全国2014年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题00838
2014年10月全国自考(语言学概论)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年10月全国自考（语言学概论）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 分析题6. 论述题单项选择题1．根据词内部语素的数量可以把词分成( )A．合成词和单纯词B．单义词和多义词C．单音词和复音词D．音译词和仿译词正确答案：A解析：按照词所包舍的语素数量，可以把由一个语素构成的词叫作单纯词，如蝴蝶；把由两个以上语素构成的词叫作合成词，如吃饭。
2．与兰州话同属一个方言区的是( )A．长沙话B．昆明话C．厦门话D．梅县话正确答案：B解析：兰州话与昆明话同属于汉语北方方言区，长沙话为湘方言区代表方言，厦门话属于闽方言区，广东梅县话为客家方言区代表方言。
3．文字起源于( )A．结绳B．图画C．结珠D．记事实物正确答案：B4．下面各项中包含两个语素的词是( )A．激光B．麦克风C．犹豫D．蜻蜓正确答案：A解析：“犹豫、蜻蜓”是连绵词，“麦克风”是译音词，均是多音节单纯词。
5．“呆账”“托运”属于( )A．科技术语B．行业用语C．成语D．隐语正确答案：B6．下面各项中有歧义的是( )A．牛不吃了B．鸡不吃了C．我不吃了D．饭不吃了正确答案：B解析：B项中，“鸡”既可以是“吃”的施事，也可以是受事。
按前者来理解，意思是“鸡不吃(饲料或者其他东西)了”；按后者来理解，意思是“人不吃鸡了(吃别的)”，存有歧义。
7．索绪尔创立的语言学被称为( )A．对比语言学B．转换生成语言学C．社会语言学D．结构主义语言学正确答案：D8．下面各项中属于惯用语的是( )A．四面楚歌B．世外桃源C．穿小鞋D．瑞雪兆丰年正确答案：C解析：惯用语指表达习惯性比喻含义的固定词组，如背黑锅、戴高帽、穿小鞋等。
AB两项属于成语，D项属于谚语。
9．下面的词中属于古语词的是( )A．过去B．番茄C．囹圄D．苍白10．儿童在语言获得过程中的单词阶段产生了最早的( )A．语音能力B．语义能力C．语法能力D．语用能力正确答案：B解析：在语言获得的单词阶段，儿童慢慢地就可能说出表示抽象意义的词，如“不”和“好”等，这时他们就已经开始用词语来传递思想感情和通过语言来达到某种目的了，从这个意义上来说，幼儿在单词阶段实际上就已经产生了最早的语义能力。
2014年10月全国自考(现代汉语)真题试卷
2014年10月全国自考（现代汉语）真题试卷(总分：92.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.语音的本质属性是 ( )（分数：2.00）A.物理属性B.社会属性√C.生理属性D.心理属性解析：解析：语音以人的发音器官为其不可缺少的生理基础，又同其他声音一样，具有物理的属性，但最根本的是它具有社会的属性。
2.声母发音部位相同的是 ( )（分数：2.00）A.明、停B.姐、需√C.页、日D.吃、刺解析：解析：A项中声母是m和t，分别属于双唇音和舌尖中音；B项中声母是j和x，都属于舌面音；C 项中声母是r属于舌尖后音，显然和y不同；D项中声母是ch和c，分别属于舌尖后音和舌尖前音。
3.韵母相同的是 ( )（分数：2.00）A.该、乖B.回、归√C.吨、君D.真、争解析：解析：A项中“该、乖”的韵母分别是“ai”和“uai”；B项中“回、归”的韵母都是“ui”；C 项中“吨、君”的韵母分别是“an”和“tin”；D项中“真、争”的韵母分别是“en”和“eng”。
4.调值为214的是 ( )（分数：2.00）A.棉B.义C.七D.比√解析：解析：A项“棉”的调值为35，B项“义”的调值为51，C项“七”的调值为55，只有D“比”的调值是214。
5.说话时“一”会变读为阳平的是 ( )（分数：2.00）A.初一B.读一读C.一定√D.一些解析：解析：“一”的本调是阴平，在表序数或词语末尾时读本调，如：初一、万一；在非去声音节前读去声，如：一些、一同；“一”在去声音节前读阳平，如：一定、一样等；在重叠的单音节动词中间读轻声，如：读一读、说一说。
6.在汉字发展史上，标志汉字从具备象形特点演变为具有不象形特点的转折点的是( )（分数：2.00）A.小篆B.隶书√C.楷书D.大篆解析：解析：汉字的形体演变大致可以分为甲骨文、金文、篆书、隶书、楷书、草书、行书。
隶书在汉字发展史上占有重要地位，它是汉字从具备象形特点的古汉字演变为不象形汉字的转折点，在汉字发展史上具有划时代的意义。
【自考复习】【00830-现代语言学】2014年10月全国自考现代语言学考前密卷00830(含答案)
2014年10月全国自考现代语言学考前密卷00830(含答案)一、Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)第1题“I like this shirt very much.” has ____a rguments. ()A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数2分第2题 In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol or form refers to the linguistic elements, i.e.,____. ()A. things and referentB. thought and referenceC. views and ideasD. words and phrases【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数2分第3题 Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the ____ properties of the stream of sounds which aspeaker issues.()A. oralB. mentalC. physicalD. recorded【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第4题 Sense and reference are two related ____ different aspects of meaning.()A. butB. andC. orD. as well as【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分第5题The superordinate term of the group of words “love, anger, happiness, sadness, fear, emotion” is____.()A. fearB. angerC. loveD. emotion【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数2分第6题Proponents of ____learning theory suggested that a child’s verbal behaviour was conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response.()A. biologicalB. naturalistC. behavioristD. nativist【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第7题In the sentence “He put forward a strong argument for it.”the word“strong”and “argument”are in a relation. ( )A. synchronicB. paradigmaticC. syntagmaticD. diachronic【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第8题 As regards the relationship between language and thought, those who hold that thinking and speaking are the same activity are said to be( )A. empiricistsB. behavioristsC. mentalistsD. structuralists【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数2分第9题 Words that are opposite in meaning are( ).A. antonymsB. hyponymsC. synonymsD. homophones【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数2分第10题 When a word is employed as a medium of thinking by means of its conceptualizing system, we say it is used for communication.( )A. intrapersonalB. interpersonalC. individualD. textual【正确答案】 A二、Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change第1题 The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s___ features.【正确答案】 suprasegmental【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第2题 In semantic analysis, p___ is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.【正确答案】 prediction【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第3题Children’s language development starts from the p___cooing and babbling stage.【正确答案】 prelinguistic【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第4题 The preschool years are a c___ period for first language acquisition.