ASTM F963-2011

合集下载

astmf963邻苯要求

astmf963邻苯要求摘要：1.ASTM F963 邻苯要求简介2.邻苯的含义和种类3.ASTM F963 对邻苯的要求4.邻苯对人体的危害5.我国对邻苯的监管政策6.结论正文：1.ASTM F963 邻苯要求简介ASTM F963 是美国材料和试验协会（ASTM）制定的一项标准，主要用于规范儿童玩具和儿童用品中邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalates）的使用。

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类广泛应用于工业和日常生活中的化学物质，具有塑化剂、软化剂等作用。

然而，邻苯二甲酸酯对人体，尤其是儿童，具有一定危害性。

因此，ASTM F963 对邻苯的使用提出了严格的要求。

2.邻苯的含义和种类邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalates）是一类有机化合物，通常缩写为“邻苯”。

它们是邻苯二甲酸（Phthalic acid）的酯化产物，具有不同的酯基结构。

常见的邻苯有：邻苯二甲酸丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸己酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸邻苯二酯（DINP）等。

3.ASTM F963 对邻苯的要求根据ASTM F963 标准，儿童玩具和儿童用品中邻苯二甲酸酯的使用需满足以下要求：- DBP、DEHP 和BBP 的总含量不得超过0.1%；- DINP、DIDP 和DNOP 的总含量不得超过0.1%；- 儿童玩具和儿童用品的表面涂层中，邻苯二甲酸酯的含量不得超过0.01%。

4.邻苯对人体的危害邻苯二甲酸酯在人体内具有一定的生物积累性，对生殖系统、内分泌系统、神经系统等具有潜在危害。

长期接触邻苯二甲酸酯，可能导致生殖系统发育异常、内分泌失调、行为障碍等问题。

儿童处于生长发育阶段，对邻苯二甲酸酯的敏感性和危害程度更高。

5.我国对邻苯的监管政策我国对邻苯二甲酸酯的使用也有严格的规定。

根据《儿童玩具安全技术规范》（GB 6675.1-2014），儿童玩具中DBP、DEHP、BBP、DINP、DIDP 和DNOP 的总含量不得超过0.1%。

此外，我国还对邻苯二甲酸酯的生产、销售和使用环节进行了严格的监管。

ASTM F963-11

玩具安全
常见的与机械物理相关的严重伤害：
• 橡胶球：误吞橡胶球窒息死亡。
TÜ V SÜ D Greater China
Slide 16
10 April 2012
玩具安全
常见的与机械物理相关的严重伤害：
• 三轮车：骑乘三轮车掉进自家游泳池溺水身亡。
TÜ V SÜ D Greater China
Slide 17
Slide 5
10 April 2012
玩具安全
评估玩具安全性—不仅要根据玩具本身的结构特点考虑正常使用情况，还要结合儿童大体的成长特征，考虑儿童对玩具的非正常使用以及滥用。常见非正常使用：把玩具往嘴里塞、咬、甚至吞下去把塑料袋往头上套反装电池 … 常见滥用： Drop 跌落测试 Tip-over倾翻测试 Torque 扭力测试 Tension 拉力测试 Compression 压力测试

TÜ V SÜ D Greater China
Slide 6
10 April 2012
玩具安全
Abuse 滥用 - Drop 跌落测试
年龄 ≤18 months 18m<age≤36m 36m<age≤96m 样板重量＜3磅＜4 磅＜ 10 磅跌落次数 10 次 4 次 4 次跌落高度 4.5 英尺 3 英尺 3 英尺
Slide 19
10 April 2012
玩具安全
常见的与机械物理相关的严重伤害：
• 玩具镙钉/镙栓：由于吞食玩具螺栓而窒息死亡。
TÜ V SÜ D Greater China
Slide 20
10 April 2012
玩具安全
常见的与机械物理相关的严重伤害：

ASTM-F963-11最全的原文培训教程解析

b. 4.3.5.2（1）范围中所列的玩具和玩具部件，根据8.3 中的方法阐述测试得到的可迁移元素量不能超过表1 中所列限值；作为玩具部分的造型粘土，根据8.3 中的方法阐述测试得到的量不能超过表2 中所列限值。注意表2 中限值仅适用于作
为玩具组件的那些材料。另外，也必须注意到如果材料的主要目的是为创造可触摸的艺术品，它可能也要服从16 CFR1500.14 的要求
要
有些国家对有毒物质的规定可能比联邦的更严。
求
4.3.2食品的制造和包装：所有以玩具中的食品，
制造和包装必须符合 21 CFR 110关于制造的环
境卫生，加工，包装的规定.
ASTM F963 2011
4.3.3 间接食品添加剂：玩具中包含得有与食品
接触的部件,如餐具必须要符合FDCA的要求，特
别要符合21 CFR 170 through 189。
术
目的，施加于人体的物品
语
3.1.81玩具：为14岁以下儿童玩耍所设计，制
造，和销售的物品
3.1.22 方法检出限：空白液的三倍标准差
ASTM F963 2011
4.1 材料品质：玩具中用新材料和再生材料制造，
视觉上干净和不受污染，这个评估是用肉眼而
不是用放大镜，如果是使用再生材料，则必须
安
精制到有害物质降低到4.3.1的要求
求
ASTM F963 2011
重金属元素 4.3.5
要求:
安
c：另外，金属玩具或金属部件,如果是小部件,经 8.3.5.5（3）(第8页）测试，可提取的镉含量不能
全
超过200μg要求。通过建立按照8.3.1 所列的总元素
要
含量的筛选方法可以满足上面所有要求。

