Computer science is an art as well as a science
2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语上册同步精品讲义Unit 4 Writing
The clothing store is the best in town_________________it has__________________________________clothes.
3.人们最喜欢去Runfa超市购物因为它的服务最好。
People like shopping in Runfa Supermarket_________________because it has___________________________________________________.
4.在镇上，行知书店拥有最便宜的书。
Xingzhi Bookstore has___________________________________________________in town.
17. boring_____________________________________
18. serious_____________________________________
二、句子积累
根据汉语意思完成或翻译句子。
1.我的家乡是最受欢迎的城镇。
My hometown is___________________________________________________town.
Last week, there was a great school12(才能) show in Cinema City. In the talent show, Eliza was a13(获胜者). She won the14(奖) for the best p15. She could play the guitar upside down. The prize for the loudest performer went to the math teachers. They sang the16(最漂亮地).
计算机专业英语单词和例句
计算机专业英语单词和例句英文回答：Computer science is a field that encompasses the study of computers and computational systems. It involves the design and development of software and hardware, as well as the analysis and application of algorithms and data structures. In this field, we use various programming languages to write code and create software applications that can perform specific tasks.For example, one important programming language used in computer science is Java. Java is a high-level programming language that is known for its platform independence, which means that Java programs can run on different operating systems without the need for recompilation. This makes it a popular choice for developing cross-platform applications.Another commonly used programming language in computer science is Python. Python is known for its simplicity andreadability, making it a great language for beginners. It is widely used in areas such as data analysis, artificial intelligence, and web development. For instance, Python can be used to analyze large datasets and extract meaningful insights from them.In addition to programming languages, computer science also involves the study of algorithms and data structures. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, while a data structure is a way of organizing and storing data. These concepts are fundamental to computer science and are used in various applications. For instance, a sorting algorithm can be used to arrange a list of numbers in ascending or descending order.Furthermore, computer science encompasses various subfields, such as artificial intelligence, computer graphics, and network security. Artificial intelligence focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as speech recognition and image classification. Computer graphics involves the creation and manipulation of visualcontent, such as 3D models and animations. Network security deals with protecting computer networks from unauthorized access and threats.In conclusion, computer science is a vast and ever-evolving field that involves the study of computers, programming languages, algorithms, and data structures. It has numerous applications in various industries and plays a crucial role in advancing technology.中文回答：计算机科学是一个涵盖了计算机和计算系统研究的领域。
高一英语大学专业名称单选题30题
高一英语大学专业名称单选题30题1. Which of the following is the correct spelling of the major "Economics"?A. EconomiksB. EconomicesC. EconomicsD. Economis答案：C。
A 选项“Economiks”拼写错误；B 选项“Economices”也是错误的拼写；D 选项“Economis”同样不正确。
“Economics”是“经济学”这个专业的正确拼写。
2. The major of "Computer Science" is spelled as:A. Computor ScienceB. Computer ScinceC. Computer ScienceD. Computre Science答案：C。
A 选项“Computor Science”中“Computor”拼写错误；B 选项“Computer Scince”中“Scince”错误；D 选项“Computre Science”中“Computre”错误。
“Computer Science”是“计算机科学”的正确拼写。
3. Which is the right spelling of "Biology"?A. BiolagyB. BiollogyC. BiologyD. Bioligie答案：C。
A 选项“Biolagy”、B 选项“Biollogy”和D 选项“Bioligie”均为错误拼写，“Biology”是“生物学”的正确拼写。
4. The correct spelling of "Chemistry" is:A. ChemestryB. ChemestrieC. ChemistryD. Chemmistry答案：C。
A 选项“Chemestry”、B 选项“Chemestrie”和 D 选项“Chemmistry”都是错误的，“Chemistry”是“化学”的正确写法。
电子信息工程专业专业英语三千字翻译
Unit3 computer architecture and microprocessors3--1 Computer Architecture1) Computer architecture , in computer science , is a general term referring to the structure of all or part of computer system . The term also covers the design of system software , such as the operating system (the program that controls the computer) , as well as referring to the combination of hardware and basic software that links the machines on a computer network . Computer architecture refers to an entire structure and to the details needed to make it functional . Thus , computer architecture covers computer systems , microprocessors , circuits , and system programs . Typically the term does not refer to application programs , such as spreadsheets or word processing , which are required to perform a task but not to make the system run .2)1.Design Elements3) In designing a computer system , architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware : the arithmetic /logic unit , control unit , memory , input , and output . The arithmetic /logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values . The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions andtransforming them into electrical signals that the computer 's circuitry can understand . The combination of the arithmetic /logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU) . The memory stores instructions and data . The input input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data , respectively .4) Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users . One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast , while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer .5) In addition to the hardware design , the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system . Software , such as programming languages and operating systems , makes the details of the hardware architecture invisible to the user . For example , computers that use the C programming language or a UNIT operating system may appear the same from the user's viewpoint , although they use different hardware architectures .6)2.Processing Architecture7) When a computer carries out an instruction , it proceeds through five steps . First ,the control unit retrieves theinstruction from memory , for example , an instruction to add two numbers . Second , the control unit decodes the instruction into electronic signals that control the computer . Third , the control unit fetches the data (the two numbers) . Fourth , the arithmetic/logic unit performs the specific operation ( the addition of the two numbers ) . Fifth , the control unit saves the result ( the sum of the two numbers ) .8) Early computers used only simple instructions because the cost of electronic capable of carrying out complex instructions was high . As this cost decreased in the 1960s , more complicated instructions became possible . Complex instructions ( single instructions that specify multiple operations ) can save time because they make it unnecessary for the computer to retrieve additional instructions . For example , if seven operations are combined in one instruction , then six of the steps that fetch instructions are eliminated and the computer spends less time processing that operation . Computers that combine several instructions into a single operation are called complex instruction set computers ( CISC ) .9) However , most programs do not often use complexinstructions , but consist mostly of simple instructions . When these simple instructions are run on CISC architectures , they slow down processing because each instruction--whether simple or complex --takes longer to decode in a CISC design . An alternative strategy is to return to designs that use only simple , single--operation instruction sets and make the most frequently used operations faster in order to increase overall performance . Computers that follow this design are called reduced instruction set computers ( RISC ) .10) RISC designs are especially fast at the numerical computations required in science , graphics , and engineering applications . CISC designs are commonly used for non-numerical computations because they provide special instruction sets for handling character data , such as text in a word processing program . Specialized CISC architectures , called digital signal processors , exist to accelerate processing of digitized audio and video signals .11)3.Open and Closed Architectures12) The CPU of a computer is connected to memory and to the outside world by means of either an open or a closed architecture . An open architecture can be expanded after the system has been built , usually by adding extra circuitry ,such as a new microprocessor computer chip connected to the main system . The specifications of the circuitry are made public , allowing other companies to manufacture these expansion products .13) Closed architectures are usually employed in specialized computers that will not require expansion , for example , computers that control microwave ovens . Some computer manufacturers have used closed architectures so that their customers can purchase expansion circuitry only from them . This allows the manufacture to charge more and reduces the options for the consumer .14)work Architecture15) Computers communicate with other computers via networks . The simplest network is a direct connection between two computers . However , computers can also be connected over large networks , allowing users to exchange data , communicate via electronic mail , and share resources such as printers .16) Computers can be connected in several ways . In a ring configuration , data are transmitted along the ring and each computer in the ring examines this data to determine if it is the intended recipient . If the data are not intended fora particular computer , the computer passes the data to the next computer in the ring . This process is repeated until the data arrive at their intended destination . A ring network allows multiple messages to be carried simultaneously , but since each message is checked by each computer , data transmission is slowed .17) In a