectful teaching and mentoring. These included routinely being late for classes, frequently skipping appointments with advisees, showing favoritism to some students, ignoring those whose interests diverged from their own, belittling colleagues in front of students, providing little or no feedback on students’ theses or dissertations, and take on more graduate advisees than they could handle.The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach. And these responses suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.To address this systemic issue, we must do a better job of exposing the current and next generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through seminars. For instance, on online modules. The societies of academic disciplines, institutions and individual departments can play a big part here, by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.The most serious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address, but “inadequate teaching”can be subjective. Still, if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow, real patterns of abuse will be easier to find. For instance, these rules could stipulate that professors must return substantive feedback on drafts within 15 days, provide more than just negative feedback during a student’s oral defense of their thesis, or be availa ble regularly to answer questions.To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short, universities should establish teaching-integrity committees, similar to the research-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific misconduct. These could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by following a due process laid out in the faculty manual, or simply by adopting the same process as that of other committees, such as for tenure applications.76.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?A. The misconducts are widely exposed in the news.。

2018年临床医学综合能力(中医)真题.doc

2018临床医学综合能力（中医）真题一、A型题：每一道考题下面都有A、B、C、I）、E 5个备选答案，在答题时靖•选择一个最合适的答案，写在答题纸上1.下列属于金元时期滋阴派观点的是（A）A阳常有余，阴常不足B.阴常有余，阳常不足C.独阳不生，孤阴不长D.阳在外，阴之守也2.阴阳互损体现了什么阴阳关系？（B）A.相互转化B.阴阳互根互用C.消长平衡D.相互制约3.依据疾病的传变规律，肝火犯肺属于（D）A.母病传子B.子病传母A.相乘传变B.相侮传变4.肝主疏池最基本的机能是（C）A.调畅情志B.促进消化C.调畅气机D.疏通经络5.气的推动作用减弱会出现的是（A）A.早衰B.畏寒C.自汗D.出血6.按照子午流注运行规律，上接手少阳经的是（C）A.手少阴经B.足少阴经C.手厥阴经D.足太阴经7.下列选项中，体现风性善行的的是（B）A.眩晕震颤B.痛无定处C.手足抽搐D.角弓反张8.五气过极与六郁气滞均可•化生（D）［单选题］A.痰浊B.湿热C.燥热D.内火9.“见肝之病，知肝传脾，当先实脾〃出白（B）［单选题］A.《内经》B.《难经》C.《中藏经》D.《伤寒论》10.症见表情淡漠，反应迟钝，呼吸微弱者，属于（D）［单选题］A.假神B.神乱C.少神D.失神11.濡脉和弱脉的共同特征是（A）［单选题］A.脉形细脉势软B.脉位沉脉势软C.脉位沉脉形细D.脉形细脉率快12.以下选项中,属于斑秃常见原因的是（D）［193003600］A.气阴两虚B.气血两虚C.血燥化热D.血虚受风13.患者心烦失眠，面红门渴，小便短黄，舌红苔黄，脉数，辨证为（C）［单选题］A.肝阳上亢证B.肝火上炎证C.心火亢盛证D.心阴虚证14.脉弦细数的证是（B）［单选题］A.肝火上炎B.肝肾阴虚C.血虚肝郁D.肝郁气滞15.证见胸闷息促，肋间饱淌，咳唾引痛，苔白滑，脉弦者，应诊断为（B）［单选题］A.痰饮B.悬饮C.溢饮D.支饮16.症见胸中烦热,咽痛口干,腹痛喜暖,大便澹薄,属于（B）［单选题］A.表寒里热B.上热下寒C.其寒假热D.热症转寒17.症见肮腹，腰膝冷痛，五更泄泻，倦怠食少，舌淡嫩，苔白腻，脉弱辨证为（C）［单选题］A.肾阳虚B.脾阳虚C.脾肾阳虚D.肾气不固18.症见高热，大汗，□渴喜冷饮者，宜诊断为（B）［单选题］A.太阳经证B.阳明经证C.阳明腑实证D.少阳热化证19.下列药物中，孕妇宜慎用的是（A）［单选题］A.蝉蜕B.桑叶C.菊花D.蔓荆子20.外用可引起皮肤发红.灼热.起泡.甚至腐烂，故不宜久敷的药物是（C）［单选题］A.硫黄B.白矶C.斑螯D.硼砂21.治疗麻风，疥癣宜选用的药物是：（B）［单选题］A.木瓜B.乌梢蛇CJII乌D.威灵仙22.篇蓄、地肤子的共同功效（D）［单选题］和血止痛理气止痛醒脾开胃燥湿化痰A. 利尿通淋，止泻B. 利尿通淋，止咳C. 利尿通淋，止血D. 利尿通淋，止痒23. 玫瑰花的功效是（A ）［单选题］ A. 疏肝解郁， B. 疏肝解郁， C. 理气和中， D. 理气健脾，24. 内服宜炒去汕，胃弱者慎用的药物是（D ）［单选题］A. 穿山甲B. 自然铜C. 土鳖虫D. 没药25. 下列可用酸枣仁而不能用柏子仁的是（B ）［单选题］A. 润肠通便B. 津伤门渴C. 心神不宁D. 血虚身痛26. 芫花内服入煎剂的剂量（C ）［单选题］A 03-0.5gB 0.5-lgC 1.5-3gD6-9g27. 清热解毒宜生用，止血宜炒炭用的是（B ）［单选题］A. 青黛B. 贯众C. 土茯苓D. 漏芦28. 大黄牡丹汤和桃仁承气汤组成相同的药物上是（D ）［单选题］A. 大黄，丹皮B. 桃仁，丹皮C. 大黄，枳实D. 大黄，桃仁29.葛根.前胡.桔梗同用的方剂（A）［单选题］A.参苏饮B.杏苏散C.败毒散D.柴葛解肌汤30.牛莠解肌汤的功效（C）［单选题］A.疏风清热解毒透诊B.疏散外邪发表解肌C.疏风清热凉血消肿D.疏风散邪，清热解毒31.具有养血安神，清热除烦的方剂（B）［单选题］A.归脾汤B.酸枣仁汤C.珍珠母丸D.天王补心丹32.患者大便秘结，小便清长，头目眩晕，腰膝酸软，舌淡苔白，脉沉退，治宜选用（C）［单选题］A.温脾汤B.肾气丸C.济川煎D.大黄附子汤33.患者大热渴饮，吐岫发斑，四肢抽搐，舌绛唇焦，脉沉数，治用（D）［单选题］A.白虎加人参汤B.犀角地黄汤C.黄连解毒汤D.消瘟败毒饮34.体现风痰并治.标本兼顾的方剂（B）［单选题］A.天麻钩藤饮B.半夏白术天麻汤C.消气化痰丸D.三子养亲汤35.苓桂术甘汤和五苓散中，配伍桂枝的相同点（C）［单选题］A.解肌发表B.平冲降逆C.温阳化气D.温通经脉36应用六味地黄丸治疗阴虚火旺应该加配的药物是（D）［单选题］A.枸杞子，菊花B.五味子，麦冬C.黄连，阿胶D.知母，黄柏37.患者，男，64岁，大量饮酒后出现吞咽梗阻，进食后胸肮满闷，呕吐痰涎，门干咽燥，舌红苔薄腻，脉弦滑，治疗宜选用（C）【单选题］A.疏肝解郁，和胃消痞B.健脾和中，理气化痰C.开郁化痰，润燥降气D.理气和胃，降逆止呕38.患者，女，43岁，胁肋胀痛反复发作，进食油腻食物加重，半年前黄疸，手术后黄疸消退。