astm f963产品风险评估记录表

条、图片、客户收货
证明或回执，确认途
中无意外产生。
M 发现有霉变，虫害等，需立即停止是是否是是 CP
销售商，消费者需检
销售，全部检查货品，隔离不良
查货品是否包装完
品，向分销商或厂商反馈相关信息
好，有问题的可以及
L 。发调现查有原包因装，损向坏消或费有者可发疑布物致质歉等，是是否是是 CP
检查交接的文件、图
库滞留时间；2. 确保密封性，外包装良好。3.及时联系客户，运输公 L 司1. ，加要强求最提终供成担品保的放检在查船，舷减以少下在舱仓是是否是是 CP 库滞留时间；2. 确保密封性，外包
片、客户收货证明或回执，确认途中无意外客产户生检。查柜内温湿度记录情况
装良好。3.及时联系运输公司，要
可能性（H）（M）（L） NA
严重性（H）（M）（L） NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
控制/预防措施
不适年龄段使用风险：此产品不
适3岁以下儿童玩耍，需有成人监
护；使用含小物件，窒息风险等
判断过程判断关键限
做此判断
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 结果值 CCP/
的理由或依据
CP
重金属含量、ROHS 、NON-
。 3、操作员及QC必须接受校准
造成外观变异，可能
仪器正确命使用的培训。4、使用
导致客户投诉；2）如
校准合格的仪器进行称量，定期校
利器不慎落入成品箱
准。5、失效的产品批次必须进行
内，可能会导致孩童
隔离处理 6、对所有胶件吹尘清洁
伤害或客户索赔。
。7、胶件使用前检查。
M 1. 加强最终成品的检查，减少在仓是是否是是 CP

ASTM F963-11警告语字体要求

1/32 in.
3/64 in.
7/64 in.
备注：以上说明的高度为字体最小高度。 For example:
2.三角形要求：中间有感叹号的等边三角形，要放在信息词前，三角形的高度等于或者超过信息词“WARNING”字母的高度，且与信息词的间隔距离至少等于信词第一个字母所占用空间。感叹号的高度至少为三角形高度的一半，并垂直位于三角形中心。
3/64in.
1/16 in.
3/32in.
7/64in.
1/8 in.
5/32 in.
1/4 in.
1/2 in.
3/64 in. 1/16 in.
3/32 in. 1/16 in.
3/32 in. 5/64 in.
7/64 in. 3/32 in.
5/32 in 1/4 in. 5/32 in.
ASTM F963-08 警告语字体要求
字体要求： 1. 字母要求：
书写面积 in.2 字体高度信息词（WARNING）字体高度危险说明 (CHOKING HAZARD) 字体高度其他说明 0-2/ 2-5 5-10 10-15 15-30 30-100 100-400 400 以上

美国玩具ASTM F963标准测试项目

ASTM F963标准测试项目ASTM F963标准中关于物理和机械性能的要求主要涉及到：冲击试验、跌落试验、部件移取的拉力试验、压力试验、挠曲试验等等。

2007年版本的对声响玩具测试要求作了修订，同时增加了玩具中使用磁铁的具体规定。

玩具易燃性测试程序按照16CFR 1500.44的要求，对玩具进行水平燃烧，并规定玩具起火后沿主轴线的自行燃烧速度要低于2.5 mm/s 。

ASTM F963的化学测试除了针对油墨、油漆、涂层等的8大重金属测试外，还要根据16CFR 1303的内容对总铅有要求，其限值为600ppm 。

除此之外，还涉及到填充物材料清洁度（Pennsylvania’s Regulation ）、PVC 中增塑剂DEHP 含量（ASTM D3421）等测试。

美国玩具安全测试要求具体见下表：测试类别玩具测试项目规范、标准方法物理和机械性能测试(Physical and mechanical tests) ASTM F963-03可燃性测试 (Flammability tests)ASTM F963-03 4.2US 16 CFR 1500.44 and 16 CFR 1610 化学元素迁移测试(八个元素) (Migration of elements antimony, chromium, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, barium, lead)ASTM F963-03 4.3.5涂层、油漆(总铅)(Paints and Coating materials, Total Lead)US 16 CFR 1303 玩具及儿童产品 (Toys and children’s products基本要求安全测试(如果是电动玩具)(Safety tests, if Battery or Electron operated toys)ASTM F963-03 Clauses 4.25 and8.18填充物洁净测试 (Stuffing cleanliness test) ASTM F963-03 4.3.7陶瓷和陶瓷玩具部件中的铅和镉(Ceramicware and ceramic toy components - Leachable lead and cadmium )ASTM F963-03 4.3.3.2 US FDA Compliance Policy Guide7117.06 (1995), 7117.07 (1995) 其他项目PVC 塑料中的增塑剂DEHP 含量ASTM F963-03 4.3.8ASTM D3421-75 withmodifications美國玩具標準ASTM F963-03(4.3.5) 測試項目1 法規限值溶出鉛 90 mg/kg 溶出銻 60 mg/kg 溶出砷 25 mg/kg 溶出鋇 1000 mg/kg 溶出鎘 75 mg/kg 溶出鉻 60 mg/kg 溶出汞 60 mg/kg 溶出硒 500 mg/kg 總鉛 600 mg/kg。