【正确答案】 crucial【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第5题 There are occasions when one can think without l___, just as one may speak without thinking.【正确答案】 language【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第6题 Language is p___ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.【正确答案】 productive【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第7题 An a___ is a logical participant in the predication analysis, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.【正确答案】 argument【你的答案】修改分数本题分数1分你的得分第8题 Evidence in support of l___ for language in the left hemisphere comes from researches in dichotic listening test.?【正确答案】 lateralization【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第9题 In a d___ listening test, stimuli heard in the left ear are reported less accurately than those heard in the right ear. This phenomenon is known as the right ear advantage.【正确答案】 dichotic【你的答案】本题分数1分修改分数你的得分第10题 c___ language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.【正确答案】 creole【你的答案】三、Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true orF for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you第1题()The language system provides all specifics of one’s world view.【正确答案】 F(No,it does not.)【你的答案】修改分数本题分数2分你的得分第2题 ()Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes.【正确答案】 F(Free morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.)【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第3题 ()In English and many other languages, the subject usually follows the verb and the direct object usually precedes the verb.【正确答案】 F(The verb follows the subject.)【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第4题 ()The right ear advantage shows that the right ear is more sensitive to signals, both linguistic and non?linguistic, than the left ear.【正确答案】 F(It passes signals to the left hemisphere.)【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第5题 ( ) The angular gyrus is supposed to be crucial for commanding of the syntax system of one’s language.【正确答案】 F (The angular gyrus is not.)?【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第6题 ( ) Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon but not a context dependent behavior.【正确答案】 T【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第7题 ( ) One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of certain words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in collocation.【正确答案】 F (It will not be possible.)?【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第8题 ( ) The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.【正确答案】 T ?【你的答案】本题分数2分修改分数你的得分第9题 ( ) The error analysis approach shows that there are striking similarities in the ways in which different L2 learners acquire a new language.【正确答案】 T?【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第10题 ( ) The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of gender markings only.【正确答案】 F (The most dramatic loss concerns the loss of affixes.)?【你的答案】四、Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% ×10=30%)第1题 subvocal speech【正确答案】 Language and thought may be viewed as independent circles overlappingin some parts, where language and thought are consistent with each other and onenever occurs without the other. When language and thought are identical or closelyparallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech”, and speechas “overt thought”.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第2题 antonymy【正确答案】 The term antonymy is used for oppositeness of meaning between lexical items, such as the meanings between hot and cold, sad and happy.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第3题 blending【正确答案】 Blending is a process of forming a new word by combining parts ofother words. For example, smog—smoke+fog , motel—motor+hotel.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第4题 apocope【正确答案】【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第5题 hapology【正确答案】 Hapology refers to the loss of one of two phonetically similarsyllables in sequence. For example, the Old English word “Engla?land” (the landof Angles) came to be pronounced “England” through the assimilation of “la?la” sounds.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第6题 morphology【正确答案】 Morphology is a branch of grammar that studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. What it studies includesmorphemes, allomorphs, roots, affixes etc.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第7题 epenthesis【正确答案】 In the linguistic change of English, a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis. Below are some examples of English epenthesis. The underlined sounds are epenthesis in modern English. spinle → spindleemty → emptyglimse →glimpsetimer → timber【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第8题 semantic broadening【正确答案】 Semantic broadening refers to the process in which the meaning of a word becomes more general or inclusive than its historically earlier denotation. For example, the older meaning of “aunt” was father’s sister, but its modern referent can also be mother’s sister. The word “holiday” was originally used to mean a day of religious significance because it was a “holy day”. Today its meaning is broadened to refer to any day on which peop le don’t have to work.