bus configuration , computers are connected througha single set of wires , called a bus . One computer sends data to another by broadcasting the address of the receive and the data over the bus . All the computers in the network look at the address simultaneously , and the intended recipient accepts the data . A bus network , unlike a ring network , allows data to be sent directly from one computer to another . However , only one computer at a time can transmit data . The others must wait to send their messages .18) In a star configuration , computers are linked to a central computer called a hub . A computer sends the address of the receiver and the data to the hub , which then links the sending and receiving computers directly . A star network allows multiple messages to be sent simultaneously , but it is more costly because it uses an additional computer , the hub , to direct the data .19)5.Recent Advances20) One problem in computer architecture is caused by the difference between the speed of the CPU and the speed at which memory supplies instructions and data . Modern CPUs can process instructions in 3 nanoseconds ( 3 billionths of a second ) . A typical memory access , however , takes 100 nanoseconds and each instruction may require multiple accesses . To compensate for this disparity , new computer chips have been designed that contain small memories , called caches , located near the CPU . Because of their proximity to the CPU and their small size , caches can supply instructions and data faster than normal memory . Cache memory stores the most frequently used instructions and data and can greatly increase efficiency .21) Although a large cache memory can hold more data , it also becomes slower .To compensate , computer architects employ designs with multiple caches . The design places the smallest and fastest cache nearest the CPU and locates a second large and slower cache farther away . This arrangement allows the CPU to operate on the most frequently accessed instructions and data at top speed and to slow down only slightly when accessing the secondary cache . Using separatecaches for instructions and data also allows the CPU to retrieve an instruction and data simultaneously .22) Anther strategy to increase speed and efficiency is the use of multiple arithmetic/logic units for simultaneous operations , called super scalar execution . In this design , instructions are acquired in groups . The control unit examines each group to see if it contains instructions that can be performed together . Some designs execute as many as six operations simultaneously . It is rare , however , to have this many instructions run together ,so on average the CPU does not achieve a six-fold increase in performance . 23) Multiple computers are sometimes combined into single systems called parallel processors . When a machine has more than one thousand arithmetic/logic units , it is said to be massively parallel . Such machines are used primarily for numerically intensive scientific and engineering computation .Parallel machines containing as many as sixteen thousand computers have been constructed .3-3 VLIW Microprocessors24) When Transmeta Corp. revealed its new Crusoe of processors last month ,experts weren’t surprised to learn that the chips are based on Very Long Instruction Word(VLIW)technology .VLIW has become the prevailing philosophy of microprocessor design , eclipsing older approaches such as RISC and complex instruction set computing(CISC) .25) All microprocessor designs seek better performance within the limitations of their contemporary technology. In the 70s of 20th century ,for example ,memory was measured in kilobytes and very expensive .CISC was the dominant approach because it conserved memory .26) In the CISC architecture . there can be hundreds of program instructions-simple commands that tell the system to add numbers, store values and display results. If all instructions were the same length , the simple ones would waste memory .Simple instructions require as little as 8 bits of storage space , while the most complex consume 120 bits .27) Variable-length instructions are more difficult for a chip to process, though, and the longer CISC instructions are especially complex. nonetheless ,to maintain software compatibility, modern chips such as Intel’s Pentium III and Advanced Micro Devices Inc.’s Athlon must still work with all troublesome CISC instructions that were designed in the 1980s , even though their original advantage-memory conservation-isn’t as important .28) In the 1980s , RAM chips got bigger and bigger in capacity while their prices dropped . The emphasis in CPU design shifted to relatively simple , fixed-length instructions , always 32 bits long .Although this wastes some memory by making programs bigger ,the instructions are easier and faster to execute .29) The simplicity of RISC also makes it easier to design superscalar processors-chips that can execute more than one instruction at a time .This is called instruction-level parallelism. Almost all modern RISC and CISC processors are superscalar. But achieving this capability introduced significant new levels of design complexity.30) VLIW chips can cost less , burn less power and achieve significantly higher performance than comparable RISC and CISC chips But there are always trade-offs. One is code expansion-programs grow larger , requiring more memory. Far more important , though , is that compilers must get smarter .A poor VLIW complier will have a much greater negative impact on performance than would a poor RISC or CISC compiler .31) VLIW isn’t a magic bullet , but it’s the new wave in microprocessor design .Within a few years , it’s certain that at least some of your software will be running on VLIW chips .