ASTM F963-2011最新完整版

Designation:F963–08An American National Standard Standard Consumer Safety Speciﬁcation forToy Safety1This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation F963;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this consumer safety speciﬁcation is to establish nationally recognized safety requirements for toys.Although this speciﬁcation will not eliminate the need for the exercise ofparental responsibility in selecting toys appropriate to the age of a child,or parental supervision insituations in which children of various ages may have access to the same toys,its application willminimize accidents in the normal,intended use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the toys coveredby this speciﬁcation.This speciﬁcation was developed originally as a V oluntary Product Standardunder the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards,Department of Commerce,and published in1976(PS72–76).The present revision is intended to update the safety requirements to include thefollowing by reference:published federal mandatory requirements,relevant voluntary standards,certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards,and several technical revisions based onproducer experience with the original standard.1.Scope1.1This speciﬁcation2relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended or after reasonably foreseeable abuse.It does not purport to cover every conceivable hazard of a particular toy.This speciﬁcation does not cover product performance or quality,except as related to safety.Except for the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended,this speciﬁcation has no requirements for those aspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy.Such an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle.The needle is an inherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit,and this hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process.1.2On the other hand,while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its use(for example,falling off onto the sidewalk),the possible hazards associated with its con-struction(sharp edges,exposed mechanisms,etc.)will be minimized by the application of this speciﬁcation.1.3This speciﬁcation covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for use by children under14years of age.Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this speciﬁcation.These limits reﬂect the nature of the hazards and expected mental or physical ability,or both,of a child to cope with the hazards.1.4Articles not covered by this speciﬁcation are as follows: BicyclesTricyclesSling shots and sharp-pointed dartsPlayground equipmentNon-powder gunsKitesHobby and craft items in which theﬁnished item is notprimarily of play valueModel kits in which theﬁnished item is not primarily ofplay valueCrayons,paints,chalks,and other similar art materials inwhich the material itself or theﬁnished item is notprimarily of play value,except that all art materials,whether or not a component of a toy,must comply with LHAMA,in accordance with4.29.1-4.29.3.Toy ChestsSporting goods,camping goods,athletic equipment,mu-sical instruments,and furniture;however,toys that aretheir counterparts are covered.(It is recognized thatthere is often aﬁne line between,for example,a musical instrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart.The intention of the producer or distributor,as well asnormal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse,deter-mines whether the item is a toy counterpart.)1This consumer safety speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.22on Toy Safety.Current edition approved Dec.1,2008.Published February2009.Originallyapproved st previous edition approved in2007as F963–07´1.2Toy Industry Association,Inc.(TIA)sometimes provides its interpretations ofthis speciﬁcation through its counsel as a service to its members and others.TheTIA’s interpretations are not reviewed or approved by ASTM and should be viewedas TIA’s alone.Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.--`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Powered models of aircraft,rockets,boats,and landvehicles;however,toys that are their counterparts arecovered.1.5General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy pack-aging are contained in Annex A1.1.6Information regarding packaging and shipping is con-tained in Annex A2.1.7This consumer safety speciﬁcation includes the follow-ing sections:Title Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3Safety Requirements4Material Quality 4.1 Flammability 4.2 Toxicology 4.3Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4Sound Producing Toys 4.5Small Objects 4.6 Accessible Edges 4.7 Projections 4.8 Accessible Points 4.9Wires or Rods 4.10Nails and Fasteners 4.11 Packaging Film 4.12Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13Cords and Elastics in Toys 4.14Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.15Conﬁned Spaces 4.16 Wheels,Tires,and Axles 4.17Holes,Clearance,and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18 Simulated Protective Devices 4.19Paciﬁers 4.20 Projectile Toys 4.21 Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22Rattles 4.23 Squeeze Toys 4.24Battery-Operated Toys 4.25Toys Intended to be Attached to a Cribor Playpen 4.26Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys 4.27Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.28Art Materials 4.29Toy Gun Marking 4.30 Balloons 4.31Certain Toys with Spherical Ends 4.32Marbles 4.33Balls 4.34 Pompoms 4.35 Hemispheric-Shaped Objects 4.36Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.37 Magnets 4.38Jaw Entrapment in Handles and Steering Wheels 4.39Safety Labeling Requirements5 Instructional Literature6 Producer’s Markings7Test Methods8General8.1Testing for Hazardous Substance Content8.2Method to Dissolve Soluble Matter8.3Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness8.4Normal Use Testing8.5Abuse Testing8.6Impact Tests8.7Torque Tests for Removal of Components8.8Tension Test for Removal of Components8.9 Compression Test8.10Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel andAxle Assembly Removal8.11Flexure Test8.12Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys8.13 Projectiles8.14Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys8.15Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys8.17Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys8.18Tests for Toys which Produce Noise8.19 Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-On Toys8.20 Packaging Film Thickness8.21Test for Loops and Cords8.22Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods8.23Magnet Test Methods8.24Test Methods for Locking Mechanisms orOther Means8.25Identiﬁcation9Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1 Packaging and Shipping Annex A2 Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribsor Playpens Annex A3 Flammability Testing Procedure for Solids and Soft Toys Annex A4 Flammability Testing Procedure for Fabrics Annex A5 Rationale for2007Revisions Annex A6 Rationale for2008Revisions Annex A7 1.8The values statedﬁrst are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion,Section8,of this speciﬁcation:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD642Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-tance of Shipping Containers,Components,and Unit LoadsD880Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping ContainersD1193Speciﬁcation for Reagent WaterD2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer HardnessD3421Practice for Extraction and Determination of Plas-ticizer Mixtures from Vinyl Chloride Plastics4D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health HazardsD5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free FallF404Consumer Safety Speciﬁcation for High ChairsF406Consumer Safety Speciﬁcation for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF834Consumer Safety Speciﬁcation for Toy ChestsF1313Speciﬁcation for V olatile N-Nitrosamine Levels in Rubber Nipples on PaciﬁersF1148Consumer Safety Performance Speciﬁcation for Home Playground Equipment3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Withdrawn.