初中英语学科知识及教学能力必背资料
教资初中英语科三《英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章考点总结
教资•初中英语•科三《英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章考点总结●非谓语V.●不定式●to do●分词●现在分词●doing●过去分词●done●动名词●基本用法●做主语●可以用it做形式主语It is no use saying that again and again. (动名词saying, it做形式主语)●Painting is his hobby.(Painting做主语)●做表语●My favorite sport is swimming.●作定语表示所修饰词的用途或性能●Don't forget to bring the sleeping bags.(动名词sleeping作为定语，修饰bags。
)●固定搭配后面+doing●consider考虑●suggest, advice建议●look forward to期待●excuse, pardon抱歉●admit承认●delay, put off迟到●fancy想要，喜欢●avoid避免●Can't help情不自禁●mind介意●allow, permit允许●escape逃跑，逃避●动名词的复合结构名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词+动名词（one's doing）●介意我开窗。
Mind my opening。
(主要强调人“我”)●Her being late made boss angry(复合形式, 在动词made前做主语)●时态语态●●独立主格有两个句子，且两个句子的主语不是指同一个。
●句子中已经有完整的谓语时●there being+名词/代词表示“有”●There being nothing else to do, they went home.●it being+名词/代词表示“是”●It being a holidaym, all the shops were shut.●名词/代词+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前没有修饰词●A young lady came over, dictionary in hand.●with/without+宾语+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前有修饰词●A young lady came over, with a dictionary in her hand.。
《英语学科知识与教学能力》(初级中学)
《英语学科知识与教学能力》（初级中学）一、考试目标1.英语学科知识与能力具有扎实的英语语言基础知识和语言能力；具备从事初中英语教学所需要的英语语言能力；能理解有关英语国家的语言、历史和文化等相关知识。
2.英语学科教学知识与能力掌握外语教学基本理论、英语教学专业知识与国家英语课程标准内容等学科教学知识，并能用以指导初中英语教学。
3.英语学科教学设计能力能够根据英语学科特点，针对初中学生的认知特点、语言水平和学习需要选择并设计合理的教学内容，形成完整合理的教学方案。
4.英语学科教学实施能力理解初中英语课堂教学实施的基本原则和方法，具备实施语言课堂教学的基本能力；能够根据教学设计，结合教学实际情况，采用恰当的教学手段，引导学生进行有效学习。
5.英语学科教学评价知识与能力了解初中英语课堂教学评价的基本知识和方法，能够对学生的语言学习进行恰当的评价；了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的课堂教学实践进行反思，提出改进的思路。
二、考试模块内容与要求（一）语言知识与能力1.掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2.具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3.能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
（二）语言教学知识与能力1.了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。
2.理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011 年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。
3.掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
4.掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。
5.能结合中外社会文化语境，设计并实施英语知识和技能的教学与训练。
初中英语教学大纲中要求掌握的各类单词
初中英语教学大纲中要求掌握的各类单词
1.基础词汇：包括常见的名词、形容词、动词和副词等。
要求学生掌握常见的单词，能够理解和使用这些单词进行基本的对话和表达。
2.专业词汇：根据教材所涉及的主题或学科，要求学生掌握一些专业词汇，比如科学、地理、历史等方面的词汇，以便学生能够理解和阅读相关的教材和文章。
3.词组和固定搭配：要求学生掌握一些常见的词组和固定搭配，比如动词短语、形容词短语和副词短语等，以提高学生的语言表达能力。
4.同义词和反义词：要求学生学会辨析同义词和反义词，提高学生的词汇量，扩大学生的词汇视野。
5.各类词汇拓展：要求学生通过学习词根、词缀和派生词等，拓展词汇量，提高学生的词汇掌握能力。
总的来说，初中英语教学大纲要求学生掌握各类单词，注重学生的词汇量和词汇掌握能力的提高，以便学生能够更好地理解和使用英语进行交流和表达。
2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —What did Mr. Black do in the middle of the night? —Well，I’m not sure, but he was often heard→ ←.A. singing the same songB. to sing the same songC. sing a same songD. to be playing same song2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There was one shop in the town of Mufulira, which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter, a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting, but when their turn came to be