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第9题 standard language【正确答案】 The standard language is a supposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media, and taught in educational institutions, including school settings where the language is taught as a foreign or second language. For example, the c ommon speech of the Chinese language and King’s English in Britain.【你的答案】本题分数3分你的得分修改分数第10题 componential analysis【正确答案】 Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. This is parallel to the way a phoneme is analyzed into smaller components called distinctive features. Plus and minus signs are used to indicate whether a certain semantic feature is present or absent in the meaning of a word and these feature symbols are usually written in capitalizedletters. Fo r example, the word “man” is analyzed as consisting the semantic features of +HUMAN, +ADULT,+ANIMATE, +MALE. The features of “girl” can be represented as +HUMAN, -ADULT, -MALE. ?【你的答案】五、Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)第1题 What do langue and parole mean respectively?【正确答案】According to F·de Saussure, langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by; it is abstract. Parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; it is concrete.【你的答案】本题分数10分你的得分修改分数第2题 Why is language defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication?【正确答案】 Short as it is, this definition has captured the main features of language. First of all, language is a system, i.e., elements of language are combined according to rules. If language were not constructed according to certain rules, it could not be learned or used consistently. Second, language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a word and the thing we use to write with. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. Third, language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how well developed their writing systems are. All evidence points to the fact that writing systems came into being much later than the spoken forms and thatthey are only attempts to capture sounds and meaning on paper. Fin ally, the term “human” in the definition is meant to specify that language is human specific, i.e. it is very different from the communication systems other forms of life possess, such as bird songs and bee dances.【你的答案】。
全国2014年10月自考00838自考语言与文化试题自考历年真题标准版【高清版】
全国2014年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请琴生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项；1. 答题丽•考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用廉色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2 •毎小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后•再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statementand the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(2Q%)1. "Oil is a natural substance ・ When it is obtained from the oil well and refined into petrol, ifbecomes a cultural product.f，From the above example, we can see that culture is a ______________ phenomenon・A. nationalB. historicalC. socialD. general and abstract2. Eskimo tribes commonly have as many as seven different words for snow while certainAfrican cultures in the equatorial forest of Zaire have no word for snow. Such phenomenon shows that _______________ •A. language is part of cultureB. language is influenced and shaped by cultureC. language is the carrier of cultureD. language has itsinfluence on culture3. _____ meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.A. ConceptualB. ConnotativeC. Affective D, Col locative4. “Cowboy", “Hippie" and ^Continental Co ngress" are words that represent the ____________ aspectsof American culture・浙00838#语言与文化试题第1页〈共6页)A. geographicalB. politicalC. religious D・ historical浙00838存语言与文化试题第2页（共6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第3页（其6页）5. Compare the sentences "Which books have you lent him?护 and "你借给他哪些书?and we find the difference in ______ .A. grammatical morphemesB. subjects and objectsC. parataclic and hypotactic relationD. word order6. People from individualistic cultures tend to _________ • A. mind their own affairsB. be more sociable C ・ be more influe need by the environment D. inquire what others are doing7. In English " _______ "is often used together with the addressee's given name as a vocative ・A. motherB ・ auntC cousin D. mother-in-law8. Which of the following is NOT a common response to a compliment?A. Thank you. I’m glad you like it. (to "How delicious the food is!")B. Thank yo u. So did you. (to “You played very well in the game today.")C. Oh, I wish it could be true, (to “You speak good Chinese.