--` , ` , ` ` , ` , , , ` , , ` , ` ` , ` , ` , , ` , ` , ` , -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---2.2ANSI Standards:5C18.1American National Standard for Dry Cells and Batteries—SpeciﬁcationsS1.4Speciﬁcation for Sound Level MetersZ315.1Safety Requirements for Tricycles2.3Federal Standards:615CFR1150Marking of Toys,Look-Alike and Imitation Firearms16CFR1303Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16CFR1500Hazardous Substances Act Regulations,in-cluding the following sections:1500.3(c)(6)(vi)Deﬁnition of“ﬂammable solid”1500.14(b)(8)Labeling of hazardous art materials 1500.18Banned toys and other banned articles intended for use by children1500.19Misbranded toys and other articles intended for use by children1500.44Method for determining extremelyﬂammable and ﬂammable solids1500.47Method for determining the sound pressure level produced by toy caps1500.48Technical requirements for determining a sharp point in toys and other articles intended for use by children under8years of age1500.49Technical requirements for determining a sharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articles intended for use by children under8years of age1500.50-53Test method for simulating use and abuse of toys and other articles intended for use by children 1500.83Exemptions for small packages,minor hazards,and special circumstances1500.85Exemptions from classiﬁcation as banned hazard-ous substances1500.86Exemptions from classiﬁcation as a banned toy or other banned article for use by children16CFR1501Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under3Years of Age which Present Choking,Aspiration,or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts16CFR1505Requirements for Electrically Operated Toys or Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended for Use by Children16CFR1510Requirements for Rattles16CFR1511Requirements for Paciﬁers16CFR1610Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-tiles21CFR110Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing,Processing,Packaging,or Holding Hu-man Food21CFR170-189Food for Human Consumption21CFR700-740Requirements for Speciﬁc Cosmetic Prod-ucts21CFR73,74,81,82Color Additives49CFR173.100,109Deﬁnition of Class C Explosives SS-T-312B Tile,Floor:Asphalt,Rubber,Vinyl,VinylAsbes-tos72.4ISO and IEC Standards:8ISO3746:1995Acoustics—Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound Pressure—Survey Method Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface Overa Reﬂecting PlaneISO7779Acoustics–Measurement of Airborne Noise Emit-ted by Computer and Business EquipmentISO8124–1:2000Safety of Toys,Safety Aspects Related to Mechanical and Physical PropertiesISO11202Acoustics—Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Speciﬁed Positions—Survey Method in situISO11204Acoustics—Noise Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Speciﬁed Positions—Method Requiring Environmental Corrections IEC60086–2Primary Batteries:Physical and Electrical SpeciﬁcationsIEC61672–1Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 1:SpeciﬁcationsIEC61672–2Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 2:Pattern Evaluation Tests2.5Other Standards:EN71-1Safety of toys.Mechanical and physical properties3.Terminology3.1Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:3.1.1A-weighted sound pressure level(L pA)—the sound pressure level obtained by using standardized A-weighting.3.1.2accessible—(part or component)describing any area of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe as described in16CFR 1500.48and16CFR1500.49.(See Fig.1.)N OTE1—Dimensions are provided in Fig.1for two probes correspond-ing to two age ranges of children.3.1.3alkaline battery—a non-rechargeable dry cell battery with an alkaline manganese electrochemistry.3.1.4aquatic toy—an article,whether inﬂatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in shallow water.This does not include bath toys,beach balls,and United States Coast Guard-approved life saving devices.3.1.5art material—any substance marketed or represented by the producer or repackager as suitable for use in any phase of the creation of any work of visual or graphic art of any5Electronic copy available from American National Standards Institute website:;hard copies from Global Engineering Documents,15Inverness Way East,Englewood,CO80112.6Available from U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission website: or ernment Printing Office,Superintendent of Documents; P.O.Box371954,Pittsburgh,PA15250-7954;website:7Available from ernment Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC20401,http:// .8Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1rue de Varembé,Case postale56,CH-1211,Geneva20,Switzerland,http://www.iso.ch. --`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---medium.This deﬁnition includes items that become a compo-nent of the work of art such as paint,canvas,inks,crayons,chalk,solder,brazing rods,ﬂux,paper,clay,stone,thread,cloth,and photographic ﬁlm.It also includes items that are associated closely with the creation of the ﬁnal work of art such as brushes,brush cleaners,solvents,ceramic kilns,silk screens,molds,mold making material,and photographic developing chemicals.3.1.6ball —any spherical,ovoid,or ellipsoidal object that is designed or intended to be thrown,hit,kicked,rolled,dropped,or bounced.The term “ball”includes any spherical,ovoid,or ellipsoidal object that is attached to a toy or article by means of string,elastic cord,or similar tether.The term “ball”also includes any multisided object formed by connecting planes into a generally spherical ovoid,or ellipsoidal shape that is designated or intended to be used as a ball.The term “ball”does not include dice,or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines,mazes,or similar outer containers.A ball is permanently enclosed if,when tested in accordance with 16CFR 1500.53,it is not removed from the outer container.3.1.7battery-operated toy —toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries.3.1.8burr —a roughness that may be found at an edge or joint of a toy or component if the material is not severed or ﬁnished cleanly.3.1.9button cell battery —a battery having a diameter greater than its height.3.1.10C-weighted peak sound pressure level (L Cpeak )—the peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized C-weighting.3.1.11close-to-the-ear toy —a toy that is intended to be used close to the ear,that is,the sound emitting part of such a toy is normally put against the ear of a child (example—toy tele-phones that emit sounds from the earpiece).3.1.12collapse —sudden or unexpected folding of a struc-ture.3.1.13compression spring —spring which essentially re-turns to its initial state after compression.3.1.14continuous sound —any