served, were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in.I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand, he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employer when speaking to his servants.I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English, "Even though you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you."I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out, for he was one of the old schools; however, I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore, all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did, and I well remember him saying tothe manager, "Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and you treat him like a common servant. "The manager of the drugstore apologized and said, "If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service. "I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store? I want to prove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African?→ ←A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.B. Because he thought, being an important person, he should not be kept waiting.C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher gets an incorrect answer from students, it is most appropriate for him or her to say"_____"in order to encourage them.A. No, I don't like your answers.B. Nonsense, it is not what I want!C. Your answer is far beyond the point.D. You missed the point, but I'm glad you mentioned another point.4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. The passage suggests that mobile office is necessary, especially when→ ←.A. you need to make some urgent modifications on your workB. you need to read and reply faxes and e-mailsC. you are out of the office to attend meetingsD. you can put the mobile office into your pocket6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?_______A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —What about→ ←supper that we had in that restaurant last week?—Well,→ ←most worst one indeed.A. /; theB. /;aC. the ; theD. the; a8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents isthat→←.A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in every day lifeB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester?_→←A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C. The public like traditional glass bottles.D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The mode of operation in passing laws in the U. S. Congress has many____but there is no attempt being made to improve it.A. optionsB. solutionsC. advantagesD. drawbacks11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Sam h as been appointed→ ←manager of the engineering department to take→ ←place of George.A. /;/B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the overall goal of English teaching in basic education stage?