09-04年大学英语四级阅读真题详解

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2004年6月大学英语四级试题 2阅读理解及注释 (1)

2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳) way you do your job.Y ou may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn‘t ensure career advancement. Y ou have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Y et, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics – a better job, a raise, praise – many people are still unable or unwilling to ―play the game.‖―Peopl e assume that office politics involves some manipulative(攻于心计的) behavior,‖ says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. ―But politics derives from the word ‗polite‘. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.‖In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one‘s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment – not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.―The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,‖ says Neil P. Lewis, a manage ment psychologist. ―But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It‘s simple human nature.‖Y et, psychologists say, many employees and emp loyers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Expert suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11. ―Office politics‖ (Line 2, Para 4) is used in the passage to refer to ____.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a companyD) the various qualities required for a successful career12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ____.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to ―play the game‖ (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get then nowhere.14. The author considers office politics to be ____.A) unwelcome at the workplaceB) bad for interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement15. It is the author‘s view that ____.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little to one‘s promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】A总是按时工作。

历年英语四级阅读全..

历年英语四级阅读全解析（2002-2009）2002.1Passage oneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car‘s movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.A) its power sourceB) its driving systemC) its monitoring systemD) its seating capacity22. What is the author‘s main concern?A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D) How to develop an automated subway system.23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?A) A rail.B) An engine.C) A retractable arm.D) A computer controller.24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.A) keep in the right laneB) wait to arrive at his destinationC) keep in constant touch with the computer centerD) inform the system of his destination by phone25. Wh at is the author‘s attitude toward the future of autos?A) Enthusiastic.B) Pessimistic.C) Optimistic.D) Cautious.这篇材料讲的是未来汽车的问题。

2009年12月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解

Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about wh at they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of th e university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job s he had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.D) Most of their revenues come from the government.65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.A) she was known to be good at raising moneyB) she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC) she knew how to attract students overseasD) she had boosted Yale’s academic status66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?A) They can enhance the university’s image.B) They will bring with them more international faculty.C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.D) They can set up new academic disciplines.参考答案：Passage One文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。

2009年四级真题及答案

2009年12月大学英语四级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofCreating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……Creating a Green CampusPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skim ming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools arere-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has servedprimarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmor e College economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial ai d doesn’t feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by them selves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t pl an to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff,Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording ofa musical performance or a video of them dancing.1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education,a number of colleges are ________.A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policiesC) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollmentsC) attract good students D) increase their revenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 mill ion a year to raise its rankingB) it gives students motivation to award academic achievementsC) it’s illogical to use so much m oney on only 4% of its studentsD) it’s not right to give aid to t hose who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutionsC) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like to see it reduced.B) They regard it as a necessary evil.C) They think it does more harm than good.D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College p lan to drop merit aid entirely?A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic fieldPart Ⅲ Liste ning Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful information.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure.C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor.C) Physics is an important course at school.D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up fora day course.C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the classC) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Whether they should take the child home.B) What Dr. May er’s i nstructions exactly were.C) Who should take care of the child at home.D) When the child would completely recover.30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B) She makes them write down all her instructions.C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpe rsonal communication.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.B) Improve their working conditions.C) Encourage them to compete with each other.D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.B) They concern a small number of people only.C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上。

