chapter2 罗马文化
高中知识点罗马的文化

高中知识点罗马的文化Ancient Rome is known for its rich and influential culture that has had a profound impact on the world. 罗马古代文化因其丰富而有影响力而闻名,对世界产生了深远的影响。
One of the most important aspects of Roman culture was its art and architecture. One of the most famous architectural achievements of ancient Rome is the Colosseum, an iconic symbol of the empire's power and grandeur. 罗马文化中最重要的一个方面是艺术和建筑。
罗马古代最著名的建筑成就之一是斗兽场,它是帝国权力和壮丽的标志性象征。
In addition to its architectural wonders, Roman art was also highly influential. The Romans were known for their skill in creating realistic portraits and sculptures. 此外,罗马艺术也具有很高的影响力。
罗马人以创作逼真的肖像和雕塑而闻名。
Their art often depicted historical events and influential figures, and was used to glorify the power and achievements of the empire. 他们的艺术经常描绘历史事件和有影响力的人物,并被用来美化帝国的权力和成就。
Another important aspect of Roman culture was its literature. 另一个罗马文化的重要方面是文学。
《古罗马文化》课件

经济繁荣:农业 、手工业、商业 发达
文化繁荣:文学 、艺术、哲学、 建筑等领域都有 重要成就
罗马帝国的崛起
公元前27年,屋大维建立罗马帝国 罗马帝国疆域横跨欧亚非三大洲 罗马帝国实行共和制,后转为帝制 罗马帝国在公元476年灭亡
罗马帝国的衰落
原因:政治腐败、 经济衰退、军事 失败
过程:公元3世 纪开始,罗马帝 国逐渐衰落
共和制:古罗马 的政治制度,强 调公民权利和民 主参与
军事制度:古罗 马的军事制度, 强调纪律和团队 合作
宗教信仰:古罗 马的宗教信仰, 包括多神教和基 督教等
04
古罗马的科技 发展
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农业与工程
农业:古罗马 农业发达,采 用轮耕、灌溉
等先进技术
工程:古罗马 建筑技术高超, 如罗马斗兽场、
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古罗马文化
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目 录
CONTENT S
单击添加目录项标题
01
古罗马的历史背景
02
古罗马的文化特色
03
古罗马的科技发展
04
古罗马的社会生活
05
古罗马的影响与传承
06
01
添加章节标题
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02
古罗马的历史 背景
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罗马的起源
哲学思想:古罗马的哲学思想对现代哲学产生了重要影响,如斯多葛学派、伊壁鸠鲁 学派等
感谢观看
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古罗马文化的传承:通过书籍、建筑、雕塑等文化遗产得以传承和 发扬
艺术与工艺
建筑:罗马式建筑,如罗马斗兽场、万神殿等 雕塑:罗马雕塑,如《奥古斯都》、《拉奥孔》等 绘画:罗马壁画,如庞贝壁画、罗马壁画等 工艺:罗马工艺,如玻璃、陶瓷、金属等
Roman Culture罗马文化 PPT

The Roman Republic was established around 509 BC, according to later writers such as Livy, when the last of the seven kings of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, was deposed, and a system based on annually elected magistrates and various representative assemblies was established. A constitution set a series of checks and balances, and a separation of powers.
Romulus and Remus are the grandsons of the Latin King, Numitor of Alba Longa. The King was ejected from his throne by his cruel brother Amulius while Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, gave birth.
An Introduction to European Culture
Division II: Romቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱn Culture
Roman History --- The Ancient
According to legend, Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by twin brothers descended from the Trojan prince Aeneas.
chapter2 罗马文化