steady-state sound or group of variable sounds greater than one second in duration.3.1.15cord —a length of slender,ﬂexible material including monoﬁlaments,woven and twisted cord,rope,plastic textile tapes,ribbon,and those ﬁbrous materials commonly called string.3.1.16cosmetics —any article intended or likely to be rubbed,sprinkled,or sprayed on,introduced onto,or otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing,beautifying,promot-ing or enhancing attractiveness,or for altering appearance.3.1.17crushing —injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces.3.1.18curled edge —an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than 90°with the base sheet,as shown in Fig.2.3.1.19discharge mechanism —an inanimate system for re-leasing and propelling a projectile.3.1.20driving mechanism —assembly of linked parts or components (for example,gears,belts,winding mechanisms),at least one of which moves,powered by a source (for example,electrical or mechanical means)independent of the child.3.1.21edge,hazardous —an accessible edge that presents an unreasonable risk of injury during the normal use and reason-ably foreseeable abuse of a toy.Metal and glass edges on toys intended for children under the age of eight years are deﬁned as potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp edge test described in 16CFR 1500.49.Edges other than metal andglassFIG.1AccessibilityProbesFIG.2CurledEdge--`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---are deﬁned as potentially hazardous if they are sharp to the touch under casual handling conditions.3.1.22elastic—material that will recover its former size and shape essentially and instantaneously after being elongated at least10%at a testing speed of not less than20in.(510 mm)/min.3.1.23equivalent sound pressure level(L Aeq)—the level of a steady-state sound which,in a stated time period and at a stated location,has the same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.3.1.24explosive action—the sudden release of energy char-acterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material. 3.1.25extension spring—spring which essentially returns to its initial state after tension.3.1.26fastener—mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together(for example,screws,rivets,and staples).3.1.27feathering—the beveling of an edge(or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge)caused during the shearing or cutting of material.3.1.28ﬂash—excess material that escapes between the mat-ing parts of a mold assembly.3.1.29folding mechanism—an assembly of hinged,pivoted, folding,or sliding members that can produce a crushing, scissoring,pinching,or shearing action during operation.3.1.30fuzz—bits ofﬁbrous-type material that can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface.3.1.31hand-held toy—a toy that is intended to be used or operated while being held in the hand.Examples include toytools,small electronic games,stuffed animals,dolls,musical toys,and cap-ﬁring toys.3.1.32hazard—any characteristic of a toy that presents an unreasonable risk of injury or illness during normal use or as a result of reasonably foreseeable abuse.3.1.33hazardous magnet—a magnet which has aﬂux index >50(refer to test method in8.24.1)and which is a small object (refer to4.6and Fig.3).3.1.34hazardous magnet component—any part of a toy that is a small object(refer to4.6and Fig.3)and which contains an attached or imbedded magnet which has aﬂux density>50as determined in accordance with the test method in8.24.1. 3.1.35helical spring—spring in the form of a coil.3.1.36hemmed edge—an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an angle of approximately180°,so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the main sheet,as shown in Fig.4.3.1.37hinge-line clearance—the distance between the sta-tionary portion of a toy and the movable portion along,or adjacent to,a line projected through the axis of rotation,shown as Dimension A in Fig.5.3.1.38impulsive sound—any sound that is characterized bya brief excursion of sound pressure signiﬁcantly exceeding the ambient noise,typically less than one second in duration. 3.1.39lap joint—a joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily attached to it mechanically at all points along the length,as in the examples shown in Fig.6.3.1.40large and bulky toy—toy that has a projected base area of more than400in.2(0.26m2)or a volume of more than 3ft3(0.08m3)calculated without regard to minor appendages. N OTE2—The base area for toys having permanently attached legs is measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.3.1.41latex balloon—any toy or decorative item consisting of a latex bag that is designed to be inﬂated by air or gas.The term does not include inﬂatable children’s toys that are used in aquatic activities such as rafts,water wings,swim rings,or other similar items.3.1.42marble—a sphere made of a hard material,such as glass,agate,marble,or plastic,that is used in various chil-dren’s games,generally as a playing piece or marker.The term “marble”does not include a marble permanently enclosed in a toy or game.A marble is permanently enclosed if,when tested in accordance with16CFR1500.53,it is not removed from the toy or game.3.1.43maximum A-weighted sound pressure level (L AFmax)—the maximum sound pressure level obtained when using standardized A-weighting and fast detector response (time-weighting).3.1.44non-replaceable battery—an electrochemical device that will not require user accessibility or user replacement for the expected life of the product or devices it is intended to power.Such batteries will not be accessible when tested in accordance with the normal use and,where appropriate, reasonably foreseeable abuse tests of8.6through8.10.FIG.3Small PartsCylinderFIG.4HemmedEdge --`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3.1.45normal use —play modes that conform to the instruc-tions accompanying the toy,that have been established by tradition or custom,or that are evident from an examination of the toy.3.1.46packaging —material accompanying the toy when purchased,but having no intended play function.3.1.47peak sound pressure level (L Cpk )—the greatest C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure level within the period of observation.3.1.48pinching —created when two moving or one moving and one ﬁxed surface come together in such a way that they could entrap and compress ﬂesh,usually resulting in a contu-sion or laceration.3.1.49point,hazardous —an accessible point that presents an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use or reasonably foreseeable abuse.Points on toys intended for children under the age of 8years are potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp point test described in 16CFR 1500.48.3.1.50pompom —lengths or strands of ﬁber,yarns,or threads clamped or secured and tied in the center,and brushed up to form a spherical shape.Also included are spherical-shaped attachments made of stuffed material.3.1.51principal display panel —the display panel for a retail package or container,bin,or vending machine that is most likely to be displayed,shown,presented,or examined under normal or customary conditions of display for retail sale.3.1.52projectile —an object propelled by means of a dis-charge mechanism capable of storing and releasing energy under the control of the operator.3.1.53projection,hazardous —a projection that,because of its material or conﬁguration,or both,may present a puncture hazard