→ ←A. Increase students' vocabulary and grammar of the knowledge.B. Improve the students' English learning and foreign cultural interesting.C. Cultivate the students' ability of listening and spoken English.D. Cultivate students' comprehensive capability of language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The notice has been told everyone→ ←a party will be held in the open air tomorrow.A. whetherB. whenC. whereD. that14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The classroom teaching environment consists of classroom environment and→ ←.A. social environmentB. communication environmentC. practice environmentD. game environment15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-listening activity?______A. Writing a similar text.B. Discussing a relevant picture.C. Writing questions about the topic.D. Associating vocabulary with the topic.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatryat the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the wors t kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nag s her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honor what is unique and best in each other.The underlined word "undone" in Paragraph 7 suggests that_____.A. what you said reversed what you meantB. what you said was not what you meantC. what you said meant nothing to your partnerD. what you said failed to touch the heart of your partner17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is believed that the feeding patterns parents→ ←on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.A. compelB. imposeC. evokeD. necessitate18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?—→ ←, does it?A. It takes no timeB. It counts for nothingC. It doesn’t hurt to askD. It doesn’t make sense19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he / she aims at developing students, ( ).A. discourse awarenessB. cultural awarenessC. strategic competenceD. linguistic competence20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Excuse me. Could you tell me→ ←?—Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from gardenshops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference fromthe leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen,it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should be done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ionsin the air can have an ill effect on peopled physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generallythere is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharavare blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air, many people experience un- pleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earth- quakes snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee fromtheir burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling ofwell-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountainswith tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not onlydean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims andare skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up theirown minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. Some scientists believe that→ ←.A. watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB. the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC. neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD. earthquake is destructive23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following best describes first language acquisition?