%)D. Oh no, not at all. (to “Whai a beautiful garden you have 广)9. “To keep one’s nose clean” corresponds to __________ .A.保持一身清白B.保持呼吸畅通 C 便某人信服D.涓洗脸部 10. The Chinese equivalent to “make bricks without straw'' is ______________ ・A.白手起家B.费九牛二虎之力做某事C.独立完成某事 D •做无米之炊 11 • The red color is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions in English speakingcountries and in China, which can be seen in the following expressions EXCEPT “ ________ 二A. a red letter dayB ・ waving a red flag C. painting the town red D. the red carpet12. Metaphors occur frequently in daily conversations to show speakers' views on things both in Chineseand in English ・ The following metaphorical expressions show that ideas are people EXCEPT “(2) Will you please show your ticket?(3) Your ticket, please.(4) Would you mind showing your ticket? Please arrange the above statements in polite ness ・A.(I)(2X3)(4)C. (1)(3X2)(4)A.新思想荫绊C. His ideas will live on forever13. ( I ) Your ticket.B. 旧观念复活 D. He breathed new life into that idea an order of increasing degrees of formality andB ・(2)⑴(4)(3)D. (4X3)(2XD浙00838存语言与文化试题第4页（共6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第3页（其6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第5页(共6页〉浙00838存语言与文化试题第8页（共6页）。
全国年高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speakis normally regarded as “disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gove rnment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function only as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything? Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?A.0B.lC.2D.37. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do b etter work with help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language. Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the follow ing is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
00838语言与文化2014年04月历年真题及答案
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效。
试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (1% 20=20%)1. Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?A. Language is arbitrary.B. Language is systematic.C. Language is used for communication.D. Language is used by both human beings and animals.2. Such questions as “How do you think and feel about your family?”, “How do you treat a guest?”and “What is your greatest ambition?”highlight the ______ aspects of culture.A. thematicB. institutionalC. behaviouralD. individual3. ______ is the basic meaning presented by meaningful linguistic units, including words and is often, though notalways, the central factor in linguistic communication.A. Conceptual meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Social meaningD. Affective meaning4. Both “pretty” and “handsome” can mean nice looking, but “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “garden” etc., while “handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”, “man”, “car” etc., because these are the ______ of these two terms.A. collocative meaningB. connotative meaningC. affective meaningD. reflected meaning5. Which of the following is NOT an inflectional morpheme?A. -ingB. -erC. -mentD. -s6. a) What’s the majority’s opinion?大多数人的意见怎样?b)Where’s today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪里?The above two examples indicate that ______.A. cases are represented explicitly in pronouns in ChineseB. formal markers for cases in nouns are required in EnglishC. pronouns are marked explicitly for cases in ChineseD. Chinese pronouns do show formal variation for cases7. In English ______ are more distinctive than given names.A. surnamesB. nicknamesC. pen namesD. pet names8. ______are popular among female English speakers.A. Religious namesB. Plant namesC. Names of knowledgeD. Names of fame9. The phrasal verb “look forward to” means” “ ______”.A. examineB. seekC. expectD. watch10. A captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women is often referred to asA. an Uncle TomB. a Don QuixoteC. an Oliver TwistD. a Don Juan11. “You chicken!” he cried, looking at Tom with contempt. In this sentence, “chicken” is usedmetaphorically to refer to ______.A. tendernessB. domestic fowlC. cowardsD. tamed animals12. Which of the following statements metaphorically tells us that life is a gambling game?A. I’ll take my chance.B. I’ve had a full life.C. His life contained a lot of sorrow.D. Their marriage is on its last legs.13. If Professor John Smith allows himself to be called John, ______.A. he might not be respected by his colleaguesB. he must be more respected by his colleaguesC. he might be kept a distance away from his colleaguesD. he might enjoy a harmonious relationship with his colleagues14. To sound modest and humble, one might have to use ______ to refer to oneself, one’s relatives, and one’s personalbelongings.A. honourificsB. terms of humilityC. euphemismsD. taboos15. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components arelinked through the use of ______.A. verbsB. nounsC. conjunctionsD. prepositions16. “Up you go, chaps!” The speaking style of the above sentence is______.A. formalB. consultativeC. casualD. intimate17. Chinese advertising as a whole is more ______ than English advertising.A. informativeB. formalC. persuasiveD. interesting18. In legal documents learned words are used frequently. A great many of them are from ______.A. FrenchB. Indian languagesC. LatinD. German19. In English culture, what does it mean if a girl smiles to a male stranger when coming across him in a universitycampus?A. She loves him.B. She is an immoral girl.C. She is friendly.D. She mistakes him for her acquaintance.20. Which of the following can be classified into the secondary territory, which is usually not central to the daily activities of the owner and not under their exclusive control?A. One’s own room.B. Your seat in the classroom.C. Supermarket.D. Theatre seats.II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. There are more than one correct answer. (1% 10=10 %)21. Which of the following statements are the interpretation of culture in its narrow sense?A. Materials man has got to satisfy his needs.B. Social institutions and organizations man has established.C. Language and other communication systems.D. Customs, habits and behavioural patterns.22. Which of the following can be brought together under the heading associative meaning?A. Social meaning.B. Affective meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.D. Collocative meaning.23. In the English sentence “We are students”, all the three words are in plural forms, demonstrating grammatical______ of the English language as regards the number, a grammatical category.A. implicitnessB. explicitnessC. consistencyD. instability24. In English ______ are flower names.A. AngelaB. LauraC. ViolaD. Brenda25. Which of the following idioms are in relation to mannerisms?A. To ride one’s high horse.B. No man is an island.C. A marriage of convenience.D. To keep a straight face.26. According to Lakoff, an American linguist, similes and metaphors are ways of thinking. They are used in______.A. unusual occasionsB. literary worksC. everyday speechesD. body language27. In which of the following situations does a Chinese use honourifics to show respect to a superior?A. When he is talking with a superior.B. When he is writing to a superior.C. When the superior he refers to is present.D. When the superior he refers to is absent.28. If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion, they are connected by ______ means.A. grammaticalB. systematicC. lexicalD. meaningful29. American English differs from British English mainly in ______.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. grammarD. sentence structure30. Many cultures allow people to interact at a much closer distance and are therefore referred to as contact cultures, which include______.A. AsiansB. Latin AmericansC. Southern EuropeansD. Arabs非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
语言与文化 自考 试题
狂憎矮己锯悠体豹吝汕新舆鳞喀啄丰姑椽嚎联熬寡师鳃铬张踪窑追闷透畸拇独萨熏挂啃绰澳吧药码腾莽础眩捐惫兹院全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is no rmally regarded as “disabled”. This fact shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gove rnment official.“Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. I n which sentence does “it” function only as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything? Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?A.0B.lC.2D.37. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better work with help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets. A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossi ng one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language. Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in Engl ish culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondaryIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. The thinking in which images are particularly attended to is called _____ thinking, which the Chinese people are particularly good at.32. The Thames is a _____ in Britain.33. The derivational morpheme in word “teacher” is_____.34. Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, uncle, or more familiar terms like mom, dad, and aunty are termed as standard _____.35. The English equivalent for “坐失良机” is “to miss the _____”.36. In English _____ is often used metaphorically to mean gloomy or dismal.37. Terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s _____.38. Induction means the drawing of a general _____ from a number of known facts.39. ____ in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.40. Of the five categories of gestures _____ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41. What are the properties of culture?42. Bot h “pretty” and “handsome” mean nice looking. But “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “flower”, etc. “Handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”，“man”,“car”, etc. In what meaning are these two words different?43. Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.44. How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?V. Translation. (18%)45. He is not a man to act rashly.46. She is in a family way.47. your father(用敬语翻译)48．您先请进。
2014年10月全国自考语言与文化考前密卷0838(含答案)
2014年10月全国自考语言与文化考前密卷0838(含答案)一、Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statem第1题 English advertising is more than Chinese advertising.A. formalB. persuasiveC. colloquialD. colourful【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第2题 The nonverbal messages that are consistent with the accompanying verbal message, but add to or strengthen or clarify the meaning of the verbal message serve the function.A. complementingB. repeatingC. substitutionD. accenting【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第3题 The following words are neutral in meaning in English EXCEPT .A. capitalistB. self?made manC. landlordD. free love【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第4题“” refers to such meaning representing devices as facial expressions, gestures, etc.A. KinesicsB. Verbal communicationC. Oral languageD. Hearing【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第5题 The following words are pejorative in meaning in English EXCEPT .A. .do?gooderB. .propagandaC. peasantD. egalitarianism【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第6题“” means “to cause one to feel fear, loathing, aversion, nervous, anxiety”.A. To make on e’s flesh creepB. To make a faceC. Not to bat an eyelidD. To be all thumbs【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第7题 A is an implied comparison between two or more unlike thingsA. metaphorB. simileC. tabooD. honourific【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第8题 The following words are pejorative in meaning in English EXCEPT .A. loverB. do?gooderC. comradeD. peasant【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第9题The allusion “” means “to begin an activity, discussion, etc.”.A. to kick offB. to knock outC. to hit and runD. to carry the ball【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第10题“We produce new ideas at an astonishing rate.”Here “ideas” is referred to as .A. plantsB. productsC. moneyD. fashions【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第11题 In both English and Chinese excreta and the acts of human excretion are in polite conversation.A. usefulB. taboosC. properD. honourifics【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第12题 .If sentences in a text are linked by , we say that they exhibit coherence.A. connectivesB. grammatical meansC. lexical meansD. meaning alone【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第13题“”means “grimace in order to show dislike, disgust, impudent defiance, or in order to amuse, anger, or frighten”.A. To make a cat laughB. To make one’s flesh creepC. To make a faceD. Not to bat an eyelid【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第14题The idiom “” means “to be haughty, arrogant, proud”.A. to ride one’s high horseB. to hold one’s head highC. to have a chip on one’s shoulderD. to put one’s foot in one’s mouth【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第15题 is a symbol of respectful reception.A. The red capB. The red carpetC. The red letterD. The red tape【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第16题 The al lusion “” means “to fail early or at the very beginning of an attempt”.A. to hit and runB. to throw me a curve ballC. not even to get the first baseD. to carry the ball【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第17题 refers to a white skinned prostitute.A. A white slaveB. A white nightC. The white featherD. A white hope【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第18题In most English speaking countries “intellectuals” would include .A. college professorsB. college studentsC. .primary school teachersD. middle school teachers【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第19题The allusion “” means “to ask me unexpected questions”.A. to hit and runB. to kick offC. to carry the ballD. to throw me a curve ball【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第20题“私立学校” is called in American English while in British English.A. grade school, council schoolB. council school, grade schoolC. public school, private schoolD. private school, public school【正确答案】 D二、Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement.There might第1题 Culture in its narrow sense is also called .A. large C cultureB. anthropological cultureC. small c cultureD. academic culture【正确答案】 BC【你的答案】本题分数1分第2题 Janet Merrill Hobart is your colleague who is married.You can call her .A. JanetB. MerrillC. HobartD. Mrs Hobart【正确答案】 AD【你的答案】本题分数1分第3题 The U.K.is more past?oriented than .A. ChinaB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. the U.S.A.