if a child should fall onto it.Excluded from this deﬁnition are puncture hazards to the eyes or mouth,or both,because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design.3.1.54protective cap or cover —a component that is at-tached to a potentially hazardous edge or projection to reduce the possibility of injury.3.1.55protective tip —a component that is attached to the impacting end of a projectile to minimize injury if it should impact on the body,and also to prevent damage to the projectile upon striking a target,provide a means of attaching the projectile to the target as in the case of suction cups,or prevent damage to inanimate objects.3.1.56rattle —a toy that is clearly designed to emit sound when shaken typically intended for children under 18months.3.1.57reasonably foreseeable abuse —conditions to which a child may subject a toy that are not normal use conditions,such as deliberate disassembly,dropping,or using the toy for a purpose for which it was not intended.Simulated use and abuse tests for toys are given in 16CFR 1500.50,1500.51,1500.52,and 1500.53(excluding the bite test,Paragraph (c),of each section).3.1.58reference box —a hypothetical surface which is the smallest rectangular parallelepiped that encloses the toy with-out regard to minor appendages.3.1.59rigid —any material having a hardness exceeding 70Shore A scale durometer,as measured by the latest revision of Test Method D 2240.3.1.60rolled edge —an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between 90and 120°with the main sheet,as shown in Fig.7.FIG.5Changing Clearance at HingeLineFIG.6Typical LapJoints--`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3.1.61simulated protective equipment —toys designed tomimic products that infer some sort of physical protection to the wearer (for example,protective helmets and visors).3.1.62squeeze toy —a handheld pliable toy,intended for children under the age of 18months,usually incorporating a noise-making feature activated by forcing air through an opening when ﬂexed or squeezed,and which recovers to its original shape when released.3.1.63soft-ﬁlled toy/stuffed toy —toy,clothed or unclothed,with soft body surfaces and ﬁlled with soft materials,allowing compression of the torso readily with the hand.3.1.64splinter —sharp pointed fragment.3.1.65spiral spring —clockwork-type spring.3.1.66steady-state sound (noise)—noise in which there are negligibly small ﬂuctuations of sound pressure level within the period of observation.3.1.67strap —a piece of ﬂexible material in which the width is signiﬁcantly greater than the thickness.3.1.68tabletop,ﬂoor,and crib toy —toys intended to be played with while attached to or resting on a table top,ﬂoor,or crib.Examples of such toys include,but are not limited to,toy vehicles,stacking toys,large and bulky toys,games,and activity toys that attach to crib rails.3.1.69tangle or form a loop —loops that are formed by reasonably foreseeable manipulation of the cord/strap/elastic.Loops that are formed by excessive or intricate manipulations,or both,of the cord/strap/elastic shall be considered as exempt.3.1.70teether —toy designed for oral use and intended primarily for symptomatic relief of teething discomfort.3.1.71tool —screwdriver,coin,or other object which may be used to operate a screw,clip,or similar ﬁxing device.3.1.72toy —any object designed,manufactured,or mar-keted as a plaything for children under 14years of age.3.1.73toy chest ,n —toy boxes that are designed and mar-keted as storage containers for toys.The products subject to the requirements are those with a volume of 1.1ft 3(0.031m 3)or more.3.1.74yo yo elastic tether toy —a toy consisting of an elastic tether that usually contains a loop on one end to wear around the ﬁnger,and a ﬂexible object on the other end intended to be thrown and returned to the hand.4.Safety Requirements4.1Material Quality —Toys may be made from new or reprocessed materials and shall be visually clean and free from infestation.The materials shall be assessed visually by the unaided eye rather than under magniﬁcation.If reprocessed materials are used,they must be reﬁned so that the level of hazardous substances conforms to the requirements of 4.3.1.4.2Flammability —Materials other than textiles (excluding paper)used in toys shall not be ﬂammable,as deﬁned under 16CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi)under the Federal Hazardous Sub-stances Act (FHSA)(see 16CFR 1500).For testing purposes,any textile fabrics used in toys should comply with 16CFR 1610.A test procedure for testing ﬂammability of toys,which is an interpretation of 16CFR 1500.44,is contained in Annex A4.A procedure for testing the ﬂammability of fabrics is contained in Annex A5.4.3Toxicology :4.3.1Hazardous Substances —Toys or materials used in toys shall conform to the FHSA and to the regulations promulgated under that act.Exemptions to this act for certain types of toys are given in 16CFR 1500.85.The regulations deﬁne limits for substances that are toxic,corrosive,an irritant,sensitizer or pressure generating,and radioactive,ﬂammable,and combustible materials.Testing references for hazardous substance content are given in 8.2.It should be noted that speciﬁc states may have hazardous substances regulations that are more restrictive than the Federal regulations.4.3.2Manufacturing and Packaging of Food —All food products supplied with toys shall be manufactured and pack-aged in compliance with 21CFR 110,which is concerned with the sanitation practices for the manufacture,processing,pack-aging,or holding of human food.4.3.3Indirect Food Additives —Toy components intended to be used in contact with food,such as toy cooking utensils,shall conform to the applicable requirements of the Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA),speciﬁcally 21CFR 170through 189.4.3.3.1Toys in Contact with Food —Toys comprising com-ponents intended to be used in contact with food,such as toy cooking utensils and toy tableware shall meet the requirements of 6.7for instructional literature.4.3.3.2Ceramicware,Lead,and Cadmium Contamination —Ceramic toy components intended or likely to hold food,such as a porcelain tea set,shall conform to the applicable requirements of the FDCA,Section 402(a)(2)(c),and FDA Compliance Policy Guides.4.3.4Cosmetics —Cosmetics shall conform to the require-ments of the Federal FDCA as codiﬁed in 21CFR.The regulations applicable to cosmetics are stated in 21CFR 700through 740.The color additive regulations applicable to cosmetics are found in 21CFR 73,74,81,and 82.4.3.4.1In addition,cosmetics intended for use by children under 8years of age shall meet all requirements of this speciﬁcation and the FHSA regulations,notwithstanding the exclusions of 16CFR 1500.81and 1500.3(b)(4)(ii).4.3.4.2The requirements from the Food and Drug Admin-istration (FDA)will therefore be additive to those existing for children’s products.4.3.5Paint and Similar Surface-Coating Materials —Paint and other similar surface-coating materials applied to toys shall comply with the lead content provisions of 16CFR 1303,issued under the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA).4.3.5.1The regulation prohibits the use of paints or similar surface-coating materials that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal [Pb])is in excess of 0.06%(600ppm)of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paintﬁlm.FIG.7RolledEdge--`,`,``,`,,,`,,`,``,`,`,,`,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---。

