On Cohesion And Coherence In CET-6 Writing
玉米英语四级作文
When it comes to writing an English composition for the CET4 exam, which is a significant part of the test for many Chinese students, there are several key elements to consider to ensure a high score. Here are some tips and strategies to craft a wellstructured and persuasive essay:1. Understand the Prompt: Before you start writing, make sure you fully understand what the prompt is asking for. This may involve identifying the main topic, the specific question being asked, and any instructions regarding the content or structure of the essay.2. Plan Your Composition: Spend a few minutes outlining your main points. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next.3. Introduction: Start your essay with a strong introduction that clearly states the topic and your thesis statement. This sets the tone for the rest of your essay and gives the reader an idea of what to expect.4. Body Paragraphs: Develop your body paragraphs with clear topic sentences that introduce each main point. Support your points with examples, facts, or logical reasoning. Ensure that each paragraph is focused on one idea and transitions smoothly into the next.5. Use Variety in Sentence Structure: To make your essay more engaging, vary your sentence structure. Use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences. This not only makes your writing more interesting but also demonstrates your command of English grammar.6. Vocabulary: Use a range of vocabulary appropriate to the context of your essay. Avoid repetition and try to use synonyms or different expressions to convey your ideas.7. Cohesion and Coherence: Ensure that your essay is cohesive and coherent. Use linking words and phrases to connect your ideas and create a smooth flow throughout the essay.8. Conclusion: End your essay with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points and reiterates your thesis. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.9. Proofread: Always proofread your essay for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.A wellwritten essay with few errors will score higher than one with numerous mistakes.10. Practice: The key to success in writing a highscoring CET4 essay is practice. Write multiple essays on various topics to become familiar with the format and to improve yourwriting skills.Remember, the goal is not just to complete the essay but to convey your ideas clearly and persuasively. With practice and attention to these details, you can improve your writing skills and achieve a high score on the CET4 English composition.。
英语四级作文翻译赋分
英语四级作文翻译赋分When evaluating English Level Four (CET-4) composition and translation, several key factors are considered to ensure a fair and comprehensive assessment. Here's a breakdown of the grading criteria typically used:1. Content Relevance: The essay or translation must be relevant to the given topic or instructions. Off-topic content will significantly impact the score.2. Grammar and Syntax: Correct use of grammar is crucial. Errors in verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure are penalized.3. Vocabulary Usage: The essay should demonstrate a good range of vocabulary appropriate for the level. Overuse of basic words or misuse of complex terms can lower the score.4. Coherence and Cohesion: The text must be logically organized with clear connections between sentences and paragraphs. Disjointed writing can lead to a lower grade.5. Mechanical Accuracy: This includes spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. Frequent errors in these areas can affect the overall impression of the writing.6. Originality and Creativity: While not always a primary focus for translation, originality in composition can set anessay apart and contribute to a higher score.7. Adherence to Instructions: The essay or translation should follow any specific instructions given, such as word count, format, or specific points to address.8. Language Style and Register: The writing should be appropriate for the context. Formal writing is expected in academic or professional settings, while a more casual style might be appropriate for other contexts.9. Translation Accuracy: For translation tasks, the accuracy of the translation is paramount. This includes not only the words but also the nuances and cultural references.10. Overall Impression: This is a subjective criterion that takes into account the overall quality of the writing, including the writer's ability to convey ideas effectively and the impression the writing makes on the reader.Graders are typically trained to apply these criteria consistently and to provide constructive feedback to help students improve their writing and translation skills. It's important for students to understand these criteria to prepare effectively for the CET-4 examination.。
英语46级必背作文初一
英语46级必背作文初一Introduction:The English proficiency test, often referred to as the CET (College English Test), is a significant milestone for students in China. For those aiming to achieve a high score on the CET-4 or CET-6, mastering essay writing is crucial. This essay will focus on the key elements that junior high school students should incorporate into their writing to excel in these exams.Paragraph 1: Understanding the Essay PromptBegin by thoroughly understanding the essay prompt. It's essential to identify the topic, the type of essay required (narrative, argumentative, descriptive, etc.), and any specific instructions given. This step ensures that your essay stays on track and addresses the question directly.Paragraph 2: Structuring the EssayA well-structured essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the introduction, present the topic and provide a clear thesis statement. The body paragraphs should each focus on one main idea, supported by examples and explanations. The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis in a new way.Paragraph 3: Expanding VocabularyA rich vocabulary is vital for writing a high-quality essay. Students should aim to learn and use a variety of words,especially those related to the essay's topic. Using advanced vocabulary appropriately can significantly enhance theessay's sophistication.Paragraph 4: Practicing Coherence and CohesionGood essay writing is not just about complex sentences andhigh-level vocabulary; it's also about how well the ideas flow. Use transitional phrases to connect your ideas smoothly. Ensure that each paragraph logically leads to the next, and your arguments build upon each other.Paragraph 5: The Importance of Grammar and PunctuationWhile it's important to use complex grammar structures, it's equally important to use them correctly. Mistakes