→ ←A. Care-taker talkB. Minimal pair practiceC. Selected inputD. Timely error correction24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.A. Form-orientedB. Product-orientedC. Content-orientedD. Process-oriented25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When he first arrived in China，he wondered what the future might have→ ←for him. But now all his worries are gone.A. in timeB. in needC. in preparationD. in store26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is reported that some scientists in the United States have found a new→ ←for Cancer.A. wayB. answerC. approachD. cure27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If you don't go to the cinema weekend,→ ←.A. nor do IB. nor will IC. so do ID. so will I28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00分)Passage OneDonnas’ fourth grade classroom looked typically traditional. Yet something seemed different that day when I entered it for the first time. My job was to make classroom visits and encourage implementing a training program focusing on language arts, ideas that would empower students to feel good about them and take charge of their lives. Donna was one of the volunteer teachers in this project.I sat in the back and watched. All the students were working on the task, filling their notebook paper with thoughts and ideas. A student next to me was filling her page with "I can’t kick the soccer ball." I can’t do long division with more than three numerals." He r page was half full and she showed no signs of letting up. I walked down the row glancing at students papers. Everyone was writing down things they couldnt do.By this time the activity engaged my curiosity. I decided to check with the teacher to see what was going on but I noticed she too was busy writing "I cant get Johns mother to come for a teacher conference." "I cant get my daughter to put gas in the car," "I cant..."Curious and puzzled about what they were doing, I returned to my seat and continued my observations.Students wrote for another ten minutes. They were then instructed to fold the papers in half and bring them to the front. They placed their "I Can’t”statements into all empty shoe boxes. Then Donna added hers. She put the lid on the box, tucked it under her arm and headed out the door and down the hail.Students followed her. I followed the students. Half way down the hall way, Donna entered the custodians room, came out with a shovel, and marched the students out to the farthest comer of the playground. There they began to dig. They were going to bury their "I Cant’s"The digging took over then minutes with dirt. Students stood around the freshly dug grave. At this point Donna announced, "Boys and girls, please join hands and bow your heads." They quickly formed a circle around the grave.They lowered their heads and waited. Donna delivered the eulogy. "Friends, we gathered here today to honor the memory of I Cant. While he was with us