2009年6月英语四级真题及答案

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words followingthe outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Free admission to museumsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentences with the information given in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffanysays. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .”Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt veryembarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,”Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A)He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B)He was slow in answering her questions.C)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from .A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to theauthor?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that .A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ diverse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request forleave?A)He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB)He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know the importanceof to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achievediversity and benefit from the between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about whatwas said .Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once .Aftereach question there will be a pause . During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children.C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.C) He finds his office much too big for him.D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.C) The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friendB) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application form Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic.B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.B) She is going to take care of her old dad.C) She has never got on with her father.D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered.C) He does not care about his appearance.D) He is not quite popular with his patients.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistakeB) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properlyC) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs.B) Consult her boss about the best solution.C) Pass the man’s order to the right person.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) PartialB) Temporary D) CreativeSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time.B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food.B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends.B) He is able to make up good excuses.C) He will lie whenever he wants.D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him.B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries.B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father.B) He will grow up to be good for nothing.C) He has too much to know the value of things.D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.B) She has no experience in raising children.C) She wants to show off her wealth.D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.C) The attention the media focuses on them.D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passageis read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main pointsin your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, youshould check what you have written .Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44).But we’re not finished yet. We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45).Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46).Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensiv e.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic isthat .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan ’s car-makers. He ’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-servicescompany in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota ’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68subways and grains . “It ’s not inconvenient at all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20thcentury.” Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are stillpopular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is 77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007. 67. A) profit C) income B) payment D) budget 68. A) mostly C) occasionally B) partially D) rarely 69. A) Therefore C) Otherwise B) Besides D) Consequently 70. A) drift C) current B) tideD) trend 71. A) remarkablyC) specially B) essentiallyD )particularly 72. A) WhileC) When B) BecauseD) Since 73. A) surgingC) slipping B) stretchingD) shaking 74. A) unlessC) as B) ifD) after 75. A) lowerC) broader B) slighterD) larger 76. A) liable toC) thanks to B) in terms ofD) in view of 77. A) uniqueC) mysterious B) similarD) strange 78. A) overC) on B) againstD) behind Alarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 81 wealth gap, demographic (人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 83 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 86 .79. A) messC) growth B) boomD) decay 80. A) proceededC) launched B)relievedD) revised 81. A) quickeningC) strengthening B) wideningD) lengthening 82. A) averageC) abundant B) massiveD) general 83. A) labelsC) vehicles B) cyclesD) devices 84. A) orC) but B) untilD) then 85. A) concludesC) reckons B) predictsD) prescribes 86. A) distantC) temporary B) likelyD) immediate。

2009年12月英语四级真题精讲-深度阅读

1. candidate n. 候选人，申请求职者【文中实例】Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. 在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。

【实例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。

他作为民主党候选人参选。

【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nominee n. 申请者，候选人2. fascinate v. 使着迷，使极感兴趣【文中实例】I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, ....我更期待米歇尔·奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，......。

【实例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。

【举一反三】派生词 fascinated a. 着迷的；fascinating a. 令人着迷的；fascination n. 魅力3. prevailing a. 普遍的，盛行的，流行的【文中实例】The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. 时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。

【实例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观【举一反三】派生词prevail (over) v. 胜过，压倒，占优势4. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法【文中实例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. 在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。

2009年专四阅读详解

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT ADo you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to遭受forces between four and five times your body weight? 81 When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint球窝关节; it has certain loads负荷imposed on施加it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment. 82 Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem, which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.B 推断81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints髋关节?A. When one is walking.B. When one is running.C. When one is standing.D. When one is lying down.A细节82. Engineers regard the replacement of hip-joints as a(n) ____ Problem.A. mechanicalB. medicalC. healthD. agricultural1. the bones in your hip are subjected to遭受forces between four and five times your body weight.are subjected to遭受No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 任何人不得加以酷刑，或施以残忍的、非人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。