in grammar and punctuation can distract from your argument and loweryour score. Regular practice and reviewing grammar rules are essential.Paragraph 6: Proofreading and EditingBefore submitting your essay, take the time to proofread and edit. Look for any spelling mistakes, grammatical errors, or awkward phrasing. Editing not only improves the quality ofyour writing but also demonstrates your attention to detail.Conclusion:In conclusion, writing a high-scoring essay for the CET-4 or CET-6 requires a combination of understanding the prompt, structuring the essay well, expanding vocabulary, ensuring coherence and cohesion, mastering grammar and punctuation,and diligent proofreading. With consistent practice and attention to these areas, junior high school students cansignificantly improve their essay writing skills and perform well in their English proficiency exams.Action Steps:1. Start with mock essays and analyze the prompts.2. Create an outline before you start writing.3. Expand your vocabulary with topic-specific words.4. Use a variety of sentence structures and avoid repetition.5. Practice writing under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment.6. Seek feedback from teachers or peers and apply it to your next essay.By following these guidelines and practicing regularly,junior high school students can prepare themselves for the essay writing component of the CET-4 and CET-6 exams.。
六级英语作文
When preparing for the CET6College English Test Band6English composition,its essential to focus on several key aspects to ensure a highscoring essay.Here are some detailed strategies and tips to consider:1.Understanding the Prompt:Always read the essay prompt carefully to understand what is being asked.Make sure you grasp the main idea and any specific requirements before you start writing.2.Brainstorming:Spend a few minutes brainstorming ideas related to the topic.Write down key points,arguments,or examples that you want to include in your essay.3.Outline Your Essay:Create a brief outline to organize your thoughts.This should include an introduction,body paragraphs,and a conclusion.Each body paragraph should focus on one main point or argument.4.Introduction:Start your essay with a strong introduction that clearly states the topic and provides a thesis statement.This sets the tone for the rest of your essay and gives the reader an idea of what to expect.5.Body Paragraphs:Each body paragraph should:Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph.Provide evidence,examples,or explanations that support the topic sentence.Use transition words to connect ideas within the paragraph and to the next paragraph.6.Vocabulary and Grammar:Use a variety of vocabulary to avoid repetition and to demonstrate your language proficiency.Ensure that your grammar is correct,including verb tenses,subjectverb agreement,and sentence structure.7.Cohesion and Coherence:Make sure your essay flows logically from one point to the e linking words and phrases to create cohesion between paragraphs and ideas.8.Conclusion:End your essay with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points and reiterates your thesis statement.Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.9.Proofreading:Before submitting your essay,take the time to proofread it for any grammatical errors,typos,or unclear sentences.Make sure your essay is wellorganized and easy to understand.10.Practice:Regular practice is key to improving your essay writing skills.Write essayson various topics and get feedback from teachers or peers to identify areas for improvement.11.Time Management:During the exam,allocate your time wisely.Spend a few minutes planning,the majority of your time writing,and a few minutes at the end for proofreading.12.Follow Instructions:Pay close attention to the instructions given in the exam. Adhering to the word limit and any specific formatting requirements is crucial for a good score.By focusing on these strategies,you can improve your essay writing skills and increase your chances of achieving a high score on the CET6English composition section.。
英语六级作文打分标准
英语六级作文打分标准The scoring criteria for the English College English Test Level 6 (CET-6) essay generally include the following aspects:1. Content (40%): The content of the essay is crucial. It should demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic, relevant and coherent ideas, and logical development of arguments. Originality and depth of thought are also taken into account.2. Organization (20%): The essay should have a well-structured organization with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Ideas should be presented logically and cohesively, with smooth transitions between paragraphs.3. Language (20%): This aspect evaluates the accuracy and appropriateness of language use. It includes grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and idiomatic expressions.Varied and sophisticated language usage is preferred.4. Argumentation (10%): The essay should present a compelling argument or viewpoint supported by relevant examples, evidence, and reasoning. The ability to analyze and evaluate different perspectives is also considered.5. Coherence and Cohesion (10%): The essay should demonstrate coherence and cohesion through the effective use of linking words, cohesive devices, and paragraphing. Ideas should flow logically from one to another.In summary, to achieve a high score in the CET-6 essay, you should focus on providing insightful and well-supported arguments, organizing your ideas effectively, using accurate and varied language, and ensuring coherence and cohesion throughout the essay. Additionally, paying attention to grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure will also contribute to a higher score.。
The Strategies of College English Writing
