Chapter04概念结构杓em
肉的卫生
(二)Fatty tissue（脂肪组织）： 1. The distribution：the immature resides in among muscle bundles, the adult in subcutaneouly、mesenterium、 epiploon etc.(幼龄的存在于肌束间，成年动物的存在于皮下、
（肌凝蛋白：也称肌球蛋白，是肌节中暗带粗丝的组成成分，并具 有ATP酶活性）
（2）actin：consistutes myofilament main component, it has not ATP enzymatic activity，it exists in globular and fiber.（肌纤蛋白：也称肌动蛋白，是构成肌原纤维细丝的主要成
（一）Protein：myofibrillae protein、myosinogen and matrix protein. （ （一）蛋白质：肌原纤维中的蛋白、肌浆蛋白、基质 蛋白）
1、myofibrillae protein（肌原纤维中的蛋白）： main protein is myosin and actin.（主要是肌凝蛋白和肌纤蛋白） （1）myosin：named myoglobulin，the moity of muscle rod dark band thick myofilament, constitutes myofibrilla main structural protein and possesses ATP enzymatic activity.
新浙教版科学九年级上第四章知识点
新浙教版科学九年级上第四章知识点Chapter 4: n in Animals1.Food and n1.1 Caloric Value: The amount of heat produced when a gram of nutrient is oxidized in the body is called caloric value。
Different XXX value of 16.7 kJ。
while fats have a caloric value of 37.7 kJ.1.2 The seven main nutrients in food are water。
carbohydrates。
proteins。
fats。
XXX。
vitamins。
and dietary fiber.1.3 ns of each nutrient:Carbohydrates: the most important source of energy for cells and a component of cell structures.Proteins: the main material for cell growth and repair。
provide XXX。
XXX.Fats: XXX.Water: an important component of cells and the XXX.XXX: XXX iron can cause anemia。
lack of calcium can lead to rickets。
and lack of iodine can cause goiter.XXX: XXX.Dietary fiber: derived from plant-based foods。
can absorb and retain water。
XXX food.1.4 Sources and deficiency XXX vitamins: Night blindness(A)。
医学英语翻译 Chapter 4
Translation of some adjective phrases
Accurate to Accustomed to Adequate for Adequate to Afraid of Angry at (angry about) Angry with (angry at) Annoyed for Apt to Ashamed of
necessityfeasibilitypossibility说明另一概念的性质或特征本身就是由形容词派生而来
Chapter 4
Conversion
英译汉：转译成动词
名 动：由动词派生的名词；具有动作意 义的名词 介 动：含有动作意味的介词(短语) ：含有动作意味的介词(短语) 形 动：表示心理或精神状态的形容词
英译汉：转译成名词
动 名：表示静态的特征或状态 形 名：the + adj. 名：the
英译汉：转译成形容词
名 形：抽象名词(如：necessity, 形：抽象名词(如：necessity, feasibility, possibility)，说明另一概念的性 possibility)，说明另一概念的性 质或特征，本身就是由形容词派生而来。
Refractory to Responsible for Rich in Short of Sick of Suitable for Subject to Suggestive of Sure of Susceptible to Suspicious of Used to Useful for Worthy of
汉译英
动 名、形、介词短语、非谓语形式：选 择主要谓语动词。 副 名 名 代
Translation of several commonly used words with different word classes and word meanings
语言学chapter 4 Lexicology
E. Sapir (1921: 32) tells us that the word may be anything from the expression of
a single concept—concrete or abstract, or purely relational(e.g. of, by, and ), to the
The inclusion in this definition of the word free removes bound morphemes which cannot stand independently as words, such as un-, -ism. This definition does not seem to admit words that are compounds of other words: it would admit fire and man but not fireman. But elsewhere Bloomfield says that a free form which is not a phrase is a word, which would admit fireman.
Invariable words refer to those words such as since, when, seldom, through, hello. They do not have inflective endings.