on earth, he touched the lives of everyone, some more than others. We have provided I Cant with a final resting place and a headstone that contains his epitaph. He is survived by his brothers and sisters, I Cant, I Will, and Im going to right away. They are not as well known as their famous relative and are certainly not as strong and powerful. Perhaps some day, with your help, they will make an even bigger mark on the world. May I Cant rest in peace and may everyone present pick up their lives and move forward in his absence."According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Donna was a volunteer teacher of the training program.B. The author knew what was going to happen when he / she entered the classroom.C. Donnas5 fourth grade classroom appeared to be traditional, resembling many others the author had seen in the past.D. Everyone, regardless of gender, age, and occupation, may encounter many "I can t" in life.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With thedevelopment of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phonewith data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.In the eyes of the author, mobile office→ ←.A. has some fatal shortcomingsB. is too expensive to affordC. would be realized in the futureD. has both advantages and disadvantages30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Tom’ s school was on the other side of the road, so he wastold to watch out cars when______the street.A. crossingB. crossC. crossedD. to cross31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In writing,→ ←will give students the opportunityto select from the list those useful ideas to be included in their writing and also to seehow these ideas can be put together in a coherent or logical way to present a convincing argumentA. brainstormingB. mappingC. outliningD. editing32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of consonants differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][z][3][θ]B. [t][z][?][e]C. [s][v][3][p]D. [p][d][z][S]33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You'd better go to bed. There isn't anything on TV worth→ ←up for.A. gettingB. stayingC. risingD. waiting34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers.Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf. It stood outside a furniture shop. "Buy it," she said at once, "we’ll carry it home on the roof- rack(车顶架). I've always wanted one like that." What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied。
(完整版)初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点
(完整版)初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点一、学科知识重点1. 英语词汇：学生需要掌握常用单词、短语和固定搭配，建议使用词汇图表和词汇卡片进行记忆和巩固。
2. 语法知识：学生需要掌握基本的句型结构、时态、语态和复合句的使用方法。
教师可以通过练、讲解和示范句子使用来帮助学生掌握。
3. 阅读理解：培养学生阅读理解能力是英语学科的重要目标。
学生需要通过阅读各种类型的文本，进行细节、推理和主旨等层次的理解。
4. 听力理解：学生需要通过听取英语材料来提高听力理解能力。
教师可以利用录音和多媒体设备进行听力训练，让学生熟悉各种不同的语音和语速。
5. 口语交际：学生需要进行日常生活及情景对话练，提高口语表达能力。
教师可以设计各种情境对话，让学生进行真实的口语交流。
二、教学能力重点1. 教学方法：教师应根据学生的不同特点和学科知识的复杂性，采用灵活多样的教学方法，例如讲授、练、小组合作等，以促进学生的积极参与和主动研究。
2. 课堂管理：教师需要具备良好的课堂管理能力，包括制定并执行课堂纪律、组织合作研究活动、关注学生的情感需求等，以创设积极、和谐的研究氛围。