Sino-US English Teaching, May 2019, V ol. 16, No. 5, 203-208doi:10.17265/1539-8072/2019.05.003The Strategies of College English WritingZHANG JieUniversity of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThis paper is to restate the importance of English writing for the Chinese students. The paper will focus on theproblems exist in the students writing, such as, the misunderstood topic, the lexical mistakes, the phrase mistakes,and the coherence and unity errors. And the highlight of the paper is to deal with how to overcome the difficultiesby emphasizing the elements, such as deciding on a genre of a composition, unity, and coherence for eachparagraph and a whole text, the controlling idea in a paragraph and a composition and the logic realization inwriting. Using proper and academic words is also necessary element in composing a text.Keywords: topic, academic words, the structure of sentences and cohesion and coherenceThe Importance of English WritingWriting is very important for all level of learning and examination. Writing is a high level of expression. Human communication starts with oral form of language, the speaking, and written work, the writing. For foreign language education in China writing is compulsory from the senior high school to the Ph.D. education. In every level there is certain teaching syllabus of state or province level, for example for the senior high school students, writing simple letters, notes, or notices, and filling in resume etc. The writing is required to conform to the standard of handwriting, the genre and greetings. And for the college entrance examination the senior are required to write about 80 words to 100 words in 30 minutes. And the basic grammar and sentence structure are evaluated. And the ideas should be clear.1According to the Chinese education bureau’s document, the CET 4 or CET 6 has high requirement that students should finish the writing about 150 words in 30 minutes. And some details are mentioned, such as, the first one is ideas express—focus on the topic, the attitude, and opinion. The second one is the text arrangement—different kinds of writing, cohesion, and coherent of t sentence, paragraph, and the whole text. The third one is language application—the diction, grammar and sentence structure and punctuation and logic of the ideas. The last one is to apply writing strategies.2Starting from the college entrance examination, every formal English text, the writing module is unavoidable, like, the Master degree entrance examination, the IELTS writing, the TOEFL examination. Even the Ph.D. candidate entrance examination and course writing is compulsory. Writing is so important for both in-class learning and examinations so the analysis of the writing is necessary, as writing is important element for college students and crucial for the application of English in practice. So the solid foundation for learning of how to learn English well is priority for the students.ZHANG Jie, Associate Professor, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.1Retrieved from https:///view/58bbf966b84ae45c3b358cb3.html?from=search. 2 Retrieved from /res/Home/1704/55b02330ac17274664f06d9d3db8249d.pdf.THE STRATEGIES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH WRITING204 The Problems Exist in the Students WritingWriting is so important and students spend much time on practicing it. There are still problems in their writings. The most serious problem is the stray away from the topic that is misunderstanding the topic. The second one is the thesis statement—lack of thesis statement in the composition. The third one is the cohesion of each paragraph and the use of coherent among the paragraphs and in each paragraph. The fourth is the lexical mistakes, and the sentence structures. For the first problem, take the graduate entrance examination as an example. Candidates are required to write a composition of answering the volunteers’ questions. Unfortunately some candidates wrote it as asking questions about the volunteering work. This problem caused the total failure of the writing. The second one is that some students cannot state the thesis in the first paragraph, which leads to the whole composition lack of controlling idea. As for the third problem it is particularly important in a writing, but it is sometimes ignored by some students. Some students are feverous about the content and anxious to express the ideas within certain period of time, and hardly to organize the idea logically. The lexical problem could be the auspicious problem in writing although it is not the most serious one. The students usually pay much attention to words, spending more time on memorizing the words. But while the students are writing a composition the words which can be used are only the simple words, the oral form or the non-academic, nothing to say the correct form of the words and sentence structure. With so many problems in the writing, to grasp the proper way and standard of writing is essential for language learners.The Strategies to Overcome the Difficulties in the Students WritingWith the problems existing in the students writing, how to avoid the problems and improve the writing ability is impending. Some aspects should be considered for a good piece of writing.The Genre of the WritingThe genre of a composition is very important for the students to consider at first step. They can be different kinds of genre in writing, such as the procedure: how something is done; description: what some is like; report: what is a class of thing is like; and explanation: reason why a judgment is made. These genres are identified by their structure and by repeated patters of transitivity, reference, conjunction, etc., so that students writing exposition may be taught to use a thesis-argument-conclusion structure, while undergraduates might produce discussions following issue-point of view-conclusion pattern (Candin & Hall, 2005).So the first to consider is to judge the genre of the writing. Be sure about and be familiar with the kind of composition. The different kinds of writing may have different structure and ways of producing the composition. For example, if it is a letter, the format should be included. If it is exposition, the thesis, argument, and conclusion are necessary in the process of the explanation.Unity of a ParagraphUnity is an important element for a good paragraph. For both paragraphs and a whole text controlling idea is very necessary. A paragraph with a single major thought is said to have unity, and this major though is called controlling idea. For a paragraph the controlling idea of a paragraph is usually expressed in a word or group of words, and represented in a topic sentence. And the topic sentence should be extended in the paragraph to achieve a unit of a paragraph. Every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove the main idea. For example, there are three paragraphs; only one paragraph is unity and the other two are not. One discusses two different topics and the other does not have unity because it has sentences that are not related to the main topics.THE STRATEGIES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH WRITING 205Para. 1.Effect of color.Colors creates biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athlete’s need more endurance for longer performance responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. Green was a sacred color to the Egyptians representing the hoe and joy of spring. It is also a sacred color to Muslims. Many mosques and religious temples throughout the world use green (the color of renewal and growth) and blue) the color of heaven) to balance heavenly peace with spiritual growth. To sum up, color influences us in many ways. (Daniels, 2004, p. 10)Para. 2.Effect of color.Colors creates biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athlete’s need more endurance for longer performance responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After London’s Blackfraris bridge was painted green, the number of suicides decreased by 34 percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that color affects not only our moods but also our behaviors as well.