ASTM F963检测

ASTM F963美国1.ASTM F963《玩具安全》ASTM F963《玩具安全》是美国最重要的一部玩具安全标准，也是在国际上影响非常大的一个玩具安全标准。

该标准是一个自愿非强制性的标准。

虽然它是自愿标准，但在商业实践中，不满足ASTM F963的玩具是无法进人美国市场的。

美国早在1976年出版了玩具安全标准PS72-76。

到了1996年美国根据已出版的国家强制性联邦要求、有关的非强制性标准，涉及潜在危险的一些新要求以及基于制造商使用原标准的经验，对PS72-76进行了修改，出版了ASTM F96-96a标准。

2003年，美国又根据在美销售的玩具回收的一些案例，并吸收了欧洲标准某些条款，如声响条款等，对ASTM F96-96a标准再次进行了修改，改变了ASTM F96-96a的条款顺序，并增加了一些条款，颁布了ASTM F96-3标准。

目前最新版的ASTM F963-07于2007年3月15日颁布。

该标准针对14岁以下各年龄组的儿童使用的玩具而做出技术要求和测试方法。

该标准涉及了公众可能不易认识到的以及玩具在正常使用或合理可预见的滥用后可能遇到的危险。

该标准中仅对玩具产品的安全性能作出规定，但不涉及玩具产品的性能和质量。

除标签要求指出的玩具的功能性危害以及玩具所适合的年龄组之外，该标准对玩具中作为功能作用显示的固有及公认的危险部分也不作要求，如尖端是针的功能所固有。

ASTM F963是根据美国联邦法规的强制性要求而制定，一般说来该标准的内容充分包含了CPSI 16CFR的有关技术要求，制造商能确保产品符合ASTM F963的要求，也就基本满足CPSI 16CFR的有关技术要求。

但为了确保产品符合CPSI 16CF的要求，玩具制造商在确保产品符合ASTM F963要求的同时，也要及时关注CPSI 16CFR的要求及其变化，以确保产品符合美国法律的要求。

ASTM F963的主要技术要求包括机械物理安全、燃烧性能、化学毒性、电安全和微生功安全等。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