2009专四阅读题型参考答案

09专四阅读真题⽂章来源于络，仅供参考 [1] 阅读⼀ Text A or C? Windows Setup CD It was late in the afternoon, and I was putting the final burnishes on a piece of writing that I was feeling pretty good about. Yes, okay, it was an e-mail, but it was a clever one and I hated to lose it. My cursor had frozen. I tried to shut the computer down, and it seized up altogether. Unsure of what else to do, I yanked the battery out. Unfortunately, Windows had been in the midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking. The next morning, when I turned my computer back on, it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load. More graciously, it offered to repair itself by using the Windows Setup CD. I opened the special drawer where I keep CDs. But no Windows CD. I was forced to call the computer company's Global Support Center. My call was answered by a woman in some unnamed, far-off land. I find it vexing to make small talk with someone when I don't know what continent they're standing on. Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we've been having when there was a monsoon at the other end of the phone? So I got right to the point. "My computer is telling me a file is corrupted and it wants to fix itself, but I don't have the Windows Setup CD." "So you're having a problem with your Windows Setup CD." She had apparently been dozing and, having come to just as the sentence ended, was attempting to cover for her inattention. I recognized the technique from a thousand breakfast conversations. It quickly became clear that the woman was not a computer technician. Her job was to serve as a gatekeeper, a human shield for the techs, who were off in the back room, or possibly another far-off continent, playing cards and burning CDs for their friends. Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels. To make me disappear, the woman gave me the phone number for Windows' creator, Microsoft. This is like giving someone the phone number for, I don't know, North America. Besides, the CD worked; I just didn't have it. No matter how many times I repeated my story, we came back to the same place. She was unflappable and resolutely polite. When my voice hit a certain decibel, I was passed along, like a hot, irritable potato, to a technician. "You don't have the Windows Setup CD, ma'am, because you don't need it," he explained cheerfully. "Windows came preinstalled on your computer!" "But I do need it." "Yes, but you don't have it." We went on like this for a while. Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. "Of course, you'd lose all your e-mail, your documents, your photos." It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache. "You might be able to recover them, but it would be expensive." He sounded delighted. "And it's not covered by the warranty!" The safe began to seem like a good idea, provided it was full. I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I'd heard about. A smart, helpful man dug out a Windows CD and told me it wouldn't be a problem. An hour later, he called to let me know it was ready. I thanked him, and we chatted about the weather, which was the same outside my window as it was outside his. [2] 阅读⼆ Reading Text B Phony Phone Calls / Hello? I'm Glad You Called FINALLY, a cellphone service available to everyone, everywhere - free! No overage charges, no hidden fees, no contracts and no dropped calls, ever. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I'm going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning. The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually any public space. Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members - not to mention talky students - buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will, you know, take approximately one hour. Because a person can't walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost. So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don't dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the tenor and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.2 For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: "Yes, and that's why I'm glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. What's that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there." Be animated. Be engrossed in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, 3point to your phone, shrug and move on. Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you'd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is. Singles feeling shy about entering a bar to meet the cute woman sitting in the window should fake fone their way into that bar, fake chat their way right toward the cute one, using fake fone conversation such as: "Thank you. Yeah, I feel really good about the award. I know, it's a lot of money. Maybe I can buy that houseboat! Just kidding. I'll donate the first million to the refugees who so desperately need it, then invest." You'd want, of course, to carry this fake conversation on at a high volume as you approach the cute one. And then you should pretend your fake caller has to go, leaving you abruptly alone. Look sad. If the cute one starts up a conversation with you and asks you about the award or the refugees, well, you're on your own.4 One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. "So I don't need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news." And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrrng! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. "What is the matter with this thing?" I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear. "Hello? Are you still there?" Oops [3] 阅读三 Reading Text D The Card Tactic Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. My husband explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a.m., you can't simply hang around, clearing your throat like a bellhop. You have to be direct. So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man whom I had never seen or met, this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from a howitzer aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up thonks was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services well rendered to a Mafia-style protection racket. Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. Unless a small person named Mickey had taken up residence in our garbage can and this missive was intended for him, it had to be another tip solicitation, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want $30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your compost bin some hot summer day."。

2009年6月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think the y can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .A) closer I) painfulB) daily J) performanceC) emotional K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especially N) sensitiveG) hinder O) urgeH) missionSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many topdesigners to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, o rganic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothe s, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt f or “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care a bout it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.答案：Section A47. M require“要求”。

2009年专四解析

专四阅读解题技巧---以2009年专四真题为例[日期：2011-11-28] 来源：基础英语作者：基础英语阅读：53次[字体：大中小]2009年专业英语四级阅读理解部分与往年相比难度持平，题型相当，涉及说明、议论、记叙和描写等各种文体手段，囊括微观扫读（scanning）、宏观略读（skimming）和推理论证(inference) 等多项阅读策略。

下面就各种考点的解题手段和注意事项逐一进行说明。

一、准确定位原文，认真研读细节与往年一样，事实型细节题仍是最主要的考点。

这种题型难度不大，主要考查考生利用微观扫读（scanning）的策略，从词句的角度理解原文的重点细节。

解题时注意两点即可：（一）准确定位，即根据题干中出现的关键词迅速返回原文，找到题目在原文当中相应的出处。

这个过程有两个问题，首先是什么样的词才能成为关键词。

关键词有两种，第一种是类似于数字、大写字母等比较醒目的字眼，因其醒目，故可以快速定位；另一种是题干中意义的重心，一般是实词（名词、动词、形容词和副词），这样的词往往直接涉及文章中重点细节信息，有利于定位的准确性。

例如：09年92题中的the Global Su pport Centre，98题的Raoul，99题的Mickey等，都是可以用来定位的首字母大写的专有名词；81题的most weight 和hip-joints，82题的the replacement of hip-joints，83题的increasing efficiency of the agricultural industry等，这些都属于实词定位。

其次，定位过程中还有一个文同题序的原则，即出题的顺序和文章脉络发展的顺序相当。

把关键词查找和这个原则结合起来，就会大大提高定位的速度和准确度。

（二）句间关系解读。

当我们把一道细节题定位到文章中的某个句子时，并不一定靠该句本身就可以解决问题，而通常要看该句和周围句子之间的逻辑关系，这种逻辑关系包含解释、并列、顺序、重复等。

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大学英语四级阅读真题详解（99-04）1999年1月大学英语四级考试Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage One这一篇介绍英国乡村一景——茅草屋顶的村舍——的说明文。