(Daniels, 2004, p. 10)Para. 3.Effect of colorColors creates biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athlete’s need more endurance for longer performance responded best when exposed to blue light. Blue is not a good color for dinnerware, however. Food looks less appetizing when it is served on blue plates, perhaps because very few foods in nature are of that color. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After London’s Blackfraris bridge was painted green, the number of suicides decreased by 34 percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that color affects not only our moods but also our behaviors as well. (Daniels, 2004, p. 10)After reading the paragraphs, it will be clear that Paragraph 1 does not have unity because it has sentences that are not related to the main idea, while Paragraph 3 does have unity because of two different topics. One is the effect of color and the other is that color blue is not a good color. Only Paragraph 2 has unity.As the whole text of the controlling idea is to concern the same idea in the text, the controlling idea guides the whole text. Although some examples may cite, they must serve to support the topic. Each paragraph can only be part of the whole text. For example, the topic is “Online Shopping”. Different paragraph must be concerning with the controlling idea of online shopping. They would be the different kinds of online shopping, the positive and negative of online shopping, the development of online shopping, the strategies of online shopping, and the enjoyment of online shopping. Of course students may mention the main customers of online shopping; the point cannot the main concern. With achieving the unity for paragraph and a whole text, another element to be cautious is the coherence.Coherence of a ParagraphCoherence means to hold together. For coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together, that is, theTHE STRATEGIES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH WRITING206 movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. Every sentence should flow smoothly into the next one. There are four ways to achieve coherence.They are repeating key nouns, using consistent pronoun, using transition signal to link ideas, and arranging ideas in logical order.3The first way is repeating the key nouns. Repetition is a common way for coherence. It is can also be called a rhetoric way. In a writing, the repetition of key nouns can produce both coherence and literacy of a writing.When referring to the same noun, repeating key nouns in a writing is essential. And it can also be a kind of rhetoric device for a writing. For example, in a paragraph the key word is gold; the repletion of the key word can be the exact word “gold” and also can be coin. Another example, a boy can be replaced as a young man, a guy, a hero, or a creature, etc., choosing the synonyms according to mood of the paragraph.The second way is using consistent pronoun. The correct using pronoun is a sign of language development. For a child at first it is difficult to identify the related pronoun and fully grasp the using of consistent pronoun representing the logical thought in expression.The third way is transition signals to link ideas. There different kinds of transition signals.Functions tointroduceTransition phrases Conjunctive adverbs Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions Others Additional ideain addition furthermore, moreover, besides, also, too and another Opposition orcontraston the other hand, in contrast however, nevertheless, instead, still nonetheless but yet, although, though, even though, whereas, while in spite of, despite A choice oralternativeor if, unless To introduce arestatement orexplanationin fact in deed To list in orderfirst, second, … the first, the second, … An examplefor example, for instance an example of , such as A conclusion orsummaryclearly in brief conclusion A result according toas a result soThe application of transition signals is important for coherence. According to language ability the overuse of transition signal is a kind of language deficiency.The fourth one is arranging ideas in logical order, such as the chronological order, the logical division of ideas, and the comparison/contrast. These methods can help the writing be coherent and logic and be well understood. Only with the unity and coherence of a paragraph a writing can be clear, logic, and readable. If a writing is considered to be well written, diction and sentence structure are also needed.Diction and Sentence Structure for a Good WritingDiction is basic for a good writing, and directly indicates a good writing. The first point is formal and3Retrieved from /forum-63-1.THE STRATEGIES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH WRITING 207informal. English is rich in vocabulary with multiple origins, among which the long words mainly come from Latin Greek and French. And they are more formal and usually used in the formal style, such as: law document, government paper, and business communication, etc. The informal vocabularies are the words from old English, and usually short and easily understood, for example, purchase vs. buy, utilize vs. use, terminate vs. end, punctual vs. on time, explode vs. bow up, investigate vs. look into. The first ones in the pairs are suitable for the formal and solemn situations ion, while the second ones of the pairs are usually used in an informal writing or daily life. The second point is written or oral. Admittedly the language used in daily life is usually oral language. Secondly what to consider for choosing words is about oral or written words. College English Writing is formal; of course it isn’t reach to the frozen style. It is recommended to write with formal and written words. For example, compare the two sentences: The College required all the students to submit their essay by a given time. I have got to hand in my essay by tomorrow. The first sentence is written in style, and the second one is oral style. The college English writing is required