• 29.绒毛：从带毛绒表面的玩具上脱落的少量纤维材料 • 30.手持玩具：握于手中使用的玩具 • 31.危险：在正常使用时或由于合理可预见的滥用时产生不合理的伤害或危险的任何玩具特征 • 32.螺旋弹簧：形状如线圈的弹簧 • 33.折叠边缘：临近边的薄边部分向薄片主体方向折叠大约180°并与主体薄片平行而形成的边
• 54.刚性：用D2240方法测量，硬度＞ 70肖氏A级的材料 • 55.卷曲边缘：邻近边的薄边部分能被弯曲成弧形，与底边缘可形成90°和 120°的角 • 56.模拟保护措施：模拟某些保护产品的玩具 • 57.挤压玩具：供18个月以下儿童使用的手握柔软玩具
• 58.软填充玩具：表面柔软并用软性材料填充的玩具 • 59.碎片：带锐利尖点的裂片 • 60.卷簧：发条弹簧 • 61.稳态噪音：可忽略声压级波动的噪音 • 62.桌面，地面和童床玩具：特定玩具 • 63.咬牙器：给出牙期婴儿口部使用的 • 64.工具：起子、硬币或其他物件
• 2 另外，尽管一个坐椅玩具存在与其使用有关的固有危险（如：摔倒在人行道上），但通过采用本标准与其结构有关的可能危险（利边，暴露的机构等）将减少. • 3 本标准包括14岁各年龄组的儿童我觉的要求及测试方法，不同的年龄组反映了不同的危险性质和预期的儿童应付这些危险的智力或体力。
• 4 本标准不包括下列项目.
• 65.玩具：供14岁以下儿童使玩耍的物品 • 66.爆炸行动：因材料的快速膨胀或爆炸而突然释放能量的特性 • 67.危险磁石：磁通系数大于50且小物件的磁铁 • 68.危险磁石部件：包含磁铁的，磁通系数大于50且小物件的磁铁 • 69.最大A加权声压水平（LAFmax）：用标准A加权fast档测得的最大声压
• 13.压簧：压缩后能复原的弹簧 • 14.连续噪音：持续时间超过1秒的声音 • 15.绳索：一根细长的柔软的材料包括单纤维丝，编织和捻搓的绳，粗绳，塑料纺织带，丝带及那些通常被成为线的纤维状材料 • 16.化妆品：用于清洁、美化和改变形象为目的，施加于人体的物品
• 17.挤压伤害：因在两刚性平面间受压而受到的伤害 • 18.卷曲边缘：临近边的薄边部分被卷成弧形并与底边形成小于90°的边 • 19.发射装置：释放并推进一个弹射物的无生命系统 • 20.驱动传动机构：最少有一个部件由非儿童能量来驱动的连接部件
序言（Instroction）
本标准不排除家长在选择适合儿童年龄玩具时应尽的责任，或不同年龄的儿童接触同一种玩具时的监督责任. 它的运用可将其涉及到的玩具在正常使用和合理可预见的滥用时发生的事故降低到最少. 强制性的产品标准.
1.范围(Scope)
1.标准 • 并不意味着能包罗某一特定玩具的所有可能的危险. • 除了与产品的安全有关，本标准不涉及产品的性能和质量. • 对玩具中作为功能作用显示的固定的及公认的危险部分不作要求.
• 5.艺术材料：适合于在制作人和媒介的视觉艺术或图画艺术作品的任何阶段使用的物品.该定义包括艺术品组成部件在内的物品，还包括最终艺术品制作紧密相关的物品. • 6.球：任何可以投掷、击打、踢、滚动、空投和可弹跳的球形物体. • 7.电池玩具：至少有一个功能使用电池
• 8.毛刺：由于材料切割最后加工得不平整而使玩具和零部件的边缘或结合处出现的粗糙部分 • 9.纽扣电池：直径大于高度的电池 • 10.C加权声压水平：用标准C加权方法测得 • 11.近耳玩具：靠近耳朵使用的玩具，通常发声部分靠近儿童的耳朵。如：玩具手机 • 12.倒塌：突然，没有预料到的折叠
• 25.紧固件：将两个或以上部件连接在一起的装置 • 26.斜薄边：材料在剪切和切割的过程中产生的斜薄边（或厚度由中间像一边逐渐减少） • 27.批锋/溢料：在模具盒箱的咬合部位溢出过剩的材料 • 28.折叠机构：由铰链、转轴、折叠或滑动部件组装机构，在使用过程时能产生压、剪、挤或切割动作
• 70.摇铃：为18个月以下孩童设计的、一般通过摇动发生的玩具 • 71.参照盒：一个包裹玩具主体的假设的最小长方体 • 72.带子：一条宽度远大于厚度的柔软的材料 • 73.形成/缠绕圈：通过对绳/带/弹性绳可预见性的操作形成的圈 • 74.玩具箱：设计和标示用于储藏玩具、体积大于1.1立方英尺的玩具盒
4.6 小部件（Small Objects）
适应范围 3岁或以下玩具或部件，但纸、书、布、纱线、绳、书写材料等除外要求 3岁或以下玩具或部件，滥用测试前后，在自身重量下不可穿过1.25in小部件测试仪
要求
• 供成人组装的玩具为组装前含有的小部件时，应有标识5.8
• 口动玩具及按8.13测试时脱落的部件不能为小部件，充气玩具中的小部件在充气或放气时不应脱落 • 供3-6岁儿童使用的玩具含有小部件时要有标识5.11.2
4.3 毒性（Toxicology）
4.4 电/热能（Electrical/Thermal Energy） 120v电路操作的电子，电动玩具要符合16 CFR 1505相关要求
4.5 声响玩具（Sound-Producing Toys）
• 适应范围：被设计为可发声的玩具 • 特例：下列玩具及发声不包括在内：
• 口动玩具，其发声的大小取决于小孩吹吸力的大小 • 击打玩具，挤压玩具，如：鼓、铃，其发声的大小取决于小孩击打动作的大小和力量 • 磁带播放机和CD播放机及类似的电子玩具，其声音的大小取决于磁带、CD媒体上的内容 • 连于外部设备（如：电视，电脑）的玩具，其声音由外部设备决定 • 由耳机或耳塞发声的声音
• 79.青少年产品：设计给孩子们的不用于玩耍的物品。包括：摇篮、婴儿浴盆、推车、折叠桌子、便携床、固定活动中心等 • 80.预留物：铅笔的物料、墨水和类似物 • 81.无论是否着色的其他材料：象木、皮革和其他有其他有气孔，能吸收色素而不形成涂层的材料
• 82.刮：不伤害基材、从基础材料商移去的涂层 • 83.基材：除油漆或类似表面涂层外，玩具中所有可触及的材料 • 84.玩具座位：用于孩子坐着进行娱乐的玩具的座位
2.参考文献（Reference Documents）
ANSI ASTM CPSC ISO&IEC
3.术语（Terminology）
• 1.A加权声压水平：用标准A加权方法测得 • 2.可触型：能被探头颈圈的前部分接触的任何玩具部分 • 3.碱性电池：具碱性锰电化学的不可充电干电池 • 4.水上玩具：无论是否能膨胀，用于承受小孩之重并在浅水中玩耍的玩具. 不包括浴室玩耍玩具，沙滩球以及救生器械.
• 38.大型笨重玩具：投影面积大于400 平方英寸或体积大于3立方英尺 • 39.乳胶气球：任何玩具上带的或是为装饰用的可充气的乳胶袋囊 • 40.弹珠：由坚硬物质作成的球体，比如说玻璃、玛瑙、大理石或塑料 • 41.不可替换电池：的说明进行使用的方式 • 43.包装：没有预定玩耍功能的附随材料 • 44.峰值声压水平：最大的C加权瞬时声压 • 45.压伤：两个相互运动的表面靠近时产生的伤害
• 75.基础材料:涂层依附的材料 • 76.涂层：能被锋利的刀刮下来、依附在基础材料或玩具上的所有涂层材料。包括：油彩、清漆、涂料或其他类似性质的物质 • 77.恒定充气物：由一个或多个鼓风机不断充气保持其形状类的构造物。典型的是软性织物制造、设计用于孩子们蹦、跳、爬、滑等活动的 • 78.检出限：空白液的三倍标准差
• 34.铰链线间隙：玩具的固定部分和沿转轴闲或邻近转轴线的活动部分间的距离 • 35.脉冲噪音：持续时间不超1秒的声音 • 36.摇摇弹性绳玩具：一种弹性绳玩具，其中一端有可以套在手指的圈，另一端的物体，可以从手中弹进和弹出 • 37.搭接：邻近边的薄边接口部分重叠，但不需要所有边都强行连接
ASTM F963-2011
内容
序言 1. 范围 6.使用说明 7.制造商标记
2.参考文献
3.术语 4.安全性要求
8.测试方法
9.识别附录
5.标签要求
序言（Introduction） 1.范围（scope） 2.参考文献（Reference Documents） 3.术语（Terminology）
• 52.保护头：附在弹射物撞击末端上的部件，当弹射物射到人体上时可最大限度地减小伤害，同时也可防止弹射物撞击目标时自身造成伤害，提供使弹射物吸在目标上（如：吸杯）的方法或防止对无生命物体的损伤 • 53.合理的可预见滥用：儿童可能不按正常的使用方法使用玩具的情况：咬、压、扭、拉、摔和抛
• 46.危险尖端：供8岁以下儿童使用的玩具的尖端如果不能通过尖端测试，则被认为是潜在的危险 • 47.丝球：中心被夹住或固定和系住并整理成球形的一段或一束纤维、纱线或线条。也包括由填充材料做成的球形附体。 • 48.弹射物：油使用者控制，能储存和释放能量的弹射机构发射的物体
• 49.主要展示面：指零售包装或容器、箱或自动售货机的展示面，即设计成最主要的展示、显示或呈现给意欲后买的顾客观看或检查的侧面或表面 • 50.危险突起：由于材料或/和结构的原因，儿童跌在上面会造成刺伤的突出物，对眼睛或嘴巴的刺伤不包括在本定义内，这是由于通过产品设计不可能消除对身体这些部位的刺杀 • 51.保护帽或盖：附在的潜在的危险边缘或突出物上或减小伤害的可能性部件
4.7 可接触边缘（Accessible Edge）
适应范围
可接触金属、玻璃、模塑等边缘
要求
• 8岁以下玩具或部件在滥用测试前后不得含有可触及金属或玻璃锐利边缘
• 金属玩具可接触金属边（包括孔和槽）不得为锐利边缘毛刺，这些边可以做成折边、卷边、螺旋边，或通过涂层等保护
要求
• 功能性锐利边缘
• 21.危险边缘：供8岁以下儿童使用的玩具的金属和玻璃边缘如未通过锐边测试，则被定义为危险边缘 • 22.弹性：在以不低于20in/min的测试速度被拉长至少10%后，能立即完全地恢复到原来的尺寸和开始状的材料 • 23.等效声压水平：在指定的时间的指定位置，具有的稳态声音水平 • 24.拉簧：拉伸后能恢复的弹簧