短文第一段以描景的方式引出主题：茅草屋顶的村舍仍是英国乡村迷人的一景。

而后于第二段介绍草屋建筑的历史。

第三段介绍草屋工艺的今天和草屋的特点。

最后一段通过与发展中国草屋的对比进一步突出英国草屋的寿命和优势。

21.（C）要点理解判断。

由题干a unique feature of the English countryside 确定答案依据在第一段，由该段第一句的描写及第二句中“the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”可知答案为C。

22.（D）要点定位理解。

由题干中的craft 定位至第三段，理解第一句即可确定答案。

23.（A）要点定位理解。

题干中的prefer 与第三段最后一句中的choose 相对应，其中not only for itsbeauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter 与选项A 一致。

24.（B）要点定位归纳。

本题问及developing countries 住草屋的情况，涉及第三段前三句的要点：①第三世界半数以上人口住草屋；②他们不愿用传统的茅草做建筑材料，而宁愿住现代化楼房；③但他们没有钱进口建材。

概括要点可知他们住草屋与经济条件有关，故B为答案。

25.（C）主题推断。

根据上述语篇分析，作为发达国家的英国，乡村茅舍的存在成为迷人一景，他们由于其美丽的风格和冬暖夏凉的性能而对之情有独钟。

注意选项A中的thatched cottage 是不可能从古代保存下来的，因为根据短文最后部分的内容，茅草屋顶的建筑一般寿命为20~60年。

Passage Two这一篇论述竞争意义的说明文。

短文由总统名言“The business of America is business”引出话题，再借探讨美国人为什么如此看重business 的原因切入主题：竞争是美国商业基础，是个人自由、机会均等、刻苦勤奋等价值观得到保护的手段。

从第三段起，短文通过与具有垄断权力的政府的对比，强调竞争捍卫个人自由（第三段），竞争比民主更重要（第四段），竞争能强化机会均等的理想（第五段）。

26.（C）词语理解。

结合该句出现的上下文（即第一段），可知句中第一个business 意为“头等大事，重要事务”，第二个business 为通常意义上的“商业，贸易，企业”。

27.（D）要点定位理解。

由题干的realize their personal values 确定本题涉及第二段最后一句，理解该句即得答案。

28.（B）要点归纳判断。

本文中涉及的主体有business/institutions, businessmen, government 和customers 等。

综观全文要点，在竞争中获利的是customers 和fair businesses (见第三段)。

29.（A）要点定位理解。

本题问及政府与企业的突出差异，涉及第四段第一句，理解monopoly 可知答案为A。

30.（B）要点理解推断。

由本题选项确定本题涉及美国公司和别国公司的比较。

推断依据应是最后一段要点：①在美国竞争是公开公正的赛跑，它使成功归于跑得最快的人，不论其社会阶级背景；②竞争的成替代了基于家庭背景的社会等级；③企业表达了机遇平等的思想，而不表达世袭特权的贵族思想。

根据这些要点，可推知其反面即是别的国家的情况。

Passage Three这是一篇论述广告对购买动机影响正反两种效果的说明文。

短文开门见山，于第一句提出主题，并于第一、二两段分析广告的不利影响；而后于第三段分析广告的积极影响，各要点均举例佐证；最后一段为作者对消费者的忠告。

31.（D）要点定位理解。

由题干中的buy worthless products 定位至短文第一段的实例，其中“someadvertisers have appealed to people’s desire for …”和本段主题句中的“the appeal of advertising to buying motives”即是本题答案依据。

32.（D）要点定位理解。

本题问及第二段关于bread 的实例，由该段最后两句中两个but 后对实情的剖析可确定答案。

33.（A）要点理解判断。

本题选项涉及第三段要点（A、D）和最后一段要点（B、C）。

由第三段第四段排除D，第四段第三句but 后的内容排除B，最后一句排除C；选A概括了第三段的要点。

34.（A）要点定位推断。

由题干a smart consumer should 推定本题涉及最后一段作者对消费者的忠告：广告对消费动机的鼓动作用主要通过对产品各种优点的渲染来体现，明智的消费者主要应冷静分析这些优点（该段第二句）。

35.（C）主题归纳。

根据上述语篇分析，本文主题十分明确。

短文第一句是主题句，据此也可确定答案。

Passage Four这是一篇通过揭示教与学的功能差别阐述阅读教学方式的说明文。

短文从对传统的阅读方式的批评入手（第一段），揭示了教和学的不同功能和特点（教：第二段；学：第三段）；而后于最后两段阐述阅读教学该怎么进行：①使阅读成为学生有意义、有乐趣的经常活动（见第四段）；②教师创造一种学生通过阅读学习阅读的环境（第五段）。