to test writing ability rather than oral, so writing for the different kind examinations is required for formal in style. Written works do not use personal pronouns, for example: The sentence like “some action should be taken for environmental protection”, is written in style, while the sentence like “we should take some actions to protect the environment” is oral in style. Comparing the two sentences, the first one is suggested in writing. Another feature of written is that the important information in the sentence is put at the end of a sentence. Comparing the two sentences: “It is reported that the post office has received one of letter” and “one of the letters has arrived (but the other one hasn’t)”, the first sentence is more acceptable in examination writing. As for diction, the use of synonyms is also important. For example, the list of words like: bear, endure, tolerate, stand, and put up with should be used carefully. If it is a formal writing the first three words should be used. If it is an informal writing the two should be used. Written features of writing require that the writer pay attention to the personal pronoun, the position of important information, and the use of synonym (Xu, 2005).The third point is using words concisely. Conciseness is one of the important features for a good writing. In writing if a meaning can be expressed in a word, then do not use a phrase, such as suddenly vs. all of a sudden, because vs. because of the fact that, although vs. in spite of the fact that. Similarly, phrases are more efficient than clauses considering the conciseness of writing.The fourth point of diction is the collocation of words. Sometimes the collocation of Chinese and English is different, for example: to acquire knowledge, to get a job, to achieve success, to gain reputation, to attain one’s end.The last point of diction is to avoid using the same words repeatedly. For example the notion of moving forward can be expressed like run, move, turn, roll, whirl, etc.As for sentences, the most important point is grammatical grammar and the variety of sentences structure. With different sentences structures, rhythms of language can be noticed and sensed. And the beauty of language can be show.ConclusionWith the discussion of the importance of English writing and the problems existing in the students writing, some strategies and methods of writing concluded in the paper. The genre is the first to consider, and the unity, the coherence, and the diction are also important in the process of writing.THE STRATEGIES OF COLLEGE ENGLISH WRITING208 ReferencesCandin, C. N., & Hall, D. R. (2005). Teaching and reaching writing . Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Reaching Press. Daniels, A. (2004). “Curing With Color”, From House to Home. Martin Independent Journal, Novato California, 8-10.Xu, J. N. & Ha, H. ( 2005). “ Accurate Words, Appropriate Sentences, Effective Paragraphs ”. Liaoning: Dalian IndustrialUniversity Press.。
什么影响了我英语作文800字左右优秀
什么影响了我英语作文800字左右优秀全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1What Influenced My English Writing (around 800 words)As an English learner, writing compositions has always been a daunting task for me. From struggling with proper grammar and vocabulary to organizing my thoughts coherently, the process of crafting an impressive English essay seemed like an uphill battle. However, through dedication, perseverance, and the influence of various factors, I have gradually honed my writing skills, culminating in the production of an outstanding 800-word piece.One of the most significant influences on my English writing has been extensive reading. By immersing myself in a wide range of literature, from classic novels to contemporary articles, I have unconsciously absorbed the nuances of the English language. The rhythm, cadence, and flow of well-written prose have become ingrained in my mind, allowing me to emulate these qualities in my own compositions. Moreover, reading hasexpanded my vocabulary repertoire, enabling me to express my thoughts with greater precision and eloquence.Another pivotal factor that has shaped my English writing is the guidance of dedicated teachers and mentors. Their constructive feedback, insightful comments, and unwavering support have been instrumental in refining my writing skills. Through their meticulous evaluations, I have learned to identify and correct common errors, such as misplaced modifiers, subject-verb agreement issues, and improper use of idioms. Additionally, their encouragement has boosted my confidence, motivating me to push beyond my perceived limitations and strive for excellence.Furthermore, my personal experiences and cultural background have infused my writing with a unique perspective and authenticity. Drawing inspiration from the richness of my heritage, I have endeavored to weave captivating narratives that resonate with readers from diverse backgrounds. By incorporating elements of my cultural identity, I have imbued my compositions with a distinct voice, allowing me to stand out among my peers.Technological advancements have also played a significant role in enhancing my English writing abilities. Online writingresources, such as grammar checkers, thesauruses, and writing forums, have provided invaluable tools for refining my work. Additionally, collaborative writing platforms have facilitated peer review and feedback, allowing me to receive valuable insights from fellow writers and improve my craft.Lastly, my determination and perseverance have been the driving forces behind my progress in English writing. I have embraced every opportunity to practice, whether through writing prompts, journaling, or participating in writing competitions. Each stumbling block has been a stepping stone towards mastery, fueling my desire to overcome challenges and push the boundaries of my capabilities.In conclusion, the factors that have influenced my English writing are multifaceted and interconnected. From the enriching world of literature to the invaluable guidance of teachers and mentors, from my cultural roots to the advent of technological aids, and ultimately, my unwavering commitment toself-improvement, these elements have coalesced to shape my writing journey. As I continue to hone my skills, I am confident that my English writing will soar to new heights, allowing me to express myself with clarity, eloquence, and a unique voice that resonates with readers worldwide.