3. 评价与反馈：教师需要及时进行学生研究情况的评价，并给予具体的反馈和指导。
评价方式可以包括口头反馈、书面评价和小组评价等，以帮助学生改进研究效果。
4. 激发学生的研究兴趣：教师应鼓励学生通过多样化的研究任务和活动来培养研究兴趣，例如利用游戏、音乐和影视资源等，激发学生的主动研究意愿。
5. 积极引导学生自主研究：教师应培养学生的研究能力和自主研究能力，例如教授研究方法、培养学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力，从而使学生能够独立进行研究和思考。
以上是初中英语学科知识与教学能力的主要重点。
教师应尽力帮助学生掌握学科知识，培养学生的学习能力和自主学习能力，以便学生能够在学科学习中取得更好的成绩。
希望本文档能对教师们在教学实践中有所帮助。
教资初中英语《学科知识与教学能力》考点总结
教资•初中英语•《学科知识与教学能力》考点总结●听力教学●模式●自下而上的听力教学模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●强调语言知识对听力的影响●安排适当听力技能的训练，及词汇、语法知识的讲解听力理解前●自上而下的听力教学模式top-down model （宏观→ 微观）●侧重背景知识的作用●交互式的听力教学模式interactive model （自下而上 & 自上而下的结合）●克服语言、文化障碍听力教学的理想模式●过程（PWP）⭕注重听中●听前环节pre-listening●准备环节激发学习动机，激活已有图式（schema)，帮助学生做好提前准备●活动●介绍相关背景知识●教授生词或重难点句型●学生预测听力材料内容●呈现图片、播放影像，提出开放性问题，引导讨论相关话题●听中环节while-listening●关键环节主要目标：培养信息理解能力、训练听力技能●活动●培养辨音能力的活动discrinination●辨别语音、重弱读、意群●选择听到的单词、句子●根据录音排列单词、句子、图片等●培养交际信息辨别能力的活动identify communication signals●识别对话中的新信息指标语、例证指示语、话题中止语、话题转换指示语等●培养大意理解能力的活动listen for the gist ( 宏观角度 )●理解对话或独白的主题、意图、大意●听录音，判断听前预测是否正确●培养细节理解能力的活动listen for specific information ( 微观角度 )●获取具体信息●培养推理判断和预测能力的活动infer and predict●根据语气、对话内容，推断说话人的意图、态度、说话人之间的关系、预测下文●推测个别表达的作用、代词的指代内容、说话人的身份和态度、对话发生的时间和地点、接下来的情节●培养词义猜测能力的活动guess word meaning●猜测听力材料中出现的陌生表达方式含义●培养记笔记能力的活动take notes●根据听力材料的类型、要求，用简单的符号、数字、有代表性的字母记录所听信息●注意●精听careful listening●通过听材料，把材料内容感知一遍，加深学生对材料细节内容的理解●泛听extensive listening●初步听材料并回答问题，初步了解文章的主旨大意和基本内容●听后环节post-listening●作用：巩固与深化加工重组型信息，加深理解●活动●重要的生词和语法作解释和扩展帮助巩固和拓展所学知识●针对听力材料多角度提问●跟读听力、复述听力材料内容、讨论相关话题●编创对话、角色扮演，培养合作意识●培养想象力、书面表达能力●培养批判思维●评价对话或语篇中事件或说话人的做法●体会对话或语篇背后隐含的意义●策略●培养学生良好的语感●培养语音感觉●培养语意感觉●培养对语言感情色彩的感觉●培养学生良好的听力习惯●听前环节浏览信息●边听边记录，边听边记忆●遇到无法听懂的词句，继续听下去●营造轻松的听力氛围●缓解压力，增强信心●口语教学●内容●语言形式language form●语言内容language content●（交际）功能functions●（文化与交际）策略strategies●原则●平衡流利性与准确性●口语要流利、准确流利：语言顺畅、意义完整表达准确：语音形式正确使用●模仿性口语●及时纠错●交际性口语●允许错误的发生，尽量不打断学生的思路●情境化原则●针对不同教学内容，创设贴近学生生活经历的话语情境●真实性、可操作性，培养跨文化交际的意识和能力●激励性原则●尽可能多的为学生开口说英语创造机会●克服紧张、害怕出错的心理，及时加以肯定和鼓励，及时表扬●信息沟原则●信息沟（information gap)：不同人掌握信息方面存在的差距也叫信息不对称●由于这种差距，人们才有了交际活动●调查survey●讨论discussion●采访interview●发展口语策略原则●加强口语策略的讲解和训练●策略：引出话题、维持交谈、转移与终止话题、引起注意、表示倾听和理解、插话、回避、转码、释义、澄清、求助●听说结合原则●增加语言知识类的语言输入●积累话题的素材●活动多样化原则●兴趣、主动性、参与性●过程( PWP )●说前环节pre-speaking●首要任务：让学生明确口语活动的话题●活动●头脑风暴、阅读材料减少学生的表达障碍●播放语口语活动相关的听力材料了解话题，积累语言素材●说中环节while-speaking●任务注意●学生：在规定的时间内完成口语活动●教师：巡场●活动：要有梯度（简单→ 难）●活动●控制性和机械性活动controlled or mechanical activities●扩展句子expand sentences●朗读read aloud●模仿imitate●复述retell●听写dictate●翻译translate●背诵recite●半控制性或半机械性活动semi-controlled or semi-mechanical activities●情景对话situational conversation●图片描述describe pictures●开放性和创造性活动open or creative activities●涉及信息相互传递，围绕某一话题/问题，以结对/ 小组合作的方式开展●活动●采访interview●调查survey●自由交谈free talk●猜谜游戏guessing game●小组讨论group discussion●角色扮演role-play●辩论debate●即兴演讲impromptu speech●说后环节post-speaking●安排展示和评价活动，帮助学生纠正错误●阅读教学●模式●自上而下的模式top-down m model （宏观→ 微观）●重视背景知识导入，运用自己的知识对文章的下文进行预测●优点●着眼于从整体上把握文章，培养学生的速度能力●缺点●不利于积累和掌握基础语言知识●自下而上的模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●对材料的理解：从比较小的语言文字单位到比较大的单位●过程：“刺激-反应-强化”阅读，是各项基本的阅读能力的培养和强化●优点●更注重细节●缺点●不利于阅读速度的提升●不能从更高的角度理解文章的深层含义●交互补偿的模式interactive