36.（D）要点定位理解。

本题问及第一段提到的阅读教学中的存在的问题，该段第三句与选项D意思相吻。

37.（B）要点定位理解。

本题问及“教”阅读的成功方法，涉及第二段要点，理解该段第三句即可确定答案（教的作用是创造一种使学生能最有效地自学阅读的条件和气氛）。

38.（B）词语理解。

由“learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open topublic scrutiny”（学习是一个思维过程，不能为公众所___），再结合与之对照的教的过程（上一段最后一句）“Teaching is a public activity: It can be seen and observed”,可确定scrutiny 应相当于seeing, observation 等。

39.（A）要点定位归纳。

题干之no longer be a difficult task 与短文第四段最后一句和第五段最后一句中的easy, easier相对应，理解归纳两句要点，即可排除B、C和D。

40.（C）主题归纳。

综合上述语篇分析，短文第一段最后一句和短文结论句（最后一段最后一句），可概括出主题：阅读能力不能直接由教师传授，只能由学生通过阅读本身来自学并解决阅读学习中碰到的问题，教师应做的是为学生创造一种激发其学习欲望的学习环境和气氛。

1999年6月大学英语四级考试试卷一Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage One这是一篇讨论电子设备成为航空安全隐患的说明文。

短文于第一段提出问题（揭示主题）；第二段谈RTCA、专家和航空公司对这一问题的反应，即对乘客是否禁用随身携带的电子设备的不同态度；第三段谈问题的复杂性；第四段谈问题的潜在危险性。

21.（B）主题归纳。

本文主要讨论随身携带的电子设备产生的电磁干扰，可能导致飞行器安全导航系统故障，从而可能导致飞机失事这一主题。

22.（C）要点定位理解。

本题题干指向短文第一段第二句，结合第一段中前两句使用的情态动词（may,could have been）和下一句中remains unconfirmed, 以及第三段要点，可确定答案D。

23.（D）要点定位推断。

本题涉及短文第二段最后一句要点，根据该句可推断航空公司这么做的用意。

24.（D）要点定位归纳。

根据题干的问题，可确定本题指向第三段要点：困难之一，难以预测电磁场怎样影响导航电脑；困难之二，无法通过实验室模拟，故无从确切知道这种干扰是否危险。

25.（A）作者观点推断。

结合第22题分析及最后一段又有两处用到表示不确定性的情态动词may, 可推知作者仅就飞行的安全隐患与电子设备的电磁波是否有关或这种安全隐患究竟有多严重进行一些可能性探讨，并没有提出明确的结论。

Passage Two这是一篇分析美国公共关系行业为什么起步早却落后于欧洲之原因的说明文。

短文于第一段引出PR 话题，第二段陈述美国公共关行业滑坡的现状；第三段剖析这一滑坡的三大原因；第四段提出改变现状的建议。

26.（A）要点定位理解。

由题干之U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened 定位至短文第二段主题句（第一句），理解该句即能确定答案。

27.（A）要点定位归纳。

题干与短文第二段最后一句内容相同，答案基于对前面两句要点的归纳：①英国公司变得更富经验、更具创造性；②一半以上的英国公司把PR作为公司计划活动的内容。

28.（B）词语理解。

Provincial 一词出现在第三段第一要点，根据与之并列的take more of an interestin local affairs 及下一句内容，可确定选项A较符合上下文语义。

29.（B）要点定位归纳。

本题答案涉及对第三段要点的归纳：①美国人地理观不强；②第二语言能力差；③不够关心国际事务。

由此确定他们在PR领域不如欧洲人老练、不够有经验（sophisticated）。

30.（D）要点定位推断。

由本题题干的Ted Turner 和CNN确定答案依据在最后一段。

结合上一段对美国PR人员的分析（缺乏全局观念、不懂地理、不懂外语、不关心国际事务），美国要在PR业迎头赶上，就要改变上述态度，不分国内、国外，树立全球观念。

Passage Three这是一篇关于巴西人口增长率下降原因分析的说明文。

短文开门见山提出主题：巴西人口增长率下降主要是意外的原因(by accident)；第二段列举人口增长率下降的数据；而后用三段篇幅剖析两大特殊原因：通俗电视连续剧和分斯付款计划，第三段第三句至第四段剖析连续剧导致人口增长率下降的机理，第五段讲分期付款带来的消费模式的改变及其与人口繁殖的关系。

31.（A）主题句理解。

短文第一句中more by accident than design相当于more by chance than onpurpose.32.（D）要点定位推断。