篇2What Influenced My English Writing (around 2000 words)As an international student whose first language is not English, writing in English has always been a daunting task for me. From struggling to find the right words to expressing my thoughts coherently, it has been a long and arduous journey. However, throughout this journey, several factors have played a significant role in shaping and improving my English writing skills.Firstly, my love for reading has been a major influence on my writing abilities. Since a young age, I have been an avid reader, devouring books of all genres – from fiction to non-fiction, classics to contemporary works. Reading not only expanded my vocabulary but also exposed me to different writing styles, sentence structures, and ways of expressing ideas. It taught me the importance of descriptive language, vivid imagery, and the power of well-crafted metaphors and similes. With each book I read, I unconsciously absorbed the rhythms and nuances of the English language, which later reflected in my writing.Secondly, the guidance and feedback from my English teachers have been invaluable in improving my writing skills.Their patient guidance, constructive criticism, and unwavering support have helped me identify my weaknesses and work on improving them. They taught me the importance of organization, coherence, and using appropriate transitions to ensure a smooth flow of ideas. Additionally, their emphasis on proofreading and revising my work has instilled in me a habit of meticulously reviewing and refining my writing, ensuring that it is free of errors and conveys my intended message effectively.Furthermore, my participation in writing workshops and peer review sessions has been instrumental in enhancing my writing abilities. These sessions provided a platform for me to share my work, receive feedback from others, and learn from their perspectives. Listening to the critiques and suggestions of my peers helped me understand the strengths and weaknesses of my writing from a fresh, objective point of view. It also encouraged me to be more mindful of my audience and tailor my writing accordingly, ensuring that my message resonates with the intended readers.Moreover, my exposure to different cultures and experiences has significantly influenced my writing style and content. As an international student, I have had the opportunity to interact with individuals from diverse backgrounds, each with their uniqueperspectives and worldviews. This diversity has broadened my horizons and allowed me to incorporate elements of different cultures into my writing, adding depth and richness to my narratives. Whether it's describing the vibrant colors and flavors of a traditional dish or capturing the essence of a cultural celebration, my writing has become more vivid and authentic due to these experiences.Additionally, my engagement with various writing platforms and online communities has played a crucial role in honing my writing skills. From participating in writing contests and submitting pieces to literary magazines to sharing my work on personal blogs and social media platforms, I have received invaluable feedback and exposure. This exposure has not only boosted my confidence as a writer but has also challenged me to continuously improve and experiment with different writing styles and genres.Lastly, my perseverance and dedication to continuously learning and improving have been the driving forces behind my growth as a writer. Writing, like any skill, requires practice and commitment. I have spent countless hours writing, revising, and refining my work, determined to overcome the challenges and master the art of effective communication through the writtenword. I have embraced the process of learning from my mistakes, seeking out resources and opportunities to enhance my skills, and never shying away from constructive criticism.In conclusion, my English writing skills have been shaped by a myriad of factors, each contributing to my growth and development as a writer. From my love for reading and the guidance of dedicated teachers to the exposure to diverse cultures and experiences, as well as the invaluable feedback and support from writing communities, every element has played a pivotal role in my journey. However, it is my perseverance, dedication, and willingness to learn that have truly been the driving forces behind my progress. As I continue to navigate the world of writing, I am confident that these influences will continue to shape and refine my篇3What Influenced My English Writing to Achieve a High ScoreAs an avid student of the English language, I have always been fascinated by the art of writing. From a young age, I was captivated by the way words could be woven together to create vivid imagery, convey complex emotions, and transport the reader to different worlds. However, achieving a high score inEnglish writing was no easy feat. It was a journey that required dedication, perseverance, and a combination of various influences that shaped my writing abilities.The Foundation: A Love for ReadingOne of the most profound influences on my English writing was my love for reading. I was fortunate to have parents who instilled in me a deep appreciation for books from an early age. They would read to me every night, exposing me to a vast array of literary works, from classic novels to contemporary fiction. As I grew older, I devoured books with an insatiable appetite, immersing myself in different genres, styles, and perspectives.Through reading, I developed a keen understanding of language, syntax, and the art of storytelling. I learned how to craft compelling narratives, develop multidimensional characters, and weave intricate plots. Moreover, reading exposed me to a diverse range of writing styles, allowing me to appreciate the nuances of language and the power of carefully chosen words.The Mentor: A Dedicated TeacherAnother significant influence on my English writing was the guidance of a exceptional English teacher, Mrs. Johnson. Her passion for the language was infectious, and her commitment tohelping her students excel was unwavering. Mrs. Johnson had a unique ability to identify each student's strengths and weaknesses, tailoring her lessons to address our individual needs.Under her tutelage, I learned the importance of structure, organization, and coherence in writing. She taught me to meticulously plan and outline my essays, ensuring that my ideas flowed logically and seamlessly. Additionally, Mrs. Johnson emphasized the significance of precise word choice and the impact it can have on the reader's understanding and emotional response.The Practice: Consistent Writing and FeedbackOf course, no amount of reading or instruction could have elevated my writing skills without consistent practice and feedback. Throughout my academic journey, I embraced every opportunity to write, whether it was essays, short