compensatory model●是以上两种模式的结合●过程（ PWP ）⭕注重读中●读前环节pre- reading●激发阅读动机，激活背景知识，减少阅读障碍，做好阅读准备●活动●呈现图片、视频、标题、谜语，预测阅读材料的主题、语境/ 主要内容●教授重点单词、短语、句型●呈现标题、图片、播放视频，介绍阅读材料的背景知识●提出开放性问题●读中环节while-reading●阅读为主，帮助理解阅读材料，训练阅读技能●活动●判断预测是否正确，总结文章大意或段意，给阅读材料拟定标题●找到事实性问题的答案，判断正误，提取信息，完成表格，补全句子，将材料中的事件进行排序●读后环节post-reading●开展评价性和应用性活动，巩固和拓展知识●活动●学生评估自己阅读过程中的表现●根据一定的线索（如：思维导图）复述材料内容，加深阅读材料的理解和记忆●角色扮演●采访活动，调查活动，讨论活动●教师指导学生进行写作，提升书面表达能力●学生对故事类语篇进行简单的续编●制作展板/ 海报，培养创作和动手能力●基本技能●略读/ 跳读skimming●尽可能快的速度，有选择的阅读，跳过某些细节，只抓住文章大意●可着重关注起始段和结尾段、段落的主题句、与主题句相关的信息、标题、架构●寻读/ 查读scanning●通过快速阅读，在文字资料中查询特定的细节信息，带有明确的目的性●利用关键词、小标题、图片、表格等快速定位●猜测词义word-guessing●扩大词汇量的有效方法●利用上下文、同义词、反义词、构词法●预测predicting●借助标题、图片等信息，对文章题材、题材、结构脉络、内容等进行预测文章体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文题材：经济、政治、历史、文化、科普●推理inferring●透过表面意思，领悟言外之意、语气、态度●识别指代关系recognizing the reference●分析、判断、整体阅读、归纳和总结●策略●泛读与精读相结合●阅读与说、写相结合●阅读是一种语言输入，最终应转化为语言输出●激发学生阅读兴趣●阅读材料：趣味性●阅读任务：多样性、丰富性●不同文体侧重不同要点●布置不同的阅读任务●写作教学●模式●重结果product-oriented approach●注重写作成品●重过程process-oriented approach●写作内容与写作过程并重●重内容content-oriented approach●强调写作内容的丰富性主张通过不同渠道收集素材，丰富写作内容●过程( PWP ) ⭕注重写前●写前环节pre-writing●激发写作动机，帮助积累素材，明确写作思路和文章结构（格式），为初稿写作做准备（语言形式、语言结构，词、句型）●活动●头脑风暴brainstorming●讨论或调查discussion/ survey●分析范文analyzing the sample article●绘制思路图/ 思维导图drawing a mind map●用途●可以帮助学生记录并整理思路●学生：组织学习内容，整理知识框架，提升学习效率●教师：制定教学计划，整理教学设计，展示教学内容，提升教学效率●注意事项●相关性●灵活性●适度性●写提纲drawing up an outline●写中环节while-writing●要求：注意检查单词，拼写标点，句子表达，文章结构，时间，内容，主题●写后环节post-writing●对初稿进行推敲、润色、修改、评析、分享●活动●自改与互改self-editing and peer-editing●修订revising●对文章进行修改完善●分享和评价sharing and evaluating●邀请几名学生分享自己的文章，并给予评价●形式●控制性写作controlled writing （重复、机械、练习）●抄写copying●填空blank-filling●完成句子completion●句型转换transformation●造句making sentences●指导性写作guided writing （限制）●段落写作●摘要性写作●基于调查问卷的写作●表达性写作expressive writing （开放性）●随意写作●学生可以随意写他们想写的任何事情●叙述和描述细节●语言水平高的学生，可以根据他们所熟悉的主题写一些小文章●原则●模仿性与应用性相结合●重过程与重结果相结合●写作与听说、阅读有机结合●学习性写作和交际性写作相结合。
初中英语学科专业知识及学科教学常识
1. 语法知识与应用语法知识是英语学习的重要组成部分，初中生在学习过程中需掌握并灵活运用各类语法知识。
包括但不限于：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等知识点。
通过掌握这些知识，学生能够准确地运用语法规则，提高写作和口语表达的能力。
2. 阅读理解和写作技巧阅读理解是初中英语学习的重点，也是提高语言能力的关键。
在阅读理解中，学生需要通过理解文章的主题、推理作者观点、理解词语和句子的具体意义等来进行文章的分析和理解。
写作技巧方面，学生需要掌握各类写作形式，如记叙文、议论文、说明文等，并学会运用各类句式和词汇来扩展写作的表达能力。
3. 听力训练与口语表达听力训练能够帮助学生提高对英语语音、语调和语速的理解。
通过听力训练，学生能够提高听力水平，在日常交流和听取课堂讲解时能够更加准确地听懂英语表达。
同时，口语表达是英语学习中不可忽视的一部分。
初中阶段，学生需要通过各种口语练习来提高自己的口语表达能力，培养流利自然的口语表达习惯。
4. 词汇积累与拓展在学习英语的过程中，词汇是非常重要的一部分。
学生需要通过积累并记忆大量的词汇来提高自己的英语水平。
同时，在词汇学习中，学生也需要了解词汇搭配和用法，以及如何运用词汇来进行准确的表达和理解。
5. 学科教学常识学科教学常识是指教师应该具备的一些教学基本素养。
包括但不限于：教学目标的确定、教学方法的选择、教学资源的利用、教学评价的方式等。
教师通过掌握学科教学常识，能够更好地指导学生学习，提高学生的学习效果和成绩。
总结：初中英语学科专业知识及学科教学常识是初中英语学习中不可或缺的一部分。
通过掌握语法知识、阅读理解和写作技巧、听力训练与口语表达、词汇积累与拓展以及学科教学常识，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，并在学习过程中获得更好的成绩。
同时，教师在教学中也需具备学科教学常识，以更好地指导学生学习。
人教版初中英语知识点
人教版初中英语知识点
人教版初中英语是中国人民教育出版社出版的初中英语教材，目前已经出版了七个年
级的教材。
以下是人教版初中英语的一些知识点：
1. 词汇
- 初中英语的词汇主要包括基础词汇、固定搭配和常用短语等。
- 学生需要掌握词汇的拼写、读音和词义。
2. 语法
- 人教版初中英语注重语法的学习和运用，主要包括句子结构、时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气等。
3. 听力
- 初中英语的听力训练旨在提高学生的听力理解能力，尤其是对于日常对话和简单的文章。
- 学生需要学会听懂并回答一些简单问题，并能理解并执行听到的指令。