单元3 电脑体系和微处理器3-1 电脑体系电脑体系，在电脑科技中，是一个依据整个或部分电脑结构的通用术语，这个术语也包含软件系统的设计，例如这个操作系统（控制电脑的程序），以及依据这个在电脑网络中连接主机的硬件和基本的软件的结合体。
工作坊简介
Introduction 工作坊簡介：結合空間資訊、生物資訊及行為資訊的場域資訊學，近年來不但在研究領域上獲得高度注目，在實務與科技的開發應用上也有蓬勃的發展。
臺大智活特別邀請日本京都大學資訊學教育與研究中心場域資訊學門的教授群，透過工作坊的方式，與參加者深入探討與分享他們的研究經驗與成果。
內容包括了跨國合作格網(Language Grid)、文化工程 (Cultural Computing)、自然觀察(Biologging)、使用者參與式研發 ( Participatory production) 以及嵌入式模擬與遊戲設計( Participatory simulation/gaming)等豐富主題。
Program 議程：TIME TOPIC SPEAKER09:00 – 09:40 Registration09:40 – 10:00 Greeting and brief introduction ofField InformaticsProf. Toru Ishida石田亨 教授(京都大學)Session 1: Computing for Collective Intelligence and Culture10:00 ‐ 11:00 Service Oriented CollectiveIntelligence (Language Grid)Prof. Toru Ishida石田亨 教授(京都大學)11:00 ‐ 12:00 Cultural Computing : ExploringJapanese CultureProf. Naoko Tosa土佐尚子 教授(京都大學)12:00 – 13:30 LunchSession 2: Sensing Activities in Field13:30 ‐ 14:30 Biologging Asst. Prof. Junichi Okuyama奥山隼一 助理教授(京都大學)14:30 – 15:00 Tea BreakSession 3: Participatory Approaches15:00 ‐ 16:00 Participatory Production by End Usersand Industrial AccumulationProf. Hajime Kita喜多一 教授(京都大學)16:00 ‐ 17:00 Participatory simulation/gaming forscience communication: The role ofexperimentation in building futureAsso. Prof. Reiko Hishiyama菱山玲子 副教授(早稻田大學)※ 全程採英文演說，現場將不會提供同步中文翻譯。
高一英语大学专业名称练习题30题
高一英语大学专业名称练习题30题1<背景文章>Computer Science is a fascinating field that offers numerous opportunities. The major courses in computer science include programming languages such as Python and Java, data structures and algorithms, database management, and computer networks. Students learn how to write efficient code, design complex software systems, and manage large amounts of data.The employment prospects for computer science graduates are excellent. They can work in a variety of industries such as technology, finance, healthcare, and entertainment. Some of the popular job roles include software developer, data scientist, systems analyst, and network engineer. With the increasing demand for technology in today's digital age, the job market for computer science professionals is expected to grow significantly in the coming years.To succeed in computer science, one needs to have strong problem-solving skills, logical thinking ability, and attention to detail. Creativity and innovation are also important qualities as the field is constantly evolving. Additionally, good communication skills are essential as computer science professionals often work in teams and need to collaborate with others.The advantages of studying computer science are many. It provides a solid foundation in mathematics and logic, which can be applied to various other fields. It also offers high earning potential and job security. Moreover, it allows students to be at the forefront of technological advancements and make a significant impact on society.1. What are some of the major courses in computer science?A. History and GeographyB. Physics and ChemistryC. Programming languages, data structures and algorithms, database management, and computer networksD. Art and Music答案：C。
人教版-英语-八上-6单元 study computer science.课文注释
Unit 6 I'm going to stud computer science.1．TheOld Man and the Sea by Hemingway.答案海明威的《老人与海》。
1)此处介词by为“由……所著”之意。
再如：a short story by Lu Xun（鲁迅的一部短篇小说），the music by Mozart（莫扎特写的音乐），paintings by Van Gogh（梵高的绘画）等。
2) Hemingway(1899-1961)中文译作“海明威”，是世界知名的美国现代作家，曾于1954年获得诺贝尔文学奖。
3)《老人与海》是海明威著名的代表作之一，故事采用叙事文学形式，弘扬了人类迎接挑战及勇敢面对失败的英雄主义气概，成为文学经典之作。
2. Then you can be anything you want!答案那么你就能当上你想做的人了。
此句的基本意思是you can be anything，不定代词anything指代未来所从事的某一职业，you want用来修饰anything。
3．Some resolutions have to do with better planning.答案有些决定与合理的时间规划相关。
1)此句中的planning为名词，表示“计划；规划”等意思，如city planning（城市规划）等。
英语中better planning类似汉语中的“合理规划”，指通过制定计划来更加充分地利用时间、空间、精力等。
2) have to do with这个结构表示“与……相关；与……有关联或有关系”。
4．What does this problem have to do with what we're learning today?答案这道题跟我们今天所学的内容有什么关系？5．Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep．答案有时这些决定可能会太难而无法实现。
中级IT英语听说1-Unit 3
B. Little girls can ask amazing questions.
C. Little girls don't know that they are not supposed to like computers. It's the
parents who do.
D. Parents do have problems to understand computer science.
IT English Listening and Speaking- Intermediate 1
While-listening
LiLsitsetneinnigng Listening
Speaking
Exam Spotlight
Text B Dynamic Programming Language and Statically Typed Languages Activity Two
T 10. We can learn about CPU, RAM and ROM when we build a computer together.