【正确答案】 BCD【你的答案】本题分数1分第4题The most common English apologies are “”.A. Thank you ever so much.B. Excuse me.C. I beg your pardon.D. I’m sorry.【正确答案】 BCD【你的答案】本题分数1分第5题 To avoid sounding like a sexist, is used to refer to the whole human race.A. humankindB. manC. the human raceD. mankind【正确答案】 AC【你的答案】本题分数1分第6题 Euphemisms in English for lavatory include .A. washroomB. restroomC. bedroomD. comfort station【正确答案】 ABD【你的答案】本题分数1分第7题The Chinese expressions “清白无辜” and “清清白白做人” are explicitly associated with .A. purityB. ChristianC. .innocenceD. anger【正确答案】 AC【你的答案】本题分数1分第8题 The important political parties in Great Britain are .A. Labour PartyB. Republican PartyC. Conservative PartyD. Democratic Party【正确答案】 AC【你的答案】本题分数1分第9题The most common English apologies are “”.A. I’m sorry.B. Excuse me.C. Many thanks.D. I beg your pardon.【正确答案】 ABD【你的答案】本题分数1分第10题The idiom “keep one’s nose clean” roughly corresponds to “” in Chinese.A. 保持鼻子干净B. 保持一身清白C. 继续努力学习D. 别惹是生非【正确答案】 BD三、Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)第1题 How would you explain the statement that language is systematic?【正确答案】 Language is rule governed.Elements in it are arranged according to certain rules.People have to speak a language according to its rules. 【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第2题From what language is the word “Santa Claus” borrowed?【正确答案】“Santa Claus” is borrowed from Dutch.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第3题What does the euphemism “to go west” mean and how is it derived?【正确答案】.“To go west” means “to die” and is derived from the sunsinking in the west.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第4题What does the euphemistic expression “to be expecting” mean?【正确答案】The euphemistic expression “to be expecting” means “to be pregnant”.What does the euphemistic expression “to be expecting” mean?【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第5题 What is the English equ ivalent for “请您先走”?【正确答案】The English equivalent for “请您先走” is “After you”.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第6题What does the expression “a blue fit” mean?【正确答案】“A blue fit” means extreme annoyance, alarm orirritation.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第7题 How are language items connected hypotactically at or above the sentential level?【正确答案】 At the sentential level language items (the components of asentence)are connected hypotactically through the use of conjunctions orparatactically in meaning through juxtaposition, punctuation and intonation.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第8题How would you translate “愁眉苦脸的” into English?【正确答案】“愁眉苦脸的” can be translated into “black browed”.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第9题What does “a Solomon” allude to?【正确答案】It alludes to “a very wise man”.It is derived from Soloman whowas king of Hebrews and known for his wisdom.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第10题 What types of sentences are often used in English newspaper reporting?【正确答案】 Most of the sentences used in news reports are long and declarative sentences. 【你的答案】四、Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)第1题 What does the expression “a white Christmas” refer to?【正确答案】 It refers to snow at Christmas time.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第2题 What are the most frequently used titles in English vocatives【正确答案】 They are：Mr.(for adult males), Mrs.(for married women), Miss.(for unmarried women), Ms.(for women whose marital status is unknown).【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第3题What is the relected meaning of the word “greenhouse”?【正确答案】 English speakers emphasize its function：keeping plants green, while the Chinese people views it from its physical characteristic：warmer than other buildings.【你的答案】本题分数2分你的得分修改分数第4题What are the major factors affecting people’s choice of styles?【正确答案】The style one chooses for one’s speech depends on a number o f factors including one’s interlocutors with whom one talks, the topic about which one talks and the setting or environment in which one talks.【你的答案】五、Translation.(18%)A： Translate the following into Chinese.第1题 We will not attack unless we are attacked.【正确答案】人不犯我，我不犯人。