1.3.2 Grammatical words and lexical words
1.1 Some definitions of word
1.1.1 Leonard Bloomfield(1933: 178):
英语语言学Chapter 4 Syntax
❖ Indocentric construction (内心结构): An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to one of its constituents which serves as a head or a center of the whole, for example, NP, VP, AP and AdvP are typical endocentric constructions.
❖ Number: Number is inflectional category basically distinguishing reference to one individual from reference to more than one. It is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun. In English there are two terms of number: singular and plural. But languages like classical Greek and Arabic have a third number: dual, something like the English “both”. And Fijian has a fourth: trial.
First, it must be an animate noun, nouns like book, desk are not possible choices.
Secondly, even within the type of animate nouns, only those which have a semantic component of human are most naturally used with the verb smile.
英语句子结构树状图
英语句子结构树状图英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语（adverbial）.英语句子成分中，有些具有形态标志.如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”，作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”.这些形态变化对分析辨认成分汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别.例如：（1） Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后，立刻就睡觉了.（2） I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了饭就去.在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来.而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略.如例（1）中，汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解.若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”.听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人.英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：S+V （主+谓）基本句型二：S+V+P （主+谓+表）基本句型三：S+V+O （主+谓+宾）基本句型四：S+V+o+O （主+谓+间宾+直宾）基本句型五：S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补） 4 追问：那主系表结构呢回答：是主系表结构中的副词啊.\x0d一.何谓主系表结构：所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语.\x0dLi Lei is a Chineseboy.( Li Lei 是名词，作主语.)\x0dHe is from England.( He 是代词，作主语.)\x0dFeeding the birds is my hobby.(“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语，作主语.)\x0dWhat she said is right.(“ What she said ”是从句，作主语.)\x0d2.系动词（ Link verb ）：系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语.简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词.目前学到的系动词有 be ,feel ,look ,sound ,taste ,smell 等.例如：\x0dThis flower is beautiful.\x0dI felt very tired.\x0dYou look worried.\x0dIt tastes delicious.\x0d3.表语（ Predicative ）：表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的.它又叫作主语补足语.表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当.例如：\x0dI am fine .( fine 是形容词，作表语)\x0dHe is a boy .( boy 是名词，作表语)\x0dFive plus two isseven .( seven 是数词，作表语)\x0d是主系表结构中的副词啊.。
Unit 4
Revision
1. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. 1) 于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影， 雨里、雾里、风里、雪里，只盼着早些回家...... Thus the gathering dusk often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to be home that quickens my steps.(虞艳译)
2.Suppleness in Chinese Comparative speaking, Chinese sentence structure of subject + predicate is more complicated which allows various element as the subject or even no subject. The predicate can be verbs, nouns and adjectives. 1）全市到处兴建新工厂。（地点主语） New factories are being built all over the city. 2）天高云淡。（形容词作谓语） The sky is high and the clouds are pale.
2) 请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。 Trans. 1: Everyone is called on to take an active part in the systematic reform of one’s work unit. Trans. 2: You are all encouraged to play an active role in the systematic reform of our unit. 3）他总是以积极态度处理各种问题。 Trans. 1: He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems. Trans. 2: He approaches various problems with a positive frame of mind.
chapter4Syntax
chapter4SyntaxChapter 4 Syntax4.1 What is syntax?SYNTAX, derived from Greek, is made up of two morphemes / syn/(together) and / tax/(arrangement).Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.Note: 1. Syntactic rules in a grammar account for the grammaticality of sentences, and the ordering of words and morphemes. Syntax involves our knowledge of structural ambiguity, our knowledge that sentences may be paraphrases of each other, and our knowledge of the grammatical function of each It is also concerned with speakers' ability to produce and understand an infinite set of possible sentences. The sentence is regarded the highest-ranking unit of grammar, and therefore that the purpose of a grammatical description is to define, making use of whatever descriptive apparatus that may be necessary (rules, categories, etc).part of a sentence, that is, of the grammatical relations.在语⾔学上，句法是指研究语⾔中词组合成句⼦的⽀配规则，或者简单的说，是研究句⼦的构造。