TCexotmSpturedhye_nIs_i3o.n1 Exercises
Multiple choice.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
(1) Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of ____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted about 1200 years throughout.
Chapter 2 Culture in Ancient Rome
All roads lead to Rome. Rome was not built in one day. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Carthage 英 [ˈkɑ:θidʒ] 美 [ˈkɑrθɪdʒ]
Constantine [‘kɔnstəntain] 君士坦丁
Theodosius n. 狄奥多西(约346-395,最後一位统治统一
的罗马帝国的君主)
Text Main Ideas Study _I_1.1
Main Ideas
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The History of Ancient Rome
Text Main Ideas Study _I_1.2
Main Ideas
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Three powerful rulers: L.Sulla Felix, the 1st Triumvirate, the 2nd Triumvirate
In 27 BC, Octavian called himself Augustus and built up a centralized Rome.
unit2 罗马文化第二讲 (1)

• • • •
The Glory is Greece! The Grandness is Rome! 辉煌属于希腊! 伟大属于罗马!
Roman Culture
• Architecture • Pantheon (125A.D)(temple of all gods万神殿) bestpreserved major Roman building, it has a dome over a circular chamber and a Greek pediment(山角墙)in front.
• It contains all the normal elements of epics--- horror, bravery, tragedy, destruction, betrayal and human qualities of reconciliation, grief, doubt and sorrow. • Virgil wishes to show two things: the importance of duty and the dangers of excess. the heroes are modern they have weaknesses, but now the weakness are not physical like Achilles in Iliad, but of moral and psychological. • When Aeneas arrives at Carthage and sees that “here too glorious deeds have their reward, here too there are tears for thing that happen, and mortal suffering touches the heart.”---humanity
西方思想经典导读中文翻译,孙有中,外语教学与研究社

Chapter 1 Greek Culture(希腊文化)古希腊是用来描述在古代讲希腊语世界的术语。
它不仅指目前希腊国家的领土,还包括那些希腊人定居的地区: 塞浦路斯、土耳其爱琴海海岸(当时称为lonia),西西里和意大利南部(被称为大希腊),希腊定居点分散在海岸上,即现在的阿尔巴尼亚,保加利亚、埃及、利比亚、罗马尼亚、西班牙、法国和乌克兰。
传统意义上,古希腊时期被认为以西元前776年第一次奥运会为开端,但大多数历史学家现在把开端扩展到西元前1000年左右。
传统的古希腊时期以西元前323年亚历山大大帝的去世为结束。
接下来的时期被称为希腊化,一直持续到西元前146年——希腊半岛和岛屿被罗马兼并。
希腊的民族,在分割的地理环境和各种各样族群的影响下,发展为城邦——小定居点成长为小王国。
这些城市分别独立发展。
然而,存在一种普遍的发展模式,即情况在每个特定阶段多多少少会有所不同。
君主制屈从于贵族制,贵族制接着被僭政取代。
在希腊大陆的僭政很快屈从于寡头政体或政体,并通过有限的公和奴隶主予以缓和;在希腊的政治的理念便应运而生。
梭伦在雅典创立制。
军事化的斯巴达有独特的宪制和社会发展。
交战的城邦有一种团结的意识;他们所有的公民认为他们自己都是古希腊人。
特别是雅典戏剧性地成长。
戏剧,诗歌,雕塑,建筑学和哲学繁荣起来,并且这里有蓬勃的智识生活。
一些西方文化名鼎鼎的和在雅典思想史上享誉盛名的人在这一时期诞生:剧作家埃斯库罗斯,阿里斯多芬尼斯,欧里庇得斯和索福克里斯,哲学家亚里士多德,柏拉图和格拉底,历史学家希罗多德,修西得底斯和色诺芬,诗人西蒙尼戴斯和雕刻家菲迪亚斯。
这座城市成为如伯里克里所说“希腊人的学校”。
古希腊被大多数历史学家视作西方文明的奠基文化。
希腊文化对罗马帝国有强大的影响,他把这种版本带到欧洲的许多地方。
古希腊文明已经极影响了现代世界的语言、政治、教育体制、哲学、艺术和建筑学,尤其是在西欧文艺复兴期间,并在18、19世纪各种新古典主义的复兴时期再次影响了欧洲和美洲。
罗马文明2