4. 口语
- 初中英语的口语训练主要围绕日常交流、问答和表达意见展开。
- 学生需要学会用简单的语言进行交流，并能流畅地表达自己的意思。
5. 阅读
- 初中英语的阅读训练注重学生对文章的理解和分析能力。
- 学生需要学会提取关键信息、理解文章的主题和主旨，并能回答相关问题。
这些只是人教版初中英语的一些基本知识点，实际内容还包括课文学习、写作、听写、口语练习等。
如需更详细的信息，建议参考具体的教材资料。
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英语学科知识及教学能力高级中学
1.place of articulation 发音部位
2.pull in火车进站 pull down拆毁，毁坏 pull off做成某事
3.Displacement 语言的移位性
4.Emphatic 着重的，加强语气的
5.Metalanguage 元语言
6.3P模式-presentation呈现
-practice操练-production 输出 7.Inductive 归纳
法 deductive 演绎法 8.Skim略读
-get the gist of the passage
Scan 寻读 extensive reading泛读 intensive reading精读 9.Facilitator 促进
者 assessor 评估者 controller控制者 participant参与者promper鼓励者，鼓舞者
10.CRT不管别人程度如何，确定自己是否达到既定目标(目标参照性评价)NRT考生个人在团体中的相对位置作为评价标准(常模参照模型)
11.Gregarious 爱交际的，合群的 12.Substitution drill替换练习 (用于语法教学)
13.TPR全身反应法主要对初学者应用比较多
14.PWP(pre-reading，
while-reading，post-reading)
15.Broke down情绪失控(痛苦起来) 16.My pleasure我很荣幸 with pleasure没关
系 you're welcome 不客气 17.Rote-learning 死记硬背
18.top-down model自上而下模式 Bottom-up自下而上模式
19.Cohesive devices衔接手段 20.Discourse awareness 语篇意
识
21.Connotation 内涵，隐含意义 22.Collocation搭配能力 23.Mapping思路图
24.定冠词the在辅音前读[ðə],如：the floor,the table; the放在在元音前（即一般前面用an的词的首字母）之前发[ði:],如：
the old man,the engineer. 25.Out of the blue突然的，出乎意料的
26.Noam Chomsky 乔姆斯基的一个著名理论LAD语言习得机制 27.Belligerent 好争吵的 Beneficent 仁慈的 28.Obstinate 固执的obstructive 妨碍的
Obedient 服从的Obsessive 着迷的，迷恋的
29.Lexical rules词汇规则
30.Formative assessment 形成性评价方式
终结性评价方式summative assessment
31.Gradable antonym 等级反义关系good-bad
Complementary antonym互补反义关系boy-girl
Converse antonym反向反义关系buy-sell,above-below
32.Nonperishable 不易坏的
33.On the market上市，出售中 34.Hyponymy上，下义关系 Homonymy同音/形异义
35.Objectionable 令人不快的，令人反感的，讨厌的
36.Inflection屈折变化37.Reflective teaching:反思型教学:
Mapping描绘 informing明了contesting质疑appraisal评估acting行动 38.Liaison连读
39.Beneath one's dignity损害尊严，有失身份
40.A coordinate sentence 并列句
41.Polysemy一词多义
42.Task-based-Language-teaching 任务型教学模式 TBLT
Autonomous learning自主学习 Contextualized learning情景化学习
43.make a bid for 出价买，企图获得
44.Mislay把...放错地方
45.基础教育阶段英语教学的总体目标是培养学生综合运用语言的能力。
46.avoidance 迂回策略 47.Acquisition 习得
48.Aptitude test能力倾向测验 Proficiency test水平测试 Diagnostic test诊断性测验 49.Grant that 假定，即使 50.Democratic mode民主模式
1.情景法:又称视听法，创造性地提出了视觉与听觉相结合，以整体结构感知的教学法体系。
特点：语言和情景相结合，视觉感知和听觉感知相结合，整体结构感知。
优点:激发学生学习兴趣，有利于理解和记忆，有助于养成准确地语音和语调以及遣词造句的习惯。
缺点：过于强调视觉直观的作用，忽略母语的中介作用，不利于学生理解和运用外语，忽视交际能力的培养。
2.认知法
特点:以学习者为中心，教师的作用是激发学生的学习动机和兴趣。
注重发展学习者的语言能力。
注重理解。
优点:培养学生的创造性思维，有利于加强对学生总体的素质教育，有利于调动学生学习的积极性，提高学生使用外语的准确度和得体性。
缺点:实际教学并不可行，未强调培养学生的交际能力。
3.任务型教学法
与传统练习的区别1.任务具有目的性2.任务具有交际性或互动性3.任务具有开放性4.任务通常会产生非语言性结果。
4.教学原则
真实性，功能，连贯性，可操作性，实用性，趣味性 6个原则。
5.语法教学方法
演绎法:直接讲解语法规则并举例说明，让学生进行替换练习，句子练习。
易于理解，依赖性强，注重形式而非使用，处于被动学习状态。
归纳法:让学生接触含有语法规则的语境，根据上下文信息归纳出语法规则。
激发学生的参与，深化学生对用法的理解，有助于学生分析能力和注意力的培养。
学生必须主动学习否则难以巩固。
6.口语教学方法 1.3P模式
呈现:通过解释举例示范等向学生介绍新的语篇或语法项目。
练习:老师为学生提供各种机会，使学生运用所学知识和技能开展活动。
产出:为学生提供新的语境，给学生创造机会，运用语言进行交际。
2.TBLT模式
任务型教学任务，采用交际会话的方式，使学生通过完成一定的交际任务来达到提高口语交际的能力。
任务前，任务中，任务后 7.写作教学原则
.
1.模仿性与应用性相结合原则。
2.重过程与重结果相结合。
3.写作与听说，阅读有机结合。
4.学习性写作和交际性写作相结合。
8.提问的作用
1.增进学生对教学的参与。
2.启发学生思维活动。
3.获得教与学的反馈信息。
4.提示学习重点。
5.提高交际能力。
.。