IT English Listening and Speaking- Intermediate 1
While-listening
LiLsitsetneinnigng Listening
A. Java C. C++
B. C D. C sharp
B 9. It is often used to program software. A 10. It is a general-purpose language and 90 percent of Fortune 500
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WHY SOFTWARE ENGINEERING?软件工程的原理Computer science is an art as well as a science, and it is important for you as a student of computer science to understand why. Computer scientists not only study computer mechanisms and theorize about how to make them more productive or efficient; they also design computer systems and write programs to perform tasks on those systems. It is in this latter capacity that computer science can be considered an art. There may be many ways to perform a particular task on a particular system, but some are better than others. One way may be more efficient, more precise, easier to modify, easier to use, or easier to understand. Consequently, Software Engineering is about designing and developing high quality software.计算机科学既是一门艺术，也是一门科学，作为一名计算机科学专业的学生明白其原理是很重要的。
计算机科学不仅要研究提高计算机生产力或效率的机制和理论，而且还要设计计算机系统，并编写程序在这些系统中完成任务。
正是因为后者计算机科学可以认为是一门艺术。
执行特定系统上的一个特定的任务可能有很多方法，但有些方法总是优于其他。
某种方法可能更有效、更精确、更易于修改，更易于使用，或更易于理解。
软件工程就是设计和开发高质量的软件。
We begin by looking at how successful we have been as developers of software systems. After examining the way in which we analyze problems and develop solutions, we show the differences between computer science problems and engineering ones. Our ultimate goal is to produce solutions incorporating high quality software, and we list the characteristics that contribute to that quality.我们首先看看我们是如何成功地成为软件系统的开发者。
我们在研究分析问题和解决方案的后，发现计算机科学问题和工程问题之间的差异。
我们的最终目标是提供包括高质量的软件在内的解决方案，列出有助于质量的特点。
Next, we look at the people involved in software development. After investigating the roles and responsibilities of customers, users and developers, we turn to a study of the system itself. We see that a system can be viewed as a group of objects related to a set of activities and enclosed by a boundary. Alternatively, we look at system with an engineer’s eye; a system can be developed much as a house is built. Having defined the steps in building a system, we discuss the roles of the development team at each step.接下来，我们看一下从事软件开发的人。
在调查客户、使用者、开发者的角色和职责之后，我们转向研究系统本身。
我们看到一个系统可视为一组涉及一系列活动和封闭边界条件组成的对象。
或者，我们用工程师的眼光看系统，系统可以看成是一个房子的建造过程。
明确了构建系统的步骤，我们将讨论在每一步中开发团队的角色。
Finally, we discuss some of the possible problems that may arise during development. Because the potential for problems is based to some degree on the characteristics of the system, we build a table of system descriptors and describe how each affects the degree of development difficulty.最后，我们讨论一些在发展中可能出现的问题。
由于在一定程度上潜在问题是基于系统特征上，我们建立了一个系统描述符表，描述每个因素影响开发困难程度。
HOW SUCCESSFUL HAVE WE BEEN?我们曾经有多么成功？Before we examine what is needed to produce quality software systems, let us look back to see how successful we as computer scientists have been. Are users happy with their existing software and systems? Yes and no. Often systems work, but not exactly as expected. We have all heard stories of systems that just barely work. We have all written programs that still have errors in them but are good enough for a passing grade. Clearly, such behavior is not acceptable when developing a system for a customer.我们在研究如何生产高质量的软件系统之前，回头看看我们作为计算机科学家是如何成功的。
用户对他们现有的软件和系统满意吗？是还是不是。
系统经常不完全按预期工作。
我们都知道刚刚运行的系统，我们所编写的程序仍然有错误，但认为可以及格。
显然，对于为顾客开发一种系统来说这是不能接受的。
Our Track Record我们的跟踪记录There is an enormous difference between an error in a class project and one in a large software system. In fact, software errors and the difficulty in producing error-free software have become frequent topics in recent literature. Some errors are merely annoying; others cost a great deal of time and money. Still others are life threatening. Let us look at a few examples to see what is going wrong and why.项目上的错误和大软件系统的错误有巨大的差异。
事实上，软件的错误问题和生产无差错软件的难度已成为最近文献中频繁的主题。
一些错误只是恼人，其他的需要大量时间成本和金钱成本，还有一些是致命的错误。
让我们看几个例子，看看错误形成过程和原因。
In the early 1980s, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) hired Sperry Corporation to build an automated federal income tax form processing system. According to the Washington Post, the “system has proved inadequate to the workload, cost nearly twice what was expected and must be re placed soon”. In 1985, an extra $90 million was needed to enhance the original $103 million worth of Sperry equipment. In addition, because the problem prevented the IRS from returning refunds to taxpayers by the deadline, the IRS was forced to pay $40.2 million in interest and $22.3 million in overtime wages for its employees who were trying to catch up.在20世纪80年代初，国税局聘请斯佩里公司建立一个联邦收入税表单自动处理系统。
据《华盛顿邮报》称：“系统已证明不能充分工作，成本是预期的近两倍，必须尽快更换”。