历年考博真题

7.RF的临床意义？
8.AS与RA鉴别要点
9.早期胃癌定义、分型
10.门脉高压临床表现？发生机制？
2005年
中医内科
一、名词解释：雷头风、呃逆、寒热往来、疟疾
二、心动悸、脉结代、动态心电图示阵发性室颤，请写出可能出现的中医证型，治方药。可使用哪些抗心率失常的中药。
三、脉痹的临床表现
四、张仲景关于水肿治疗原则是什么，见于何书，结合临床谈谈你的体会
1．胃癌前病变和疾病有哪些？
2．肺心病加重期的治疗
3．脑血管疾病可干预的危险因素有哪些？4．导致全血细胞下降的疾病有哪些？
5.DM肾病分期
6．溃疡性结肠炎的临床分型
7.引起肺栓塞的疾病有哪些？
8.gout的治疗原则。
9.舒张性心力衰竭如何治疗
10.急性胰腺炎的体征有哪些？当跟哪些疾病鉴别
3.久泄之治法，如何健脾、运脾？
4.白塞病之经典论述，相当于？主要方剂
5.三承气汤之方义、应用、区别
6.理虚元鉴提出的治虚劳之本，如何理解
7.瘿病相当于？病变过程中之病机转化？
8.血管性痴呆的病因、病机
9.六郁的证候特征
10.因虚致痛如何理解
西医内科
1.糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA之治则
2.狼疮肾之病理分型，活动性指标
3.周围性眩晕和中枢性眩晕的鉴别
4.慢性房颤的分型和治疗
5.乙肝抗病毒治疗
6.肾综合并急肾衰的原因
7.腰穿之适应证、禁忌症
8.肺心病中肺A高压的形成机制
9.根据红细胞的形态，贫血的病因和发病机理，贫血分类（2种分类）
10.DIC之诊断标准
2008年
中医内科
1.论述“治未病”思想在肿瘤临床的应用。

近5年中医基础理论考博真题

2016—2020年中医基础理论考博真题上海中医药大学中医基础理论2019年考博真题试卷名词解释(5题，每题4分，共20分)1.土爱稼穑2，阴病治阳3.审证求因4.湿性黏滞5.塞因塞用论述题(5题，每题8分，共40 分)1.营气与卫气有何异同，营卫失和的临床表现2.水湿痰饮的区别与联系3.何为十二经脉的表里关系?其特点与其意义如何?4.外燥与内燥的异同5.脾与精，气，血，津液的生理联系湖南中医药大学2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上。

写在试题纸上或其他地方--律不给分。

、名词解释1.肝主疏泄2.肺主治节3.循经取穴4. 内生五邪5.塞因塞用6.阴病治阳7.精血同源8. 心肾不交二、简答题1. 脾胃的关系。

2. 饮的分类。

3. 药邪的形成及致病特点。

4.风邪致病的特点。

5.心主神明与脑主神明的认识。

6. 三焦的认识。

7.脏腑之别。

山东中医药大学中医基础理论2018年考博真题考试科目:中医基础理论注意:所有答案-律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一-律不给分。

论述题: .1.试述心与肾的关系。

2.《内经》中津液的产生与输布。

3.如何理解冲为血海。

4.火热内生的临床表现及致病因素。

5.体质的概念及形成因素。

6.如何理解大实有赢状，至虚有盛候。

7.试述”阴病治阳，阳病治阴”与”阴中求阳，阳中求阴”有何异同?8.试述湿邪致病特点，及与外湿有何异同?9.谈谈对益火补土法的认识及临床中的应用。

山东中医药大学中医基础理论考博真题1.风邪性质和致病特征，为什么说风为百病之长?2.从病机转化角度说明寒证转化为热证的转变形式?3.虚实的病机机制?2018年山东中医药大学博士考试中医基础理论试题1.试述心与肾的关系。