3.奴隶制
第一次布匿战争,占领西西里的阿格里根 特,把2.5万名俘虏卖为奴隶 公元前204年,攻陷塔林敦,把3万居民卖 为奴隶 公元前167年,把征服地区15万居民卖为 奴隶 公元前146年,把迦太基5万居民卖为奴隶; 科林斯全部居民卖为奴隶
◎ 奴隶与奴隶主的矛盾
奴隶制的充分发展,往往与对外扩张 和外族奴役密切相关,战争和外族人口的 掠夺对于奴隶制的充分发展具有至关重要 的影响抑或构成奴隶制充分发展的前提条 件。前137-132年和前104-101年西西里 岛的两次奴隶起义以及前73-71年斯巴达 克起义,集中体现了罗马共和国后期奴隶 制充分发展的历史背景下奴隶与奴隶主之 间的尖锐矛盾。
2.大土地所有制
◎ 小农与大地产主的矛盾 农业在罗马共和国经济社会领域具有 举足轻重的地位和影响。小所有制即小农 经济的广泛存在,构成罗马共和国公民/ 土地/战士三位一体制度的基础。
罗马共和国后期,伴随着扩张战争的进程 和奴隶制经济的广泛发展,土地兼并愈演愈烈, 小农破产的现象日趋严重,大地产急剧膨胀, 由此形成小农与大地产主之间的激烈冲突。前 133年和前123年格拉古兄弟的改革,集中体现 了罗马共和国后期小农与大地产主之间的深刻 对立。
幸运者:“一半是狮子,一半是狐狸”
墓志铭: 没有一个朋友曾给我多大好处 也没有一个敌人曾给我多大危害 ——但我加重回敬了他!
2.前三头同盟和凯撒的个人 独裁
庞培:清剿地中海海盗、远征东方 克拉苏:罗马首富 “一个无力用自己 的财产维持一支军队的人,算不上是一个 富人。”
凯撒
苏拉:“他们爱保他就让他们保吧,只是别 忘了,他们如此热心搭救的这 个人有朝一日 是会给他们和我所共同支持的贵族事业带来பைடு நூலகம்致命打击的;要知道,在这个凯撒身上有好 多个马略呀。”
古代罗马文化的组成