stories, or poetry. I learned to treat each writing assignment as a chance to hone my craft and push the boundaries of my abilities.Equally important was the feedback I received from teachers, peers, and mentors. I welcomed constructive criticism with an open mind, recognizing that it was a valuable tool for growth. By carefully analyzing the feedback, I was able to identify myweaknesses and work tirelessly to improve upon them. This iterative process of writing, receiving feedback, and revising my work played a pivotal role in refining my skills.The Determination: Embracing Challenges and PerseveranceWriting is not merely a skill; it is an art form that requires dedication and perseverance. Throughout my journey, I encountered numerous challenges – writer's block, self-doubt, and the occasional rejection. However, it was my unwavering determination that propelled me forward.I learned to embrace these challenges as opportunities for growth, rather than obstacles to overcome. When faced with writer's block, I explored different techniques to ignite my creativity, such as freewriting, changing environments, or seeking inspiration from other sources. When self-doubt crept in, I reminded myself of the progress I had made and the successes I had achieved, using them as fuel to propel me forward.The Passion: A Lifelong Love for WritingUltimately, the most significant influence on my English writing was my passion – a deep, unwavering love for the craft itself. Writing was not merely a task or an assignment; it was ameans of self-expression, a way to connect with others, and a vehicle for exploring the depths of human experience.This passion fueled my desire to constantly improve, to push boundaries, and to explore new realms of creativity. It was the driving force that kept me motivated, even when the path seemed arduous. With each word I wrote, I felt a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment, knowing that I was contributing to the rich tapestry of literature.Achieving a high score in English writing was not the result of a single factor but rather a culmination of various influences that shaped my journey. From the foundation of a love for reading to the guidance of a dedicated teacher, from the practice of consistent writing and feedback to the determination to embrace challenges, and ultimately, the passion that burned within me – each element played a crucial role in honing my skills and propelling me towards success.As I reflect on my achievements, I am filled with gratitude for the countless individuals and experiences that have molded me into the writer I am today. But more importantly, I am inspired to continue on this path, to never stop learning and growing, and to use my words to make a meaningful impact on the world around me.。
英语四级作文评分标准
英语四级作文评分标准Sure, I can help you with that.The scoring criteria for the English CET-4 writing section typically include several key aspects:1. Content: The content of your essay should be relevant to the topic given. Make sure your essay addresses the prompt fully and provides well-developed ideas and arguments.2. Organization: Your essay should have a clear and logical structure. This includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on one main idea, and there should be smooth transitions between paragraphs.3. Language Use: Demonstrating a wide range of vocabulary, appropriate word choice, and accurate grammar and sentence structure is crucial. Avoid repetitivelanguage and grammatical errors as much as possible.4. Coherence and Cohesion: Your essay should be well-organized and easy to follow. Use cohesive devices such as transition words and phrases to connect ideas within and between sentences and paragraphs.5. Task Fulfillment: Make sure you fully address the task given in the prompt. Your essay should clearly respond to the question or statement provided, and all relevant points should be covered.6. Creativity and Originality: While it's important to follow the prompt and address the topic given, try to approach it from a unique perspective or provide original insights and examples to make your essay stand out.7. Length and Development: Your essay should meet the minimum length requirement (usually around 200-300 words) and should be sufficiently developed with relevant details, examples, and explanations to support your arguments.Overall, aim to demonstrate your ability to communicate effectively in written English, including expressing ideas clearly, organizing them logically, and using appropriate language and style for the task at hand. Good luck with your writing!。
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On Cohesion And Coherence In CET－6 Writing 【Abstract】This paper presents some meditations about Cohesion and Coherence in CET-6 Writing. It aims at helping candidates to pass the CET-6 successfully and achieve good grades.【Key words】cohesion coherence CET-6 essay writing【中图分类号】 G642 【文献标识码】 A【文章编号】 1674－4810（2010）02－0049－02COHESION AND COHERENCENo matter whether a text is presented through writing or expressed by speaking, both of them should be logical cohesion and semantic coherence and there is no exception in essay writing for CET-6. Cohesion and coherence are the metafunction of Halliday’s functional grammar, which are applicable and practicable.（Halliday, 2002）When we talk about the text cohesion, we cannot help thinking of coherence. Indeed, coherence and cohesion are two different concepts. Generally speaking, according to Thompson, cohesion refers to the linguistic devices by which the speaker and writer can signal the experiential and interpersonal coherence of the text, and thus a text phenomenon. On the other hand, coherence is in the mind of writer and reader: it is a mental phenomenon.（1996/2000: 7）. By my acknowledgement, I believe that cohesion is a network of a text which can be seen but coherence is an entire meaning of a text which cannot be seen. From this point, a text realizes its coherence through cohesive devices.COHESION AND COHERENCE AND TEXT‘A text has texture and this is distinguishes it from something that is not a text.’（Brown & Yule, 1984: 191）‘A texture is provided by the cohesive RELATION.’（Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 2）‘Cohesive relationships within a text are set up ‘where the INTERPRETATION of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another.’（Brown & Yule, 1984: 191）In another words, the texture is primarily provided by cohesion, which is a semantic concept, which refers to the relations of meaning that exist in the text. A text-cohesion occurs where the interpretation of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of other. ‘The one PRESUPPOSES the other, in the sense that it cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it.’（Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 4）‘Since the speaker or writer uses cohesion to signal texture, the listener or reader has to react to it in order to interpret it.’（Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 295）On the other hand, coherence holds segments of a text together, making it as a large semantic building, just as a workman uses bricks or stones to build a building. The importance of coherence lies in the continuity it expresses between one part of the text and another.（Brown and Yule, 1984: 224）COHESIVE DEVICESGrammatical device（ cohesion） , lexical cohesion, logical connector, pragmatic and semantic implication are five important cohesive devices. Grammatical device may play a key role in cohering sentences and paragraphs in essay writing in CET-6 into a text. According to Halliday and Hasan’s Cohesion in English, and Halliday’s An Introduction to Functional Grammar, the following can play a role as cohesive tie in the text-forming are reference, ellipsis, conjunction, time relater, place relater, substitution, time and aspect. In order to explicit the two concepts of coherence and cohesion, I am going to try to analyze the following two paragraphs in essay writing in CET-6 by using some linguistic knowledge which is relevant to the text-coherence and text-cohesion. Sample 1①Model Test Five of writing.Writing: How Do College Students Spend Their Holiday?Paragraph 2①There are several reasons leading to the changes. ②Firstly, wi th the development of economy, students can get financial support for traveling from their parents as well as by doing part-time jobs.③Secondly, to tourism has developed rapidly over the past ten years. ④Thirdly, the convenience of transportation makes t he trip easier and quicker. ⑤Finally, students have realized the importance of participating in social activities. ⑥In this way, ⑦most important of all, they can obtain rich experience which can not be learned from textbooks.【Analyze】In this paragraph, ①have semantic relations of repetition which is presented by repeating the phrase,“several reasons leading to the changes”. ②, ③, ④, ⑤ have semantic relations of time which are realized by cohesive words, “firstly”, “secondly” “thirdly” and “finally”.①have semantic relations of comparativeness and emphasis which are expressed by the cohesive word, “In this way” and cohesive phrase,“most important of all”.Sample 2② Writing: How to Conduct Patriotic Education among the Youth of Today. Paragraph 2①The patr iotic education can make youth more aware of the significance of patriotic education to our society, ②however, can be seen from the perspectives as follows. ③In the first place, the patriotic education can make youth more aware of the glorious history and culture of our nation, thus building up their sense of pride as Chinese.④In the second, the patriotic education helps youth value today’s hard-earned life ⑤so as to hold their golden chances of enriching themselves with knowledge in peace. ⑥To sum up, patr iotic education is a key ingredient in the all-round development.【Analyze】In this paragraph, ①, ②have semantic relations of repetition which is presented by repeating the phrase, “from the perspectives as follows”.③, ④ have semantic relations of time whi ch are realized by cohesive words, “in first place”, “in second place”⑤, ⑥have semantic relations purpose and result which are expressed by the cohesive word, “so as to”and cohesive phrase, “To sum up”.From the two examples above, we can see that the semantic relation within sentences is coherence and the form by which presents the semantic coherence is cohesion. The relationship between coherence and cohesion is a relation of content and form seeing what kind of semantic contents will have what kind of text-structure. Therefore it is important for us to study text-coherence and text-cohesion for us to develop reading techniques and reading ability.COHESION AND COHERENCEWriting is a form of language communication and it is a thinking activity. The read ers’ understanding of the word-meaning in the text is the lowest level understanding of the text. If the writer has no logical ability to structure the semantic relation that exists in the writing, he/she will not be able to let the teachers who are judgin g or reading the essay follow the writer’s thought and understand tdeeper structure of the text. So if candidates want to write successfully in the writing of CET Band 6, they will have not only a good command of language knowledge（grammar, lexis）but also the knowledge of coherence and cohesion.It is well known that each writer has his intended meaning in producing a linguistic message and each essay or paragraph has its central idea. So a certain internal relation must exist within paragraphs of the essay and this relation must be embodied in a certain form. Similarly, each paragraph must have a main idea（topic sentence）and each sentence must serve for the main idea of each paragraph. The internal relation exists within sentences, which must be presented in a certain form. This semantic relation between sentence and sentence, paragraph and paragraph is called text-coherence and paragraph-coherence（ that I mentioned in paragraphs above）and the way this is presented called cohesion. So when we read, we can reason the logical relation thatexists within sentences, and paragraphs by cohesive devices that enable us to understand not only the word-meaning but also the implementation of the text.CONCLUSIONIn a word, it is when candidates for CET-6 have a good command of language knowledge（ grammar, lexis） and the knowledge of coherence and cohesion that they will be able to write wonderful essays and get satisfactory marks.注释① 大学英语六级考试星火模拟试卷（ Model Test Five），5～11② 大学英语四、六级写作全功略， 135References［1］Brown,G. & Yule,G..（1983）. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge University Press. London［2］ Halliday, M.A.K.（ 2002） . AN INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR. Oxford University Press, Inc.. London［3］Halliday, M.A.K. and Hasan R.（1976）. Cohesion in English. Longman. London［4］Thompson, G.（2000）. Introducing functional Grammar. Arnold. London［5］Lightbown, P. M. and Spada,N.（2000）. How Languages are Learned. Oxford. London［6］ Stern, H.H.（ 1990） .Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford University Press. London［7］Thomas, Linda.（1993）. Beginning Syntax. & USA［8］Yule, G.（1993）. The Study of Language. Cambridge University Press. London［9］陈幼平 .星火大学英语模拟试卷（大学英语 6级）［J］.济南：山东科学技术出版社，2009.8［10］高玉翠 .大学英语四、六级写作全功略［ M］.济南：山东大学出版社， 2007.8。