古代罗马文化是一个多元化、综合性的文化体系,由许多不同的组成部分构成。
以下是其中一些主要的组成部分:
1. 政治制度与法律:罗马共和国和罗马帝国的政治制度对罗马文化产生了深远影响。
罗马的法律体系、议会制度和行政架构为后世政治制度提供了重要的范例。
2. 建筑与工程:罗马人以其宏伟的建筑和工程技术而闻名。
罗马建筑风格包括圆形竞技场(如斗兽场)、剧院、浴场、拱门和大型公共建筑,如罗马斗兽场和巴西利卡(Basilica)等。
3. 文学与语言:罗马文学在古代世界中占据重要地位。
著名的罗马作家包括维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)、塞涅卡(Seneca)等。
拉丁语也是罗马的官方语言,并影响了许多后来的欧洲语言。
4. 宗教与神话:罗马人崇拜多神教,吸收了希腊神话,并将其与本土信仰相结合。
许多神话故事和神话人物在罗马文化中扮演重要角色。
5. 社会生活与娱乐:罗马人注重社交和娱乐活动。
公共浴场、露天剧场和赛马等娱乐活动是他们日常生活的重要组成部分。
6. 艺术与雕塑:罗马艺术受到希腊艺术的强烈影响,但也发展出自己独特的风格。
罗马雕塑以其逼真的人物形象和独特的表达方式而闻名。
7. 教育与哲学:罗马重视教育,并吸收了希腊哲学的思想。
斯多葛学派和伊壁鸠鲁学派等哲学流派在罗马得到广泛传播。
这些只是古代罗马文化的几个基本方面,整体而言,罗马文化是一个庞大而复杂的体系,对西方文化产生了深远的影响。
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All roads lead to Rome. Rome was not built in one day. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Carthage 英 [ˈk ɑ:θidʒ] 美 [ˈk ɑrθɪdʒ] n. 迦太基(非洲北部,今突尼斯的奴隶制城邦,腓尼
C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar
D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Text Study _I_3.5 Exercises
Multiple choice. (5) Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.
Text Study
Text Study _I_2.5
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Triumvirate 三头统治: A political group of three powerful persons in Rome. The First Triumvirate was an informal governing alliance composed of Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey in the mid-1st century BC. The Second Triumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Text Study _I_3.1 Exercises
Multiple choice. (1) Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of ____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted about 1200 years throughout. A. Roman Republic B. Byzantium C. Pax Romana D. Seven Hill Ally
Romulus and Remus 罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯: Romulus (771 BC–717 BC) and Remus (771 BC–753 BC) were the twin brothers, who were said to be the founders of Rome. In Roman mythology, their parents were Mars and Rhea Silvia, the daughter of Latin King. The twins were ordered to be drowned by the new king who dethroned the Latin King. However, they were saved and raised by a she-wolf. When they grew up, the twins built their own city, but Remus was killed
Development: In 509 BC, Augustus built up Roman Republic.
Text Study
Text Study _I_1.2
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Three powerful rulers: L.Sulla Felix, the 1st Triumvirate, the 2nd Triumvirate In 27 BC, Octavian called himself Augustus and built up a centralized Rome. Decline: In 33 AD, Roman Empire was divided into two parts. End: In 476, West Rome was defeated by German troops and came to an end.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Text Study
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
by his brother who became the first king of Rome. Nowadays, Romulus is regarded as a mythological figure, whose name is the origin of Rome.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Text Study _I_3.2 Exercises
Multiple choice. (2) ____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.
Text Study
Text Study _I_2.6
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Octavian屋大维:Octavian(Augustus) (63 BC –14 AD)was adopted by Julius Caesar in 44 BC. He was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD. In 40 BC,he was called Augustus by the Senate, who had power to rule Rome’s religious, civil and military affairs. He made great achievements in his ruling time: the long peace after civil war, the sound currency, the highway system, constructions of bridges and buildings,
Multiple choice. (3) ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.
A. Caesar
B. Octavian
C. Remus
D. Pompey
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
基人所建,公元146年被罗马帝国所灭,见Punic Wars)
Etruscan [i‘trʌskən] 伊特鲁里亚 Octavius [ɔk‘teiviəs] 屋大维 Augustus [ɔ:‘ɡʌstəs]奥古斯都 (公元前63~公元14),罗马帝国第一代皇帝(公元 前27~公元14,恺撒的甥孙、养子、继承人, 原名屋大维)
Text Study
Text Study _I_2.4
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Punic Wars布匿战争: A series of wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. The main cause is the conflict of interests between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic. There are three largest wars: First Punic War (264 BC– 241 BC), Second Punic War (218 BC–201 BC), Third Punic War (149 BC–146 BC). Eventually, after more than a hundred years, Rome conquered the Carthaginian Empire and became the most powerful state in the classical world.
A. Octavnd Remus C. Romulus and Remus D. Romulus and Octavian
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Text Study _I_3.3 Exercises
Sulla Felix, (公元前138~前78) 苏拉,目录 Triumvirate [traɪ'ʌmvɪrət] 美 [traɪ'ʌmvɪret] n. 三头统治;三人执政 Romulus ['rɑmjələs] n. 罗穆卢斯(罗马神话中的一个形象 Remus [‘ri:məs] 瑞摩斯 Caesar ['si:zə] n. 凯撒(罗马皇帝)
Origin: small village in central Italy
During 700 BC–800 BC, Seven Hill Ally took shape and cities and tribes came into being.